CN104141500B - One hardens sand and gravel stratum cavern con struction method - Google Patents
One hardens sand and gravel stratum cavern con struction method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104141500B CN104141500B CN201410311230.XA CN201410311230A CN104141500B CN 104141500 B CN104141500 B CN 104141500B CN 201410311230 A CN201410311230 A CN 201410311230A CN 104141500 B CN104141500 B CN 104141500B
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Abstract
The present invention relates to one harden sand and gravel stratum cavern con struction method, comprise the following steps: hole advance support；Tunnel cutting；Barrel supporting；Hole inner concrete ejection supporting.A kind of superior effect hardening sand and gravel stratum cavern con struction method of the present invention is: have employed described construction method and shows cavern excavation Construction practices, improves the safety coefficient of construction, it is achieved that safety, the target of quality zero accident；Construction direct cost reduces 10%, short construction period.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to cavern con struction technology under special geologic condition, particularly relate to one and harden sand and gravel stratum cavern con struction
Method.
Background technology
The sand and gravel stratum that hardens belongs to China's distinctive geo-logical terrain in South Sinkiang, seldom has research, relevant by consulting
Document, China only has water in the mid-90 in 20th century had for 15 innings shelf theory similarly to explore, but in view of construction machine at that time
Tool and technical force are limited, are formed without the theoretical result of system, and for turning now to, construction technology at that time is the most far away
The progress fallen behind the times.
General cubic meter of stone cavern con struction, all uses the construction technology of drillhole blasting to excavate, but carries out at the sand and gravel stratum that hardens
Cavern excavation construction blasting operation is abnormally dangerous.The sand gravel that hardens is not under the influence of having external force, cementing closely knit, good integrity,
Being given a shock, after the external force impact such as current, the loosest avalanche.
Along with large-scale development of China's western region and market, power station emphasis are transferred to South Sinkiang, the coming years large area will develop water in South Sinkiang
Electricity, it would therefore be highly desirable to carry out exploration and the research of this respect construction technology.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome defect of the prior art, it is an object of the invention to provide one and harden sand and gravel stratum cavern con struction method.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
One hardens sand and gravel stratum cavern con struction method, at least includes following construction procedure:
The first step: hole advance support；Support Steel bow member before hole, described steel arch-shelf size is identical with dimension of opening, and steel
Bow member spacing 0.5m is arranged, and the I-steel of steel arch-shelf uses bar connecting, hangs reinforced mesh on described reinforcing bar, simultaneously at steel
Muscle mesh sheet top completely spreads steel plate；
For the sand gravel that hardens under conditions of without influence on groundwater, degree of consolidation is closely knit, monolithic stability, but at digging process
In, by feature the loosest after external disturbance, advanced tubule pre-pouring grout before excavation, can be used, before excavation, increase excavation hole
Country rock globality around room.
Second step: tunnel cutting；Using hydraulic hammer to coordinate hydraulic hoe directly to excavate, corner is coordinated at pneumatic pick by workmen
Reason；Coordinate section-steel support to carry out supporting simultaneously during tunnel cutting, use self-advancing type hollow bolt to reinforce steel arch-shelf, so
After carry out anchoring shotcrete with wire mesh supporting, it is ensured that Stability of Excavation Surrounding；
To hardening sand and gravel stratum cavern excavation method and technique improves, the blasting procedure of abandoning tradition cavern excavation, use broken
Rock in the range of inside cavern excavation line one meter is crushed by broken hammer, stays Core Soil and up/down steps excavation, and mid portion is adopted
Directly excavating with hydraulic hoe, corner hand fit's pneumatic pick processes.
3rd step: barrel supporting；Using section-steel support, steel arch-shelf spacing 1m, described steel arch-shelf uses spiral to connect,
And hang reinforced mesh outside described steel arch-shelf；
4th step: hole inner concrete ejection supporting；To carrying out repeatedly concrete ejection supporting inside above-mentioned barrel, open at face
Ejection supporting first is carried out after digging；Described concrete ejection C25 concrete, jet thickness 22cm, seals scar in hole in time
Close, prevent rock mass differentiation, deformation.
For ensureing construction safety in digging process, in digging process, immediate support, steel arch-shelf is used to carry out strong supporting, for this
Plant ground anchor pore-creating difficulty, use slip casting type self-feeding anchor pile to reinforce steel arch-shelf.Excavate a rear gib, except digging
Cheng Zhong, the advance support taked, after excavating a circulation, carry out anchoring shotcrete with wire mesh supporting, concrete strength label and thickness are more normal
Rule stratum is the most suitably raised.Safety monitoring point is set simultaneously, deforms excessive after running into a gib, carry out secondary lining in time
Build concrete placings, it is ensured that Stability of Excavation Surrounding.Before and after all above excavations, working measure is required in this engineering practice and inspection.
Compared with prior art, a kind of superior effect hardening sand and gravel stratum cavern con struction method of the present invention is: use
Cavern excavation Construction practices is shown by described construction method, improves the safety coefficient of construction, it is achieved that safety, quality zero thing
Therefore target；Construction direct cost reduces 10%, short construction period.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that one of the present invention hardens sand and gravel stratum cavern con struction method hole advance support schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is that one of the present invention hardens sand and gravel stratum cavern con struction method hole advance support A-A direction view；
Fig. 3 is that one of the present invention hardens supporting schematic diagram in sand and gravel stratum cavern con struction method hole；
Fig. 4 is that one of the present invention hardens supporting B-B direction view in sand and gravel stratum cavern con struction method hole.
Accompanying drawing mark is as follows:
Steel arch-shelf, 6-lock in region, 3-step demarcation line, 4-advance support conduit, 5-hole is excavated in excavation line, 2-hole in 1-hole
Foot anchor pole.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings the specific embodiment of the invention is described in further detail.
As shown in accompanying drawing 1-4, one hardens sand and gravel stratum cavern con struction method, has been successfully applied in the 1# of Xinjiang Che Erchen engineering
In access tunnel and the construction of 2# access tunnel.
It is domestic that Che Erchen project management department is positioned at Qiemo County, Xinjiang, and Che Erchen access tunnel total length 3004 meters, wherein 1# access tunnel is long
1807.682m, excavated section 35.91, footpath, hole 4.5 × 5.58m；2# access tunnel total length 1196.707 excavated section 40.47,
Footpath, hole 4.5 × 6.38m；2# access tunnel cavern excavation starts construction from November 18th, 2012, and 1# access tunnel was from April 8th, 2013
Starting construction, on November 25th, 2013,1# access tunnel and 2# access tunnel totaled drilling depth 1747m, for the gravel that hardens in South Sinkiang
Cavern con struction under stone geological condition have accumulated rich experience.
1# access tunnel and 2# access tunnel barrel section stratum exposure formation lithology top are Holocene series aeolian sand, thick 5～16m, under it be
Upper Pleistocene series blanket sand gravel layer, cinerous, thick 11～25m, the most weak cementing, bottom is the mid Pleistocene series alluviation of big thickness
Sand gravel stratum, general thickness is more than 200m, and structure is more closely knit, has certain self-stable ability under without subsoil water disturbed condition, tool
Standby cavitation condition, but the own globality of sand gravel country rock that hardens is poor, is declined by globality straight line after external disturbance, need to prop up in time
Protect.
According to field test data, 100 meters of hole scope country rock natural density is 2.15-2.18g/cm3, naturally dry with cavern's drilling depth
Density increases, and 1# access tunnel K0+600 pile No. nature dry density is 2.26g/cm3, 2# access tunnel K0+500 pile No. nature dry density is
2.24g/cm3；1# access tunnel K0+800 pile No. nature dry density is 2.27g/cm3。
1# access tunnel and 2# access tunnel outlet tunnel-face side slope are closely upright, and bank height is above 100m, and lithology is the 4th to be mid Pleistocene series punching
Long-pending sand gravel stratum, half is cementing, and structure is closely knit, natural slope overall stability, owing to outlet tunnel-face side slope is high steep, may grow
There is relief joint, when part is furnished with off-load unstables ystem on the face in hole, hole safety will be threatened, it is proposed that removing processes.
One hardens sand and gravel stratum cavern con struction method, comprises the following steps:
The first step: hole advance support；
For the sand gravel that hardens under conditions of not having influence on groundwater, cementing denser, globality is preferable, but is opening
During digging, by feature the loosest after external disturbance.Supporting 6 Pin steel arch-shelf, bow member before outlet hole face pile No.
Manufactured size with in hole, spacing 0.5m, I-steel uses Φ 22mm bar connecting, hangs Φ 8mm@20 × 20cm reinforced mesh,
Outside completely spreads 1cm steel plate, prevents hole roof fall stone.It is close to 120 ° of scope excavation lines of hole crown and lays row's Shed-pipe Advanced Support, pipe
Canopy uses Φ 48 steel pipe manufacturing, length 4.5m, enters rock 4.0m, exposes 0.5m and weld with steel arch-shelf, spacing of wells 0.4m.
Second step: tunnel cutting；Using hydraulic hammer to coordinate hydraulic hoe directly to excavate, corner is coordinated at pneumatic pick by workmen
Reason；Coordinate section-steel support to carry out supporting simultaneously during tunnel cutting, use self-advancing type hollow bolt to reinforce steel arch-shelf, so
After carry out anchoring shotcrete with wire mesh supporting, it is ensured that Stability of Excavation Surrounding；
Using hydraulic hammer to coordinate hydraulic hoe directly to excavate, corner hand fit's pneumatic pick processes.For ensureing construction peace in digging process
Entirely, use hydraulic hammer crush country rock near contour line, hydraulic hoe is directly excavated, in digging process, use steel arch-shelf and
Shi Jinhang strong supporting, for the feature of this stratum ordinary mortar anchor pole pore-creating difficulty, uses self-advancing type hollow bolt instead and reinforces steel arch
Frame, then carries out anchoring shotcrete with wire mesh supporting, and concrete strength is numbered C25 and raises according to stratum geological transformation, and thickness is protected in spray
For 22cm.Safety monitoring point is set simultaneously, deforms excessive after running into a gib, carry out secondary lining concrete in time and water
Build, it is ensured that Stability of Excavation Surrounding.
Tunnel cutting adheres to the full section method construction principle of " short drilling depth, strong supporting, diligent measurement, soon closing " all the time.Manually open
Digging is that main cooperative mechanical excavation is slagged tap, and excavates drilling depth 300-500cm according to geological condition single cycle.
3rd step: barrel supporting；
The sand gravel layer that hardens has large deformations, and once supporting needs greater stiffness.For reducing country rock convergence, prevent country rock from losing
Surely, using I16 i-beam frame supporting, steel arch-shelf spacing 1m (can be encrypted according to the change of field geology situation), uses Φ
22 spirals connect, and hang 200mm × 200mm Φ 8 bar-mat reinforcement, and the division of bow member unit and spacing are with country rock situation and digging mode
Change adjusted.
Original design lock foot anchoring stock is Ф 25 grouting rock bolt, and due to Geological Reasons, in work progress, drilling rod bit freezing is serious, it is impossible to continue
Continuous creep into or creep into rear drilling rod and cannot transfer to, pore-creating difficulty.According to practical situation, have adjusted anchor pole pattern in time, use instead from entering
Formula hollow bolt, not only increases progress, more improves the safety of engineering.
4th step: hole inner concrete ejection supporting；To carrying out repeatedly concrete ejection supporting inside above-mentioned barrel, open at face
Ejection supporting first is carried out after digging；Described concrete ejection C25 concrete, jet thickness 22cm, seals scar in hole in time
Close, prevent rock mass differentiation, deformation.
Gunite concrete is uniquely can be with a kind of support pattern of country rock large area rigid contact, and it can transmit radial stress also
Tangential stress can be transmitted.Gunite concrete applies at twice, is to spray C25 concrete after face excavates in time for the first time,
Thickness 22cm, closes scar in time, prevents Weathering Zones of Igneous Rock, softening, produces bigger deformation.
Excavate region 2 in described hole and represent in excavation line, be specially region in the range of 1m in excavation line；Described step demarcation line
3 is the demarcation line topped bar when excavation and get out of a predicament or an embarrassing situation, and up/down steps distance is at 5-10m；Described advanced conduit 4 uses Φ 48
Steel pipe manufacturing, with cavern's axis angle 6 °；In described hole, steel arch-shelf 5 Pin is away from using Φ 8@200 × 200 reinforcing bar between 0.5m, bow member
Net is reinforced, and carries out combined bolting and shotcrete, and it is 16cm that thickness is protected in spray, and concrete grade is C25；
Described lock foot anchoring stock 6 uses Φ 25 hollow self-feeding anchor pile, and rock-bolt length is 2m.
Planned by advanced, and formulate practicable arrangement and method for construction, and work progress adjusts in time for different country rocks
Excavation supporting parameter, Xinjiang Che Erchen project construction achieves safety, quality, schedule objective, for Che Erchen engineering on schedule smoothly
Construction provides reliable guarantee.The construction of this tunnel makes achievement as follows:
(1) the sand and gravel stratum cavern excavation construction technology technique that hardens of a whole set of maturation will be formed.
(2) use Shed-pipe Advanced Support construction technology to enter hole in advance, breach water conservancy industry conventional construction way for many years, shorten
The disturbance of hole face excavation duration and environment destroys, it is ensured that the running smooth and meet construction speed requirement of construction.
(3) create full boundary water conservancy industry harden sand gravel tunnel construction one year over, under total length 3004m complex geological condition
The gratifying results of tunnel construction zero injures and deaths.
The present invention is not limited to above-mentioned embodiment, in the case of without departing substantially from the flesh and blood of the present invention, those skilled in the art
It is contemplated that any deformation, improve, replace and each fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. the sand and gravel stratum cavern con struction method that hardens, it is characterised in that at least include following construction procedure:
The first step: hole advance support；Support Steel bow member before hole, described steel arch-shelf size is identical with dimension of opening, and steel
Bow member spacing 0.5m is arranged, and the I-steel of steel arch-shelf uses bar connecting, hangs reinforced mesh on described reinforcing bar, simultaneously at steel
Muscle mesh sheet top completely spreads steel plate；
Second step: tunnel cutting；Using hydraulic hammer to coordinate hydraulic hoe directly to excavate, corner is coordinated at pneumatic pick by workmen
Reason；Coordinate section-steel support to carry out supporting simultaneously during tunnel cutting, use self-advancing type hollow bolt to reinforce steel arch-shelf, so
After carry out anchoring shotcrete with wire mesh supporting, it is ensured that Stability of Excavation Surrounding；
3rd step: barrel supporting；Using section-steel support, steel arch-shelf spacing 1m, described steel arch-shelf uses spiral to connect,
And hang reinforced mesh outside described steel arch-shelf；
4th step: hole inner concrete ejection supporting；To carrying out repeatedly concrete ejection supporting inside above-mentioned barrel, open at face
Ejection supporting first is carried out after digging；Described concrete ejection C25 concrete, jet thickness 22cm, seals scar in hole in time
Close, prevent rock mass differentiation, deformation；
In above-mentioned 3rd step, described steel arch-shelf top is provided with advanced conduit.
One the most according to claim 1 hardens sand and gravel stratum cavern con struction method, it is characterised in that the above-mentioned 3rd
In step, described steel arch-shelf Pin reinforces away from employing Φ 8@200 × 200 bar-mat reinforcement between 0.5m, steel arch-shelf.
One the most according to claim 1 hardens sand and gravel stratum cavern con struction method, it is characterised in that described lead in advance
Pipe uses Φ 48 steel pipe manufacturing, with cavern's axis angle 6 °.
One the most according to claim 1 hardens sand and gravel stratum cavern con struction method, it is characterised in that the above-mentioned 3rd
In step, described steel arch-shelf both sides are provided with lock foot anchoring stock, and described lock foot anchoring stock uses Φ 25 hollow self-feeding anchor pile, rock-bolt length
For 2m.
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| CN201410311230.XA CN104141500B (en) | 2014-04-11 | 2014-07-01 | One hardens sand and gravel stratum cavern con struction method |
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| CN106437750B (en) * | 2016-09-21 | 2019-05-10 | 福州大学 | A kind of crushed zone slope of large section cave mouth one-pass molding method for protecting support |
| CN106677141B (en) * | 2016-12-27 | 2021-05-04 | 中国水电建设集团十五工程局有限公司 | Western-region conglomerate V-type surrounding rock diversion and flood discharge sand washing hole full-section excavation construction method |
| CN108547642A (en) * | 2018-06-15 | 2018-09-18 | 中国电建集团成都勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Diversion Tunnel excavation liner structure |
| CN112127921B (en) * | 2020-09-28 | 2022-05-17 | 中电建十一局工程有限公司 | Construction method of buried grit chamber |
| CN113187520A (en) * | 2021-06-03 | 2021-07-30 | 中铁建大桥工程局集团第四工程有限公司 | Method for supporting surrounding rock of diversion tunnel |
| CN113931637A (en) * | 2021-10-23 | 2022-01-14 | 中电建十一局工程有限公司 | Shallow-buried water-rich softer rock tunnel construction method |
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| CN201687483U (en) * | 2010-04-07 | 2010-12-29 | 北京科技大学 | Longitudinally open screen pipe for pre-support of tunnel rotary-jet pipe roof |
| CN102182465A (en) * | 2011-04-01 | 2011-09-14 | 长安大学 | Tunnel-entering construction method for tunnel |
| CN102182152B (en) * | 2011-04-06 | 2013-04-17 | 上海船舶运输科学研究所 | Whole image sound barrier for urban quick lane and tunnel portal |
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