CN104141500A - Hardened sand gravel stratum cavern construction method - Google Patents
Hardened sand gravel stratum cavern construction method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104141500A CN104141500A CN201410311230.XA CN201410311230A CN104141500A CN 104141500 A CN104141500 A CN 104141500A CN 201410311230 A CN201410311230 A CN 201410311230A CN 104141500 A CN104141500 A CN 104141500A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a hardened sand gravel stratum cavern construction method. The method comprises the following steps: cavern opening forepoling; cavern body excavation; cavern body supporting; in-cavern concrete spray supporting. The hardened sand gravel stratum cavern construction method provided by the invention has the superior effects that, according to practices of cavern excavation construction by adopting the construction method, the construction safety coefficient is improved, and the goals of safety and zero quality accident are realized; the construction direct cost is reduced by 10 percent and the construction period is short.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to cavern's construction technology under special geologic condition, particularly relate to a kind of sand and gravel stratum cavern construction method that hardens.
Background technology
The sand and gravel stratum that hardens belongs to the distinctive geo-logical terrain in Chinese South Sinkiang, almost seldom there is research abroad, by consulting pertinent literature, China only has water in the mid-90 in 20th century to have for 15 innings shelf theory similarly to explore, but in view of construction machinery and technical force were limited at that time, do not form the theoretical result of system, and for present, construction technology has at that time lagged far behind the progress in epoch.
The construction of general cubic meter of stone cavern, all adopts the construction technology of drilling and blasting to excavate, but it is abnormally dangerous at the sand and gravel stratum that hardens, to carry out the operation of cavern excavation construction blasting.Harden sand gravel under the impact that there is no external force, cementing closely knit, good integrity, being given a shock, after the external force impact such as current, very easily loose avalanche.
Along with large-scale development of China's western region and market, power station emphasis are transferred to South Sinkiang, the coming years will large area at South Sinkiang hydroelectric resource development, therefore, urgently carry out exploration and the research of this respect construction technology.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome defect of the prior art, the object of this invention is to provide a kind of sand and gravel stratum cavern construction method that hardens.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
The sand and gravel stratum cavern construction method that hardens, at least comprises following construction sequence:
The first step: hole advance support; Support Steel bow member before hole, described steel arch frame size is identical with dimension of opening, and steel arch frame spacing 0.5m setting, and the i iron of steel arch frame adopts reinforcing bar to connect, and on described reinforcing bar, hangs reinforced mesh, completely spreads steel plate at reinforced mesh top simultaneously;
For hardening sand gravel under the condition without influence on groundwater, degree of consolidation is closely knit, monolithic stability, but in digging process, be subject to after external disturbance loose immediately feature, before excavation, can adopt the pre-slip casting of advanced tubule, before excavation, increase excavation cavern country rock globality around.
Second step: tunnel cutting; Adopt hydraulic hammer to coordinate hydraulic hoe directly to excavate, corner coordinates pneumatic pick to process by constructor; In tunnel cutting process, coordinate the supporting of steel arch frame to carry out supporting, adopt self-advancing type hollow bolt to reinforce steel arch frame, then carry out anchoring shotcrete with wire mesh supporting, guarantee Stability of Excavation Surrounding simultaneously;
To hardening, sand and gravel stratum cavern excavation method and technique are improved, the blasting procedure of abandoning tradition cavern excavation, adopt quartering hammer to carry out fragmentation to the rock within the scope of one meter of cavern excavation line inner side, stay Core Soil and up/down steps excavation, mid portion adopts hydraulic hoe directly to excavate, and corner manually coordinates pneumatic pick to process.
The 3rd step: barrel supporting; Adopt the supporting of steel arch frame, steel arch frame spacing 1m, described steel arch frame adopts indented bars to connect, and hangs reinforced mesh in described steel arch frame outside;
The 4th step: hole inner concrete ejection supporting; Repeatedly concrete ejection supporting is carried out in above-mentioned barrel inside, after face excavation, carry out ejection supporting first; Described concrete sprays C25 concrete, and jet thickness 22cm, seals scar in hole in time, prevents rock mass differentiation, distortion.
For guaranteeing construction safety in digging process, in digging process, immediate support, adopts steel arch frame to carry out strong supporting, for this ground anchor pore-creating difficulty, adopts slip casting type self-feeding anchor pile to reinforce steel arch frame.Excavate a rear temporary lining, except in digging process, the advance support of taking, excavates after a circulation, carries out anchoring shotcrete with wire mesh supporting, and all suitably raise on the more conventional stratum of concrete strength label and thickness.Safety monitoring point is set simultaneously, runs into and be out of shape after a temporary lining excessively, carry out in time secondary lining concrete and build, guarantee Stability of Excavation Surrounding.Before and after all above excavations, working measure all need to be in this engineering practice and check.
Compared with prior art, a kind of superior effect that hardens sand and gravel stratum cavern construction method of the present invention is: adopted described construction method to show cavern excavation Construction practices, improve the safety factor of construction, realized the target of safety, quality zero accident; Construction direct cost has reduced by 10%, short construction period.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is a kind of construction method hole, sand and gravel stratum cavern advance support schematic diagram that hardens of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is that a kind of construction method hole, sand and gravel stratum cavern advance support A-A that hardens of the present invention is to view;
Fig. 3 is supporting schematic diagram in a kind of construction method hole, sand and gravel stratum cavern of hardening of the present invention;
Fig. 4 be in a kind of construction method hole, sand and gravel stratum cavern of hardening of the present invention supporting B-B to view.
Accompanying drawing sign is as follows:
In 1-hole, in excavation line, 2-hole, excavate steel arch frame, 6-lock foot anchoring stock in region, 3-step line of demarcation, 4-advance support conduit, 5-hole.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the specific embodiment of the invention is described in further detail.
As shown in accompanying drawing 1-4, a kind of sand and gravel stratum cavern construction method that hardens, successful Application is in the 1# access tunnel and the construction of 2# access tunnel of Xinjiang Che Erchen engineering.
It is domestic that Che Erchen project management department is positioned at Qiemo County, Xinjiang, 3004 meters of Che Erchen access tunnel total lengths, the wherein long 1807.682m of 1# access tunnel, excavated section 35.91 ㎡, footpath, hole 4.5 * 5.58m; 2# access tunnel total length 1196.707 excavated section 40.47 ㎡, footpath, hole 4.5 * 6.38m; 2# access tunnel cavern excavation starts construction from November 18th, 2012,1# access tunnel starts construction from April 8th, 2013, to on November 25th, 2013,1# access tunnel and 2# access tunnel total drilling depth 1747m, for cavern's construction of hardening in South Sinkiang under sand gravel geological condition has accumulated rich experience.
1# access tunnel and 2# access tunnel barrel section stratum exposure formation lithology top are Holocene series aeolian sand, thick 5～16m, it is lower is upper Pleistocene series blanket sand gravel layer, cinerous, thick 11～25m, local weak cementing, bottom is the mid Pleistocene series blanket sand gravel layer of large thickness, general thickness is greater than 200m, and structure is more closely knit, under without underground water disturbed condition, has certain self-stable ability, possesses cavitation condition, but the own globality of sand gravel country rock that hardens is poor, be subject to external disturbance after globality straight line decline, need immediate support.
According to field test data, 100 meters, hole scope country rock natural density is 2.15-2.18g/cm
3, with cavern's drilling depth nature dry density, increasing, 1# access tunnel K0+600 pile No. nature dry density is 2.26g/cm
3, 2# access tunnel K0+500 pile No. nature dry density is 2.24g/cm
3; 1# access tunnel K0+800 pile No. nature dry density is 2.27g/cm
3.
1# access tunnel and 2# access tunnel outlet hole face side slope are closely upright, bank Gao Jun is higher than 100m, lithology is Quaternary system mid Pleistocene series blanket sand gravel layer, and half is cementing, and structure is closely knit, natural slope overall stability, because outlet hole face side slope is high steep, may grow and have relief joint, when hole is partly furnished with the unstable body of off-load on the face, to threaten hole safety, suggestion is removed and is processed.
The sand and gravel stratum cavern construction method that hardens, comprises the following steps:
The first step: hole advance support;
For the sand gravel that hardens, do not having under the condition of influence on groundwater, cementing denser, globality is better, but in digging process, is subject to after external disturbance loose immediately feature.Supporting 6 Pin steel arch framves before outlet hole face pile No., bow member manufactured size is with in hole, spacing 0.5m, i iron adopts Φ 22mm reinforcing bar to connect, and hangs Φ 8mm@20 * 20cm reinforced mesh, and outside completely spreads 1cm steel plate, prevents hole roof fall stone.Be close to 120 ° of scope excavation lines of hole crown and lay row's Shed-pipe Advanced Support, pipe canopy adopts Φ 48 steel pipe manufacturings, and length 4.5m, enters rock 4.0m, exposes 0.5m and the welding of steel arch frame, spacing of wells 0.4m.
Second step: tunnel cutting; Adopt hydraulic hammer to coordinate hydraulic hoe directly to excavate, corner coordinates pneumatic pick to process by constructor; In tunnel cutting process, coordinate the supporting of steel arch frame to carry out supporting, adopt self-advancing type hollow bolt to reinforce steel arch frame, then carry out anchoring shotcrete with wire mesh supporting, guarantee Stability of Excavation Surrounding simultaneously;
Adopt hydraulic hammer to coordinate hydraulic hoe directly to excavate, corner manually coordinates pneumatic pick to process.For guaranteeing construction safety in digging process, adopt near the country rock of the broken outline line of hydraulic hammer, hydraulic hoe is directly excavated, in digging process, adopt steel arch frame to carry out in time strong supporting, for the feature of this stratum ordinary mortar anchor pole pore-creating difficulty, use self-advancing type hollow bolt instead and reinforce steel arch frame, then carry out anchoring shotcrete with wire mesh supporting, concrete strength label is C25 and changes and to raise according to stratum geology, and it is 22cm that thickness is protected in spray.Safety monitoring point is set simultaneously, runs into and be out of shape after a temporary lining excessively, carry out in time secondary lining concreting, guarantee Stability of Excavation Surrounding.
Tunnel cutting is adhered to the full section method construction principle of " short drilling depth, strong supporting, diligent measurement, sealing soon " all the time.Hand excavation is that main cooperative mechanical excavation is slagged tap, according to geological condition single cycle excavation drilling depth 300-500cm.
The 3rd step: barrel supporting;
The sand gravel layer that hardens has large deformations, and once supporting needs larger rigidity.For reducing country rock convergence, prevent wall rock destabilization, adopt the supporting of I16 i-beam frame, steel arch frame spacing 1m (can be encrypted according to the variation of on-the-spot geological condition), adopt Φ 22 indented barss to connect, hang 200mm * 200mm Φ 8 steel mesh reinforcements, the division of bow member unit and spacing are adjusted with the change of country rock situation and digging mode.
Former design lock foot anchoring stock is Ф 25 grouting rock bolts, and due to Geological Reasons, in work progress, drilling rod bit freezing is serious, cannot continue to creep into or creep into rear drilling rod and cannot transfer to, pore-creating difficulty.According to actual conditions, adjusted in time anchor pole pattern, use self-advancing type hollow bolt instead, not only improved progress, more improved the safety of engineering.
The 4th step: hole inner concrete ejection supporting; Repeatedly concrete ejection supporting is carried out in above-mentioned barrel inside, after face excavation, carry out ejection supporting first; Described concrete sprays C25 concrete, and jet thickness 22cm, seals scar in hole in time, prevents rock mass differentiation, distortion.
Sprayed mortar is unique a kind of support pattern that can firmly contact with country rock large area, and it can transmit radial stresses also can transmit shear stress.Sprayed mortar applies at twice, is for the first time after face excavation, to spray in time C25 concrete, and thickness 22cm, seals scar in time, prevents Weathering Zones of Igneous Rock, softening, produces larger distortion.
In described hole, excavation region 2 is illustrated in excavation line, is specially 1m scope inner region in excavation line; The line of demarcation of described step line of demarcation 3 for topping bar and get out of a predicament or an embarrassing situation when excavating, and up/down steps distance is at 5-10m; Described leading conduit 4 adopts Φ 48 steel pipe manufacturings, with 6 ° of cavern's axis angles; In described hole, steel arch frame 5 Pin, apart from 0.5m, adopt Φ 8 200 * 200 steel mesh reinforcements to reinforce, and carry out combined bolting and shotcrete between bow member, and it is 16cm that thickness is protected in spray, and concrete grade is C25;
Described lock foot anchoring stock 6 adopts Φ 25 hollow self-feeding anchor piles, and rock-bolt length is 2m.
By leading plan, and formulate practicable constructure scheme, and for different country rocks, adjust in time excavation supporting parameter in work progress, Xinjiang Che Erchen project construction has been realized safety, quality, schedule objective smoothly, for Che Erchen engineering, constructs on schedule reliable guarantee is provided.The construction of this tunnel makes achievement as follows:
(1) the sand and gravel stratum cavern excavation construction technology technique that hardens of a whole set of maturation will be formed.
(2) adopt Shed-pipe Advanced Support construction technology to enter in advance hole, broken through water conservancy industry conventional construction way for many years, the disturbance of having shortened hole face excavation duration and environment destroys, and has guaranteed running smooth and having met construction speed requirement of construction.
(3) created at full boundary water conservancy industry and hardened sand gravel tunnel construction one year over, the gratifying results of tunnel construction zero injures and deaths under total length 3004m complex geological condition.
The present invention is not limited to above-mentioned embodiment, and in the situation that not deviating from flesh and blood of the present invention, any distortion it may occur to persons skilled in the art that, improvement, replacement all fall into scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. the sand and gravel stratum cavern construction method that hardens, is characterized in that, at least comprises following construction sequence:
The first step: hole advance support; Support Steel bow member before hole, described steel arch frame size is identical with dimension of opening, and steel arch frame spacing 0.5m setting, and the i iron of steel arch frame adopts reinforcing bar to connect, and on described reinforcing bar, hangs reinforced mesh, completely spreads steel plate at reinforced mesh top simultaneously;
Second step: tunnel cutting; Adopt hydraulic hammer to coordinate hydraulic hoe directly to excavate, corner coordinates pneumatic pick to process by constructor; In tunnel cutting process, coordinate the supporting of steel arch frame to carry out supporting, adopt self-advancing type hollow bolt to reinforce steel arch frame, then carry out anchoring shotcrete with wire mesh supporting, guarantee Stability of Excavation Surrounding simultaneously;
The 3rd step: barrel supporting; Adopt the supporting of steel arch frame, steel arch frame spacing 1m, described steel arch frame adopts indented bars to connect, and hangs reinforced mesh in described steel arch frame outside;
The 4th step: hole inner concrete ejection supporting; Repeatedly concrete ejection supporting is carried out in above-mentioned barrel inside, after face excavation, carry out ejection supporting first; Described concrete sprays C25 concrete, and jet thickness 22cm, seals scar in hole in time, prevents rock mass differentiation, distortion.
2. a kind of sand and gravel stratum cavern construction method that hardens according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in above-mentioned the 3rd step, described steel arch frame Pin, apart from 0.5m, adopts Φ 8@200 * 200 steel mesh reinforcements to reinforce between steel arch frame.
3. a kind of sand and gravel stratum cavern construction method that hardens according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in above-mentioned the 3rd step, described steel arch top of the trellis is provided with leading conduit.
4. a kind of sand and gravel stratum cavern construction method that hardens according to claim 3, is characterized in that, described leading conduit adopts Φ 48 steel pipe manufacturings, with 6 ° of cavern's axis angles.
5. a kind of sand and gravel stratum cavern construction method that hardens according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in above-mentioned the 3rd step, described steel arch frame both sides are provided with lock foot anchoring stock, and described lock foot anchoring stock employing Φ 25 hollow self-feeding anchor piles, and rock-bolt length is 2m.
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| CN201410311230.XA CN104141500B (en) | 2014-04-11 | 2014-07-01 | One hardens sand and gravel stratum cavern con struction method |
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| CN201410311230.XA CN104141500B (en) | 2014-04-11 | 2014-07-01 | One hardens sand and gravel stratum cavern con struction method |
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| CN106437750A (en) * | 2016-09-21 | 2017-02-22 | 福州大学 | Method for forming and supporting crushed zone large-cross-section inclined shaft adit entrance at a time |
| CN106677141A (en) * | 2016-12-27 | 2017-05-17 | 中国水电建设集团十五工程局有限公司 | Full-section excavation construction method for western region conglomerate class-V surrounding rock flow guiding, flood releasing and sand scouring tunnel |
| CN108547642A (en) * | 2018-06-15 | 2018-09-18 | 中国电建集团成都勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Diversion Tunnel excavation liner structure |
| CN112127921A (en) * | 2020-09-28 | 2020-12-25 | 中电建十一局工程有限公司 | Construction method of buried grit chamber |
| CN113187520A (en) * | 2021-06-03 | 2021-07-30 | 中铁建大桥工程局集团第四工程有限公司 | Method for supporting surrounding rock of diversion tunnel |
| CN113931637A (en) * | 2021-10-23 | 2022-01-14 | 中电建十一局工程有限公司 | Shallow-buried water-rich softer rock tunnel construction method |
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106437750A (en) * | 2016-09-21 | 2017-02-22 | 福州大学 | Method for forming and supporting crushed zone large-cross-section inclined shaft adit entrance at a time |
| CN106437750B (en) * | 2016-09-21 | 2019-05-10 | 福州大学 | A kind of crushed zone slope of large section cave mouth one-pass molding method for protecting support |
| CN106677141A (en) * | 2016-12-27 | 2017-05-17 | 中国水电建设集团十五工程局有限公司 | Full-section excavation construction method for western region conglomerate class-V surrounding rock flow guiding, flood releasing and sand scouring tunnel |
| CN106677141B (en) * | 2016-12-27 | 2021-05-04 | 中国水电建设集团十五工程局有限公司 | Western-region conglomerate V-type surrounding rock diversion and flood discharge sand washing hole full-section excavation construction method |
| CN108547642A (en) * | 2018-06-15 | 2018-09-18 | 中国电建集团成都勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Diversion Tunnel excavation liner structure |
| CN112127921A (en) * | 2020-09-28 | 2020-12-25 | 中电建十一局工程有限公司 | Construction method of buried grit chamber |
| CN112127921B (en) * | 2020-09-28 | 2022-05-17 | 中电建十一局工程有限公司 | Construction method of buried grit chamber |
| CN113187520A (en) * | 2021-06-03 | 2021-07-30 | 中铁建大桥工程局集团第四工程有限公司 | Method for supporting surrounding rock of diversion tunnel |
| CN113931637A (en) * | 2021-10-23 | 2022-01-14 | 中电建十一局工程有限公司 | Shallow-buried water-rich softer rock tunnel construction method |
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