CN112461665B - High-precision measurement device and test method for interface pressure distribution of silo test model - Google Patents
High-precision measurement device and test method for interface pressure distribution of silo test model Download PDFInfo
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- CN112461665B CN112461665B CN202011393455.6A CN202011393455A CN112461665B CN 112461665 B CN112461665 B CN 112461665B CN 202011393455 A CN202011393455 A CN 202011393455A CN 112461665 B CN112461665 B CN 112461665B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
- G01L5/0028—Force sensors associated with force applying means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
Abstract
The high-precision measuring device and the testing method for the interface pressure distribution of the silo test model comprise a silo container, a stress measuring device for the pressure distribution of the bottom/side wall of a particle column in the silo container and a feeding hopper; the silo container is a hollow columnar structure made of transparent materials, the stress measuring device comprises strip-shaped flexible stress measuring films symmetrically laid on the inner wall of the silo container, flexible stress measuring film blocks fixedly pressed at the bottom of the silo container, and a computer communicated with the strip-shaped flexible stress measuring films and the flexible stress measuring film blocks through data lines. According to the invention, all cross sections including the outer wall of the silo container are arranged on the flexible stress measurement film block, so that a full-section high-density pressure distribution result can be obtained, the change rules of the pressure transmitted by the cylinder wall and the particle column in the cylinder can be contrasted and analyzed, the redistribution of the internal force of the particle system caused by the self deformation of the traditional pressure test box is eliminated, and the accuracy of the silo pressure test is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of indoor particulate matter testing, and particularly belongs to a high-precision measuring device and a high-precision measuring method for interface pressure distribution of a silo test model.
Background
The "silo effect" refers to the phenomenon that the particle materials are filled in the silo to form a particle column body, and along with the increase of the height of the column body, the pressure at the bottom of the particle column body gradually tends to a certain saturation value, namely the weight transfer direction of the subsequently filled particle column body deflects and is not downwards transferred to the bottom of the column body, but is gradually transferred to the wall of the silo.
The granular material is widely used in the engineering field, and the full understanding of the engineering properties of the granular material has important physical and engineering practical significance. The engineering property of the granular material is different from that of other materials with cementation, and the stress distribution in the granular material is abnormally sensitive to external disturbance. The main purpose of silo test is to obtain the change rule of the pressure at the lower part of the particle column in the silo along with the increase of the height of the column body, and more understanding of the distribution pattern of the bottom pressure on a plane is needed. The test device for measuring the pressure distribution of the bottom of the silo particle column is disclosed at present, and independent traditional pressure sensors are arranged at certain intervals in a ring type or a matrix type.
At present, traditional pressure measuring instruments are mostly adopted in silo indoor tests. The traditional pressure measurement needs to obtain stress from the strain of a measuring instrument, and the inconsistency of the interface rigidity of the instrument caused by deformation can cause the change of the distribution of the intergranular force at the boundary and inside of a particle system, so that the initial contact force distribution state cannot be reflected. In addition, the conventional measuring apparatus has difficulty in obtaining sufficient force distribution data in small and medium-scale indoor tests due to size limitations. Due to the limitations of the above conventional testing methods, most silo tests have been conducted to discuss the average value of the bottom pressure, and it is difficult to obtain sufficient data about the distribution rule of the pressure on the bottom surface.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-precision measuring device and a testing method belonging to interface pressure distribution of a silo testing model, aiming at solving the technical problem that enough force distribution data is difficult to obtain in indoor small-scale and medium-scale tests due to size limitation.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
high-precision measuring device of silo test model interface pressure distribution, its characterized in that: comprises a silo container, a stress measuring device for pressure distribution of the bottom/side wall of a particle column in the silo container and a feeding hopper; the silo container is a hollow columnar structure made of transparent materials, and the stress measuring device comprises strip-shaped flexible stress measuring films symmetrically paved on the inner wall of the silo container, flexible stress measuring film blocks fixedly pressed at the bottom of the silo container, and a computer communicated with the strip-shaped flexible stress measuring films and the flexible stress measuring film blocks through data lines.
Further preferably, the device also comprises a steel plate and a platform balance which are sequentially supported at the bottom of the silo container from top to bottom.
Furthermore, the vertical distance between the lower edge of the feeding pipe of the feeding funnel and the hammer-shaped outer wall of the particle column is 0-2 cm, and the feeding pipe is a telescopic feeding pipe.
Further, the central line of the feeding hopper is superposed with the central line of the silo container.
In addition, the outer wall of the silo container is provided with a dial gauge for measuring the height of the particle column, and the inner diameter of the silo container is 135-140 mm, and the height of the silo container is 60-80 mm.
More preferably, the strip-shaped flexible stress measuring film is fixed on the inner wall of the silo container through an adhesive glue, and the strip-shaped flexible stress measuring film is arranged along the vertical full length of the silo container.
The high-precision measurement device and the test method for the interface pressure distribution of the silo test model are characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, selecting flexible stress measurement film blocks with proper area and measurement range to be placed on a horizontal and flat surface, and selecting strip-shaped flexible stress measurement films with proper size and measurement range to be symmetrically laid and adhered on two sides of the inner wall of the silo container;
s2, applying downward pressure on the wall of the silo container above the silo container, and identifying and positioning the position of the silo container;
s3, carrying out central fixed point type filling of the particle materials by using a feeding funnel to form an initial conical particle pile, and carrying out bottom pressure distribution monitoring;
s4, continuing to fill the particle materials by the feeding hopper, slowly forming a particle column, recording the height measurement of the particle column at any time, observing the pressure distribution monitoring data of the bottom/side wall on the computer until the expected height is reached, and monitoring the height of the particle column and the pressure distribution of the bottom/side wall in the whole process.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following characteristics and beneficial effects:
the invention relates to a high-precision measuring device, which aims to obtain the pressure of the bottom and the side wall of a particle column in a silo model and a testing process, verify and deeply analyze the silo effect, use a strip-shaped flexible stress measuring film on the side wall and a flexible stress measuring film block at the bottom to perform pressure distribution on an interface of a particle system in the silo, directly fix the stress measuring film on the outer wall of a simulated silo, and remove the pressure of the cylinder wall by using the position of a sensing point, thereby obtaining the pressure distribution result of the lower part of the particle column in the cylinder.
According to the invention, the whole cross section including the outer wall of the silo container is arranged on the flexible stress measurement film block, so that a full-section high-density pressure distribution result can be obtained, the change rules of the pressure transmitted by the cylinder wall and the particle column in the cylinder can be contrastively analyzed, the redistribution of the internal force of a particle system caused by the self deformation of the traditional pressure test box is eliminated, and the accuracy of the silo pressure test is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a high-precision measurement device for interface pressure distribution of a silo test model according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of the present invention relating to the identification and positioning of the location of the wall of the silo container by the high-precision measuring device;
FIG. 3 is a graphical representation of the silo test model bottom pressure distribution;
FIG. 4 is a graphical representation of silo sidewall pressure distribution measurements;
FIG. 5 is a schematic representation of a cylinder wall plane position recognition map corresponding to a raw data matrix;
FIG. 6 is a graphical representation of the identification and isolation of data corresponding to the wall location in the raw data of silo pressure distribution;
figure 7 illustrates the silo model bottom pressure average as a function of height.
Reference numerals: 1-a silo container; 2-strip flexible stress measuring film; 3-a steel plate; 4-platform scale; 5-flexible stress measuring thin film block; 6-a computer; 7-a data line; 8-feeding funnel.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical means, innovative features, objectives and functions realized by the present invention easy to understand, the present invention is further described below.
The examples described herein are specific embodiments of the present invention, are intended to be illustrative and exemplary in nature, and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. In addition to the embodiments described herein, those skilled in the art will be able to employ other technical solutions which are obvious based on the disclosure of the claims and the specification of the present application, and these technical solutions include technical solutions which make any obvious replacement or modification for the embodiments described herein.
A high-precision measuring device for interface pressure distribution of a silo test model, as shown in fig. 1, comprises a silo container 1, a stress measuring device for pressure distribution of the bottom/side wall of a particle column in the silo container 1, and a feeding hopper 8; the silo container 1 is a hollow columnar structure made of transparent materials, and the stress measuring device comprises strip-shaped flexible stress measuring films 2 symmetrically paved and attached to the inner wall of the silo container 1, a flexible stress measuring film block 5 fixedly pressed at the bottom of the silo container 1, and a computer 6 communicated with the strip-shaped flexible stress measuring films 2 and the flexible stress measuring film block 5 through data lines 7; the strip-shaped flexible stress measuring film 2 and the flexible stress measuring film block 5 are respectively provided with an interface which is used for being connected with a computer 6 through a data line 7.
The bottom of a silo container 1 is sequentially provided with a steel plate 3 and a platform balance 4 which are supported at the bottom of the silo container 1 from top to bottom, the platform balance 4 is mainly used for ensuring that the silo does not generate bottom stress deformation in the process of filling particle materials in order to obtain the weight of each time of charging and can be compared with the total pressure measurement result of a flexible stress measurement film block 5, the steel plate 3 is placed on a horizontal and flat cement floor, the flexible stress measurement film block 5 (preferably in a square structure) is placed on the steel plate 3 after a series of calibration operations, the wall of the silo container is directly placed on a pressure test blanket, in the whole feeding process, the vertical distance between the lower edge of a feeding pipe of a feeding funnel 8 and the hammer-shaped outer wall of a particle column is kept at 0-2 cm, the feeding pipe is a telescopic feeding pipe, the central line of the feeding funnel 8 is coincided with the central line of the silo container 1, the outer wall of the silo container 1 is provided with a dial gauge which is convenient for observing the height of the particle column at any time, the inner diameter of the silo container 1 is 135-140 mm, the height is 60-80 mm, specifically 135mm, and the strip-shaped flexible stress measuring film 2 with the height of 60mm is fixed on the inner wall of the silo container 1 through an adhesive. The measuring instrument is an I-scan flexible stress measuring film of Itasca, the flexible stress measuring film is made into strips and blocks according to the requirement, and the device can be replaced by other test film devices with similar functions.
The high-precision measuring device and the testing method for the interface pressure distribution of the silo test model are characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, selecting a flexible stress measurement film block 5 with a proper area and a measurement range to be placed on a horizontal and flat surface, and selecting strip-shaped flexible stress measurement films 2 with proper sizes and measurement ranges to be symmetrically laid and adhered on two sides of the inner wall of the silo container 1;
s2, applying downward pressure on the silo wall above the silo container 1, and identifying and positioning the position of the silo container 1, as shown in fig. 2;
s3, carrying out center fixed point type filling of the particle materials by using the feeding hopper 8 to form an initial conical particle pile, and carrying out bottom pressure distribution monitoring;
s4, continuing to fill the granular materials by the feeding hopper 8, falling freely, slowly forming a granular column, recording for 1 time when the height of the granular column is increased by about 5cm, and recording the height measurement of the granular column and the quality of each filling, as shown in Table 1, and recording the height measurement of the granular column and the quality of each filling.
Table 1 particle column height measurements and mass example table for each charge.
The height of the filler in the silo is regarded as the sum of the height of the particle column and the height of one third of the conical particle pile at the top of the column; the pressure distribution monitoring data of the bottom/side wall is observed on a computer, the pressure distribution of the bottom is shown in figure 3, the pressure distribution of the side wall is shown in figure 4, until the expected height is reached, and the height of the particle column and the pressure distribution of the bottom/side wall are monitored in the whole process. The test result data can be exported for post-processing, the planar position of the cylinder wall, as shown in fig. 2, and the exported data file, as shown in fig. 5, are used for determining the data position corresponding to the cylinder wall position, and then cylinder wall position identification and data isolation of the corresponding position are performed on the silo bottom pressure distribution data of each height in the later period, as shown in fig. 6. The average value of the silo bottom pressure after treatment is compared with the predicted value of the Janssen formula, and the result is well matched with the predicted value, as shown in FIG. 7. The measured bottom pressure distribution clearly reveals the inhomogeneity of the silo pressure distribution. The non-uniform rule of bottom surface pressure distribution and the measured distribution rule of the side wall pressure along the depth provide valuable test data support for further research of the silo effect generation mechanism.
Compared with the existing test device, the silo pressure test device and the test method in the application are mainly different in that full-section high-density continuous pressure distribution data at the bottom of a particle column body in the silo can be directly obtained, important interface information is provided for researching a transmission mechanism of force in the particle column, and researchers are helped to deeply understand a silo effect mechanism and a particle system inner arch effect development mechanism. The preliminarily obtained test data show that the average value of the pressure at the bottom of the particle column body is consistent with the calculated value of the Janssen formula for predicting the silo effect, the distribution characteristic of the bottom pressure is obtained, and the measurement result has important guiding significance for understanding the particle mechanics behavior in the academic field and related engineering design in the engineering field.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (1)
1. The experimental method of the high-precision measuring device for the interface pressure distribution of the silo test model is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting flexible stress measurement film blocks (5) with proper area and measurement range to be placed on a horizontal and flat surface, and selecting strip-shaped flexible stress measurement films (2) with proper size and measurement range to be symmetrically laid and adhered to two sides of the inner wall of the silo container (1);
s2, applying downward pressure on the wall of the silo container (1) above, identifying and positioning the position of the silo container (1), determining a data position corresponding to the wall position of the silo container (1), and then identifying the wall position of the silo container (1) at each height in the later period and isolating the data of the corresponding position according to the pressure distribution data at the bottom of the silo container (1);
s3, carrying out central fixed point type filling of the particle materials by using a feeding funnel (8) to form an initial conical particle pile, and carrying out bottom pressure distribution monitoring;
s4, continuing to fill the particle materials by using a feeding hopper (8), slowly forming a particle column, recording for 1 time when the height of the particle column increases by 5cm, recording the height measurement of the particle column, the height of a particle pile on the top of the column and the quality of each filling, observing pressure distribution monitoring data of the bottom/side wall on a computer until the expected height is reached, and monitoring the height of the particle column and the pressure distribution of the bottom/side wall in the whole process;
the high-precision measuring device for the interface pressure distribution of the silo test model comprises a silo container (1), a stress measuring device for the pressure distribution of the bottom/side wall of a particle column in the silo container (1) and a feeding hopper (8); the stress measuring device comprises strip-shaped flexible stress measuring films (2) symmetrically laid on the inner wall of the silo container (1), flexible stress measuring film blocks (5) fixedly pressed at the bottom of the silo container (1), and a computer (6) communicated with the strip-shaped flexible stress measuring films (2) and the flexible stress measuring film blocks (5) through data lines (7); the strip-shaped flexible stress measuring film (2) and the flexible stress measuring film block (5) are respectively provided with a connector for connecting a computer (6) through a data line (7); the device also comprises a steel plate (3) and a platform scale (4) which are sequentially supported at the bottom of the silo container (1) from top to bottom; the vertical distance between the lower edge of a feeding pipe of the feeding funnel (8) and the hammer-shaped outer wall of the particle column is 0-2 cm, and the feeding pipe is a telescopic feeding pipe; the central line of the feeding hopper (8) is superposed with the central line of the silo container (1); the outer wall of the silo container (1) is provided with a dial gauge for measuring the height of the particle column, and the inner diameter of the silo container (1) is 135-140 mm, and the height of the silo container (1) is 60-80 mm; the strip-shaped flexible stress measuring film (2) is fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the silo container (1) through a bonding adhesive, and the strip-shaped flexible stress measuring film (2) is arranged along the vertical full length of the silo container (1).
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