CN105950481A - 一株米曲霉菌株及其产生的蛋白酶应用于酵母抽提物生产 - Google Patents
一株米曲霉菌株及其产生的蛋白酶应用于酵母抽提物生产 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一株高产蛋白酶米曲霉菌株及其产生的蛋白酶在酵母抽提物生产中的应用,属于微生物技术领域。所述的米曲霉Aspergillus oryzae HGD12菌株已于2016年05月03日保藏于中国典型培养物保藏中心,保藏编号:CCTCC NO:M 2016243,该米曲霉HGD12菌株高产蛋白酶,其酸性蛋白酶活大于1000 U/g,碱性蛋白酶活大于10000 U/g,中性蛋白酶活大于9000 U/g。将米曲霉HGD12菌株产蛋白酶用于面包酵母生产酵母抽提物,可明显增加酵母抽提物产品中鲜味氨基酸含量,其中谷氨酸含量大于6.5%、天冬氨酸含量大于3.0%、丙氨酸含量大于5.0%、甘氨酸含量大于1.0%,可明显改善酵母抽提物的调味功能。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于微生物发酵领域,具体涉及一株高产蛋白酶的米曲霉菌株HGD12及其产生的蛋白酶在酵母抽提物生产中的应用。
背景技术
酵母抽提物(Yeast extract)又称酵母味素,是以蛋白质含量丰富的食用酵母细胞为原料,经过细胞自溶或酶解工艺,将酵母细胞内的蛋白质、核酸等进行降解,并进一步通过离心、浓缩、干燥等加工处理,制备成的营养性鲜味剂和风味增强剂。其主要成分包括多肽、游离氨基酸、核苷酸以及少量B族维生素和矿物元素等,其中的呈味氨基酸,如谷氨酸、天冬氨酸、丙氨酸、甘氨酸等可赋予酵母抽提物的特殊鲜味。酵母抽提物的生产涉及酵母菌种选育、酶解工艺、浓缩与干燥等技术,其中蛋白酶酶解工艺是其生产中的关键一环,是决定酵母抽提物品质的主要工艺。
很多微生物都可以产生蛋白酶,但生产调味品用蛋白酶的微生物必须是安全的。因此,食品用蛋白酶生产菌株应限于传统食品加工用微生物和确认无害的微生物菌株。米曲霉(Aspergillus oryzae)属半知菌亚门、丝孢纲、丝孢目、从梗孢科,是曲霉属真菌中的一个常见种。它是一种好氧微生物,能够自身分泌多种酶,如蛋白酶、淀粉酶、脂肪酶、果胶酶、纤维素酶等,其中最主要的是蛋白酶。米曲霉在食品、饲料、酱油、酿酒等食品发酵行业广泛应用,已有1000多年的安全生产历史,已被美国FDA和WHO认定为安全生产菌株(GRAS)。
发明内容
本发明的目的之一是提供一株高产蛋白酶的米曲霉菌株HGD12(Aspergillus oryzae HGD12),保藏编号:CCTCC NO:M 2016243,保藏时期:2016年05月03日,保藏单位:中国典型培养物保藏中心,地址:中国武汉武昌珞珈山武汉大学。
米曲霉菌株HGD12菌落呈圆形,质地疏松,菌落生长初期小、白色、圆形,随着菌落的逐渐长大,白色范围也逐渐扩大,菌丝层变厚,菌落的中心开始着生浅黄绿色的孢子,然后浅黄绿色逐步向四周扩散;菌落成熟后孢子呈黄绿色,孢子粗壮,菌丝层厚。
本发明的目的之二是提供米曲霉菌株HGD12产生的蛋白酶,该蛋白酶生产方法如下:
(1)将斜面上的米曲霉HGD12接种2-3环到麸皮培养基(培养基配方为:麸皮100份,水100份)中,30℃培养2 d,得到种曲孢子;
(2)将培养好的步骤(1)种曲孢子按照质量浓度0.25-1.0%的接种量接种到发酵培养基(发酵培养基配方为:麸皮80份,豆粕粉20份,水100份)中,混合均匀,培养温度30℃,培养时间2-3 d;
(3)按照1∶50(w/v)的料液比,将10-30 mmol/L 磷酸缓冲液(pH7.0-7.4)加入步骤(2)已发酵好的培养基内,30-40℃浸提1-2 h,搅拌,过滤,得上清液,上清液用质量体积浓度40-50%的(NH4)2SO4溶液盐析,弃上清,用与上述等量的10-30 mmol/L磷酸缓冲液溶解沉淀,制得米曲霉菌株HGD12的蛋白酶粗酶液。
本发明的目的之三是将米曲霉菌株HGD12产生的蛋白酶用于酵母抽提物的生产中,具体步骤如下:
(1)配制质量体积浓度12-18%%的面包酵母乳,添加体积浓度0.5-1%的促溶剂,促溶剂为乙酸乙酯或食盐,调pH到5.0左右,温度50-60℃,自溶6-8 h,得酵母自溶液;
(2)调节步骤(1)的酵母自溶液pH为5-8,加入体积浓度1-3%的米曲霉HGD12粗酶液,控制温度,酶解6-10 h,得酶解液;
(3)按照酵母抽提物常规生产方法,灭酶,高速离心,浓缩,干燥,得到酵母抽提物产品。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下的有益效果: 本发明提供了一株高效米曲霉HGD12菌株,具有较高的蛋白酶酶活,将米曲霉HGD12产蛋白酶用于酵母生产酵母抽提物,可明显增加酵母抽提物中鲜味氨基酸的含量,改善酵母抽提物的调味功能,并提高氨基氮含量和酵母抽提物得率。
附图说明
图1为米曲霉菌株HGD12的菌落形态图。
具体实施方式
以下是本发明的具体实施例,对本发明的技术方案做进一步描述,但本发明的内容不仅仅局限于实施例所述的范围,凡是不背离本发明构思的改变或等同替代均包括在本发明的保护范围之内。
实施例1:米曲霉HGD12菌落形态
米曲霉菌株HGD12从农家自酿豆酱中,经过大量的复壮、分离、纯化获得。
米曲霉菌株HGD12菌落呈圆形,质地疏松,菌落生长初期小、白色、圆形,随着菌落的逐渐长大,白色范围也逐渐扩大,菌丝层变厚,菌落的中心开始着生浅黄绿色的孢子,然后浅黄绿色逐步向四周扩散;菌落成熟后孢子呈黄绿色,孢子粗壮,菌丝层厚,如图1。
实施例2:米曲霉菌株HGD12产蛋白酶制备
(1)将活化好的斜面米曲霉HGD12接种3环到麸皮培养基(麸皮100份,水100份)中,30℃培养2 d,得到种曲孢子;
(2)将步骤(1)培养好的种曲孢子按照质量浓度0.5%的接种量接种到发酵培养基(麸皮80份,豆粕粉20份,水100份)中,混合均匀,培养温度30℃,培养时间48 h;
(3)按照发酵培养基与磷酸缓冲液的重量体积比1:50加入20 mmol/L 磷酸缓冲液(pH7.4)到已发酵好的步骤(2)的培养基内,40℃浸提1 h,搅拌,过滤,得上清液,上清液用质量体积浓度40%的(NH4)2SO4溶液盐析,弃上清,再用20 mmol/L磷酸缓冲液(pH7.4)溶解沉淀,得米曲霉菌株HGD12的蛋白酶粗酶液;
(4)采用福林-酚法测定蛋白酶活力,在pH为3.0的乳酸-乳酸钠缓冲溶液体系中测得米曲霉HGD12菌株酸性蛋白酶活大于1000 U/g(发酵基质);在pH为10.0的硼砂-氢氧化钠缓冲溶液体系中测得米曲霉HGD12菌株碱性蛋白酶活大于10000 U/g(发酵基质);在pH为7.0的磷酸盐缓冲溶液体系中测得米曲霉HGD12菌株中性蛋白酶活大于9000 U/g(发酵基质)。
实施例3:米曲霉菌株HGD12产酸性蛋白酶在酵母抽提物生产中的应用
(1)配制质量体积浓度15%的面包酵母乳,添加体积浓度0.5%的促溶剂,促溶剂为乙酸乙酯,调pH到5.0,温度55℃,自溶8 h,得酵母自溶液;
(2)调节步骤(1)的酵母自溶液pH到5.5,加入体积浓度2.0 %米曲霉HGD12粗酶液,温度55℃,酶解10 h,得酶解液;
(3)按照酵母抽提物常规生产方法,灭酶,高速离心,浓缩,干燥,得到酵母抽提物产品。
(4)品质检测:酵母抽提物得率58%(w/w),产品中氨基氮含量5.18%(w/w),其中谷氨酸含量6.4%(w/w)、天冬氨酸含量2.1%(w/w)、丙氨酸含量5.2%(w/w)、甘氨酸含量0.9%(w/w)。
实施例4:米曲霉菌株HGD12产碱性蛋白酶在酵母抽提物生产中的应用
(1)配制质量体积浓度15%的面包酵母乳,添加体积浓度0.5%的促溶剂,促溶剂为乙酸乙酯,调pH到5.0,温度55℃,自溶8 h,得酵母自溶液;
(2)调节步骤(1)的酵母自溶液pH到8.0,加入体积浓度1.0 %米曲霉HGD12粗酶液,温度37℃,酶解8 h,得酶解液;
(3)按照酵母抽提物常规生产方法,灭酶,高速离心,浓缩,干燥,得到酵母抽提物产品;
(4)品质检测:酵母抽提物得率54%(w/w),产品中氨基氮含量5.21%(w/w),其中谷氨酸含量6.5%(w/w)、天冬氨酸含量3.1%(w/w)、丙氨酸含量5.2%(w/w)、甘氨酸含量1.0%(w/w)。
Claims (2)
1.一株米曲霉菌株,其特征在于:该菌株为米曲霉Aspergillus oryzae HGD12,已于2016年05月03日保藏于中国典型培养物保藏中心,保藏编号为:CCTCC NO:M2016243,所述的米曲霉Aspergillus oryzae HGD12高产蛋白酶,其酸性蛋白酶活大于1000U/g,碱性蛋白酶活大于10000U/g,中性蛋白酶活大于9000U/g。
2.一种如权利要求1所述的一株米曲霉HGD12菌株产生的蛋白酶在酵母抽提物生产中的应用,包括如下步骤:
(1)将斜面上的米曲霉HGD12接种到麸皮培养基中,30℃培养2d,得种曲孢子;
(2)将步骤(1)的种曲孢子按照质量浓度0.25-1.0%的接种量接种到发酵培养基中,混合均匀,培养温度30℃,培养时间2-3d;
(3)按照发酵培养基与磷酸缓冲液的重量体积比1:50将10-30mmol/L磷酸缓冲液加入步骤(2)的培养基内,30-40℃浸提1-2h,搅拌,过滤,得上清液,上清液用质量体积浓度40-50%的(NH4)2SO4溶液盐析,弃上清,再用10-30mmol/L磷酸缓冲液溶解沉淀,制得米曲霉菌株HGD12的蛋白酶粗酶液;
(4)配制质量体积浓度12-18%的酵母乳,添加体积浓度0.5-1%的促溶剂,促溶剂为乙酸乙酯或食盐,调pH到5.0左右,温度50-60℃,自溶6-8h,得酵母自溶液;
(5)调节步骤(4)的酵母自溶液pH为5-8,加入体积浓度1-3%的米曲霉HGD12粗酶液,控制温度,酶解6-10h,得酶解液;
(6)按照酵母抽提物常规生产方法,灭酶,高速离心,浓缩,干燥,得到酵母抽提物产品。
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