CN105944712A - 一种新型钼酸铈钠/三氧化钼复合光催化剂的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种新型钼酸铈钠/三氧化钼复合光催化剂的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JKQOBWVOAYFWKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum trioxide Chemical compound O=[Mo](=O)=O JKQOBWVOAYFWKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 84
- 239000011941 photocatalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 235000015393 sodium molybdate Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 239000011684 sodium molybdate Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- YZQOWXDLAGPZOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium sodium Chemical compound [Na].[Ce] YZQOWXDLAGPZOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiourea Chemical compound NC(N)=S UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000001027 hydrothermal synthesis Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
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- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- TVXXNOYZHKPKGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium molybdate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O TVXXNOYZHKPKGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
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- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 47
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 35
- MEFBJEMVZONFCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdate Chemical compound [O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O MEFBJEMVZONFCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 35
- 229910001948 sodium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000011534 incubation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229960000935 dehydrated alcohol Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- QQZMWMKOWKGPQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium(3+);trinitrate;hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[Ce+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O QQZMWMKOWKGPQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910015667 MoO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 230000001699 photocatalysis Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000007146 photocatalysis Methods 0.000 description 4
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 3
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- PYWVYCXTNDRMGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodamine B Chemical compound [Cl-].C=12C=CC(=[N+](CC)CC)C=C2OC2=CC(N(CC)CC)=CC=C2C=1C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O PYWVYCXTNDRMGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- QNRATNLHPGXHMA-XZHTYLCXSA-N (r)-(6-ethoxyquinolin-4-yl)-[(2s,4s,5r)-5-ethyl-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-2-yl]methanol;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.C([C@H]([C@H](C1)CC)C2)CN1[C@@H]2[C@H](O)C1=CC=NC2=CC=C(OCC)C=C21 QNRATNLHPGXHMA-XZHTYLCXSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052724 xenon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenon atom Chemical compound [Xe] FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910003149 α-MoO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/16—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/24—Chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
- B01J23/28—Molybdenum
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/002—Mixed oxides other than spinels, e.g. perovskite
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- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
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- B01J2523/00—Constitutive chemical elements of heterogeneous catalysts
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种新型钼酸铈钠/三氧化钼复合光催化剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:(1)室温下,称取一定量的钼酸钠和硫脲,用去离子水配成溶液;(2)向步骤(1)所得溶液中加入一定量的六水合硝酸铈,室温下搅拌0.5‑1h;(3)将步骤(2)所得混合溶液加入到聚四氟乙烯内衬中,在160℃‑200℃温度下恒温水热反应40h‑50h;(4)离心、洗涤、干燥;(5)在400℃下煅烧2h,得到新型钼酸铈钠/三氧化钼复合光催化剂。本发明催化剂的制备方法环保,简单,成本低廉,产品纯净,在可见光下能够有效去除水中有机污染物,催化剂具有良好的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及催化剂制备技术领域,具体涉及一种新型钼酸铈钠/三氧化钼复合光催化剂的制备方法。
背景技术
进入21世纪,人类面临着能源和环境两个非常严峻的问题,特别是有毒且难降解有机污染物(如多环芳烃、多氯联苯、农药、染料等)引起的环境问题,已成为影响人类生存与健康的重大问题。
利用半导体氧化物材料在太阳光照射下表面能受激活化的特性,可有效地氧化分解有机污染物,与传统的净化环境处理方法相比,半导体光催化技术拥有反应条件温和、无二次污染、操作简单和降解效果显著等优势。自光催化技术开发以来,研究和应用最多的光催化剂是TiO2,但TiO2在实际光催化技术应用中却存在着某些缺陷,如其光生电子与空穴非常容易复合,光催化反应的量子效率很低,并且仅在紫外光范围有响应,而波长在400nm以下的紫外光部分不足太阳光总能量的5%,太阳光能量主要集中在400-700nm的可见光范围,达总能量的43%。因此,研制可见光响应的催化剂是提高太阳能利用率,最终实现光催化技术产业化应用的关键。α-MoO3的带隙值约为2.92eV,是一种重要光催化半导体材料,且对环境无污染,具有着吸收全部紫外光以及一小部分可见光的能力,但依然具有光效率利用低以及光生电子的高复合率的缺点,导致MoO3的光量子效率低,限制了其在实际中的应用。
申请号为201110044496.9的发明专利具体公开了一种CdS/MoO3复合光催化剂及其制备方法,该发明解决现了有利用光分解H2O制氢催化剂活性低、在可见光下产氢率低、不能降解有机污染物的问题,然而CdS本身会存在严重光腐蚀现象,限制了其应用。近年来,Na0.5Ce0.5MoO4作为一种稀土复合物,关于其相关研究大多数集中在发光器件的制备,然而,其作为一种功能材料在光催化方面的研究却鲜见报道。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是克服现有技术的不足,提供简单易行,成本低廉,易操作,稳定性好,可见光催化活性高的新型钼酸铈钠/三氧化钼复合光催化 剂的制备方法。
为解决以上技术问题,本发明采取如下技术方案:
一种新型钼酸铈钠/三氧化钼复合光催化剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)室温下,称取一定量的钼酸钠和硫脲,用去离子水配成溶液;
(2)向步骤(1)所得溶液中加入一定量的六水合硝酸铈,室温下搅拌0.5-1h;
(3)将步骤(2)所得混合溶液加入到聚四氟乙烯内衬中,在160℃-200℃温度下恒温水热反应40h-50h;
(4)将水热反应所得产物离心、洗涤、干燥;
(5)在400℃下煅烧2h,得到新型钼酸铈钠/三氧化钼复合光催化剂。
优选地,步骤(2)中室温搅拌0.5-1h。
优选地,步骤(3)中恒温水热反应温度为180℃,时间为48h。
优选地,步骤(4)中干燥温度为60℃。
优选地,步骤(4)中将水热反应所得产物离心,用蒸馏水和无水乙醇分别洗涤两到三次。
采用上述制备方法制备的新型钼酸铈钠/三氧化钼复合光催化剂应用于降解水中污染物。
采用上述制备方法制备的新型钼酸铈钠/三氧化钼复合光催化剂的化学式为Na0.5Ce0.5MoO4/MoO3,属于正交晶系。
由于以上技术方案的实施,本发明与现有技术相比具有如下优点:
1、本发明制备的复合光催化剂为钼酸铈钠/三氧化钼,钼酸铈钠的负载有效提高了钼酸铈钠/三氧化钼对可见光的吸收能力并且拓宽了其对可见光的吸收范围;
2、钼酸铈钠/三氧化钼有着匹配的能带结构,因此它们之间能够形成稳定的异质结,在可见光的激发下,Na0.5Ce0.5MoO4和MoO3均能够激发产生电子空穴对,钼酸铈钠有着较高的电导率,有利于光生载流子的转移,进一步促进电荷分离,提高其光催化性能,并且在可见光下能够高效地降解RhB染料废水;
3、本发明制备方法简单易行,成本低廉,易操作推广。
附图说明
图1为实施例1制备的钼酸铈钠/三氧化钼复合光催化剂的扫描电子显微镜 (SEM)图;
图2为实施例1制备的钼酸铈钠/三氧化钼复合光催化剂以及MoO3和Na0.5Ce0.5MoO4的X射线衍射(XRD)图;
图3为实施例1制备的钼酸铈钠/三氧化钼复合光催化剂与MoO3和Na0.5Ce0.5MoO4在降解含有罗丹明B染料水溶液的活性对比图;
其中,C0为罗丹明B染料的初始浓度,C为经过可见光照射一段时间后测量的罗丹明B浓度,t为时间,曲线a为Na0.5Ce0.5MoO4的光降解情况,曲线b是MoO3的光降解情况,图c为钼酸铈钠/三氧化钼复合光催化剂的光降解曲线。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体的实施例对本发明做进一步详细的说明。
实施例1
新型钼酸铈钠/三氧化钼复合光催化剂的制备
(1)室温下,取30mL的纯水倒入烧杯中,在搅拌条件下加入2mmol的钼酸钠和10mmol硫脲,配成溶液;
(2)向步骤(1)所得溶液中加入0.13mmol的六水合硝酸铈,室温下搅拌1h;
(3)将步骤(2)所得混合溶液加入到聚四氟乙烯内衬中,在180℃下恒温水热反应48h;
(4)将水热反应所得产物离心,用蒸馏水和无水乙醇分别洗涤两到三次,在60℃烘干得到样品;
(5)所得样品在400℃下煅烧2h,得到新型钼酸铈钠/三氧化钼复合光催化剂。
由附图1所示,实施例1所制备的钼酸铈钠/三氧化钼复合光催化剂,在MoO3片上有Na0.5Ce0.5MoO4颗粒负载,SEM的观察下MoO3片厚度在600nm-1.2μm左右。
如附图2所示钼酸铈钠/三氧化钼复合光催化剂XRD中同时含有Na0.5Ce0.5MoO4标准卡(JCPDS:79-2242)和MoO3标准卡(JCPDS:05-0508),实施例1制备的钼酸铈钠/三氧化钼复合光催化剂的物相是Na0.5Ce0.5MoO4和MoO3的复合物。
实施例2
新型钼酸铈钠/三氧化钼复合光催化剂的制备
(1)室温下,取30mL的纯水倒入烧杯中,在搅拌条件下加入2mmol的钼 酸钠和10mmol硫脲,配成溶液;
(2)向步骤(1)所得溶液中加入0.27mmol的六水合硝酸铈,室温下搅拌1h;
(3)将步骤(2)所得混合溶液加入到聚四氟乙烯内衬中,在160℃下恒温水热反应50h;
(4)将水热反应所得产物离心,用蒸馏水和无水乙醇分别洗涤两到三次,在60℃烘干得到样品;
(5)所得样品在400℃下煅烧2h,得到新型钼酸铈钠/三氧化钼复合光催化剂。
所制得催化剂组成与实施例1一致,物理性质和催化活性相似。
实施例3
新型钼酸铈钠/三氧化钼复合光催化剂的制备
(1)室温下,取30mL的纯水倒入烧杯中,在搅拌条件下加入2mmol的钼酸钠和10mmol硫脲,配成溶液;
(2)向步骤(1)所得溶液中加入0.54mmol的六水合硝酸铈,室温下搅拌1h;
(3)将步骤(2)所得混合溶液加入到聚四氟乙烯内衬中,在200℃下恒温水热反应40h;
(4)将水热反应所得产物离心,用蒸馏水和无水乙醇分别洗涤两到三次,在60℃烘干得到样品;
(5)所得样品在400℃下煅烧2h,得到新型钼酸铈钠/三氧化钼复合光催化剂。
所制得催化剂组成与实施例1一致,物理性质和催化活性相似。
将实施例1制备的钼酸铈钠/三氧化钼复合光催化剂与MoO3和Na0.5Ce0.5MoO4分别对降解含有罗丹明B染料(RhB)水溶液的活性进行测试。
测试过程:称取实施例1制备的样品、MoO3和Na0.5Ce0.5MoO4各0.1g,分别加入200ml RhB水溶液,其中RhB浓度为7.5mg/L,先避光搅拌30min,使染料在催化剂表面达到吸附/脱附平衡,然后开启氙灯光源,在紫外光照射下进行光催化反应,上清液用分光光度计检测。根据Lambert–Beer定律,有机物特征吸收峰强度的变化,可以定量计算其浓度变化,当吸光物质相同、厚度相同时,可以用吸光度的变化直接表示溶液浓度的变化。因为罗丹明B在554nm处有一个 特征吸收峰,所以可以利用吸光度的变化来衡量溶液中罗丹明B的浓度变化。
测试结果如附图3所示,横坐标为紫外光照射时间,纵坐标为经过紫外光照射一段时间后测量的RhB浓度值与RhB的初始浓度的比值。从附图3可以看出,光照90min后,钼酸铈钠/三氧化钼复合光催化剂降解RhB高达92%,与MoO3和Na0.5Ce0.5MoO4,钼酸铈钠/三氧化钼复合光催化剂对RhB具有较高的催化活性。
本发明制备方法简单易行,成本低廉,易操作,制备的钼酸铈钠/三氧化钼复合光催化剂稳定性好,可见光催化活性高。
以上对本发明做了详尽的描述,但本发明不限于上述的实施例。凡根据本发明的精神实质所作的等效变化或修饰,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围内。
Claims (5)
1.一种新型钼酸铈钠/三氧化钼复合光催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
(1)室温下,称取一定量的钼酸钠和硫脲,用去离子水配成溶液;
(2)向步骤(1)所得溶液中加入一定量的六水合硝酸铈,室温下搅拌0.5-1h;
(3)将步骤(2)所得混合溶液加入到聚四氟乙烯内衬中,在160℃-200℃温度下恒温水热反应40h-50h;
(4)将水热反应所得产物离心、洗涤、干燥;
(5)在400℃下煅烧2h,得到新型钼酸铈钠/三氧化钼复合光催化剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的新型钼酸铈钠/三氧化钼复合光催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(2)中室温搅拌0.5-1h。
3.根据权要求1所述的新型钼酸铈钠/三氧化钼复合光催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(3)中恒温水热反应温度为180℃,时间为48h。
4.根据权要求1所述的新型钼酸铈钠/三氧化钼复合光催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(4)中干燥温度为60℃。
5.根据权利要求1所述的新型钼酸铈钠/三氧化钼复合光催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(4)中将水热反应所得产物离心,用蒸馏水和无水乙醇分别洗涤两到三次。
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