CN105940563B - 各向异性导电膜及其制造方法 - Google Patents

各向异性导电膜及其制造方法 Download PDF

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CN105940563B
CN105940563B CN201580007321.7A CN201580007321A CN105940563B CN 105940563 B CN105940563 B CN 105940563B CN 201580007321 A CN201580007321 A CN 201580007321A CN 105940563 B CN105940563 B CN 105940563B
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articulamentum
resin layer
conducting particles
anisotropic conductive
manufacturing
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CN105940563A (zh
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阿久津恭志
塚尾怜司
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Dexerials Corp
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Dexerials Corp
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Priority claimed from JP2014019864A external-priority patent/JP6217422B2/ja
Priority claimed from JP2014019865A external-priority patent/JP6260312B2/ja
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    • B32B27/06Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B27/08Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
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Abstract

各向异性导电膜具有第1连接层和在其一面上形成的第2连接层。第1连接层是光聚合树脂层,第2连接层是热或光阳离子、阴离子或自由基聚合性树脂层。第1连接层的第2连接层一侧表面上,各向异性导电连接用的导电粒子以单层排列。关于第1连接层的固化率,具有比该一面的固化率低的固化率的区域相对于第1连接层的厚度方向倾斜地存在。或者,与第1连接层的该一面的固化率相比,在第1连接层的导电粒子附近区域中与第1连接层的另一面相对近的区域的固化率低。

Description

各向异性导电膜及其制造方法
技术领域
本发明涉及各向异性导电膜及其制造方法。
背景技术
IC芯片等电子部件的安装中广泛使用各向异性导电膜,近年来,从适用于高密度安装的观点出发,以导通可靠性和绝缘性的提高、安装导电粒子捕捉率的提高、制造成本的降低等为目的,有人提出了将各向异性导电连接用的导电粒子以单层排列于绝缘性粘接层上而得的2层构造的各向异性导电膜(专利文献1)。
该2层构造的各向异性导电膜如下制造:在转印层上以单层且细密填充的方式排列导电粒子后,通过对转印层进行2轴延伸处理,形成导电粒子以既定间隔均等地排列的转印层,然后,将该转印层上的导电粒子转印到含有热固化性树脂和聚合引发剂的绝缘性树脂层上,进而在被转印的导电粒子上层压含有热固化性树脂、但不含有聚合引发剂的其他绝缘性树脂层(专利文献1)。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本专利第4789738号说明书。
发明内容
发明所要解决的课题
然而,就专利文献1的2层构造的各向异性导电膜而言,因为使用不含有聚合引发剂的绝缘性树脂层,所以,尽管以单层、既定间隔均等地排列导电粒子,通过各向异性导电连接时的加热,还是容易在不含有聚合引发剂的绝缘性树脂层上产生比较大的树脂流,导电粒子也变得容易沿着该流而流动,故而产生安装导电粒子捕捉率的降低、短路的发生、绝缘性的降低等问题。
本发明的目的是解决以上的现有技术的问题点,在具有以单层排列的导电粒子的多层构造的各向异性导电膜中实现良好的导通可靠性、良好的绝缘性和良好的安装导电粒子捕捉率。
用于解决课题的手段
本发明人发现,在光聚合性树脂层上使导电粒子以单层排列后,通过倾斜地照射紫外线或通过从至少2个方向倾斜地照射紫外线来固定化或假固定化导电粒子,进而在固定化或假固定化的导电粒子上层叠热或光阳离子、阴离子或自由基聚合性树脂层,如此得到的各向异性导电膜是能够达到上述本发明的目的的结构,从而完成了本发明。
即,本发明的第1方式提供各向异性导电膜,其是具有第1连接层和在其一面上形成的第2连接层的各向异性导电膜,其特征在于,
第1连接层是光聚合树脂层,
第2连接层是热或光阳离子、阴离子或自由基聚合性树脂层,
第1连接层的该一面上,各向异性导电连接用的导电粒子以单层排列,
关于第1连接层的固化率,具有比该一面的固化率低的固化率的区域相对于第1连接层的厚度方向倾斜地存在。
另外,本发明的第2方式提供各向异性导电膜,其是具有第1连接层和在其一面上形成的第2连接层的各向异性导电膜,其特征在于,
第1连接层是光聚合树脂层,
第2连接层是热或光阳离子、阴离子或自由基聚合性树脂层,
第1连接层的该一面上,各向异性导电连接用的导电粒子以单层排列,
与第1连接层的该一面的固化率相比,在第1连接层的导电粒子附近区域中与第1连接层的另一面相对近的区域的固化率低。
此外,本发明中,第2连接层优选是使用通过加热引发聚合反应的热聚合引发剂的热聚合性树脂层,但也可以是使用通过光引发聚合反应的光聚合引发剂的光聚合性树脂层。也可以是并用热聚合引发剂和光聚合引发剂的热光聚合性树脂层。这里,第2连接层有时限定为制造上使用热聚合引发剂的热聚合性树脂层。
对于本发明的各向异性导电膜,为了应力缓冲等防止接合体的翘曲的目的,也可以在第1连接层的另一面上具有与第2连接层大致同样结构的第3连接层。即,也可以在第1连接层的另一面上具有由热或光阳离子、阴离子或自由基聚合性树脂层构成的第3连接层。
此外,第3连接层优选是使用通过加热引发聚合反应的热聚合引发剂的热聚合性树脂层,但也可以是使用通过光引发聚合反应的光聚合引发剂的光聚合性树脂层。也可以是并用热聚合引发剂和光聚合引发剂的热光聚合性树脂层。这里,第3连接层有时限定为制造上使用热聚合引发剂的热聚合性树脂层。
另外,本发明提供上述本发明的第1方式的各向异性导电膜的制造方法,其中,所述制造方法具有通过一阶段的光聚合反应形成第1连接层的以下的工序(A)~(C)或通过二阶段的光自由基聚合反应形成第1连接层的后述的工序(AA)~(DD)。
(通过一阶段的光聚合反应形成第1连接层的情况)
工序(A)
在光聚合性树脂层上使导电粒子以单层排列的工序;
工序(B)
通过相对于排列有导电粒子的光聚合性树脂层倾斜地照射紫外线来进行光自由基聚合反应,以形成导电粒子固定化于表面的第1连接层的工序;和
工序(C)
在第1连接层的导电粒子一侧表面上形成由热或光阳离子或阴离子聚合性树脂层、或者热或光自由基聚合性树脂层构成的第2连接层的工序。
(通过二阶段的光聚合反应形成第1连接层的情况)
工序(AA)
在光聚合性树脂层上使导电粒子以单层排列的工序;
工序(BB)
通过相对于排列有导电粒子的光聚合性树脂层倾斜地照射紫外线来进行光自由基聚合反应,以形成导电粒子假固定化于表面的假第1连接层的工序;
工序(CC)
在假第1连接层的导电粒子一侧表面上形成由热阳离子、阴离子或自由基聚合性树脂层构成的第2连接层的工序;和
工序(DD)
通过从与第2连接层相反一侧对假第1连接层照射紫外线来进行光聚合反应,以使假第1连接层真正固化而形成第1连接层的工序。
另外,本发明提供上述本发明的第2方式的各向异性导电膜的制造方法,其中,所述制造方法具有通过一阶段的光聚合反应形成第1连接层的以下的工序(A′)~(C′)或通过二阶段的光聚合反应形成第1连接层的后述工序(AA′)~(DD′)。
(通过一阶段的光聚合反应形成第1连接层的情况)
工序(A′)
在光聚合性树脂层上使导电粒子以单层排列的工序;
工序(B′)
通过相对于排列有导电粒子的光聚合性树脂层从至少2个方向倾斜地照射紫外线来进行光聚合反应,以形成导电粒子固定化于表面的第1连接层的工序;和
工序(C′)
在第1连接层的导电粒子一侧表面上形成由热或光阳离子、阴离子或自由基聚合性树脂层构成的第2连接层的工序。
(通过二阶段的光聚合反应形成第1连接层的情况)
工序(AA′)
在光聚合性树脂层上使导电粒子以单层排列的工序;
工序(BB′)
通过相对于排列有导电粒子的光聚合性树脂层从至少2个方向倾斜地照射紫外线来进行光聚合反应,以形成导电粒子假固定化于表面的假第1连接层的工序;
工序(CC′)
在假第1连接层的导电粒子一侧表面上形成由热阳离子、阴离子或自由基聚合性树脂层构成的第2连接层的工序;和
工序(DD′)
通过从与第2连接层相反一侧对假第1连接层照射紫外线来进行光聚合反应,以使假第1连接层真正固化而形成第1连接层的工序。
将工序(CC)及(CC′)中形成第2连接层时使用的引发剂限定为热聚合引发剂,是为了不对作为各向异性导电膜的制品寿命、连接及连接构造体的稳定性产生不良影响。也就是说,在分二阶段对第1连接层照射紫外线时,由于其工序上的制约,有时不得不将第2连接层限定为热聚合固化性。此外,在连续进行二阶段照射时,由于可以通过与一阶段大致同样的工序形成,所以可以期待相等的作用效果。
另外,本发明提供在第1连接层的另一面上具有与第2连接层同样结构的第3连接层的各向异性导电膜的制造方法,其中,所述制造方法:除了以上的工序(A)~(C)之外在工序(C)之后(或除了工序(A′)~(C′)之外在工序(C′)之后)还具有以下的工序(Z),或除了以上的工序(AA)~(DD)之外在工序(DD)之后(或除了工序(AA′)~(DD′)之外在工序(DD′)之后)还具有以下的工序(Z)。
工序(Z)
在第1连接层的与导电粒子一侧相反的面上形成由热或光阳离子、阴离子或自由基聚合性树脂层构成的第3连接层的工序。
此外,本发明提供在第1连接层的另一面上具有与第2连接层大致同样结构的第3连接层的各向异性导电膜的制造方法,其中,所述制造方法:除了以上的工序(A)~(C)之外在工序(A)之前(或除了工序(A′)~(C′)之外在工序(A′)之前)还具有以下的工序(a),或除了以上的工序(AA)~(DD)之外在工序(AA)之前(或除了工序(AA′)~(DD′)之外在工序(AA′)之前)还具有以下的工序(a)。
工序(a)
在光聚合性树脂层的一面上形成由热或光阳离子、阴离子或自由基聚合性树脂层构成的第3连接层的工序。
此外,在具有该工序(a)的制造方法的工序(A)或工序(A′)或者工序(AA)或工序(AA′)中,在光聚合性树脂层的另一面上使导电粒子以单层排列即可。
在这样的工序中设置第3连接层时,由于上述的理由,优选将聚合引发剂限定为基于热反应的聚合引发剂。然而,只要是在设置第1连接层之后通过不对制品寿命或连接造成不良影响的方法设置含有光聚合引发剂的第2及第3连接层,就不对含有光聚合引发剂的按照本发明主旨的各向异性导电膜的制作有特别限制。
此外,第2连接层或第3连接层的任一方作为粘性层发挥功能的方式也包括在本发明中。
另外,本发明提供连接构造体,其是通过上述的各向异性导电膜使第1电子部件与第2电子部件进行各向异性导电连接而得。
发明效果
本发明的第1方式及第2方式的各向异性导电膜具有由光聚合树脂层构成的第1连接层和在其一面上形成的由热或光阳离子、阴离子或自由基聚合性树脂层构成的第2连接层,此外,第1连接层的第2连接层一侧表面上,各向异性导电连接用的导电粒子以单层排列。因此,可以将导电粒子牢固地固定化于第1连接层上。而且,本发明的第1方式的各向异性导电膜的情况下,关于第1连接层的固化率,由于倾斜地进行光照射,所以具有比其第2连接层一侧表面的固化率低的固化率的区域相对于第1连接层的厚度方向倾斜地存在。其结果是,各向异性导电连接时,由于可以使低固化率的区域及导电粒子的流动方向在倾斜方向上一致,所以可以在不损失初始导通特性或导通可靠性的情况下大幅抑制短路的发生。另外,本发明的第2方式的各向异性导电膜的情况下,由于从至少2个方向倾斜地进行紫外线的照射,所以第1连接层中的导电粒子下方(背侧)的区域因导电粒子的存在而未被充分地照射紫外线,因此固化率相对低。换言之,与第1连接层的一面(第2连接层一侧表面)的固化率相比,第1连接层的导电粒子附近区域中与第1连接层的另一面相对近的区域的固化率低。其结果是,第1连接层中的导电粒子下方(背侧)的区域显示良好的压入性(押し込み性),因此可以实现良好的导通可靠性、绝缘性、安装导电粒子捕捉率。此外,所谓第1连接层的导电粒子附近区域,是指包围导电粒子的导电粒子粒径的0.2~5倍宽度的区域。该第1连接层树脂层的固化率相对低的区域优选仅存在于第1连接层内。这是为了防止在开始连接时的压入时导电粒子偏离到连接方向以外。
此外,在各向异性导电连接利用热时,变成与通常的各向异性导电膜的连接方法同样的方法。在利用光时,进行利用连接工具的压入直到反应结束即可。在该情况下,为了促进树脂流动或粒子的压入,也多将连接工具等加热。另外,在并用热和光时,也与上述同样地进行即可。
附图说明
图1是本发明的第1方式的各向异性导电膜的截面图。
图2是本发明的第1方式的各向异性导电膜的制造工序(A)的说明图。
图3A是本发明的第1方式的各向异性导电膜的制造工序(B)的说明图。
图3B是本发明的第1方式的各向异性导电膜的制造工序(B)的说明图。
图4A是本发明的第1方式的各向异性导电膜的制造工序(C)的说明图。
图4B是本发明的第1方式的各向异性导电膜的制造工序(C)的说明图。
图5是本发明的第1方式所包含的各向异性导电膜的截面图。
图6是本发明的各向异性导电膜的制造工序(AA)的说明图。
图7A是本发明的第1方式的各向异性导电膜的制造工序(BB)的说明图。
图7B是本发明的第1方式的各向异性导电膜的制造工序(BB)的说明图。
图8A是本发明的第1方式的各向异性导电膜的制造工序(CC)的说明图。
图8B是本发明的第1方式的各向异性导电膜的制造工序(CC)的说明图。
图9A是本发明的第1方式的各向异性导电膜的制造工序(DD)的说明图。
图9B是本发明的第1方式的各向异性导电膜的制造工序(DD)的说明图。
图10是本发明的第2方式的各向异性导电膜的截面图。
图11是本发明的第2方式的各向异性导电膜的制造工序(A′)的说明图。
图12A是本发明的第2方式的各向异性导电膜的制造工序(B′)的说明图。
图12B是本发明的第2方式的各向异性导电膜的制造工序(B′)的说明图。
图13A是本发明的第2方式的各向异性导电膜的制造工序(C′)的说明图。
图13B是本发明的第2方式的各向异性导电膜的制造工序(C′)的说明图。
图14是本发明的第2方式的各向异性导电膜的截面图。
图15是本发明的第2方式的各向异性导电膜的制造工序(AA′)的说明图。
图16A是本发明的第2方式的各向异性导电膜的制造工序(BB′)的说明图。
图16B是本发明的第2方式的各向异性导电膜的制造工序(BB′)的说明图。
图17A是本发明的第2方式的各向异性导电膜的制造工序(CC′)的说明图。
图17B是本发明的第2方式的各向异性导电膜的制造工序(CC′)的说明图。
图18A是本发明的第2方式的各向异性导电膜的制造工序(DD′)的说明图。
图18B是本发明的第2方式的各向异性导电膜的制造工序(DD′)的说明图。
具体实施方式
<<本发明的各向异性导电膜>>
以下,详细说明本发明的第1方式及第2方式的各向异性导电膜(以下,有时仅称为本发明的各向异性导电膜)的优选的一个例子。
图1所示的本发明的第1方式的各向异性导电膜1以及图10所示的本发明的第2方式的各向异性导电膜1具有:在由使光聚合性树脂层进行光聚合而得的光聚合树脂层构成的第1连接层2的一面上形成有由热或光阳离子、阴离子或自由基聚合性树脂层构成的第2连接层3的构造。而且,第1连接层2的第2连接层3一侧的表面2a上,为了各向异性导电连接,导电粒子4以单层排列,优选均等地排列。这里,均等意指导电粒子在平面方向上排列的状态。对于该规则性,也可以以一定的间隔设置。
<第1连接层2>
构成本发明的各向异性导电膜1的第1连接层2是使光阳离子、阴离子或自由基聚合性树脂层等的光聚合性树脂层进行光聚合而得的光聚合树脂层,因此可以使导电粒子固定化。另外,由于是聚合状态,所以,即使在各向异性导电连接时进行加热,树脂也难以流动,故而能够大幅抑制短路的发生,因此可以提高导通可靠性和绝缘性,且还可以提高安装粒子捕捉率。特别优选第1连接层2是使含有丙烯酸酯化合物和光自由基聚合引发剂的光自由基聚合性树脂层进行光自由基聚合而得的光自由基聚合树脂层。以下,就第1连接层2是光自由基聚合树脂层的情况进行说明。
(丙烯酸酯化合物)
作为变成丙烯酸酯单元的丙烯酸酯化合物,可以使用以往公知的光自由基聚合性丙烯酸酯。例如,可以使用单官能(甲基)丙烯酸酯(这里,(甲基)丙烯酸酯中包括丙烯酸酯和甲基丙烯酸酯)、二官能以上的多官能(甲基)丙烯酸酯。本发明中,为了使粘接剂为热固化性,优选丙烯系单体的至少一部分使用多官能(甲基)丙烯酸酯。
就第1连接层2中的丙烯酸酯化合物的含量而言,过少则存在难以赋予与第2连接层3的粘度之差的倾向,过多则存在固化收缩大而操作性降低的倾向,因此优选为2~70质量%,更优选为10~50质量%。
(光自由基聚合引发剂)
作为光自由基聚合引发剂,可以从公知的光自由基聚合引发剂中适当选择使用。例如,可以列举苯乙酮类光聚合引发剂、苯甲基缩酮类光聚合引发剂、磷类光聚合引发剂等。
就光自由基聚合引发剂的使用量而言,相对于丙烯酸酯化合物100质量份,过少则光自由基聚合不充分进行,过多则成为刚性降低的原因,因此优选为0.1~25质量份,更优选为0.5~15质量份。
(导电粒子)
作为导电粒子,可以从以往公知的用于各向异性导电膜的导电粒子中适当选择使用。例如,可列举:镍、钴、银、铜、金、钯等金属粒子,金属包覆树脂粒子等。也能够并用2种以上。
作为导电粒子的平均粒径,过小则存在不能够吸收布线的高度偏差而电阻变高的倾向,过大也存在成为短路的原因的倾向,因此优选为1~10μm,更优选为2~6μm。
就这样的导电粒子在第1连接层2中的粒子量而言,过少则安装导电粒子捕捉数降低而各向异性导电连接变难,过多则有短路之虞,因此优选为每1平方mm为50~50000个,更优选为200~30000个。
根据需要,可以在第1连接层2中并用苯氧基树脂、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂、饱和聚酯树脂、聚氨酯树脂、丁二烯树脂、聚酰亚胺树脂、聚酰胺树脂、聚烯烃树脂等的成膜树脂。第2连接层及第3连接层中也可同样地并用。
就第1连接层2的层厚而言,过薄则存在安装导电粒子捕捉率降低的倾向,过厚则存在导通电阻变高的倾向,因此优选为1.0~6.0μm,更优选为2.0~5.0μm。
第1连接层2中还可以含有环氧化合物和热或光阳离子或阴离子聚合引发剂。在该情况下,如后所述,优选第2连接层3也为含有环氧化合物和热或光阳离子或阴离子聚合引发剂的热或光阳离子或阴离子聚合性树脂层。由此,可以提高层间剥离强度。对于环氧化合物和热或光阳离子或阴离子聚合引发剂,通过第2连接层3进行说明。
第1连接层2中,如图1(或图10)所示,优选导电粒子4陷入第2连接层3中(换言之,导电粒子4在第1连接层2的表面上露出)。这是因为,若导电粒子全部埋入第1连接层2中,则有导通电阻变高之虞。就陷入的程度而言,过小则存在安装导电粒子捕捉率降低的倾向,过大则存在导通电阻变高的倾向,因此优选为导电粒子的平均粒径的10~90%,更优选为20~80%。
另外,图1所示的本发明的第1方式的各向异性导电膜的第1连接层2中,由于倾斜地进行光照射,所以具有比第2连接层一侧的第1连接层的表面的固化率低的固化率的区域在第1连接层的厚度方向上倾斜地存在。由此,在各向异性导电连接的热压接时,容易排除第1连接层的区域2X,提高导通可靠性。这里,固化率是定义为乙烯基的减少比率的数值,第1连接层的区域2X的固化率优选为40~80%,第1连接层的区域2Y的固化率优选为70~100%。
另外,图10所示的本发明的第2方式的各向异性导电膜的第1连接层2中,与第1连接层2的一面(第2连接层一侧表面)(第1连接层的区域2Y)的固化率相比,优选第1连接层2的导电粒子附近区域中与第1连接层2的另一面(最外表面2b)相对近的区域(第1连接层的区域2X)的固化率低。由此,在各向异性导电连接的热压接时,容易排除第1连接层的区域2X,提高导通可靠性。这里,固化率是定义为乙烯基的减少比率的数值,第1连接层的区域2X的固化率优选为40~80%,第1连接层的区域2Y的固化率优选为70~100%。
此外,对于形成第1连接层2时的光自由基聚合,可以以一阶段(即,一次光照射)进行,也可以以二阶段(即,二次光照射)进行。在该情况下,对于第二阶段的光照射,优选在第1连接层2的一面上形成第2连接层3之后,在含氧气氛(大气中)下从第1连接层2的另一面侧进行。由此,可以期待下述效果:自由基聚合反应受到氧阻碍,未固化成分的表面浓度变高,可以提高粘性。另外,通过以二阶段进行固化,也使聚合反应复杂化,因此,还可以期待树脂或粒子的流动性的精细控制成为可能。
这样的二阶段的光自由基聚合中的第1连接层的区域2X在第一阶段中的固化率优选为10~50%,第二阶段中的固化率优选为40~80%,第1连接层的区域2Y在第一阶段中的固化率优选为30~90%,第二阶段中的固化率优选为70~100%。
另外,在形成第1连接层2时的光自由基聚合反应以二阶段进行时,作为自由基聚合引发剂也可以仅使用1种,但由于粘性提高而优选使用引发自由基反应的波长范围不同的2种光自由基聚合引发剂。例如,优选并用:通过来自LED光源的波长365nm的光引发自由基反应的光自由基聚合引发剂(例如,IRGACURE369,BASFJapan(株)),和通过来自高压水银灯光源的光引发自由基反应的光自由基聚合引发剂(例如,IRGACURE2959,BASFJapan(株))。这样,通过使用2种不同的光自由基聚合引发剂使树脂的结合复杂化,因此,可更精细地控制连接时树脂的热流动行为。这是因为,在各向异性导电连接的压入时,粒子容易受到在厚度方向上施加的力,但由于面方向上的流动受到抑制,所以更容易表现本发明的效果。
另外,第1连接层2的经流变仪测定时的最低熔融粘度比第2连接层3的最低熔融粘度高,具体而言,[第1连接层2的最低熔融粘度(mPa・s)]/[第2连接层3的最低熔融粘度(mPa・s)]的数值优选为1~1000,更优选为4~400。此外,就各自的优选最低熔融粘度而言,前者为100~100000mPa・s,更优选为500~50000mPa・s。后者优选为0.1~10000mPa・s,更优选为0.5~1000mPa・s。
第1连接层2的形成可如下进行:在含有光自由基聚合性丙烯酸酯和光自由基聚合引发剂的光自由基聚合性树脂层上,通过膜转印法、模具转印法、喷墨法、静电附着法等方法附着导电粒子,从导电粒子侧、其相反侧或两侧照射紫外线。特别是,从可以将第1连接层的区域2X的固化率抑制为相对低的方面出发,优选仅从导电粒子侧照射紫外线。
<第2连接层3>
第2连接层3由热或光阳离子、阴离子或自由基聚合性树脂层构成,优选由含有环氧化合物和热或光阳离子或阴离子聚合引发剂的热或光阳离子或阴离子聚合性树脂层构成,或由含有丙烯酸酯化合物和热或光自由基聚合引发剂的热或光自由基聚合性树脂层构成。这里,由热聚合性树脂层形成第2连接层3在生产的简便性及质量稳定性方面优选,因为不会由于形成第1连接层2时的紫外线照射而产生第2连接层3的聚合反应。
在第2连接层3是热或光阳离子或阴离子聚合性树脂层时,还可以含有丙烯酸酯化合物和热或光自由基聚合引发剂。由此,可以提高第1连接层2和层间剥离强度。
(环氧化合物)
在第2连接层3是含有环氧化合物和热或光阳离子或阴离子聚合引发剂的热或光阳离子或阴离子聚合性树脂层时,作为环氧化合物,可优选列举出在分子内具有2个以上的环氧基的化合物或树脂。它们可以是液状,也可以是固体状。
(热阳离子聚合引发剂)
作为热阳离子聚合引发剂,可以采用作为环氧化合物的热阳离子聚合引发剂公知的引发剂,例如,可以使用通过热使阳离子聚合性化合物进行阳离子聚合而产生得到的酸的公知的碘鎓盐、硫鎓盐、磷鎓盐、二茂铁类等,可以优选使用对温度显示良好的潜在性的芳香族硫鎓盐。
就热阳离子聚合引发剂的掺混量而言,过少则存在固化不良的倾向,过多则存在制品寿命降低的倾向,因此,相对于环氧化合物100质量份,优选为2~60质量份,更优选为5~40质量份。
(热阴离子聚合引发剂)
作为热阴离子聚合引发剂,可以采用作为环氧化合物的热阴离子聚合引发剂而公知的引发剂,例如,可以使用通过热使阴离子聚合性化合物进行阴离子聚合而产生得到的碱的公知的脂肪族胺类化合物、芳香族胺类化合物、二级或三级胺类化合物、咪唑类化合物、聚硫醇类化合物、三氟化硼-胺络合物、双氰胺、有机酰肼等,可以优选使用对温度显示良好的潜在性的胶囊化咪唑类化合物。
就热阴离子聚合引发剂的掺混量而言,过少则存在固化不良的倾向,过多则存在制品寿命降低的倾向,因此,相对于环氧化合物100质量份,优选为2~60质量份,更优选为5~40质量份。
(光阳离子聚合引发剂及光阴离子聚合引发剂)
作为环氧化合物用的光阳离子聚合引发剂或光阴离子聚合引发剂,可以适当使用公知的引发剂。
(丙烯酸酯化合物)
在第2连接层3是含有丙烯酸酯化合物和热或光自由基聚合引发剂的热或光自由基聚合性树脂层时,作为丙烯酸酯化合物,可以从关于第1连接层2说明的那些中适当选择使用。
(热自由基聚合引发剂)
另外,作为热自由基聚合引发剂,例如,可列举有机过氧化物或偶氮类化合物等,但可优选使用不发生成为气泡的原因的氮的有机过氧化物。
就热自由基聚合引发剂的使用量而言,过少则固化不良,过多则制品寿命降低,因此,相对于丙烯酸酯化合物100质量份,优选为2~60质量份,更优选为5~40质量份。
(光自由基聚合引发剂)
作为丙烯酸酯化合物用的光自由基聚合引发剂,可以使用公知的光自由基聚合引发剂。
就光自由基聚合引发剂的使用量而言,过少则固化不良,过多则制品寿命降低,因此,相对于丙烯酸酯化合物100质量份,优选为2~60质量份,更优选为5~40质量份。
(第3连接层5)
以上,对图1及图10的2层构造的各向异性导电膜进行了说明,但如图5及图14所示,也可以在第1连接层2的另一面上形成第3连接层5。由此,可得到更精细地控制层整体的流动性成为可能的效果。这里,作为第3连接层5,也可使其与上述的第2连接层3为相同结构。即,第3连接层5与第2连接层3同样,由热或光阳离子、阴离子或自由基聚合性树脂层构成。对于这样的第3连接层5,可以在第1连接层的一面上形成第2连接层之后在第1连接层的另一面上形成,也可以在形成第2连接层前,在第1连接层或作为其前体的光聚合性树脂层的另一面(未形成第2连接层的面)上预先形成第3连接层。
<<本发明的第1方式的各向异性导电膜的制造方法>>
对于本发明的第1方式的各向异性导电膜的制造方法,可列举进行一阶段的光聚合反应的制造方法和进行二阶段的光聚合反应的制造方法。
<进行一阶段的光聚合反应的制造方法>
说明以一阶段进行光聚合来制造图1(图4B)的各向异性导电膜的一个例子。该制造例具有以下的工序(A)~(C)。
(工序(A))
如图2所示,在根据需要于剥离膜30上形成的光聚合性树脂层31上,以单层排列导电粒子4。作为导电粒子4的排列方法,无特别限制,可以采用:日本专利第4789738号的实施例1的对未延伸聚丙烯膜利用2轴延伸操作的方法,和日本特开2010-33793号公报的使用模具的方法等。此外,作为排列的程度,考虑到连接对象的尺寸、导通可靠性、绝缘性、安装导电粒子捕捉率等,优选在2维上相互间隔1~100μm程度地排列。
(工序(B))
接着,如图3A所示,相对于排列有导电粒子4的光聚合性树脂层31,通过使用LED光源等从导电粒子侧倾斜地照射紫外线(UV)来进行光聚合反应,以形成导电粒子4固定化于表面的第1连接层2。由此,如图3B所示,可以使位于导电粒子4和第1连接层2的最外表面之间的倾斜的第1连接层的区域2X的固化率与位于相互邻接的导电粒子4间的第1连接层的区域2Y的固化率相比降低。照射时,可根据需要以脉冲状照射紫外线,也可设置遮光器进行照射。通过这样做,粒子的背侧的固化性可靠地变低,可以使接合时的压入容易,且使导电粒子的流动方向在倾斜方向上一致,可以防止多个导电粒子过度连结,可以抑制短路的发生。
所谓倾斜地照射紫外线,是指相对于光聚合性树脂层31以倾斜角θ照射紫外线。该倾斜角θ为0°<θ<90°,优选为30°≤θ≤60°。在该情况下,优选在与各向异性导电膜的长度方向正交的方向上倾斜。这样,可以使导电粒子的流动方向和凸点的长度方向(即,各向异性导电膜的宽度方向)一致。在该情况下,优选地,掩蔽各向异性导电膜的长度方向的光聚合性树脂层的左半部分,相对于右半部分,以向着各向异性导电膜的右边产生流动的方式倾斜地照射紫外线,接着,掩蔽右半部分,相对于左半部分,以向着各向异性导电膜的左边产生流动的方式倾斜地照射紫外线。
(工序(C))
接着,如图4A所示,在第1连接层2的导电粒子4一侧表面上形成由热或光阳离子、阴离子或自由基聚合性树脂层构成的第2连接层3。作为具体的一个例子,将在剥离膜40上通过常法形成的第2连接层3载置于第1连接层2的导电粒子4一侧表面上,热压接至不产生过度的热聚合的程度。然后,通过除掉剥离膜30和40,可得到图4B的各向异性导电膜。
此外,图5的各向异性导电膜100可通过在工序(C)之后实施以下的工序(Z)来得到。
(工序(Z))
在第1连接层的与导电粒子一侧相反的面上,优选与第2连接层同样地,形成由热或光阳离子、阴离子或自由基聚合性树脂层构成的第3连接层。由此,可得到图5的各向异性导电膜。
另外,图5的各向异性导电膜100也可在不进行工序(Z)的情况下通过在工序(A)之前实施以下的工序(a)来得到。
(工序(a))
该工序是在光聚合性树脂层的一面上形成由热或光阳离子、阴离子或自由基聚合性树脂层构成的第3连接层的工序。通过在该工序(a)之后继续实施工序(A)、(B)及(C),可得到图5的各向异性导电膜100。其中,工序(A)中,在光自由基聚合性树脂层的另一面上使导电粒子以单层排列。
(进行二阶段的光自由基聚合反应的制造方法)
接着,说明以二阶段进行光聚合来制造图1(图4B)的各向异性导电膜的一个例子。该制造例具有以下的工序(AA)~(DD)。
(工序(AA))
如图6所示,在根据需要于剥离膜30上形成的光聚合性树脂层31上,以单层排列导电粒子4。作为导电粒子4的排列方法,无特别限制,可以采用:日本专利第4789738号的实施例1的对未延伸聚丙烯膜利用2轴延伸操作的方法,和日本特开2010-33793号公报的使用模具的方法等。此外,作为排列的程度,考虑到连接对象的尺寸、导通可靠性、绝缘性、安装导电粒子捕捉率等,优选在2维上相互间隔1~100μm程度地排列。
(工序(BB))
接着,如图7A所示,相对于排列有导电粒子4的光聚合性树脂层31,通过从导电粒子侧倾斜地照射紫外线(UV)来进行光自由基聚合反应,以形成导电粒子4假固定化于表面的假第1连接层20。由此,如图7B所示,可以使位于导电粒子4和假第1连接层20的最外表面之间的倾斜的假第1连接层的区域2X的固化率与位于相互邻接的导电粒子4间的假第1连接层的区域2Y的固化率相比降低。
(工序(CC))
接着,如图8A所示,在假第1连接层20的导电粒子4一侧表面上形成由热阳离子、阴离子或自由基聚合性树脂层构成的第2连接层3。作为具体的一个例子,将在剥离膜40上通过常法形成的第2连接层3载置于第1连接层2的导电粒子4一侧表面上,热压接至不产生过度的热聚合的程度。然后,通过除掉剥离膜30和40,可得到图8B的假各向异性导电膜50。
(工序(DD))
接着,如图9A所示,通过使用LED光源等从与第2连接层3相反一侧对假第1连接层20照射紫外线来进行光自由基聚合反应,以使假第1连接层20真正固化而形成第1连接层2。由此,可得到图9B的各向异性导电膜1。该工序中的紫外线的照射优选从相对于假第1连接层垂直的方向进行。另外,优选地,以第1连接层的区域2X和2Y的固化率差不消失的方式,隔着掩模照射,或者通过照射部位设置照射光量的差。
此外,以2阶段进行光自由基聚合时,图5的各向异性导电膜100可以通过在工序(DD)之后实施以下的工序(Z)来得到。
(工序(Z))
在第1连接层的与导电粒子一侧相反的面上,优选与第2连接层同样地,形成由热或光阳离子、阴离子或自由基聚合性树脂层构成的第3连接层。由此,可得到图5的各向异性导电膜。
另外,图5的各向异性导电膜100也可在不进行工序(Z)的情况下通过在工序(AA)之前实施以下的工序(a)来得到。
(工序(a))
该工序是在光聚合性树脂层的一面上形成由热或光阳离子、阴离子或自由基聚合性树脂层构成的第3连接层的工序。通过在该工序(a)之后继续实施工序(AA)~(DD),可得到图5的各向异性导电膜100。其中,工序(AA)中,在光聚合性树脂层的另一面上使导电粒子以单层排列。在该情况下,作为形成第2连接层时使用的聚合引发剂,优选适用热聚合引发剂。在光聚合引发剂的情况下,存在工序上对作为各向异性导电膜的制品寿命、连接及连接构造体的稳定性造成不良影响之虞。
<<本发明的第2方式的各向异性导电膜的制造方法>>
对于本发明的第2方式的各向异性导电膜的制造方法,与第1方式的各向异性导电膜的制造方法同样地,可列举进行一阶段的光聚合反应的制造方法和进行二阶段的光聚合反应的制造方法。
<进行一阶段的光聚合反应的制造方法>
说明以一阶段进行光聚合来制造图10(图13B)的各向异性导电膜的一个例子。该制造例具有以下的工序(A′)~(C′)。
(工序(A′))
如图11所示,在根据需要于剥离膜30上形成的光聚合性树脂层31上,以单层排列导电粒子4。作为导电粒子4的排列方法,无特别限制,可以采用:日本专利第4789738号的实施例1的对未延伸聚丙烯膜利用2轴延伸操作的方法,和日本特开2010-33793号公报的使用模具的方法等。此外,作为排列的程度,考虑到连接对象的尺寸、导通可靠性、绝缘性、安装导电粒子捕捉率等,优选在2维上相互间隔1~100μm程度地排列。
(工序(B′))
接着,如图12A所示,相对于排列有导电粒子4的光聚合性树脂层31,通过使用LED光源等从导电粒子侧从至少2个方向倾斜地照射紫外线(UV)来进行光聚合反应,以形成导电粒子4固定化于表面的第1连接层2。由此,如图12B所示,可以使位于导电粒子4和第1连接层2的最外表面之间的第1连接层的区域2X(换言之,第1连接层的导电粒子背侧区域)的固化率与位于相互邻接的导电粒子4间的第1连接层的区域2Y的固化率相比降低。换言之,第1连接层2中,与第2连接层一侧的第1连接层2的区域2Y的固化率相比,可以使第1连接层2的导电粒子附近区域中与第1连接层2的另一面(最外表面2b)相对近的区域(第1连接层的区域2X)的固化率低。通过这样做,第1连接层的导电粒子背侧区域的固化率可靠地变低,可以使接合时的压入容易,且还可防止导电粒子的流动。
“从至少2个方向倾斜地”中的方向是相互交叉的方向,这些方向也可不在相同面内。2个方向的情况下,优选在相对于光聚合性树脂层31垂直的平面内线对称地倾斜。相对于光聚合性树脂层31,倾斜角θ优选为0°<θ≤90°,更优选为30°≤θ≤60°。此外,多个方向优选具有相同倾斜角,但也可以具有不同倾斜角。例如,可列举一个倾斜角θ为30°而另一个倾斜角θ为60°的情况或一个为90°而另一个为30°的情况等。这样,通过从2个方向以上倾斜地进行光照射,可以使作为固化率相对低的区域的第1连接层的区域2X局部存在于导电粒子的背侧区域。另外,通过使2个方向的倾斜角度不对称,也可以控制第1连接层的区域2X的位置。
(工序(C′))
接着,如图13A所示,在第1连接层2的导电粒子4一侧表面上形成由热或光阳离子、阴离子或自由基聚合性树脂层构成的第2连接层3。作为具体的一个例子,将在剥离膜40上通过常法形成的第2连接层3载置于第1连接层2的导电粒子4一侧表面上,热压接至不产生过度的热聚合的程度。然后,通过除掉剥离膜30和40,可得到图13B的各向异性导电膜。
此外,图14的各向异性导电膜100可通过在工序(C′)之后与本发明的第1方式的各向异性导电膜的制造方法同样地实施以下的工序(Z)来得到。
(工序(Z))
在第1连接层的与导电粒子一侧相反的面上,优选与第2连接层同样地,形成由热或光阳离子、阴离子或自由基聚合性树脂层构成的第3连接层。由此,可得到图14的各向异性导电膜。
另外,图14的各向异性导电膜100也可与本发明的第1方式的各向异性导电膜的制造方法同样地,通过在不进行工序(Z)的情况下在工序(A′)之前实施以下的工序(a)来得到。
(工序(a))
该工序是在光聚合性树脂层的一面上形成由热或光阳离子、阴离子或自由基聚合性树脂层构成的第3连接层的工序。通过在该工序(a)之后继续实施工序(A′)、(B′)及(C′),可得到图14的各向异性导电膜100。其中,工序(A′)中,在光聚合性树脂层的另一面上使导电粒子以单层排列。
(进行二阶段的光聚合反应的制造方法)
接着,说明以二阶段进行光聚合来制造图10(图13B)的各向异性导电膜的一个例子。该制造例具有以下的工序(AA′)~(DD′)。
(工序(AA′))
如图15所示,在根据需要于剥离膜30上形成的光聚合性树脂层31上,以单层排列导电粒子4。作为导电粒子4的排列方法,无特别限制,可以采用:日本专利第4789738号的实施例1的对未延伸聚丙烯膜利用2轴延伸操作的方法,和日本特开2010-33793号公报的使用模具的方法等。此外,作为排列的程度,考虑到连接对象的尺寸、导通可靠性、绝缘性、安装导电粒子捕捉率等,优选在2维上相互间隔1~100μm程度地排列。
(工序(BB′))
接着,如图16A所示,相对于排列有导电粒子4的光聚合性树脂层31,通过从导电粒子侧从至少2个方向倾斜地照射紫外线(UV)来进行光聚合反应,以形成导电粒子4假固定化于表面的假第1连接层20。由此,如图16B所示,可以使位于导电粒子4和假第1连接层20的最外表面之间的假第1连接层的区域2X的固化率与位于相互邻接的导电粒子4间的假第1连接层的区域2Y的固化率相比降低。换言之,第1连接层20中,与假第1连接层20的一面(第2连接层一侧表面)(假第1连接层的区域2Y)的固化率相比,可以使假第1连接层20的导电粒子附近区域中与假第1连接层20的另一面(最外表面2b)相对近的区域(假第1连接层的区域2X)的固化率低。
(工序(CC′))
接着,如图17A所示,在假第1连接层20的导电粒子4侧表面上形成由热阳离子、阴离子或自由基聚合性树脂层构成的第2连接层3。作为具体的一个例子,将在剥离膜40上通过常法形成的第2连接层3载置于第1连接层2的导电粒子4一侧表面上,热压接至不产生过度的热聚合的程度。然后,通过除掉剥离膜30和40,可得到图17B的假各向异性导电膜50。
(工序(DD′))
接着,如图18A所示,通过使用LED光源等从与第2连接层3相反一侧对假第1连接层20照射紫外线来进行光聚合反应,以使假第1连接层20真正固化而形成第1连接层2。由此,可得到图18B的各向异性导电膜1。该工序中的紫外线的照射优选从相对于假第1连接层20垂直的方向进行。另外,优选地,以第1连接层的区域2X和2Y的固化率差不消失的方式,隔着掩模照射,或者通过照射部位设置照射光量的差。
此外,以2阶段进行光聚合时,图14的各向异性导电膜100可以与本发明的第1方式的各向异性导电膜的制造方法同样地通过在工序(DD′)之后实施以下的工序(Z)来得到。
(工序(Z))
在第1连接层的与导电粒子一侧相反的面上,优选与第2连接层同样地,形成由热或光阳离子、阴离子或自由基聚合性树脂层构成的第3连接层。由此,可得到图5的各向异性导电膜。
另外,图14的各向异性导电膜100也可与本发明的第1方式的各向异性导电膜的制造方法同样地在不进行工序(Z)的情况下通过在工序(AA′)之前实施以下的工序(a)来得到。
(工序(a))
该工序是在光聚合性树脂层的一面上形成由热或光阳离子、阴离子或自由基聚合性树脂层构成的第3连接层的工序。通过在该工序(a)之后继续实施工序(AA′)~(DD′),可得到图14的各向异性导电膜100。其中,工序(AA′)中,在光聚合性树脂层的另一面上使导电粒子以单层排列。在该情况下,作为形成第2连接层时使用的聚合引发剂,优选适用热聚合引发剂。在光聚合引发剂的情况下,存在工序上对作为各向异性导电膜的制品寿命、连接及连接构造体的稳定性造成不良影响之虞。
<<连接构造体>>
这样得到的本发明的各向异性导电膜可在对IC芯片、IC模块等的第1电子部件和柔性基板、玻璃基板等的第2电子部件进行各向异性导电连接时优选地适用。这样得到的连接构造体也是本发明的一部分。此外,从提高导通可靠性的方面出发,优选地,将各向异性导电膜的第1连接层一侧配置于柔性基板等的第2电子部件一侧,并将第2连接层一侧配置于IC芯片等的第1电子部件一侧。
实施例
以下,通过实施例更具体地说明本发明。
实施例1~3、比较例1
按照日本专利第4789738号的实施例1(导电粒子的均等配置)的操作,进行导电粒子的排列,同时遵照表1所示的掺混(质量份),制成了第1连接层和第2连接层层叠而成的2层构造的各向异性导电膜。
(第1连接层)
具体而言,首先,将丙烯酸酯化合物及光自由基聚合引发剂等在乙酸乙酯或甲苯中制备成固体成分为50质量%的混合液。将该混合液涂覆在厚度50μm的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯膜上,使干燥厚度为5μm,在80℃的烘箱中干燥5分钟,从而形成了作为第1连接层的前体层的光自由基聚合性树脂层。
接着,相对于得到的自由基聚合性树脂层,将平均粒径4μm的导电粒子(镀Ni/Au树脂粒子,AUL704,积水化学工业(株))以相互间隔4μm且单层的方式排列。进而,从该导电粒子侧相对于光自由基聚合性树脂层,以表1记载的角度在与各向异性导电膜的长度方向正交的方向上照射来自LED光源的波长365nm、累积光量4000mJ/cm2的紫外线,从而形成了导电粒子固定于表面的第1连接层。在比较例1中,从导电粒子侧以相对于光自由基聚合性树脂层呈90°的角度照射紫外线。
(第2连接层)
将热固化性树脂及潜在性固化剂等在乙酸乙酯或甲苯中制备成固体成分为50质量%的混合液。将该混合液涂覆于厚度50μm的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯膜上,使干燥厚度为12μm,在80℃的烘箱中干燥5分钟,从而形成了第2连接层。
(各向异性导电膜)
通过将这样得到的第1连接层和第2连接层以导电粒子位于内侧的方式层压,得到了各向异性导电膜。
(连接构造体样品)
使用得到的各向异性导电膜,将0.5×1.8×20.0mm大小的IC芯片(凸点(bump)尺寸30×85μm:凸点高度15μm,凸点间距50μm)在50℃、5MPa、1秒的条件下临时贴合在0.5×50×30mm大小的Corning公司制的玻璃布线基板(1737F)上,进而在180℃、80MPa、5秒的条件下安装,得到了连接构造体样品。
(实验评价)
对于得到的连接构造体样品,如以下说明地,进行“安装导电粒子捕捉效率”、“各向异性导电连接时的导电粒子的方向性”、“初始导通电阻”、“老化后的导通电阻”、“短路发生率”的实验及评价。得到的结果示于表1。
“安装导电粒子捕捉率”
安装时,求得加热加压后实际捕捉的粒子量相对于加热加压前的连接构造体样品的凸点上存在的理论粒子量的比例。对于粒子量,使用光学显微镜进行计数。实际使用上,优选为50%以上。
“各向异性导电连接时的导电粒子的方向性”
通过光学显微镜观测各向异性导电连接后的凸点所捕捉的导电粒子,通过LED的倾斜研究了是否得到流动方向的均匀性。对2个以上连结的导电粒子组计数100个单元(总计200个),这些中,将70%以上方向一致的计为“均匀”,不足的计为“随机”。
“初始导通电阻”
使用数字万用表(Agilent Technologies(株)),测定了连接构造体样品的导通电阻值。
“老化后的导通电阻”
将连接构造体样品在85℃、85%RH的高温高湿环境下放置500小时,然后使用数字万用表(Agilent Technologies(株))测定了导通电阻。实际使用上,优选为4Ω以下。
“短路发生率”
求得7.5μm间隔的梳齿TEG图案的短路发生率。实际使用上,只要为100ppm以下,就可判断为绝缘性良好。
由表1可知,对于实施例1~3的各向异性导电膜,其制造时倾斜地进行UV照射,因此,与比较例1相比,不仅安装导电粒子捕捉率略有提高,而且可使各向异性导电连接时的导电粒子的流动方向性均匀地一致。由此可知,与比较例相比,可以大幅降低短路的发生率。
实施例4~9、比较例2~3
按照日本专利第4789738号的实施例1的操作,进行导电粒子的排列,同时遵照表1所示的掺混(质量份),制成了第1连接层和第2连接层层叠而成的2层构造的各向异性导电膜。
(第1连接层)
具体而言,首先,将丙烯酸酯化合物及光自由基聚合引发剂等在乙酸乙酯或甲苯中制备成固体成分为50质量%的混合液。将该混合液涂覆在厚度50μm的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯膜上,使干燥厚度为5μm,在80℃的烘箱中干燥5分钟,从而形成了作为第1连接层的前体层的光自由基聚合性树脂层。
接着,相对于得到的光自由基聚合性树脂层,将平均粒径4μm的导电粒子(镀Ni/Au树脂粒子,AUL704,积水化学工业(株))以相互间隔4μm且单层的方式排列。进而,从该导电粒子侧相对于光自由基聚合性树脂层,以表2所示的方向和角度照射来自LED光源的波长365nm、累积光量4000mJ/cm2的紫外线,从而形成了导电粒子固定于表面的第1连接层。
此外,实施例4~6中,从导电粒子侧相对于光自由基聚合性树脂层,在垂直的平面内从分别60°的角度且夹角为60°的2个方向照射紫外线。实施例7中,从导电粒子侧相对于光自由基聚合性树脂层,在垂直的平面内从60°和30°的角度且夹角为90°的2个方向照射紫外线。实施例8中,从导电粒子侧相对于光自由基聚合性树脂层,在垂直的平面内从90°和30°的角度且夹角为60°的2个方向照射紫外线。实施例9中,从导电粒子侧相对于光自由基聚合性树脂层,在垂直的平面内从90°的方向和60°的角度且夹角为30°的2个方向照射紫外线。比较例2中,从光自由基聚合性树脂层的背面(未排列导电粒子的一侧的表面)以90°的角度照射紫外线。比较例3中,相反地,从导电粒子侧相对于光自由基聚合性树脂层,以90°的一个方向照射紫外线。
(第2连接层)
将热固化性树脂及潜在性固化剂等在乙酸乙酯或甲苯中制备成固体成分为50质量%的混合液。将该混合液涂覆于厚度50μm的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯膜上,使干燥厚度为12μm,在80℃的烘箱中干燥5分钟,从而形成了第2连接层。
(各向异性导电膜)
通过将这样得到的第1连接层和第2连接层以导电粒子位于内侧的方式层压,得到了各向异性导电膜。
(连接构造体样品)
使用得到的各向异性导电膜,将0.5×1.8×20.0mm大小的IC芯片(凸点尺寸30×85μm:凸点高度15μm,凸点间距50μm)在50℃、5MPa、1秒的条件临时贴合在0.5×50×30mm大小的Corning公司制的玻璃布线基板(1737F)上,进而在180℃、80MPa、5秒的条件下安装,得到了连接构造体样品。
(实验评价)
对于得到的连接构造体样品,为了研究连接时的凸点平面内的导电粒子的行为,如以下说明地,研究了“第1连接层的固化率为90%以上的厚度比例(%)”、“凸点边缘载置的导电粒子的比例(%)”及“凸点平面内的平均导电粒子间距离(μm)”。得到的结果示于表2。
“第1连接层的固化率为90%以上的厚度比例(%)”
通过截面研磨,使第1连接层的截面从连接构造体样品露出,IR测定露出的导电粒子附近有无乙烯基,求得固化率为90%以上的区域的厚度相对于总厚度的比例。
“凸点边缘载置的导电粒子的比例(%)”
在制成连接构造体样品时,使用光学显微镜对临时贴合时凸点边缘(凸点的6μm宽度的外缘部)载置的导电粒子数进行计数,另外,对安装后存在于相同外缘部的导电粒子数进行计数,求得安装后的导电粒子数相对于临时贴合时的导电粒子数的比例。
“凸点平面内的平均导电粒子间距离(μm)”
对于连接构造体样品的凸点平面内的100个导电粒子,使用光学显微镜测定导电粒子的相互间距离,求出测定结果的算术平均,作为平均导电粒子间距离。
[表2]
由表2可知,对于实施例4~9的各向异性导电膜,第1连接层中的导电粒子附近区域的下方(与第2连接层相反一侧的第1连接层表面方向)的区域中,固化率为90%以上的厚度比例为20~90%,因此,可以以在安装时导电粒子不发生位置偏离的方式(换言之,抑制向平面方向的运动的同时)良好地压入导电粒子,其结果是,凸点上的导电粒子间距离难以变化,导电粒子从凸点边缘流出到凸点外的比例大幅减少。由此可知,可以实现良好的导通可靠性、良好的绝缘性及良好的安装导电粒子捕捉率。
与之相比,对于比较例2的各向异性导电膜,第1连接层的整体为90%以上的固化率,因此可知,不能够在抑制向平面方向的运动的同时良好地压入,其结果是,凸点上的导电粒子间距离扩大,导电粒子从凸点边缘流出到凸点外的比例大幅增加。对于比较例3的各向异性导电膜,不是来自2个方向的紫外线照射,而是从导电粒子侧从90°方向(垂直方向)的一个方向照射紫外线,因此可知,导电粒子下方的90%以上的固化率的比例不到10%,过小,所以与实施例4~6相比,不能够在抑制向平面方向的运动的同时良好地压入,其结果是,凸点上的导电粒子间距离扩大,导电粒子从凸点边缘流出到凸点外的比例大幅增加。
产业上的可利用性
本发明的第1方式的各向异性导电膜具有下述层层叠而成的2层构造:使光自由基聚合性树脂层进行光自由基聚合而得的第1连接层;和由热或光阳离子或阴离子聚合性树脂层、或优选由含有丙烯酸酯化合物和热或光自由基聚合引发剂的热或光自由基聚合性树脂层构成的第2连接层,进而,第1连接层的第2连接层一侧表面上,各向异性导电连接用的导电粒子以单层排列。而且,关于第1连接层的固化率,具有比一面(第2连接层一侧表面)的固化率低的固化率的区域相对于第1连接层的厚度方向倾斜地存在。因此,各向异性导电连接时,可以使导电粒子的流动方向均匀。因此,显示良好的导通可靠性、绝缘性、安装导电粒子捕捉率。
本发明的第2方式的各向异性导电膜具有下述层层叠而成的2层构造:由光聚合树脂层构成的第1连接层;和由热或光阳离子、阴离子或自由基聚合性树脂层构成的第2连接层,进而,第1连接层的第2连接层一侧表面上,各向异性导电连接用的导电粒子以单层排列。而且,与第1连接层的一面(第2连接层一侧表面)的固化率相比,第1连接层的导电粒子附近区域中与第1连接层的另一面相对近的区域的固化率低。因此,显示良好的导通可靠性、绝缘性、安装导电粒子捕捉率。因此,可用于与IC芯片等电子部件的布线基板的各向异性导电连接。这样的电子部件的布线持续地狭小化,本发明在对这样的技术的进歩有贡献的情况下尤其表现其效果。
附图标记说明
1、100 各向异性导电膜
2 第1连接层
2a 第1连接层的第2连接层一侧的表面
2b 第2连接层的最外表面
2X、2Y (假)第1连接层的区域
3 第2连接层
4 导电粒子
5 第3连接层
30、40 剥离膜
20 假第1连接层
31 光聚合性树脂层
50 假各向异性导电膜。

Claims (26)

1.各向异性导电膜,所述各向异性导电膜是具有第1连接层和在其一面上形成的第2连接层的各向异性导电膜,其特征在于,
第1连接层是光聚合树脂层,
第2连接层是热或光阳离子、阴离子或自由基聚合性树脂层,
第1连接层的该一面上,各向异性导电连接用的导电粒子以单层排列,
关于第1连接层的固化率,具有比该一面的固化率低的固化率的区域相对于第1连接层的厚度方向倾斜地存在。
2.各向异性导电膜,其是具有第1连接层和在其一面上形成的第2连接层的各向异性导电膜,其特征在于,
第1连接层是光聚合树脂层,
第2连接层是热或光阳离子、阴离子或自由基聚合性树脂层,
第1连接层的该一面上,各向异性导电连接用的导电粒子以单层排列,
与第1连接层的该一面和另一面的固化率相比,在第1连接层的导电粒子附近区域中与第1连接层的另一面相对近的导电粒子的背侧区域的固化率低。
3.权利要求1或2所述的各向异性导电膜,其中,第1连接层是使含有丙烯酸酯化合物和光自由基聚合引发剂的光自由基聚合性树脂层进行光自由基聚合而得的自由基聚合树脂层。
4.权利要求3所述的各向异性导电膜,其中,第1连接层还含有环氧化合物和热或光阳离子或阴离子聚合引发剂。
5.权利要求1或2所述的各向异性导电膜,其中,第2连接层是:含有环氧化合物和热或光阳离子或阴离子聚合引发剂的热或光阳离子或阴离子聚合性树脂层,或含有丙烯酸酯化合物和热或光自由基聚合引发剂的热或光自由基聚合性树脂层。
6.权利要求5所述的各向异性导电膜,其中,第2连接层是:含有环氧化合物和热或光阳离子或阴离子聚合引发剂的热或光阳离子或阴离子聚合性树脂层,还含有丙烯酸酯化合物和热或光自由基聚合引发剂。
7.权利要求1或2所述的各向异性导电膜,其中,导电粒子陷入第2连接层中。
8.权利要求1或2所述的各向异性导电膜,其中,第1连接层的最低熔融粘度比第2连接层的最低熔融粘度高。
9.权利要求1所述的各向异性导电膜的制造方法,其中,所述制造方法具有以下的工序(A)~(C):
工序(A)
在光聚合性树脂层上使导电粒子以单层排列的工序;
工序(B)
通过相对于排列有导电粒子的光聚合性树脂层倾斜地照射紫外线来进行光聚合反应,以形成导电粒子固定化于表面的第1连接层的工序;和
工序(C)
在第1连接层的导电粒子一侧表面上形成由热或光阳离子或阴离子聚合性树脂层、或者热或光自由基聚合性树脂层构成的第2连接层的工序。
10.权利要求9所述的制造方法,其中,从光聚合性树脂层的排列有导电粒子的一侧进行工序(B)的紫外线照射。
11.权利要求9所述的制造方法,其中,所述制造方法在工序(C)之后具有以下的工序(Z):
工序(Z)
在第1连接层的与导电粒子一侧相反的面上形成由热或光阳离子、阴离子或自由基聚合性树脂层构成的第3连接层的工序。
12.权利要求9所述的制造方法,其中,所述制造方法在工序(A)之前具有以下的工序(a):
工序(a)
在光聚合性树脂层的一面上形成由热或光阳离子、阴离子或自由基聚合性树脂层构成的第3连接层的工序,
工序(A)中,在光聚合性树脂层的另一面上使导电粒子以单层排列。
13.权利要求1所述的各向异性导电膜的制造方法,其中,所述制造方法具有以下的工序(AA)~(DD):
工序(AA)
在光聚合性树脂层上使导电粒子以单层排列的工序;
工序(BB)
通过相对于排列有导电粒子的光聚合性树脂层倾斜地照射紫外线来进行光聚合反应,以形成导电粒子假固定化于表面的假第1连接层的工序;
工序(CC)
在假第1连接层的导电粒子一侧表面上形成由热阳离子、阴离子或自由基聚合性树脂层构成的第2连接层的工序;和
工序(DD)
通过从与第2连接层相反一侧对假第1连接层照射紫外线来进行光聚合反应,以使假第1连接层真正固化而形成第1连接层的工序。
14.权利要求13所述的制造方法,其中,从光聚合性树脂层的排列有导电粒子的一侧进行工序(BB)的紫外线照射。
15.权利要求13所述的制造方法,其中,所述制造方法在工序(DD)之后具有以下的工序(Z):
工序(Z)
在第1连接层的与导电粒子一侧相反的面上形成由热或光阳离子、阴离子或自由基聚合性树脂层构成的第3连接层的工序。
16.权利要求13所述的制造方法,其中,所述制造方法在工序(AA)之前具有以下的工序(a):
工序(a)
在光聚合性树脂层的一面上形成由热或光阳离子、阴离子或自由基聚合性树脂层构成的第3连接层的工序,
工序(AA)中,在光聚合性树脂层的另一面上使导电粒子以单层排列。
17.权利要求2所述的各向异性导电膜的制造方法,其中,所述制造方法具有以下的工序(A′)~(C′):
工序(A′)
在光聚合性树脂层上使导电粒子以单层排列的工序;
工序(B′)
通过相对于排列有导电粒子的光聚合性树脂层从至少2个方向倾斜地照射紫外线来进行光聚合反应,以形成导电粒子固定化于表面的第1连接层的工序;和
工序(C′)
在第1连接层的导电粒子一侧表面上形成由热或光阳离子、阴离子或自由基聚合性树脂层构成的第2连接层的工序。
18.权利要求17所述的制造方法,其中,从光聚合性树脂层的排列有导电粒子的一侧进行工序(B′)的紫外线照射。
19.权利要求17所述的制造方法,其中,所述制造方法在工序(C′)之后具有以下的工序(Z):
工序(Z)
在第1连接层的与导电粒子一侧相反的面上形成由热或光阳离子、阴离子或自由基聚合性树脂层构成的第3连接层的工序。
20.权利要求17所述的制造方法,其中,所述制造方法在工序(A′)之前具有以下的工序(a):
工序(a)
在光聚合性树脂层的一面上形成由热或光阳离子、阴离子或自由基聚合性树脂层构成的第3连接层的工序,
工序(A′)中,在光聚合性树脂层的另一面上使导电粒子以单层排列。
21.权利要求2所述的各向异性导电膜的制造方法,其中,所述制造方法具有以下的工序(AA′)~(DD′):
工序(AA′)
在光聚合性树脂层上使导电粒子以单层排列的工序;
工序(BB′)
通过相对于排列有导电粒子的光聚合性树脂层从至少2个方向倾斜地照射紫外线来进行光聚合反应,以形成导电粒子假固定化于表面的假第1连接层的工序;
工序(CC′)
在假第1连接层的导电粒子一侧表面上形成由热阳离子、阴离子或自由基聚合性树脂层构成的第2连接层的工序;和
工序(DD′)
通过从与第2连接层相反一侧对假第1连接层照射紫外线来进行光聚合反应,以使假第1连接层真正固化而形成第1连接层的工序。
22.权利要求21所述的制造方法,其中,从光聚合性树脂层的排列有导电粒子的一侧进行工序(BB′)的紫外线照射。
23.权利要求21所述的制造方法,其中,所述制造方法在工序(DD′)之后具有以下的工序(Z):
工序(Z)
在第1连接层的与导电粒子一侧相反的面上形成由热或光阳离子、阴离子或自由基聚合性树脂层构成的第3连接层的工序。
24.权利要求21所述的制造方法,其中,所述制造方法在工序(AA′)之前具有以下的工序(a):
工序(a)
在光聚合性树脂层的一面上形成由热或光阳离子、阴离子或自由基聚合性树脂层构成的第3连接层的工序,
工序(AA′)中,在光聚合性树脂层的另一面上使导电粒子以单层排列。
25.连接构造体,其是通过权利要求1~8中任一项所述的各向异性导电膜使第1电子部件与第2电子部件进行各向异性导电连接而得。
26.连接构造体的制造方法,其中通过权利要求1~8中任一项所述的各向异性导电膜使第1电子部件与第2电子部件进行各向异性导电连接。
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