CN1059228A - 用含氧高温超导体母体制造模制体的方法 - Google Patents
用含氧高温超导体母体制造模制体的方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1059228A CN1059228A CN91105723A CN91105723A CN1059228A CN 1059228 A CN1059228 A CN 1059228A CN 91105723 A CN91105723 A CN 91105723A CN 91105723 A CN91105723 A CN 91105723A CN 1059228 A CN1059228 A CN 1059228A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- copper
- molding
- anode
- linked
- bscco
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000002887 superconductor Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- GDFCXHYUALKPOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Cu][Ca][Sr][Bi] Chemical compound [Cu][Ca][Sr][Bi] GDFCXHYUALKPOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 239000011162 core material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- UBXAKNTVXQMEAG-UHFFFAOYSA-L strontium sulfate Chemical compound [Sr+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O UBXAKNTVXQMEAG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000013517 stratification Methods 0.000 description 3
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003238 silicate melt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910004247 CaCu Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910016553 CuOx Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical group [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002048 anodisation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- UZFMKSXYXFSTAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium yttrium Chemical compound [Y].[Ba] UZFMKSXYXFSTAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001622 bismuth compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- -1 bismuthino Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/45—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on copper oxide or solid solutions thereof with other oxides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/653—Processes involving a melting step
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25F—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC REMOVAL OF MATERIALS FROM OBJECTS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25F5/00—Electrolytic stripping of metallic layers or coatings
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N60/00—Superconducting devices
- H10N60/01—Manufacture or treatment
- H10N60/0268—Manufacture or treatment of devices comprising copper oxide
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S505/00—Superconductor technology: apparatus, material, process
- Y10S505/725—Process of making or treating high tc, above 30 k, superconducting shaped material, article, or device
- Y10S505/728—Etching
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S505/00—Superconductor technology: apparatus, material, process
- Y10S505/725—Process of making or treating high tc, above 30 k, superconducting shaped material, article, or device
- Y10S505/739—Molding, coating, shaping, or casting of superconducting material
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Inorganic Compounds Of Heavy Metals (AREA)
- Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
- Superconductor Devices And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
- Superconductors And Manufacturing Methods Therefor (AREA)
- Nitrogen And Oxygen Or Sulfur-Condensed Heterocyclic Ring Systems (AREA)
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
用BSCCO类含氧高温超导体母体制造模制体
的方法，其中包括在阳极、阴极和电解液构成的直流
电路中将内含固化铋锶钙铜酸盐熔体的要求形状铜
模用电线连成阳极，用稀硫酸作电解液并通以
1-50mA·cm2的直流电，直到连成铜模溶解并露出
BSCCO模制体为止。
Description
用铋锶钙铜酸盐熔体合成高温超导体的方法已见于DE 3830092A1，其中或按其它办法制成的“BSCCO”高温超导体组成为Bi2（Sr，Ca）3CU2Ox（“2层化合物”），锶/钙比（2-5）∶1（BSCCO代表铋锶钙铜氧化物）。另外，“1层化合物”Bi2（Sr，Ca）2CuOx和“3层化合物”Bi2（Sr，Ca）4Cu3Ox也称为BSCCO高温超导体。氧指数“x”由Bi，Sr，Ca和Cu化合价之和决定，但因Bi可为3价或5价且Cu可为1价或2价，所以x也可在一定程度上变化。
DE3830092A1也提到用铋锶钙铜酸盐制造模制体，如该模制品制法可为在多种模中浇注，若模开口，如在有倾斜侧壁或半圆柱体腔情形下，并且可根据形状而脱除注入体，则模优选由铜制成。重要的是浇注用冷模进行，以使固熔体在模壁上迅速冷却，与铜模壁不发生化学反应。即使模壁为挠性的并且用冷却后可侧向弯曲的薄金属板制成，也不会出现问题。
更困难的是生产更复杂的模制体，这要求复杂形状的闭口模。在这种情况下，也不常用迅速冷却而避免壁反应的办法，因为模可能需要预热而避免流入熔体不应有的过早固化。在相对简单情况下，如生产相当厚的圆柱形模制体，其中在管状模中浇注，仍可设想机械办法脱除壳体材料，如将模壁分成两半部分。但即使直径相当小，这办法也不灵并且复杂几何形状，如环或圈情况下也不再应用。
为使高温超导体组合物熔料固化后转化成超导状态，需在空气或氧气中800℃左右将固化熔体后续加热处理6-30小时。但仅有一种金属据适于作BSCCO高温超导体的壳体材料并在热处理温度下可渗透氧，而后在金属壳，银内将固化熔体转化成要求的高温超导体。不幸的是960.8℃银熔点低于超导熔体可有效浇注的温度。因此，银模在超导熔体固化之前就熔化了。
为此需借助于铜模，因为铜为仅有的适用于此目的体系固定金属。但绝对需要从固化熔体脱除铜模。因机械去除铜模用途有限，又建议其化学溶除，原则上讲，用氧化性酸或酸加氧化剂可达到。已用钇钡铜酸盐超导体粉进行了试验，其中将粉倒入铜管中并深拉和轧制而压实。
但若在铋基超导体情况下要求以同样方式进行，则只要铜壳在某一点溶解并裸露出固化熔体表面，就可观察到酸对固化熔体超导体或其母体的严重侵蚀。也就是说已发现超导铋化合物为酸溶性的。
本发明目的是提出可溶解铜壳而又不明显侵蚀内部超导体或其母体的方法。其中在稀硫酸中进行阳极氧化。本发明原理是形成保护层，抑制酸对超导化合物的进一步侵蚀，该层由硫酸中所含硫酸根和超导化合物中所含碱土金属形成的硫酸锶和/或硫酸钙构成。
铜壳中待脱除的模制料连成电解池阳极，以铜作阴极。加适当电流后，铜从壳中溶解，同时淀积在阴极上。因此使与原用硫酸结合的铜量很小，游离硫酸溶度也保持很低。这对裸露出的碱土金属硫酸盐保护层的稳定性而言是极有利的。
具体的讲，本发明涉及用BSCCO类含氧高温超导体母体制造模制体的方法，其中包括在阳极，阴极和电解液构成的直流电路中将内含固化铋锶钙铜酸盐熔体的要求形状铜模用电线连成阳极，用稀硫酸作电解液并通以1-50mA·cm2的直流电，直到连成铜模溶解并露出BSCCO模制体为止。
另外，本发明优选或必要时的方法中
（a）铜制一个或多个模制体用作阴极;
（b）15-70℃下进行铜模电解溶解;
（c）连成阳极的铜模内含铋锶钙铜酸盐熔体并有一个或多个开口。
附图示出进行电解（阳极氧化）的可行方案。内填固化超导体熔体1的铜管2（阳极）垂直浸入烧杯3中，其中填有电解液（如20%H2SO4）。阳极2周围有两根铜阴极4，其一部分经电镀电势恒定器5经阳极2相连。此外，烧杯3中还浸有接触温度计6，控制放烧杯3的可热磁搅拌器下。
因按图将含超导体态的模制件连成电解池阳极，铜在阳极溶解并在阴极淀积而提供电流。但该法仅在电解液中低Cu浓度下阴极淀积氢之前才有可能。阴极淀积铜的优点是选定硫酸浓度可相当低，因为硫酸并不明显消耗。也可在适当高温，如50℃下进行电解，此时反应过压降低。此时也不象室温下阴极上淀积出海绵状铜，而是以相当稠密的形式淀积，因此极间短路危险明显消失。阳极电流密度20mA·cm-2，浴温40℃，则工作电压0.2V。
尽管未空气处理的未回火状态超导体态并不为良好的电子导体（室温电阻1-30hm·cm），但其导电率会足以使芯阳极化，以致最终铜壳溶解步骤中形成的铜层并不成为电绝缘的，而是仍可溶 解，而已裸露出的芯料已受到形成的碱土硫酸盐膜的保护。此外，硫酸盐膜增大了裸露芯表面的电阻并因此降低这些点的阳极电流。
酸浓度和处理温度并不关键，如可用2-35wt%H2SO4。所用含硫酸根稀硫酸量可很小，只是需超过选定温度下存在硫酸时的硫酸钙和硫酸锶溶解产品，其中形成致密硫酸盐保护膜。
例
壁厚0.8mm，内径6mm并内填式Bi2Sr2CaCu2Ox铋锶钙铜酸盐超导体熔体的5螺圈铜管在烧杯中用线连成阳极，而螺圈外围铜柱连同螺圈中心铜作为阴极。20%硫酸作电解液。电解时电流密度40mA·cm-2，室温持续20h。超导体芯浸入电解液的超导体芯基本上从铜壳中露出并覆盖一白色薄层，未观察到侵蚀点。
Claims (4)
1、用BSCCO类含氧高温超导体母体制造模制体的方法，其中包括在阳极、阴极和电解液构成的直流电路中将内含固化铋锶钙铜酸盐熔体的要求形状铜模用电线连成阳极，用稀硫酸作电解液并通以1-50mA·cm2的直流电，直到连成铜模溶解并露出BSCCO模制体为止。
2、权利要求1的方法，其特征是一个或多个铜模制体作阴极。
3、上述权利要求中至少一次的方法，其特征是15-70℃进行铜模电解溶解。
4、上述权利要求中至少一次的方法，其特征是连成阳极的铜模内含固化铋锶钙铜酸盐熔体并有一个或多个开口。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE4026014A DE4026014A1 (de) | 1990-08-17 | 1990-08-17 | Verfahren zur herstellung von formkoerpern aus vorstufen oxidischer hochtemperatursupraleiter |
| DEP4026014.3 | 1990-08-17 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1059228A true CN1059228A (zh) | 1992-03-04 |
| CN1039857C CN1039857C (zh) | 1998-09-16 |
Family
ID=6412387
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN91105723A Expired - Fee Related CN1039857C (zh) | 1990-08-17 | 1991-08-16 | 用含氧高温超导体母体制造模制体的方法 |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5250507A (zh) |
| EP (1) | EP0471975B1 (zh) |
| JP (1) | JPH04321518A (zh) |
| KR (1) | KR920004307A (zh) |
| CN (1) | CN1039857C (zh) |
| AT (1) | ATE133932T1 (zh) |
| CA (1) | CA2048011A1 (zh) |
| DE (2) | DE4026014A1 (zh) |
| ES (1) | ES2084734T3 (zh) |
| NO (1) | NO301707B1 (zh) |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DD59149A (zh) * | ||||
| NL290090A (zh) * | 1962-03-21 | |||
| JPH01157010A (ja) * | 1987-12-11 | 1989-06-20 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | 酸化物超電導線材の製造方法 |
| DE3830092A1 (de) * | 1988-09-03 | 1990-03-15 | Hoechst Ag | Verfahren zur herstellung eines hochtemperatursupraleiters sowie daraus bestehende formkoerper |
| US5151407A (en) * | 1990-02-28 | 1992-09-29 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Method of producing Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O superconducting materials in cast form |
| US5059581A (en) * | 1990-06-28 | 1991-10-22 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration | Passivation of high temperature superconductors |
-
1990
- 1990-08-17 DE DE4026014A patent/DE4026014A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1991
- 1991-07-15 EP EP91111761A patent/EP0471975B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-07-15 AT AT91111761T patent/ATE133932T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-07-15 ES ES91111761T patent/ES2084734T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-07-15 DE DE59107378T patent/DE59107378D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-07-26 CA CA002048011A patent/CA2048011A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1991-08-02 US US07/739,871 patent/US5250507A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-08-14 JP JP3204345A patent/JPH04321518A/ja active Pending
- 1991-08-14 KR KR1019910014003A patent/KR920004307A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1991-08-16 NO NO913219A patent/NO301707B1/no unknown
- 1991-08-16 CN CN91105723A patent/CN1039857C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US5250507A (en) | 1993-10-05 |
| DE4026014A1 (de) | 1992-02-20 |
| ATE133932T1 (de) | 1996-02-15 |
| EP0471975A3 (en) | 1993-04-14 |
| DE59107378D1 (de) | 1996-03-21 |
| CN1039857C (zh) | 1998-09-16 |
| JPH04321518A (ja) | 1992-11-11 |
| NO913219D0 (no) | 1991-08-16 |
| CA2048011A1 (en) | 1992-02-18 |
| ES2084734T3 (es) | 1996-05-16 |
| NO913219L (no) | 1992-02-18 |
| KR920004307A (ko) | 1992-03-27 |
| NO301707B1 (no) | 1997-12-01 |
| EP0471975B1 (de) | 1996-02-07 |
| EP0471975A2 (de) | 1992-02-26 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| DE1665555C3 (de) | Supraleiter mit einer Isolation an der Oberfläche | |
| Mazurkiewicz et al. | The electrochemical behaviour of the Al2Cu intermetallic compound | |
| CA2334237A1 (en) | Removal of oxygen from metal oxides and solid solutions by electrolysis in a fused salt | |
| JP2003534459A (ja) | 過マンガン酸塩エッチング溶液の電気化学再生用のカソード | |
| CN1039857C (zh) | 用含氧高温超导体母体制造模制体的方法 | |
| CN110129799B (zh) | 一种基于硫酸-铁盐体系的退锡废液的回收利用方法 | |
| CA2140504C (en) | Process for converting lead and lead oxides to barium metaplumbate | |
| US2623848A (en) | Process for producing modified electronickel | |
| Ondoño-Castillo et al. | Superconducting YBa2Cu3O7-. delta. coatings by simultaneous electrodeposition of Y, Ba, and Cu in the presence of cyanide | |
| CN1039855C (zh) | 用含氧高温超导体母体制造模制体的方法 | |
| JP2623267B2 (ja) | 低銀品位の高純度電気銅の製造法 | |
| JP2594799B2 (ja) | 低銀品位の高純度電気銅の製造法 | |
| US3489659A (en) | Process for lithiding | |
| DE2445018A1 (de) | Magnesium-titan-verbundkoerper und verfahren zu seiner herstellung | |
| KR102280173B1 (ko) | 방사율이 향상된 구리 도금 형성 방법 | |
| US587829A (en) | hulin | |
| SU759607A1 (ru) | Способ выщелачивания окисленного цинксодержащего материала 1 | |
| JPS6289880A (ja) | 錫剥離液の処理方法 | |
| JPS61117282A (ja) | 酸化銅皮膜形成方法 | |
| US3014850A (en) | Recovery of high purity copper from copper scrap | |
| US2439805A (en) | Method of electrowinning manganese | |
| JPS6024198B2 (ja) | 銅メツキ用アノード材の製造方法 | |
| EP0400057A1 (en) | Preparation of superconducting oxides by electrochemical oxidation: anodic superconductors | |
| JPS583945A (ja) | 表面を粗くし得るアルミニウム箔 | |
| JPH03219095A (ja) | 希土類―バリウム―銅合金めっき方法 |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| C19 | Lapse of patent right due to non-payment of the annual fee | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |