CN105922569A

CN105922569A - Plasma fusion covering manufacture rapid molding equipment and molding method

Info

Publication number: CN105922569A
Application number: CN201510788749.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 华云峰
Original assignee: Sinoadditive Manufacturing Equipment Co Ltd
Current assignee: BICHENG (BEIJING) TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD.
Priority date: 2015-11-17
Filing date: 2015-11-17
Publication date: 2016-09-07
Anticipated expiration: 2035-11-17
Also published as: CN105922569B

Abstract

The invention discloses plasma fusion covering manufacture rapid molding equipment and a molding method. The equipment comprises a monitoring system, a plasma beam processing system, and a printing table. The plasma beam processing system includes a plasma generator, a printing position adjustment controller, a gas supply device and a powder sending device for sending powder into the plasma beam. The monitoring system includes a position adjustment controller, a temperature detection unit, a distance detection unit and a printing distance adjustment controller. The temperature detection unit and the printing distance adjustment controller form a temperature control device. The method comprises the following steps: 1, acquisition of a 3D model of a workpiece to be molded, and hierarchical slicing processing; 2, scanning path filling; 3, printing path acquisition; and 4, printing layer by layer from top to bottom. The invention has the advantages of reasonable design, simple operation, high molding efficiency, good usage effect, no need of enclosed moulding chamber, protection atmosphere or vacuum environment, and direct molding of workpiece in atmosphere environment.

Description

A kind of plasma cladding manufactures rapid forming equipment and forming method

Technical field

The invention belongs to rapid shaping technique field, especially relate to a kind of plasma cladding and manufacture quickly Former and forming method.

Background technology

3D prints, and educational circles is referred to as increasing material manufacture (Additive Manufacturing, AM), is profit The method successively piled up with Computer Design data acquisition material manufactures the technology of physical item.This technology Start from the rapid shaping technique of the eighties in 20th century, there is the feature of three aspects: one is to manufacture skill The great leap of art.It is that digitizing technique merges, with manufacturing technology, the burgeoning digital expedited the emergence of that 3D prints Change manufacturing technology；Two is the deep reform of manufacturing process.3D prints and changes tradition machining pattern, Greatly reduce manufacturing procedure, can substantially shorten development cost and the cycle of new product；Three is to manufacture The important breakthrough of pattern.3D printing technique product complicated to structure, unmanageable can realize personalization, Customized production, consequently, it is possible to change traditional large-scale mass production mode, brings the weight of manufacturing mode Gonna breakthrough.

At present, domestic and international metal parts rapid shaping technique is mainly precinct laser fusion rapid molding skill Art (Selective laser melting, SLM).The U.S. such as Patent No. US7047098 is special Profit " PROCESS AND DEVICE FOR PRODUCING A SHAPED BODY BY SELECTIVE LASER MELTING " describe a kind of precinct laser utilizing three-dimensional digital model to manufacture fine and close part in detail and melt Change manufacturing process and equipment thereof.The Chinese invention patent of Publication No. CN 102266942A " is directly made Make the precinct laser fusion rapid molding equipment of heavy parts " disclose one and directly manufacture large compact The precinct laser fusion rapid molding equipment of part, this equipment mainly includes laser array, optical system System array, moulding cylinder, moulding cylinder three-dimensional zone heating insulation construction, moulding cylinder weight balancing system, Substrate levelling device, double back receive cylinder, double storage powder case, double quantitative powder feeding and powder discharging device, power spreading device, Protective atmosphere cover, gas purge system, control system.The middle promulgated by the State Council of Publication No. CN1603031A Bright patent " a kind of Metal Part by Selective Laser Melting quick molding method and device thereof " discloses one Metal Part by Selective Laser Melting quick molding method and device thereof, this device includes semiconductor pumped YAG laser or optical fiber laser, light beam focusing system, profiled member cylinder and powder cylinder, semiconductor pump Pu YAG laser or optical fiber laser are connected with light beam focusing system, and focus on and scan in profiled member Cylinder, profiled member cylinder is connected with powder cylinder by paving powder cylinder, and paving powder cylinder connects driving motor, Motor is driven to be connected with computer.The Chinese invention patent of Publication No. CN103071795A " moves Dynamic galvanometer selective laser melting SLM former " disclose a kind of mobile galvanometer selective laser and melt Change SLM former.This equipment includes by communication line with the X-axis straight line with cross slide way group The digital control system that motor is connected with the Y-axis linear electric motors of longitudinal rail group, X-axis linear electric motors and Y Axle linear electric motors constitute turntable driving structure, and this turntable driving structure is driven with laser bundle-enlarging collimation mirror group It is dynamically connected, snaps in galvanometer unit bottom laser bundle-enlarging collimation mirror group, be provided with into below galvanometer unit Shape work package, is provided with noble gas gas curtain shaping between work package and galvanometer unit.

But at present, precinct laser fusion rapid molding technology is also primarily present following three aspect problems:

The first, precinct laser fusion rapid molding technology needs protective atmosphere or vacuum environment, to avoid The oxidation of metal parts in forming process, this makes laser fast shaping device structure complexity, forming part Size is restricted.It addition, precinct laser fusion rapid molding technology is typically necessary the molding of paving powder Cylinder system, device structure is complicated, and not only forming part size is restricted, and shaping efficiency is relatively low.

The second, in order to ensure part mechanical property, precinct laser fusion rapid molding technology needs flowing The globular metallic powder that property is good.This makes precinct laser fusion rapid molding equipment operating cost the highest.

3rd, laser instrument is the core parts of precinct laser rapid forming equipment, and laser instrument price is high And maintenance cost is high.This makes the equipment cost of rapid laser-shaping technique the highest.

Nowadays, precinct laser rapid shaping technique also has based on synchronous powder feeding system or wire feed process swash The direct manufacturing technology of light cladding, it is to utilize laser beam the metal dust or tinsel that synchronize feeding to be melted Change, realize the monolayer manufacture of parts at X/Y plane according to the movement of planned trajectory by controlling workbench, After the manufacture completing an aspect, Z-direction is raised and lowered certain distance, then repeats previous process, It is layering until realizing the three-dimensionally shaped of parts.The middle promulgated by the State Council of Publication No. CN101885063A Bright patent " a kind of laser cladding forming method of laser cladding forming equipment and metal parts " discloses The quick molding method of a kind of laser melting coating silk material and equipment thereof, this equipment mainly includes three-dimensional motion Workbench, laser device, dust feeder and control system, dust feeder includes pinching running roller pair, The drivewheel pinching running roller pair is connected with motor, controls wire feed direction by a three-dimensional regulation device. Control system includes multi-axis motion control card, multi-axis motion control card respectively with motor, workbench Motor and laser aid is driven to connect.Forming method includes modeling, instruction conversion, slice forming and sinks The steps such as long-pending molding, by lf tinsel, form molten drop, molten drop heap accumulation of pathogenic cold on the table But, and forming thin slice with working table movement, each thin slice deposits the most from level to level and forms 3-dimensional metal Part.But, above-mentioned laser cladding forming Apparatus and method for is primarily present following three aspect problems: the One, laser can not protect molten drop, needs to lead to protective gas at wire feeding mouth, and protective gas easily cools down Molten drop, has a negative impact to molten drop solidification and layering molding, causes 3-dimensional metal part mechanical property Relatively low；The second, laser power is low and diameter wiry is big, it is difficult to realize ceramic composite materials The rapid shaping of part；3rd, due to surface tension reason, circle during molten drop cooled and solidified molding, is produced Shape is shunk, and causes piece surface rough.

Summary of the invention

The technical problem to be solved is for above-mentioned deficiency of the prior art, it is provided that one Kind of plasma cladding manufactures rapid forming equipment, its simple in construction, reasonable in design and use easy and simple to handle, Shaping efficiency is high, using effect is good, it is not necessary to airtight forming room, and need not protective atmosphere or vacuum Environment, Workpiece shaping process is directly carried out under atmospheric environment.

For solving above-mentioned technical problem, the technical solution used in the present invention is: a kind of plasma cladding manufacture Rapid forming equipment, it is characterised in that: flat by monitoring system, plasma beam system of processing and printing Platform forms, and described print platform includes the horizontal stamp pad placed for workpiece to be formed and prints level The stamp pad position regulator that the position of platform is adjusted, described horizontal stamp pad is installed on described beating On ink pad position regulator；

Described plasma beam system of processing by be provided with shower nozzle and for produce beam-plasma etc. from Daughter generator, described shower nozzle is exported the printing that the distance between horizontal stamp pad is adjusted Distance adjusting means, provide the feeder of working gas for described plasma generator and for even Continue the powder feeding dress sending into printed material in the described beam-plasma that described plasma generator produces Put composition；Described plasma generator be positioned at above horizontal stamp pad and its be arranged on described printing away from In adjusting means, described dust feeder is positioned at above horizontal stamp pad and it is positioned at described plasma Generator side；Described feeder is by entering of being opened on air supply pipe and described plasma generator QI KOU connects；The powder feeding mouth of described dust feeder is positioned at below the outlet of described shower nozzle and it is positioned at described On the central axis of beam-plasma；

Described monitoring system includes the position adjustment being controlled described stamp pad position regulator Controller, treat temperature detecting unit that molding workpiece surface temperature detects in real time, to described The distance detector unit that detects in real time of distance between outlet and the horizontal stamp pad of shower nozzle and right The printing distance regulation controller that described printing distance adjusting means is controlled, described position adjustment control Device processed is connected with described stamp pad position regulator, and the described distance regulation controller that prints is beaten with described Print distance adjusting means connects, and described temperature detecting unit and distance detector unit are all adjusted with printing distance Joint controller connects；Described temperature detecting unit forms temperature adjusting dress with printing distance regulation controller Put.

Above-mentioned a kind of plasma cladding manufactures rapid forming equipment, it is characterized in that: described monitoring system is also Including the plasma generator controller that described plasma generator is controlled, gas to air supply pipe Detection of gas flow rate unit that body flow detects in real time and to the Flow-rate adjustment installed on air supply pipe The gas flow controller that valve is controlled, described plasma generator controller is sent out with described plasma Raw device connects, and described detection of gas flow rate unit is connected with gas flow controller.

Above-mentioned a kind of plasma cladding manufactures rapid forming equipment, it is characterized in that: described plasma is sent out Raw device includes that plasma gun, described shower nozzle are the anode nozzle of plasma gun front end；Described plasma gun Including having the gun body of described air inlet, being positioned at the anode nozzle of gun body dead ahead and be plugged in gun body Negative electrode, described anode nozzle is positioned on front side of negative electrode, and described arc chamber is positioned on front side of negative electrode and it is positioned at The posterior medial of anode nozzle, the front inner of described anode nozzle is spout；Described anode nozzle, Negative electrode and arc chamber are all laid in coaxial with gun body；Described air inlet is positioned on rear side of gun body, described spout With gun body in coaxial lay or and gun body central axis between angle be 30 °～45 °.

Above-mentioned a kind of plasma cladding manufactures rapid forming equipment, it is characterized in that: described dust feeder bag Include powder feeder and powder-feeding mouth, the meal outlet that powder feeding mouth is powder-feeding mouth of described dust feeder；Described powder feeding Device includes having the shell that charging aperture exports and the powder feeding wheel being arranged in described shell with powder feeding, described Powder feeding wheel is driven by driving motor；The described powder feeding outlet powder inlet by powder feeding pipe Yu powder-feeding mouth Connect.

Above-mentioned a kind of plasma cladding manufactures rapid forming equipment, it is characterized in that: described monitoring system is also Including the powder mass flow detector unit that the powder feeding flow of powder feeding pipe is detected in real time with to driving electricity The powder feeding flow controller that machine is controlled, described powder mass flow detector unit and powder feeding flow controller Connect.

Above-mentioned a kind of plasma cladding manufactures rapid forming equipment, it is characterized in that: described stamp pad position Adjusting apparatus is three axis numerically controlled machine；

Folder between central axis and the vertical plane of the beam-plasma that described plasma generator produces Angle is not more than 45 °；Described printing distance adjusting means is to institute along the central axis of described beam-plasma State the adjusting apparatus up and down that shower nozzle adjusts up and down, described distance detector unit be to along described grade from The central axis of son bundle is examined in real time from the distance exported between horizontal stamp pad of described shower nozzle The distance detection device surveyed.

Meanwhile, invention additionally discloses a kind of method step simple, reasonable in design and realize convenient, use Effective plasma cladding manufactures quick molding method, it is characterised in that: the method includes following step Rapid:

Step one, workpiece three-dimensional stereo model to be formed obtain and hierarchy slicing processes: use at data Reason equipment and call image processing module obtain workpiece to be formed three-dimensional stereo model, recall layering Section module is treated as the three-dimensional stereo model of type workpiece and carries out hierarchy slicing, and obtains multiple layering and cut Face image；

Multiple described layering cross-sectional images are to treat the three-dimensional stereo model of shaping workpiece to carry out layering and cut Obtaining the image in multiple layering cross section after sheet, multiple described layering cross sections are the most uniformly laid；

Step 2, scanning pattern are filled: use data handling equipment and call described image processing module, Described layering cross-sectional images multiple in step one are respectively processed, and complete multiple described layering and cut The scanning pattern filling process in face, it is thus achieved that the scanning pattern in multiple described layering cross sections；

Step 3, printing path obtain: described data handling equipment is multiple according to obtain in step 2 The scanning pattern in described layering cross section, it is thus achieved that the printing path in multiple described layering cross sections；Each described The printing path in layering cross section is all identical with the scanning pattern in this layering cross section；

Step 4, the most successively printing: according to the multiple described layering cross section obtained in step 3 Printing path, the most successively treat shaping workpiece and print, it is thus achieved that by multiple shape layers by Under the finished workpart of supreme stacking；The quantity of described shape layer and layering cross section described in step one Quantity identical, the installation position of multiple described shape layers respectively with the laying in multiple described layering cross sections Position one_to_one corresponding and its thickness are the most identical, and the thickness of described shape layer is cut with adjacent two described layerings Distance between face is identical, and in step 3, the printing path in multiple described layering cross sections is respectively multiple institute State the printing path of shape layer；Treating shaping workpiece when printing, process is as follows:

Step 401, bottom print: described position adjustment controller is according to acquired working as in step 3 The printing path of front institute printing shaping layer, is controlled described stamp pad position regulator and drives Horizontal stamp pad moves in the horizontal plane；In described horizontal stamp pad moving process, described grade from Interior band is melted the plasma beam of liquid stream and is sprayed onto continuously on horizontal stamp pad by sub-line system of processing；Treat After melted liquid stream all solidifies, complete the print procedure of current institute printing shaping layer；

In this step, current institute printing shaping layer is the molding being positioned at bottommost in multiple described shape layer Layer；

Step 402, last layer print, and comprise the following steps:

Step 4021, horizontal stamp pad move down: described position adjustment controller is by controlling described printing Platform position regulator, drive horizontal stamp pad in the vertical direction once moves down and downwards Mobile height is identical with the thickness of described shape layer；

Step 4022, print and synchronize temperature control: described position adjustment controller is obtained according in step 3 The printing path of the current institute printing shaping layer taken, is controlled described stamp pad position regulator And drive horizontal stamp pad to move in the horizontal plane；In described horizontal stamp pad moving process, institute State plasma beam system of processing interior band melts the plasma beam of liquid stream to be sprayed onto continuously and currently beat On the upper surface of the described shape layer of the printed next one；After melted liquid stream all solidifies, complete current institute The print procedure of printing shaping layer；

In this step, in described horizontal stamp pad moving process, by temperature detecting unit to the most The upper surface temperature of the described shape layer of the printed next one detects and in real time by detected temperature Synchronizing information is sent to print distance regulation controller, simultaneously by distance detector unit to described shower nozzle Outlet and horizontal stamp pad between distance detect in real time and by the range information that detected with Step is sent to print distance regulation controller；The described distance regulation controller that prints is according to temperature detection list The temperature information that detected of unit and described shower nozzle being gone out by controlling described printing distance adjusting means Distance between mouth and horizontal stamp pad is adjusted, and makes the most printed described molding of the next one The upper surface temperature of layer is not higher than 0.6 times of the material fusing point of workpiece to be formed；

Described in step 401 and step 4022 in horizontal stamp pad moving process, described dust feeder Send printed material, the beam-plasma pair simultaneously produced by described plasma beam system of processing continuously Sent printed material melts, and the molten melt drop that the fusing of sent printed material is formed connects Continue and form liquid stream；Described liquid stream is distributed in described beam-plasma, the melted liquid stream of the interior band of formation etc. Ion beam current；

Step 403, step 402 is repeated several times, until completing beating of all shape layers of workpiece to be formed Print process.

Said method, is characterized in that: before the most successively printing in step 4, institute in step one State data handling equipment first according to the material fusing point pre-build and printing range data storehouse, and combine logical Cross the Material Name of the workpiece to be formed that parameter input unit pre-enters, treat the basis of shaping workpiece Printing distance is determined；Described parameter input unit connects with described data handling equipment；

In described material fusing point and printing range data storehouse, storage has the material fusing point of various material and beats Print range information, material fusing point and the printing range information of every kind of described material all include this kind of material Title, fusing point and basis print distance；It is 5mm～1000mm that described basis prints distance, and material Fusing point is the highest, and it is the nearest that basis prints distance；

Before carrying out bottom printing in step 401, the described distance regulation controller that prints is according to distance inspection Survey the range information that detected of unit and by controlling described printing distance adjusting means by described shower nozzle Outlet with horizontal stamp pad between distance be adjusted to described basis print distance；The end in step 401 In layer print procedure, the distance between outlet and the horizontal stamp pad of described shower nozzle is that described basis prints Distance；

Before carrying out in step 4022 printing and synchronizing temperature control, the described distance that prints regulates controller root According to the distance range information that detected of detector unit and combine horizontal stamp pad move down number of times with Move down height every time, and by controlling described printing distance adjusting means by the outlet of described shower nozzle And the distance between the upper surface of the most printed described shape layer of the next one is adjusted to described base Plinth prints distance；The distance exported described shower nozzle between horizontal stamp pad in step 4022 is entered During row regulation, the temperature information that described printing distance regulation controller is detected according to temperature detecting unit And combine the distance range information that detected of detector unit to the outlet of described shower nozzle and horizontal stamp pad Between distance be adjusted, make the upper surface temperature of the currently the most printed described shape layer of the next one Control between 0.1 times～0.6 times of the material fusing point of workpiece to be formed；Further, to described shower nozzle Outlet with horizontal stamp pad between distance be adjusted time, the amplitude of accommodation is 5mm～60mm, and Material fusing point is the highest, and the amplitude of accommodation is the least.

Said method, is characterized in that: described dust feeder includes powder feeder and powder-feeding mouth, described powder feeding The meal outlet that powder feeding mouth is powder-feeding mouth of device；Described powder feeder includes that having charging aperture exports with powder feeding Shell and the powder feeding wheel that is arranged in described shell, described powder feeding wheel is driven by driving motor； Described powder feeding outlet is connected with the powder inlet of powder-feeding mouth by powder feeding pipe；

Described monitoring system also includes that the plasma being controlled described plasma generator occurs Detection of gas flow rate unit that controller, gas flow to air supply pipe detect in real time, to supply The gas flow controller that the flow control valve installed on pipe is controlled, the powder feeding flow to powder feeding pipe The powder mass flow detector unit detected in real time and the powder feeding flow control that driving motor is controlled Device processed, described powder mass flow detector unit is connected with powder feeding flow controller；Described plasma is controlled Device processed is connected with described plasma generator, and described detection of gas flow rate unit controls with gas flow Device connects, and described distance detector unit is connected with gas flow controller；

In step 4 the most successively print before, data handling equipment elder generation described in step one according to The gas pre-build and powder mass flow data base, and combine the layer of described shape layer set in advance Thickness, is determined the base gas flow of air supply pipe and the powder feeding flow of powder feeding pipe；

Needed for described gas and powder mass flow databases contain the shape layer of multiple different thickness Powder feeding flow and base gas flow；Described base gas flow is 5ml/min～500ml/min, and The powder feeding flow of powder feeding pipe is the biggest, and described base gas flow is the biggest；

Described in step 401 and step 4022 in horizontal stamp pad moving process, described powder mass flow The powder feeding flow of powder feeding pipe is detected and is sent to by detected synchronizing information by detector unit in real time Powder feeding flow controller, described powder feeding flow controller is according to the powder feeding flow of predetermined powder feeding pipe And the detected information of combining powder flow detection unit is to driving motor to be controlled, and makes sending of powder feeding pipe Powder flow is all identical with predetermined powder feeding flow；

Before carrying out bottom printing in step 401, described gas flow controller is examined according to gas flow Survey the detected information of unit and by controlling flow control valve, the gas flow of air supply pipe be adjusted to institute State base gas flow；In step 401 in bottom print procedure, the gas flow of described air supply pipe is Described base gas flow；

Step 4022 is carried out print and synchronize in temperature control process, described gas flow controller according to The detected information of detection of gas flow rate unit also combines distance detector unit institute detecting distance information, and logical Cross control flow control valve and the gas flow of air supply pipe is carried out increase and decrease adjustment；Further, described shower nozzle Distance between outlet and horizontal stamp pad is the biggest, and the gas flow of described air supply pipe is the biggest.

Said method, is characterized in that: described in step 401 and step 4022, horizontal stamp pad moves During, the powder feeding flow of described powder feeding pipe is 2g/min～200g/min；

Before step 4 the most successively prints, the powder feeding mouth of described dust feeder is beaten with level Distance between ink pad be adjusted to powder feeding set in advance height, described powder feeding be highly 5mm～ 1000mm；In step 4 the most successively in print procedure, the powder feeding mouth position of described dust feeder Motionless.

The present invention compared with prior art has the advantage that

1, the plasma cladding used manufactures rapid forming equipment simple in construction, reasonable in design and throwing Enter that cost is relatively low, that processing and fabricating and installing is laid is convenient.

2, the plasma cladding that used manufactures rapid forming equipment without airtight forming room, and not Protective atmosphere or vacuum environment, Workpiece shaping process is needed directly to carry out under atmospheric environment.Thus, Structure is very simple, and forming part size is unrestricted, and equipment price is relatively low.

3, plasma cladding manufactures printed material (i.e. powder) supply of rapid forming equipment at energy In the beam-plasma of source (the drop plasma beam of material), it is not necessary to the moulding cylinder system of paving powder is not required to Powder system to be spread a, it is only necessary to dust feeder, structure significantly simplifies.

4, the plasma cladding used manufactures rapid forming equipment and uses journey easy and simple to handle, intelligent Spending and shaping efficiency is high, using effect is good, the quality of institute's shaping workpiece is high.The monitoring system used Including the position adjustment controller that stamp pad position regulator is controlled, treat on shaping workpiece Temperature detecting unit that surface temperature detects in real time, between outlet and the horizontal stamp pad of shower nozzle The distance detector unit that detects in real time of distance and to printing what distance adjusting means was controlled Printing distance regulation controller, position adjustment controller is connected with stamp pad position regulator, prints Distance regulation controller is connected with printing distance adjusting means, temperature detecting unit and distance detector unit All it is connected apart from regulation controller with printing；Temperature detecting unit forms with printing distance regulation controller Temperature control device.Printing distance regulation controller during actually used, in temperature regulation system According to the detected information of temperature detecting unit to print distance adjusting means be controlled so that print away from From energy Automatic adjusument, so can prevent because printing hypotelorism causes the shape layer printed The problem that fusing occurs again, and also can prevent because of print the formed precision that causes of hypertelorism relatively low, There is the problems such as solidification in melted liquid stream before being sprayed onto next printable layer upper surface so that forming process Easily controllable, and realize conveniently, effectively preventing surface of the work from aoxidizing, thus without setting simultaneously Put airtight vacuum environment.It addition, the monitoring system used also includes gas flow Automatic adjusument With powder feed rate Automatic adjusument function, intelligence degree is high.

5, plasma cladding manufactures the energy source of rapid forming equipment employing is beam-plasma, plasma Beam power, up to tens of kilowatt, can melt metal, pottery, resin and other composite, it is achieved The 3D of above-mentioned material part prints.Produce plasma generator (the specifically plasma of beam-plasma Rifle) simple in construction, operation expense is low, and equipment cost is low.

6, plasma cladding manufactures the melted liquid stream of rapid forming equipment institute printed material at beam-plasma In stream, beam-plasma itself has protective effect, adds the effect of working gas, can effectively prevent The oxidation of printed material, this equipment need not protective atmosphere or vacuum environment, directly under atmospheric environment Use, there is the advantages such as device structure is simple, operating cost is low, forming part size is unrestricted.

7, plasma cladding manufactures the dust feeder employing direct current generator drive powder wheel of rapid forming equipment Rotate and by working gas auxiliary, powder delivered in beam-plasma, a powder or pelletize can be used Powder, it is not necessary to spherical powder.This equipment printed material low cost.

8, when plasma cladding manufactures rapid forming equipment printing, materials behavior is become solid-state by settable liquid, Technical process simplifies, and reduces technology difficulty and cost that 3D prints.Meanwhile, working gas (etc. Ion beam includes unionized working gas) effect under, the powder that dust feeder is sent is at plasma Accelerating in bundle, heat and be fused into molten condition and form small drop, the molten melt drop after fusing is even Continue and formed liquid stream and spray in the lump with beam-plasma, the plasma beam of the melted liquid stream of band in being formed； The powder melted liquid stream of formation after fusing sent continuously due to dust feeder sprays with beam-plasma After, in being formed, band printed material melts the microstream of liquid stream, and the cladding forming casting type manufactures fast rapid-result Type, it is to avoid the rounded constrictions phenomenon produced during molten drop cooled and solidified molding, part mechanical property is high, Smooth surface, reduces the technology difficulty of rapid shaping.

9, it is simple, reasonable in design and real that the plasma cladding used manufactures quick molding method step Now convenient, using effect is good, beam-plasma has protective effect, it is not necessary to protective atmosphere or vacuum ring Border, directly prints under atmospheric environment.Further, printed material supplies at energy source beam-plasma In (the melted liquid stream plasma beam of material), it is not necessary to paving powder moulding cylinder system.During printing, Materials behavior is become solid-state by settable liquid, and technical process simplifies, and reduces the technology difficulty that 3D prints And cost, and it is the most size-limited to print part.As shown in the above, the present invention is to tradition Plasma surfacing method substantially improve, existing plasma surfacing method is generally individually provided with Plasma arc voltage Height-adjusting device, plasma gun is not more than 15mm with the distance of surface of the work, and the scope of application is subject to Limit.And in the present invention, print distance can on a large scale in be adjusted, adapt to unlike material print need Ask, and Workpiece shaping quality can be effectively ensured.

Below by drawings and Examples, technical scheme is described in further detail.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1 is the structural representation that plasma cladding of the present invention manufactures rapid shaping.

Fig. 2 is the structural representation of plasma gun in the embodiment of the present invention 1.

Fig. 3 is the schematic block circuit diagram of monitoring system of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is the structural representation of air inlet ring of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is the structural representation of air inlet ring body of the present invention.

Fig. 6 is the FB(flow block) that plasma cladding of the present invention manufactures quick molding method.

Fig. 7 is the structural representation of plasma gun in the embodiment of the present invention 2.

Description of reference numerals:

1 feeder；2 powder feeders；3 workpiece to be formed；

4 horizontal stamp pads；5 air supply pipes；6 powder-feeding mouths；

7 plasma generator controllers；8 distance detector units；9 temperature detecting units；

10 print distance regulation controller；11 detection of gas flow rate unit；

12 gas flow controllers；13 plasma guns；13-1 gun body；

13-2 anode nozzle；13-3 negative electrode；13-4 arc chamber；

13-5 spout；13-6 insulating barrier；14 drive motor；

15 position adjustment controllers；16 three axis numerically controlled machines；About 17 adjusting apparatus；

18 powder mass flow detector units；20 powder feeding flow controllers；

21 air inlet rings；21-1 air inlet ring body；21-2 annular sealing cover；

21-3 annular air inlet duct；Air inlet outside 21-4；Air inlet inside 21-5；

22 powder feeding pipe；23 PCs；24 flow control valves.

Detailed description of the invention

A kind of plasma cladding as shown in Figure 1 manufactures rapid forming equipment, it is characterised in that: by supervising Ore-controlling Role, plasma beam system of processing and print platform composition, described print platform includes for treating into Horizontal stamp pad 4 that type workpiece 3 is placed and the stamp pad that the position of horizontal stamp pad 4 is adjusted Position regulator, described horizontal stamp pad 4 is installed on described stamp pad position regulator.

Described plasma beam system of processing by be provided with shower nozzle and for produce beam-plasma etc. from Daughter generator, beating that described shower nozzle is exported that the distance between horizontal stamp pad 4 is adjusted Print distance adjusting means, the feeder 1 that working gas is provided for described plasma generator and use In sending into sending of printed material continuously in the described beam-plasma that described plasma generator produces Powder device forms；Described plasma generator is positioned at above horizontal stamp pad 4 and it is arranged on described Printing in distance adjusting means, described dust feeder is positioned at above horizontal stamp pad 4 and it is positioned at described Plasma generator side；Described feeder 1 is occurred with described plasma by air supply pipe 5 The air inlet opened on device connects；The powder feeding mouth of described dust feeder is positioned at below the outlet of described shower nozzle And it is positioned on the central axis of described beam-plasma.Described printed material is powder.

As it is shown on figure 3, described monitoring system includes being controlled described stamp pad position regulator Position adjustment controller 15, treat the temperature inspection that shaping workpiece 3 upper surface temperature detects in real time Survey unit 9, described shower nozzle is exported what the distance between horizontal stamp pad 4 detected in real time Distance detector unit 8 and the printing distance regulation being controlled described printing distance adjusting means control Device 10, described position adjustment controller 15 is connected with described stamp pad position regulator, described beats Print distance regulation controller 10 is connected with described printing distance adjusting means, described temperature detecting unit 9 All it is connected apart from regulation controller 10 with printing with distance detector unit 8；Described temperature detecting unit 9 Temperature control device is formed with printing distance regulation controller 10.Described temperature detecting unit 9 is right At described plasma beam system of processing print position on workpiece 3 to be formed, temperature is examined in real time The infrared temperature sensor surveyed.Described distance detector unit 8 is laser range sensor.

In the present embodiment, described monitoring system also includes being controlled described plasma generator The gas flow inspection that plasma generator controller 7, gas flow to air supply pipe 5 detect in real time Survey unit 11 and the gas flow being controlled the flow control valve 24 installed on air supply pipe 5 controls Device 12, described plasma generator controller 7 is connected with described plasma generator, described gas stream Amount detection unit 11 is connected with gas flow controller 12.

As in figure 2 it is shown, described plasma generator includes plasma gun 13, described shower nozzle for wait from The anode nozzle 13-2 of sub-rifle 13 front end；Described plasma gun 13 includes the rifle having described air inlet Body 13-1, it is positioned at the anode nozzle 13-2 of gun body 13-1 dead ahead and is plugged in gun body 13-1 Negative electrode 13-3, described anode nozzle 13-2 are positioned on front side of negative electrode 13-3, described arc chamber 13-4 position On front side of negative electrode 13-3 and it is positioned at the posterior medial of anode nozzle 13-2, described anode nozzle 13-2 Front inner be spout 13-5；Described anode nozzle 13-2, negative electrode 13-3 and arc chamber 13-4 All lay in coaxial with gun body 13-1；Described air inlet is positioned on rear side of gun body 13-1, described spout 13-5 With gun body 13-1 in coaxial lay or and described gun body 13-1 central axis between angle be 30 °～ 45°。

Time actually used, described plasma gun 13 is arranged in described printing distance adjusting means.

Time actually used, described plasma gun 13 can also use other plasma gun of routine.

In the present embodiment, between described anode nozzle 13-2 and gun body 13-1, it is provided with insulating barrier 13-6.

In the present embodiment, as in figure 2 it is shown, described spout 13-5 lays in coaxial with gun body 13-1.

In the present embodiment, described air supply pipe 5 is by air inlet ring 21 and described plasma generator The air inlet opened connects.Further, by air inlet ring 21 in described plasma generator uniformly Supply.

As shown in Figure 4, Figure 5, described air inlet ring 21 for annular and it include air inlet ring body 21-1 It is contained in the annular sealing cover 21-2 on air inlet ring body 21-1, described air inlet ring body 21-1 with lid For having an annular air inlet duct 21-3 on annular and its medial wall, described air inlet ring body 21-1 On have an outside air inlet 21-4 connected with air supply pipe 5 and its inside have multiple inner side and enter Pore 21-5, multiple described inner side air inlet 21-5 the most uniformly lay and it is respectively positioned on ring Inside shape air inlet duct 21-3, described outside air inlet 21-4 is positioned at outside annular air inlet duct 21-3, Described outside air inlet 21-4 and multiple described inner side air inlet 21-5 all with annular air inlet duct 21-3 Inside communicates.

Further, described gun body 13-1 along the circumferential direction has multiple enter with multiple described inner sides respectively The gun body air inlet that pore 21-5 communicates.

During plasma gun 13 as shown in Figure 2 uses, produce in described arc chamber 13-4 wait from Daughter, produced plasma forms beam-plasma and sprays through spout 13-5.

In the present embodiment, described working gas is noble gas or H₂Gas.

Wherein, noble gas is Ar gas, He gas and N₂Gas.

In the present embodiment, described stamp pad position regulator is three axis numerically controlled machine 16.

Thus, described position adjustment controller 15 is the controller of three axis numerically controlled machine 16.

Time actually used, described stamp pad position regulator can also use other can complete X, Y Device with three direction motions of Z axis.

During actually used, described plasma generator produce beam-plasma central axis with Angle between vertical plane is not more than 45 °；Described printing distance adjusting means is along described beam-plasma Central axis adjusting apparatus 17 up and down that described shower nozzle is adjusted up and down, described distance detection is single Unit 8 be to along described beam-plasma central axis from described shower nozzle export to horizontal stamp pad 4 it Between the distance detection device that detects in real time of distance.

In the present embodiment, described upper and lower adjusting apparatus 17 is Z-direction adjusting apparatus.

Further, described upper and lower adjusting apparatus 17 is telescopic hydraulic cylinder.

In the present embodiment, the central axis of the beam-plasma that described plasma generator produces is in vertically To laying.Time actually used, can according to specific needs, described plasma generator is produced etc. Angle between central axis and the vertical plane of ion beam adjusts accordingly.

In the present embodiment, described dust feeder includes powder feeder 2 and powder-feeding mouth 6, described dust feeder The meal outlet that powder feeding mouth is powder-feeding mouth 6；Described powder feeder 2 includes that having charging aperture exports with powder feeding Shell and the powder feeding wheel that is arranged in described shell, described powder feeding wheel drives by driving motor 14 Dynamic；Described powder feeding outlet is connected by the powder inlet of powder feeding pipe 22 with powder-feeding mouth 6.Described powder is The powder of workpiece 3 material therefor (i.e. printed material) to be formed, to the shape of powder without particular/special requirement.

In the present embodiment, described driving motor 14 is direct current generator.During actually used, pass through Change the rotating speed of described direct current generator, the powder feeding flow of powder feeding pipe 22 is carried out simplicity, quickly adjusts.

In the present embodiment, as it is shown on figure 3, described monitoring system also includes the powder feeding to powder feeding pipe 22 Powder mass flow detector unit 18 that flow detects in real time and to driving what motor 14 was controlled to send Powder flow controller 20, described powder mass flow detector unit 18 is connected with powder feeding flow controller 20.

Time actually used, described monitoring system also include respectively to horizontal stamp pad 4 in X-axis, Y-axis The first displacement detecting unit of detecting in real time with the displacement in Z-direction, the second displacement detecting unit With triple motion detector unit, described first displacement detecting unit, the second displacement detecting unit and the 3rd Move detector unit to be all connected with position adjustment controller 15.

In the present embodiment, described plasma generator controller 7, gas flow controller 12, position are adjusted Whole controller 15, print distance regulation controller 10 and powder feeding flow controller 20 all with described data Processing equipment connects, and described data handling equipment is PC 23.Described feeder 1 is by PC 23 carry out on off control.

A kind of plasma cladding as shown in Figure 6 manufactures quick molding method, comprises the following steps:

Step one, workpiece three-dimensional stereo model to be formed obtain and hierarchy slicing processes: use at data Reason equipment and call image processing module and obtain the three-dimensional stereo model of workpiece 3 to be formed, recalls point Layer section module is treated as the three-dimensional stereo model of type workpiece 3 and carries out hierarchy slicing, and obtains multiple points Layer cross section image；

Multiple described layering cross-sectional images are to treat the three-dimensional stereo model of shaping workpiece 3 to carry out layering and cut Obtaining the image in multiple layering cross section after sheet, multiple described layering cross sections are the most uniformly laid；

Step 4, the most successively printing: according to the multiple described layering cross section obtained in step 3 Printing path, the most successively treat shaping workpiece 3 and print, it is thus achieved that by multiple shape layers The finished workpart stacked from the bottom to top；The quantity of described shape layer is cut with layering described in step one The quantity in face is identical, the installation position of multiple described shape layers respectively with the cloth in multiple described layering cross sections If position one_to_one corresponding and its thickness are the most identical, the thickness of described shape layer and adjacent two described layerings Distance between cross section is identical, and in step 3, the printing path in multiple described layering cross sections is the most multiple The printing path of described shape layer；The Method of printing of multiple described shape layers is the most identical；Treat molding work When part 3 prints, process is as follows:

Step 401, bottom print: described position adjustment controller 15 is according to acquired in step 3 The printing path of current institute printing shaping layer, is controlled described stamp pad position regulator and carries Dynamic horizontal stamp pad 4 moves in the horizontal plane；In described horizontal stamp pad 4 moving process, institute State plasma beam system of processing interior band melts the plasma beam of liquid stream to be sprayed onto level continuously and print On platform 4；After melted liquid stream (specifically flowing to the melted liquid stream on horizontal stamp pad 4) all solidifies, Complete the print procedure of current institute printing shaping layer；

Step 402, last layer print, and comprise the following steps:

Step 4021, horizontal stamp pad move down: described position adjustment controller 15 is described by controlling Stamp pad position regulator, drive horizontal stamp pad 4 in the vertical direction once moves down And it is identical with the thickness of described shape layer to move down height；

Step 4022, print and synchronize temperature control: described position adjustment controller 15 is according in step 3 The printing path of acquired current institute printing shaping layer, is carried out described stamp pad position regulator Control and drive horizontal stamp pad 4 to move in the horizontal plane；Described horizontal stamp pad 4 is moved through Cheng Zhong, interior band is melted the plasma beam of liquid stream and is sprayed onto continuously and works as by described plasma beam system of processing Before the most printed described shape layer of the next one upper surface on；Liquid stream to be melted (specifically flow to work as Before the most printed described shape layer of the next one upper surface on melted liquid stream) all after solidification, complete The print procedure of current institute printing shaping layer；

In this step, in described horizontal stamp pad 4 moving process, by temperature detecting unit 9 to working as Before the upper surface temperature of the most printed described shape layer of the next one detect in real time and will be detected Temperature information synchronous driving is to printing distance regulation controller 10, simultaneously by distance detector unit 8 Described shower nozzle exports the distance between horizontal stamp pad 4 detect in real time and will be detected Range information synchronous driving is to printing distance regulation controller 10；The described distance that prints regulates controller 10 temperature informations detected according to temperature detecting unit 9 and by control described print distance regulation The distance that described shower nozzle is exported between horizontal stamp pad 4 by device is adjusted, and makes currently to beat The upper surface temperature of the described shape layer of the printed next one is not higher than the material fusing point of workpiece 3 to be formed 0.6 times；

Described in step 401 and step 4022 in horizontal stamp pad 4 moving process, described powder feeding fills Put and send printed material continuously, the beam-plasma simultaneously produced by described plasma beam system of processing Sent printed material is melted, and makes the molten melt drop of sent printed material fusing formation Continuously and form liquid stream；Described liquid stream is distributed in described beam-plasma, the melted liquid stream of band in being formed Plasma beam；Described printed material is dusty material (i.e. powder)；

Step 403, step 402 is repeated several times, until completing all shape layers of workpiece 3 to be formed Print procedure.

During actually used, described dust feeder is synchronous powder feeding system device, and described dust feeder is sent Powder send under the effect of described working gas (beam-plasma includes unionized working gas) In described plasma generator, and send into the powder acceleration in described beam-plasma, heat and melt For melted liquid stream.Further, at described working gas, (beam-plasma includes unionized described melted liquid stream Working gas) effect under move along the central axis of described beam-plasma.Thus, actually used During, by changing the flow of described working gas, also can be to the powder sending quantity sent in beam-plasma Adjust accordingly.

In the present embodiment, before step 4 the most successively prints, described in step one at data Reason equipment is first according to the material fusing point pre-build and printing range data storehouse, and combines by parameter defeated Enter the Material Name of the workpiece to be formed 3 that unit pre-enters, treat the basis printing of shaping workpiece 3 Distance is determined；Described parameter input unit connects with described data handling equipment；

Before step 401 carries out bottom printing, described print distance regulation controller 10 according to away from The range information that detected from detector unit 8 and by controlling described printing distance adjusting means by described Distance between outlet and the horizontal stamp pad 4 of shower nozzle is adjusted to described basis and prints distance；Step In 401 in bottom print procedure, the distance between outlet and the horizontal stamp pad 4 of described shower nozzle is institute State basis and print distance；

Before carrying out in step 4022 printing and synchronizing temperature control, the described distance that prints regulates controller 10 According to the distance range information that detected of detector unit 8 and combine moving down time of horizontal stamp pad 4 Count and move down height every time, and by controlling described printing distance adjusting means by described shower nozzle Distance between the upper surface of outlet and the most printed described shape layer of the next one is adjusted to institute State basis and print distance；Described shower nozzle is exported between horizontal stamp pad 4 by step 4022 When distance is adjusted, described printing distance regulation controller 10 is examined according to temperature detecting unit 9 The temperature information surveyed also combines the outlet to described shower nozzle of the distance range information that detected of detector unit 8 And the distance between horizontal stamp pad 4 is adjusted, make the most printed described molding of the next one The upper surface temperature of layer controls between 0.1 times～0.6 times of the material fusing point of workpiece 3 to be formed； Further, described shower nozzle is exported the distance between horizontal stamp pad 4 when being adjusted, regulate width Degree is 5mm～60mm, and material fusing point is the highest, and the amplitude of accommodation is the least.

In the present embodiment, before step 4 the most successively prints, described in step one at data Reason equipment is first according to the gas pre-build and powder mass flow data base, and combines set in advance described The thickness of shape layer, is carried out the base gas flow of air supply pipe 5 and the powder feeding flow of powder feeding pipe 22 Determine；

Needed for described gas and powder mass flow databases contain the shape layer of multiple different thickness Powder feeding flow and base gas flow；Described base gas flow is 5ml/min～500ml/min, and The powder feeding flow of powder feeding pipe 22 is the biggest, and described base gas flow is the biggest；

Described in step 401 and step 4022 in horizontal stamp pad 4 moving process, described powder stream The powder feeding flow of powder feeding pipe 22 is detected and by detected synchronizing information by amount detection unit 18 in real time Being sent to powder feeding flow controller 20, described powder feeding flow controller 20 is according to predetermined powder feeding The powder feeding flow of pipe 22 the detected information of combining powder flow detection unit 18 are to driving motor 14 Being controlled, the powder feeding flow making powder feeding pipe 22 is all identical with predetermined powder feeding flow；

Before carrying out bottom printing in step 401, described gas flow controller 12 is according to gas stream The detected information of amount detection unit 11 and by control flow control valve 24 by the gas stream of air supply pipe 5 Amount is adjusted to described base gas flow；In step 401 in bottom print procedure, described air supply pipe 5 Gas flow be described base gas flow；

Step 4022 is carried out print and synchronize in temperature control process, described gas flow controller 12 According to 11 detection information of detection of gas flow rate unit and combine distance 8 detecting distance of detector unit letter Breath, and by controlling flow control valve 24, the gas flow of air supply pipe 5 is carried out increase and decrease adjustment；And And, the distance between outlet and the horizontal stamp pad 4 of described shower nozzle is the biggest, the gas of described air supply pipe 5 Body flow is the biggest.

In the present embodiment, when obtaining the three-dimensional stereo model of described workpiece to be formed 3, utilize pro/e, The three-dimensional stereo model that the three-dimensional graphics software such as UG, CATIA designs workpiece 3 to be formed is (i.e. three-dimensional Physical model), then by described hierarchy slicing module, this three-dimensional stereo model is carried out hierarchy slicing, And obtain the outline data in each cross section, outline data generate and fill scanning pattern, corresponding obtain three axles The machining path (printing path in the most each layering cross section) of Digit Control Machine Tool 16.Thus, step one and Method employed in step 2, with conventional laser selective melting molding or electron beam selective melting molding The method used is identical.Afterwards, described three axis numerically controlled machine 16 exists according to the machining path obtained Carrying out in X and Y direction motor process on horizontal plane, described plasma beam system of processing is by interior band The plasma beam of melted liquid stream is sprayed onto on horizontal stamp pad 4 or the most printed current next one continuously On the upper surface of described shape layer；After melted liquid stream all solidifies, complete the printed of a shape layer Journey；Then, described three axis numerically controlled machine 16 declines in the Z-axis direction, successively prints, thus complete Become the print procedure of 3 d part.

In the present embodiment, described in step 401 and step 4022 in horizontal stamp pad 4 moving process, The powder feeding flow of described powder feeding pipe 22 is 2g/min～200g/min；

Distance between powder feeding mouth and the print job face of described dust feeder is 5mm～1000mm.Its In, print job face is the plane residing for current institute printing shaping layer, the powder feeding mouth of described dust feeder And the distance between described print job face is powder feeding height.

In the present embodiment, before step 4 the most successively prints, by sending of described dust feeder Distance between powder mouth and horizontal stamp pad 4 is adjusted to powder feeding set in advance height, and described powder feeding is high Degree is 5mm～1000mm；In step 4 the most successively in print procedure, described dust feeder Powder feeding mouth position is motionless.

Distance between powder feeding mouth and the horizontal stamp pad 4 of dust feeder described in step 401 is wire feed Highly, the powder feeding mouth of dust feeder described in step 4022 is described with the most printed next one Distance between shape layer upper surface is wire feed height.

Embodiment 2

In the present embodiment, as it is shown in fig. 7, the plasma cladding that used manufacture rapid forming equipment with Unlike embodiment 1: the angle between described spout 13-5 and gun body 13-1 central axis is 30 °～45 °.

So, after the direction of described beam-plasma being changed by spout 13-5, can effectively subtract The thermic load impact that anode nozzle 13-2 is produced by few plasma jet, improves anode ablation situation.

In the present embodiment, used plasma cladding manufacture rapid forming equipment remainder structure, Annexation and operation principle are the most same as in Example 1.

In the present embodiment, it is same as in Example 1 that the plasma cladding used manufactures quick molding method.

The above, be only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, not impose any restrictions the present invention, every Any simple modification, change and equivalent structure above example made according to the technology of the present invention essence Change, all still falls within the protection domain of technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. a plasma cladding manufactures rapid forming equipment, it is characterised in that: by monitoring system, etc. Ion beam current system of processing and print platform composition, described print platform includes for workpiece to be formed (3) The horizontal stamp pad (4) placed and the stamp pad position that the position of horizontal stamp pad (4) is adjusted Putting adjusting apparatus, described horizontal stamp pad (4) is installed on described stamp pad position regulator；

Described plasma beam system of processing by be provided with shower nozzle and for produce beam-plasma etc. from Daughter generator, the distance between outlet and the horizontal stamp pad (4) of described shower nozzle is adjusted Printing distance adjusting means, for described plasma generator provide working gas feeder (1) and for sending in the described beam-plasma that described plasma generator produces continuously print The dust feeder composition of material；Described plasma generator be positioned at horizontal stamp pad (4) top and It is arranged in described printing distance adjusting means, and described dust feeder is positioned at horizontal stamp pad (4) Top and its be positioned at described plasma generator side；Described feeder (1) passes through air supply pipe (5) it is connected with the air inlet opened on described plasma generator；The powder feeding of described dust feeder Mouth is positioned at below the outlet of described shower nozzle and it is positioned on the central axis of described beam-plasma；

Described monitoring system includes the position adjustment being controlled described stamp pad position regulator Controller (15), treat the temperature detection that shaping workpiece (3) upper surface temperature detects in real time Unit (9), the distance between outlet and the horizontal stamp pad (4) of described shower nozzle is examined in real time The distance detector unit (8) surveyed and the printing distance that described printing distance adjusting means is controlled Regulation controller (10), described position adjustment controller (15) fills with described stamp pad position adjustment Putting connection, described printing distance regulation controller (10) is connected with described printing distance adjusting means, Described temperature detecting unit (9) and distance detector unit (8) all regulate controller (10) with printing distance Connect；Described temperature detecting unit (9) is adjusted with printing distance regulation controller (10) composition temperature Control device.

2. manufacture rapid forming equipment, its feature according to a kind of plasma cladding described in claim 1 It is: described monitoring system also includes that the plasma being controlled described plasma generator occurs The detection of gas flow rate list that controller (7), gas flow to air supply pipe (5) detect in real time The gas stream that unit (11) and the flow control valve (24) installed upper to air supply pipe (5) are controlled Amount controller (12), described plasma generator controller (7) is with described plasma generator even Connecing, described detection of gas flow rate unit (11) is connected with gas flow controller (12).

3. manufacture rapid forming equipment according to a kind of plasma cladding described in claim 1 or 2, its Being characterised by: described plasma generator includes plasma gun (13), described shower nozzle is plasma The anode nozzle (13-2) of rifle (13) front end；Described plasma gun (13) enters described in including having The gun body (13-1) of QI KOU, it is positioned at the anode nozzle (13-2) of gun body (13-1) dead ahead and inserts The negative electrode (13-3) being loaded in gun body (13-1), described anode nozzle (13-2) is positioned at negative electrode (13-3) Front side, described arc chamber (13-4) is positioned at negative electrode (13-3) front side and it is positioned at anode nozzle (13-2) Posterior medial, the front inner of described anode nozzle (13-2) is spout (13-5)；Described sun Pole nozzle (13-2), negative electrode (13-3) and arc chamber (13-4) all with gun body (13-1) in Axle is laid；Described air inlet is positioned at gun body (13-1) rear side, described spout (13-5) and gun body (13-1) In coaxial lay or and gun body (13-1) central axis between angle be 30 °～45 °.

4. manufacture rapid forming equipment according to a kind of plasma cladding described in claim 1 or 2, its It is characterised by: described dust feeder includes powder feeder (2) and powder-feeding mouth (6), described dust feeder The meal outlet that powder feeding mouth is powder-feeding mouth (6)；Described powder feeder (2) includes having charging aperture and sending The shell of powder outlet and the powder feeding wheel being arranged in described shell, described powder feeding wheel is by driving motor (14) It is driven；Described powder feeding outlet is connected by the powder inlet of powder feeding pipe (22) with powder-feeding mouth (6).

5. manufacture rapid forming equipment, its feature according to a kind of plasma cladding described in claim 4 It is: described monitoring system also includes the powder detected the powder feeding flow of powder feeding pipe (22) in real time Later and decadent stage of a school of thought amount detection unit (18) and the powder feeding flow controller (20) that driving motor (14) is controlled, Described powder mass flow detector unit (18) is connected with powder feeding flow controller (20).

6. manufacture rapid forming equipment according to a kind of plasma cladding described in claim 1 or 2, its It is characterised by: described stamp pad position regulator is three axis numerically controlled machine (16)；

Folder between central axis and the vertical plane of the beam-plasma that described plasma generator produces Angle is not more than 45 °；Described printing distance adjusting means is to institute along the central axis of described beam-plasma Stating the adjusting apparatus up and down (17) that shower nozzle adjusts up and down, described distance detector unit (8) is To central axis the exporting between horizontal stamp pad (4) from described shower nozzle along described beam-plasma The distance detection device that detects in real time of distance.

7. one kind utilizes rapid forming equipment as claimed in claim 1 to treat what shaping workpiece was shaped Method, it is characterised in that: the method comprises the following steps:

Step one, workpiece three-dimensional stereo model to be formed obtain and hierarchy slicing processes: use at data Reason equipment and call image processing module and obtain the three-dimensional stereo model of workpiece to be formed (3), then adjusts The three-dimensional stereo model treating shaping workpiece (3) by hierarchy slicing module carries out hierarchy slicing, and obtains Obtain multiple layering cross-sectional images；

Multiple described layering cross-sectional images are to treat the three-dimensional stereo model of shaping workpiece (3) to carry out point The image in multiple layering cross section is obtained, multiple described layering cross sections uniform cloth from the bottom to top after layer section If；

Step 4, the most successively printing: according to the multiple described layering cross section obtained in step 3 Printing path, the most successively treat shaping workpiece (3) and print, it is thus achieved that by multiple one-tenth The finished workpart that type layer stacks from the bottom to top；The quantity of described shape layer is divided with described in step one The quantity of layer cross section is identical, the installation position of multiple described shape layers respectively with multiple described layering cross sections Installation position one_to_one corresponding and its thickness the most identical, the thickness of described shape layer with described in adjacent two Distance between layering cross section is identical, and in step 3, the printing path in multiple described layering cross sections is respectively The printing path of multiple described shape layers；Treating shaping workpiece (3) when printing, process is as follows:

Step 401, bottom print: described position adjustment controller (15) is obtained according in step 3 The printing path of the current institute printing shaping layer taken, is controlled described stamp pad position regulator And drive horizontal stamp pad (4) to move in the horizontal plane；Described horizontal stamp pad (4) is mobile During, the plasma beam that interior band melts liquid stream is sprayed onto by described plasma beam system of processing continuously On horizontal stamp pad (4)；After melted liquid stream all solidifies, complete beating of current institute's printing shaping layer Print process；

Step 402, last layer print, and comprise the following steps:

Step 4021, horizontal stamp pad move down: described position adjustment controller (15) is by controlling institute State stamp pad position regulator, drive horizontal stamp pad (4) in the vertical direction carry out once to Lower movement and move down height the most identical with the thickness of described shape layer；

Step 4022, print and synchronize temperature control: described position adjustment controller (15) is according to step 3 The printing path of the current institute printing shaping layer acquired in, enters described stamp pad position regulator Row controls and drives horizontal stamp pad (4) to move in the horizontal plane；Described horizontal stamp pad (4) In moving process, the plasma beam that interior band is melted liquid stream by described plasma beam system of processing is continuous It is sprayed onto on the upper surface of the most printed described shape layer of the next one；Liquid stream to be melted all solidifies After, complete the print procedure of current institute printing shaping layer；

In this step, in described horizontal stamp pad (4) moving process, by temperature detecting unit (9) The upper surface temperature of the most printed described shape layer of the next one is detected and in real time by institute Detection temperature information synchronous driving is to printing distance regulation controller (10), simultaneously by distance detection Distance between outlet and the horizontal stamp pad (4) of described shower nozzle is detected by unit (8) in real time And by the range information synchronous driving detected to printing distance regulation controller (10)；Described printing Distance regulation controller (10) temperature information that detected according to temperature detecting unit (9) and passing through Control described printing distance adjusting means between outlet and the horizontal stamp pad (4) of described shower nozzle Distance is adjusted, and makes the upper surface temperature of the most printed described shape layer of the next one not higher than 0.6 times of the material fusing point of workpiece to be formed (3)；

In the moving process of horizontal stamp pad (4) described in step 401 and step 4022, described powder feeding Device sends printed material, the plasma simultaneously produced by described plasma beam system of processing continuously Sent printed material is melted by bundle, and makes the fused solution of sent printed material fusing formation Drip continuously and form liquid stream；Described liquid stream is distributed in described beam-plasma, the melted liquid stream of band in being formed Plasma beam；

Step 403, step 402 is repeated several times, until completing workpiece to be formed (3) all shape layers Print procedure.

8. according to treating, described in claim 7, the method that shaping workpiece is shaped, it is characterised in that: Before the most successively printing in step 4, data handling equipment described in step one is first according in advance The material fusing point set up and print range data storehouse, and combine and pre-entered by parameter input unit The Material Name of workpiece to be formed (3), the basis printing distance treating shaping workpiece (3) is carried out really Fixed；Described parameter input unit connects with described data handling equipment；

Before carrying out bottom printing in step 401, the described distance that prints regulates controller (10) basis Distance detector unit (8) range information that detected and by controlling described printing distance adjusting means Distance between outlet and the horizontal stamp pad (4) of described shower nozzle is adjusted to described basis print away from From；In step 401 in bottom print procedure, the outlet of described shower nozzle and horizontal stamp pad (4) it Between distance be described basis print distance；

Before carrying out in step 4022 printing and synchronizing temperature control, the described distance that prints regulates controller (10) According to distance detector unit (8) range information that detected and combine the downward of horizontal stamp pad (4) Move number of times and move down height every time, and by controlling described printing distance adjusting means by described Distance between outlet and the upper surface of the most printed described shape layer of the next one of shower nozzle is adjusted Joint prints distance for described basis；To the outlet of described shower nozzle and horizontal stamp pad (4) in step 4022 Between distance when being adjusted, described printing distance regulation controller (10) is according to temperature detection list Unit (9) temperature information that detected also combines the range information pair that distance detector unit (8) is detected Distance between outlet and the horizontal stamp pad (4) of described shower nozzle is adjusted, and makes currently to print The upper surface temperature of the good described shape layer of the next one controls the material fusing point at workpiece to be formed (3) 0.1 times～0.6 times between；Further, between outlet and the horizontal stamp pad (4) of described shower nozzle Distance when being adjusted, the amplitude of accommodation is 5mm～60mm, and material fusing point is the highest, the amplitude of accommodation The least.

9. according to treating, described in claim 7 or 8, the method that shaping workpiece is shaped, its feature It is: described dust feeder includes powder feeder (2) and powder-feeding mouth (6), sending of described dust feeder Powder mouth is the meal outlet of powder-feeding mouth (6)；Described powder feeder (2) includes that having charging aperture goes out with powder feeding Mouthful shell and the powder feeding wheel that is arranged in described shell, described powder feeding wheel enters by driving motor (14) Row cutting；Described powder feeding outlet is connected by the powder inlet of powder feeding pipe (22) with powder-feeding mouth (6)；

Described monitoring system also includes that the plasma being controlled described plasma generator occurs The detection of gas flow rate list that controller (7), gas flow to air supply pipe (5) detect in real time The gas stream that unit (11), the flow control valve (24) installed upper to air supply pipe (5) are controlled The powder mass flow inspection that amount controller (12), powder feeding flow to powder feeding pipe (22) detect in real time Survey unit (18) and to the powder feeding flow controller (20) driving motor (14) to be controlled, institute State powder mass flow detector unit (18) to be connected with powder feeding flow controller (20)；Described plasma is sent out Raw controller (7) is connected with described plasma generator, described detection of gas flow rate unit (11) Being connected with gas flow controller (12), described distance detector unit (8) controls with gas flow Device (12) connects；

In step 4 the most successively print before, data handling equipment elder generation described in step one according to The gas pre-build and powder mass flow data base, and combine the layer of described shape layer set in advance Thickness, is determined the base gas flow of air supply pipe (5) and the powder feeding flow of powder feeding pipe (6)；

Needed for described gas and powder mass flow databases contain the shape layer of multiple different thickness Powder feeding flow and base gas flow；Described base gas flow is 5ml/min～500ml/min, and The powder feeding flow of powder feeding pipe (6) is the biggest, and described base gas flow is the biggest；

In the moving process of horizontal stamp pad (4) described in step 401 and step 4022, described powder The powder feeding flow of powder feeding pipe (22) is detected and will be detected by flow detection unit (18) in real time Synchronizing information is sent to powder feeding flow controller (20), described powder feeding flow controller (20) basis Powder feeding flow the combining powder flow detection unit (18) of predetermined powder feeding pipe (22) are examined Measurement information, to driving motor (14) to be controlled, makes the powder feeding flow of powder feeding pipe (22) all with in advance The powder feeding flow determined is identical；

Before carrying out bottom printing in step 401, described gas flow controller (12) is according to gas Flow detection unit (11) detected information and by control flow control valve (24) by air supply pipe (5) Gas flow be adjusted to described base gas flow；In step 401 in bottom print procedure, described The gas flow of air supply pipe (5) is described base gas flow；

Step 4022 is carried out print and synchronize in temperature control process, described gas flow controller (12) According to detection of gas flow rate unit (11) institute detection information and combine distance detector unit (8) examined Survey range information, and by controlling flow control valve (24), the gas flow of air supply pipe (5) is entered Row increase and decrease adjusts；Further, the distance between outlet and the horizontal stamp pad (4) of described shower nozzle is the biggest, The gas flow of described air supply pipe (5) is the biggest.

10., according to treating, described in claim 7 or 8, the method that shaping workpiece is shaped, it is special Levy and be: be in the moving process of horizontal stamp pad (4) described in step 401 and step 4022, described The powder feeding flow of powder feeding pipe (22) is 2g/min～200g/min；

Before step 4 the most successively prints, the powder feeding mouth of described dust feeder is beaten with level Distance between ink pad (4) be adjusted to powder feeding set in advance height, described powder feeding be highly 5mm～ 1000mm；In step 4 the most successively in print procedure, the powder feeding mouth position of described dust feeder Motionless.