CN105907841B - 基于磁性功能化pdms芯片的蛋白激酶活性检测方法 - Google Patents
基于磁性功能化pdms芯片的蛋白激酶活性检测方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种基于磁性功能化PDMS芯片的蛋白激酶活性检测方法，属于微流控芯片技术领域。利用去甲肾上腺素在弱碱性条件下自聚合生成聚去甲肾上腺素包裹在Fe3O4磁性纳米颗粒表面，制成Fe3O4@聚去甲肾上腺素纳米颗粒，通过外磁场将其固定于PDMS芯片通道内，再通过螯合反应把Ti4+固定于Fe3O4@聚去甲肾上腺素功能化PDMS芯片通道内，利用Ti4+与磷酸根之间的相互作用，在微流控芯片通道内实现了未磷酸化多肽与磷酸化多肽的分离，并用于对蛋白激酶活性的快速和灵敏检测。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于微流控芯片技术领域，具体涉及了一种基于磁性功能化PDMS芯片的蛋白激酶活性检测方法。
背景技术
蛋白质激酶是参与蛋白质磷酸化修饰的最主要的一类酶，它能够将三磷酸腺苷（ATP）上γ位的磷酸根转移到底物蛋白的丝氨酸、苏氨酸或酪氨酸等残基上。蛋白质激酶A（PKA）可以催化底物多肽上的丝氨酸发生磷酸化反应。磷酸化与细胞内的信号级联放大系统关系密切，如果蛋白质的磷酸化过程发生紊乱，会导致细胞周期调控的异常，继而引发一系列疾病，因此细胞内蛋白质激酶和磷酸酶活性的稳定对细胞保持正常状态十分重要。癌症的发生与某些蛋白质的磷酸化水平息息相关，蛋白质激酶和磷酸酶水平的精确检测对于癌症等重大疾病的早期诊断和治疗具有十分重大的意义。蛋白激酶的检测方法主要有标记法、生物素法、电化学方法以及荧光法等，然而大部分检测方法需要偶联及标记过程，使得蛋白激酶检测过程复杂，检测结果易受到外界环境的影响。因此，发展免标记、快速高效、简单灵敏的蛋白激酶检测方法具有重要意义。
微流控芯片毛细管电泳是近年快速发展且具有广泛应用的新技术，由于微芯片通量高、体积小、分析速度快、易于微型化等优点，可实现对生化样本更加快速和高效的分离分析。去甲肾上腺素（NE）是一种类多巴胺的儿茶酚胺类小分子，在弱碱性条件下即可自聚合生成聚去甲肾上腺素（PNE）而能粘附在几乎所有材料的表面。去甲肾上腺素的化学结构中存在儿茶酚羟基，使得PNE可以和金属离子（如Zr4+，Ti4+等）发生螯合作用。我们利用PNE的这种特性，制备了磁性Fe3O4@PNE-Ti4+作为一种高效富集和分离磷酸化多肽的复合纳米材料，成功地固定于微芯片通道内作为固定相，并首次在 PDMS 通道内实现了未磷酸化多肽与磷酸化多肽的分离以及激酶活性的检测。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种基于磁性功能化PDMS芯片的蛋白激酶活性检测方法，它具有简单、绿色、免标记的特点。
本发明是这样实现的，基于磁性功能化PDMS芯片的蛋白激酶活性检测方法，其特征在于方法步骤如下：
（1）合成Fe3O4@聚去甲肾上腺素纳米颗粒：将25 mg采用水热法合成的Fe3O4磁性纳米粒子置于三颈瓶中，加入10 mL 50 mM pH 8.5的三羟甲基氨基甲烷盐酸盐缓冲溶液，室温下机械搅拌2 h，再加入30 mg去甲肾上腺素并反应24 h，用外加磁铁将产物分离出来，用超纯水清洗三次，制成Fe3O4@聚去甲肾上腺素纳米颗粒；
（2）制备Fe3O4@聚去甲肾上腺素-Ti4+功能化PDMS芯片通道：PDMS芯片通道先用超纯水冲洗10 min后，在芯片通道的上方和下方分别放置两块永久磁铁，用真空泵将步骤（1）合成的Fe3O4@聚去甲肾上腺素纳米颗粒溶液抽入分离通道中，用50 mM pH 8.5的三羟甲基氨基甲烷盐酸盐缓冲溶液冲洗分离通道5 min，再用真空泵将Ti(SO4)2溶液抽入分离通道中5 min，静置4 h，用超纯水冲洗分离通道去除残余的Ti(SO4)2，得到Fe3O4@聚去甲肾上腺素-Ti4+功能化PDMS芯片通道；
（3）检测蛋白激酶活性：在含有10 mM MgCl2的50 mM pH 8.5的三羟甲基氨基甲烷盐酸盐缓冲液中加入多肽、三磷酸腺苷和蛋白激酶，于37 °C水浴反应1 h，用真空泵将反应产物抽入Fe3O4@聚去甲肾上腺素-Ti4+功能化PDMS芯片通道内，记录磷酸化多肽的电流信号，峰面积的大小与磷酸化多肽的浓度以及蛋白激酶的活性呈正相关，实现了对蛋白激酶活性的检测。
本发明将制备好的Fe3O4@聚去甲肾上腺素纳米颗粒固定于PDMS芯片通道内，通入Ti(SO4)2，利用聚去甲肾上腺素的酚羟基与Ti4+的螯合作用将Ti4+固定于Fe3O4@聚去甲肾上腺素纳米颗粒表面，形成Fe3O4@聚去甲肾上腺素-Ti4+固定相；在蛋白激酶的催化作用下，多肽发生磷酸化，Ti4+可以与磷酸化多肽上的磷酸根发生相互作用，而与未磷酸化多肽不发生作用，据此实现了磷酸化多肽和未磷酸化多肽在Fe3O4@聚去甲肾上腺素功能化PDMS芯片中的分离，蛋白激酶的活性越高，磷酸化多肽越多，检测到的磷酸化多肽的峰面积越大，峰面积与蛋白激酶的活性呈正相关，据此实现对蛋白激酶活性的定量检测。
本发明的技术效果是：利用去甲肾上腺素在弱碱性条件下自聚合生成聚去甲肾上腺素包裹在Fe3O4磁性纳米颗粒表面，制成Fe3O4@聚去甲肾上腺素纳米颗粒，通过外磁场将其固定于PDMS芯片通道内，再通过螯合反应把Ti4+固定于Fe3O4@聚去甲肾上腺素功能化PDMS芯片通道内，利用Ti4+可与磷酸根相互作用的特性，在PDMS芯片通道内实现了未磷酸化多肽与磷酸化多肽的分离，采用电化学方法检测磷酸化多肽的电流信号，根据峰面积的大小判断蛋白激酶的活性。该方法简单、易于操作、灵敏度高且响应快。
附图说明
图1是Fe3O4@PNE-Ti4+的制备及PDMS芯片通道修饰过程示意图。
图2是（A）Fe3O4 NPs和（B）Fe3O4@PNE NPs的SEM图，（C）在无（1）和有（2）外加磁铁时Fe3O4@PNE NPs的照片图。
图3是（a）Fe3O4 NPs，（b）NE，（c）PNE，（d）Fe3O4@PNE NPs，（e）Ti(SO4)2和（f）Fe3O4@PNE-Ti4+ NPs的红外光谱图。
图4是运行缓冲溶液pH对（a）PDMS芯片和（b）Fe3O4@PNE-Ti4+ NPs修饰PDMS芯片EOF的影响。
图5是未磷酸化多肽和磷酸化多肽在（a）PDMS芯片，（b）Fe3O4@PNE修饰PDMS芯片和（c）Fe3O4@PNE-Ti4+修饰PDMS芯片上的电泳分离图；（d）多肽+ATP和（e）多肽+PKA在Fe3O4@PNE-Ti4+修饰PDMS芯片上的电泳图。
图6是PKA检测的校正曲线图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步阐述，本发明并不限于此；
实施例1
（1）合成Fe3O4@聚去甲肾上腺素纳米颗粒：将1.35 g FeCl3·6H2O溶于40 mL乙二醇中，再加入3.6 g无水NaAc和1.0 g聚乙二醇，超声20 min后，将混合溶液转移到高压反应釜中于180 °C反应6 h，待高压釜冷却至室温后，将制得的黑色磁性纳米粒子用超纯水清洗数次，将产物溶于4 mL超纯水中，得到浓度为50.2 mg/mL的Fe3O4 NPs；将25 mg的Fe3O4 NPs置于三颈瓶中，加入10 mL 50 mM pH 8.5的三羟甲基氨基甲烷盐酸盐（Tris-HCl）缓冲溶液，室温下机械搅拌2 h，再加入30 mg去甲肾上腺素并反应24 h，用外加磁铁将产物分离出来，用超纯水清洗三次，制成Fe3O4@聚去甲肾上腺素（Fe3O4@PNE）纳米颗粒；
（2）制备Fe3O4@PNE-Ti4+功能化PDMS芯片通道：PDMS芯片通道先用超纯水冲洗10min后，在芯片的上方和下方分别放置两块永久磁铁，磁铁放置在分离通道上距离十字交叉口1 cm处，用于控制通道内Fe3O4@PNE的位置，用真空泵Fe3O4@PNE纳米颗粒溶液抽入分离通道中，用50 mM pH 8.5的Tris-HCl缓冲溶液冲洗分离通道5 min，再用真空泵将Ti(SO4)2溶液抽入分离通道中5 min，静置4 h，用超纯水冲洗分离通道去除残余的Ti(SO4)2，得到Fe3O4@PNE-Ti4+功能化PDMS芯片通道。Fe3O4@PNE的制备及PDMS芯片通道修饰过程如图1所示。
图2是Fe3O4@PNE NPs和Fe3O4 NPs的SEM图。由图2A可见，Fe3O4 NPs的直径约为122nm，分散性好且分布均匀；Fe3O4@PNE NPs的直径约为142 nm（图2B），表明Fe3O4 NPs表面涂覆了厚度约为10 nm的PNE薄膜。由图2C可见，Fe3O4@PNE NPs悬浮液分散均匀且呈黑色（瓶1），当在该悬浮液附近施加一个外磁场时，Fe3O4@PNE NPs迅速朝向磁铁方向移动，而溶液则澄清透明（瓶2），表明Fe3O4@PNE NPs具有很好的磁性，通过外部磁场可将Fe3O4@PNE NPs固定在PDMS微芯片通道的任何位置。
图3是Fe3O4@PNE-Ti4+ NPs的红外光谱图。由图可见，Fe3O4 NPs在577 cm−1处出现了Fe-O振动峰（曲线a）； NE（曲线b）和PNE（曲线c）在3450和3100 cm−1处出现了仲胺基团的N-H和邻苯二酚-OH基团的伸缩振动峰，在1615和1514 cm−1处出现了苯环上C=C和C-N伸缩振动峰；当NE自聚合在Fe3O4 NPs表面后，Fe3O4@PNE NPs兼有Fe3O4和PNE的吸收带（曲线d）；Fe3O4@PNE-Ti4+ NPs（曲线f）具有一系列Ti(SO4)2（曲线e）的典型吸收峰，1210 cm−1和1045cm−1属于游离的SO4 2-的伸缩振动峰，3405 cm−1对应于-OH的伸缩振动，1644 cm−1属于N-H的伸缩振动，400-800 cm−1处对应于Ti-O的伸缩振动。以上结果表明，通过NE的自聚合作用以及PNE与Ti4+的耦合作用可以成功生成Fe3O4@PNE-Ti4+ NPs。
为了考察Fe3O4@PNE-Ti4+ NPs的亲水性，我们测试了PDMS芯片、Fe3O4@PNE NPs和Fe3O4@PNE-Ti4+ NPs修饰PDMS芯片的接触角。PDMS芯片的接触角为110°；Fe3O4@PNE NPs修饰PDMS芯片的接触角降为28°，这是由于PNE中的大量氨基和儿茶酚羟基等亲水性基团所致；Fe3O4@PNE-Ti4+ NPs修饰PDMS芯片的接触角降为11°。以上结果表明，经Fe3O4@PNE-Ti4+ NPs修饰的PDMS芯片的亲水性得到了极大改善。而且，Fe3O4@PNE-Ti4+ NPs修饰PDMS芯片放置几周后接触角几乎不变，表明本修饰方法有良好的稳定性。
图4为PDMS芯片和Fe3O4@PNE-Ti4+ NPs修饰PDMS芯片的电渗流（EOF）随缓冲溶液pH（3-11）变化的关系曲线。在PDMS芯片上（曲线a），EOF随pH的增加迅速增大，稳定性较差，不利于电泳分离；而在Fe3O4@PNE-Ti4+ NPs修饰PDMS芯片上（曲线b），EOF随pH的增大变化较小。当pH为8.0时，Fe3O4@PNE-Ti4+ NPs修饰PDMS芯片上EOF的相对标准偏差为0.48% (n=5)，约为PDMS芯片的七分之一，表明经Fe3O4@PNE-Ti4+ NPs修饰的PDMS芯片的EOF的稳定性得到了有效改善。
实施例2
在含有10 mM MgCl2的50 mM pH 8.5的Tris-HCl缓冲溶液中加入0.25 mM多肽（LRRASLGGGGC）、0.5 mM三磷酸腺苷（ATP）和一定量的蛋白激酶A（PKA），于37 °C水浴反应1h，用真空泵将反应产物抽入Fe3O4@PNE-Ti4+修饰PDMS芯片进样通道内，用Tris-HCl缓冲溶液将芯片十字交叉处的样品带入分离通道内进行分离，采用电化学方法记录多肽的电流信号。图5为磷酸化多肽（P）和未磷酸化多肽（NP）样品在PDMS芯片、Fe3O4@PNE NPs和Fe3O4@PNE-Ti4+ NPs修饰PDMS芯片上的分离电泳图。在PDMS芯片（曲线 a）和Fe3O4@PNE NPs修饰PDMS芯片（曲线 b）上，磷酸化多肽和未磷酸化多肽无法实现基线分离；而在Fe3O4@PNE-Ti4+NPs修饰PDMS芯片上，磷酸化多肽和未磷酸化多肽在100 s以内达到了良好的基线分离（曲线 c）。这是由于，当将磷酸化多肽和未磷酸化多肽样品引入到Fe3O4@PNE-Ti4+修饰PDMS芯片分离通道内时，由于磷酸化多肽上的磷酸根带负电，Ti4+可以与磷酸化的多肽发生作用，而未磷酸化的多肽与Ti4+不发生相互作用，因此，Fe3O4@PNE-Ti4+与磷酸化多肽的作用力比与未磷酸化多肽的作用力强，导致磷酸化多肽在Fe3O4@PNE-Ti4+修饰PDMS芯片分离通道中的保留时间更长，使得磷酸化多肽的出峰时间>未磷酸化多肽的出峰时间，使得磷酸化多肽与未磷酸化多肽完全分离。当只存在多肽和ATP（曲线 d）以及只存在多肽和PKA（曲线 e）时，多肽不发生磷酸化反应，只出现一个多肽峰。以上结果表明，本方法制备的Fe3O4@PNE-Ti4+ NPs功能化PDMS芯片对磷酸化多肽和未磷酸化多肽具有良好的分离效果，且通过峰面积还可对PKA活性进行定量分析。
图6为本方法对PKA检测的校正曲线。随着PKA浓度的增大，未磷酸化多肽的峰面积（A1）逐渐减小，磷酸化多肽的峰面积（A2）逐渐增大，A2/(A1+A2)的对数与PKA浓度的对数在0.05-4 U/mL范围内呈良好的线性关系，对PKA的检测限为0.015 U/mL。本方法比其他电化学和荧光法检测PKA的检测限低，可用于高效、灵敏地检测PKA活性。
为了考察本方法在复杂样品中的应用，我们将本方法应用于细胞裂解液中PKA活性的检测。在温度为37 °C的5% CO2培养箱中，以含10%胎牛血清、100 U/mL青霉素和100 μg/mL链霉素的DMEM（高糖）为培养基，对MCF-7癌细胞进行孵育；随后，在4 °C条件下，用1 mL的细胞裂解液缓冲溶液对细胞处理30 min，将得到的细胞裂解液在12000 rpm下离心20min，得到的上清液在-20 °C储存。在稀释的MCF-7乳腺癌细胞裂解液中加入0.25 mM基质多肽（LRRASLGGGGC）、0.5 mM ATP和不同浓度的PKA（0.1，1.0和4.0 U/mL），于37 °C水浴反应1h，得到的加标回收率在96.7-102.5%范围内，相对标准偏差≤2.6%，表明本方法对实际样品中PKA活性检测具有良好的可靠性。
Claims (1)
1.基于磁性功能化PDMS芯片的蛋白激酶活性检测方法，其特征在于，步骤如下：
(1)合成Fe3O4@聚去甲肾上腺素纳米颗粒：将25mg采用水热法合成的Fe3O4磁性纳米粒子置于三颈瓶中，加入10mL 50mM pH 8.5的三羟甲基氨基甲烷盐酸盐缓冲溶液，室温下机械搅拌2h，再加入30mg去甲肾上腺素并反应24h，用外加磁铁将产物分离出来，用超纯水清洗三次，制成Fe3O4@聚去甲肾上腺素纳米颗粒；
(2)制备Fe3O4@聚去甲肾上腺素-Ti 4+功能化PDMS芯片通道：PDMS芯片通道先用超纯水冲洗10min后，在芯片通道的上方和下方分别放置两块永久磁铁，用真空泵将步骤(1)合成的Fe3O4@聚去甲肾上腺素纳米颗粒溶液抽入分离通道中，用50mM pH 8.5的三羟甲基氨基甲烷盐酸盐缓冲溶液冲洗分离通道5min，再用真空泵将Ti(SO4)2溶液抽入分离通道中5min，静置4h，用超纯水冲洗分离通道去除残余的Ti(SO4)2，得到Fe3O4@聚去甲肾上腺素-Ti4+功能化PDMS芯片通道；
(3)检测蛋白激酶活性：在含有10mM MgCl2的50mM pH 8.5的三羟甲基氨基甲烷盐酸盐缓冲液中加入多肽、三磷酸腺苷和蛋白激酶，于37℃水浴反应1h，用真空泵将反应产物抽入Fe3O4@聚去甲肾上腺素-Ti4+功能化PDMS芯片通道内，记录磷酸化多肽的电流信号，峰面积的大小与磷酸化多肽的浓度以及蛋白激酶的活性呈正相关，实现了对蛋白激酶活性的检测。
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