CN105874087A - 对钢板进行退火的方法 - Google Patents

对钢板进行退火的方法 Download PDF

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CN105874087A
CN105874087A CN201380081409.4A CN201380081409A CN105874087A CN 105874087 A CN105874087 A CN 105874087A CN 201380081409 A CN201380081409 A CN 201380081409A CN 105874087 A CN105874087 A CN 105874087A
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steel plate
annealed
thermal treatment
radial canal
treatment zone
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约翰·罗托尔
约纳什·施陶特
让-米歇尔·马泰格纳
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ArcelorMittal SA
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ArcelorMittal SA
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Priority to CN202010441076.3A priority Critical patent/CN111676350A/zh
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    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种对钢板进行退火的方法，该方法包括：第一步骤，该第一步骤包括使该钢板的表面完全氧化，从而形成完全氧化的表面层；第二步骤，该第二步骤包括使该钢的在所述完全氧化的层下方延伸的区域中的除了铁之外的元素选择性氧化，从而形成选择性氧化的内部层；以及第三步骤，该第三步骤包括使所述完全氧化的表面层完全还原。

Description

对钢板进行退火的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及对钢板进行退火的方法。更具体地，本发明涉及在热浸涂覆之前并且可能地在镀锌层退火处理之前对钢板进行退火的方法。
背景技术
通过增强机械耐受性(mechanical resistance)以及甚至通过降低密度来使车辆越来越轻量化的需求要求高强度钢具有更加完善的合金化理念。诸如铝、锰、硅和铬之类的合金元素是首选，但是由于在退火后在表面上存在合金元素氧化物而导致可涂覆性方面的严重问题。
在加热期间，钢表面暴露于下述气氛：该气氛对铁而言是非氧化性的，但是对于对氧有较高亲和力的合金元素——诸如锰、铝、硅、铬、碳或硼——而言是氧化性的，这将在表面处产生这些元素的氧化物。当钢包含这种可氧化的元素时，这些元素趋于在钢的表面处选择性地氧化，从而削弱后续涂覆的润湿性。
此外，当该涂层是被进一步热处理以进行镀锌层退火处理的热浸涂覆钢板时，这种氧化物的存在可能削弱铁在涂层中的扩散，从而不能在工业生产线的传统的生产线速度下被充分地合金化。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种对钢板进行退火的方法，该方法包括：
-第一步骤，第一步骤包括使该钢板的表面完全氧化，从而形成完全氧化的表面层；
-第二步骤，第二步骤包括使所述钢的在所述完全氧化的层下方延伸的区域中的除了铁之外的元素选择性氧化，从而形成选择性氧化的内部层；以及
-第三步骤，第三步骤包括使所述完全氧化的表面层完全还原。
在第一实施方式中，该方法可以在包括直接火焰加热区、辐射管加热区和辐射管均热区的设备中进行，第一步骤在直接加热区中进行，第二步骤至少在辐射管加热区中进行以及第三步骤至少在辐射管均热区中进行。第一步骤可以通过将直接火焰加热区的气氛调整成大于1的空气/燃气比而进行。
在另一实施方式中，该方法可以在包括辐射管预热区、辐射管加热区和辐射管均热区的设备中进行，第一步骤在辐射管预热区中进行，第二步骤至少在辐射管加热区中进行以及第三步骤至少在辐射管均热区中进行。第一步骤可以在包含按体积计0.1％到10％的量的O2、优选地包含按体积计0.5％到3％的量的O2的氧化室中进行。替代性地或者以结合的方式，该氧化室可以经受水喷射，以使铁氧化。
在另一实施方式中，第二步骤通过根据辐射管加热区的气氛中的H2含量将辐射管加热区中的露点设定成大于临界值而进行。该露点可以通过水汽的喷射来调整。
在另一实施方式中，第三步骤的还原通过利用含按体积计至少2％的H2且其余为N2的气氛来进行。优选的最大H2量为按体积计15％。
根据本发明获得的经退火的钢板能够通过浸入在锌浴中而被热浸涂覆，并且可能地在450℃到580℃的温度下——并且优选地在490℃——被热处理10秒到30秒，以产生所称的镀锌层退火钢板。
对可以根据本发明进行处理的钢的类型没有实际的限制。然而，优选的是，该钢包含按重量计最大4％的锰、按重量计最大3％的硅、按重量计最大3％的铝和按重量计最大1％的铬，以确保钢能够被最佳地涂覆。
在加热期间，钢表面首先暴露于氧化性气氛，这会在表面处形成氧化铁(所称的完全氧化)。该氧化铁防止合金元素在钢表面处被氧化。
该第一步骤可以在用作预热器的直焰炉(direct fire furnace,DFF)中进行。该设备的氧化能力通过将空气/燃气比设定成大于1来调整。
该第一步骤可以替代性地在辐射管式炉(RTF)预热区中进行。特别地，这种RTF预热区可以包括包含氧化性气氛的氧化室。另一替代性方案是将整个预热区设定在以O2和/或H2O作为供氧体的氧化性气氛中。
在产生这种表面氧化层后，进行使除了铁以外的元素选择性氧化的第二步骤。这些元素是钢中包含的能够最容易地氧化的元素，例如锰、硅、铝、硼或铬。该第二步骤通过确保氧气流入到钢板的大部分中来进行，从而引起合金元素的内部选择性氧化。
在本发明的框架中，该氧化可以通过根据RTF加热区的气氛中的H2含量将RTF加热区的露点控制成大于最小值而进行。喷射水汽是可以用于将露点控制到所需值的方法中的一种方法。需注意的是，减小气氛中的H2含量将允许喷射较少的水汽，因为露点也会被降低，但是仍获得了选择性氧化。
在第三步骤中，该完全氧化的层必须被还原，从而确保通过任何种类的涂层——比如磷酸盐、电沉积涂层、包括射流气相沉积涂层(jet vapour deposition coating)的真空涂层、热浸镀锌涂层等——的进一步的涂布性能。这种还原可以在RTF加热区结束时和/或在均热期间和/或在钢板的冷却期间发生。该还原可以利用本领域技术人员已知的传统的还原气氛和方法来进行。
具体实施方式
通过一些非限制性示例的详细公开内容，将能更好地理解本发明。
示例
由具有不同组分——如在表1中汇总——的钢制成的钢板在被冷轧之前以传统的方法生产。钢板随后在包括DFF加热炉、接着是包括两个不同区——即，RTF加热区和RTF均热区——的RTF加热炉的设备中退火。通过设定不同的DFF加热区出口温度以及以不同的速率喷射蒸汽来调整RTF加热区的露点。表2中汇总了退火参数。在均热之后，经退火的钢板通过传统的喷射冷却器进行冷却直到到达480℃的温度为止。
钢板随后被浸入包含按重量计0.130％的铝的锌锅中并且通过在580℃的温度下感应加热10秒而经受镀锌层退火处理。
经涂覆的钢板随后被检验，并且估算出涂层的相应的铁含量。估算值的结果也汇总在表2中。
表1-钢组分
等级 碳 锰 硅 铝 铬 钼 钛 铌 硼
A 0.13 2.5 0.7 -- 0.3 -- 0.02 0.01 0.002
B 0.2 1.8 2.0 0.65 -- -- -- -- --
C 0.2 2.2 2.0 0.5 -- 0.15 -- 0.015 --
表2-退火参数-涂层估算值
ne：未估算
试验1呈现出高反射Gl型的未合金化的表面。利用不充足的露点进行的试验2在整个卷材长度上产生了在整个宽度上明显达一定程度的随机而差别化的合金。露点值在试验3期间被进一步增大。这产生了沿整个卷材长度的完全合金化的带材表面。
根据本发明的方法的另一优点是，通过增大RTF加热区的露点以允许将选择性氧化从外部模式相应地转换成内部模式似乎对钢板的脱碳动力学产生了有利的影响。该优点通过监测到RTF加热区的气氛中减小的一氧化碳(CO)含量而被证实。

Claims (12)

1.一种对钢板进行退火的方法，所述方法包括：
-第一步骤，所述第一步骤包括使所述钢板的表面完全氧化，从而形成完全氧化的表面层；
-第二步骤，所述第二步骤包括使所述钢的在所述完全氧化的层下方延伸的区域中的除了铁之外的元素选择性氧化，从而形成选择性氧化的内部层；以及
-第三步骤，所述第三步骤包括使所述完全氧化的表面层完全还原。
2.根据权利要求1所述的对钢板进行退火的方法，其中，所述方法在包括直接火焰加热区、辐射管加热区和辐射管均热区的设备中进行，所述第一步骤在所述直接火焰加热区中进行，所述第二步骤至少在所述辐射管加热区中进行，所述第三步骤至少在所述辐射管均热区中进行。
3.根据权利要求2所述的对钢板进行退火的方法，其中，所述第一步骤通过将所述直接火焰加热区的气氛调整成大于1的空气/燃气比而进行。
4.根据权利要求1所述的对钢板进行退火的方法，其中，所述方法在包括辐射管预热区、辐射管加热区和辐射管均热区的设备中进行，所述第一步骤在所述辐射管预热区中进行，所述第二步骤至少在所述辐射管加热区中进行，所述第三步骤至少在所述辐射管均热区中进行。
5.根据权利要求4所述的对钢板进行退火的方法，其中，所述第一步骤在包含按体积计0.1％到10％的量的O2的氧化室中进行。
6.根据权利要求2至5中的任一项所述的对钢板进行退火的方法，其中，所述第二步骤通过根据所述辐射管加热区的气氛中的H2含量将所述辐射管加热区的露点设定成大于临界值而进行。
7.根据权利要求6所述的对钢板进行退火的方法，其中，所述露点通过水汽的喷射来调整。
8.根据权利要求1至7中的任一项所述的对钢板进行退火的方法，其中，所述第三步骤的还原通过利用含至少2％的H2且其余为N2的气氛来进行。
9.根据权利要求1至8中的任一项所述的对钢板进行退火的方法，其中，所述钢包含按重量计达4％的锰、按重量计达3％的硅、按重量计达3％的铝和按重量计达1％的铬。
10.一种生产镀锌钢板的方法，其中，根据权利要求1至9中的任一项获得的经退火的钢板通过浸入锌浴中而被热浸涂覆。
11.一种生产镀锌层退火钢板的方法，其中，根据权利要求10获得镀锌钢板在450℃到580℃的温度下被进一步热处理10秒到30秒。
12.根据权利要求11所述的生产镀锌层退火钢板的方法，其中，所述热处理在低于490℃的情况下进行。
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Application publication date: 20160817