CN105863983A - 液压机 - Google Patents

液压机 Download PDF

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CN105863983A
CN105863983A CN201610079484.2A CN201610079484A CN105863983A CN 105863983 A CN105863983 A CN 105863983A CN 201610079484 A CN201610079484 A CN 201610079484A CN 105863983 A CN105863983 A CN 105863983A
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hydraulic press
component
cylinder
valve plate
pressure
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CN105863983B (zh
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斯蒂格·K·安德森
亨利·M·摩勒
帕列·奥尔森
保罗·埃里克·汉森
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Danfoss AS
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04BPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B1/00Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
    • F04B1/12Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
    • F04B1/20Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis having rotary cylinder block
    • F04B1/22Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis having rotary cylinder block having two or more sets of cylinders or pistons
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B15/00Fluid-actuated devices for displacing a member from one position to another; Gearing associated therewith
    • F15B15/08Characterised by the construction of the motor unit
    • F15B15/14Characterised by the construction of the motor unit of the straight-cylinder type
    • F15B15/1423Component parts; Constructional details
    • F15B15/1428Cylinders
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03CPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINES DRIVEN BY LIQUIDS
    • F03C1/00Reciprocating-piston liquid engines
    • F03C1/02Reciprocating-piston liquid engines with multiple-cylinders, characterised by the number or arrangement of cylinders
    • F03C1/06Reciprocating-piston liquid engines with multiple-cylinders, characterised by the number or arrangement of cylinders with cylinder axes generally coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
    • F03C1/0636Reciprocating-piston liquid engines with multiple-cylinders, characterised by the number or arrangement of cylinders with cylinder axes generally coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis having rotary cylinder block
    • F03C1/0639Reciprocating-piston liquid engines with multiple-cylinders, characterised by the number or arrangement of cylinders with cylinder axes generally coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis having rotary cylinder block having two or more sets of cylinders or pistons
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03CPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINES DRIVEN BY LIQUIDS
    • F03C1/00Reciprocating-piston liquid engines
    • F03C1/02Reciprocating-piston liquid engines with multiple-cylinders, characterised by the number or arrangement of cylinders
    • F03C1/06Reciprocating-piston liquid engines with multiple-cylinders, characterised by the number or arrangement of cylinders with cylinder axes generally coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
    • F03C1/0636Reciprocating-piston liquid engines with multiple-cylinders, characterised by the number or arrangement of cylinders with cylinder axes generally coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis having rotary cylinder block
    • F03C1/0644Component parts
    • F03C1/0652Cylinders
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03CPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINES DRIVEN BY LIQUIDS
    • F03C1/00Reciprocating-piston liquid engines
    • F03C1/02Reciprocating-piston liquid engines with multiple-cylinders, characterised by the number or arrangement of cylinders
    • F03C1/06Reciprocating-piston liquid engines with multiple-cylinders, characterised by the number or arrangement of cylinders with cylinder axes generally coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
    • F03C1/0636Reciprocating-piston liquid engines with multiple-cylinders, characterised by the number or arrangement of cylinders with cylinder axes generally coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis having rotary cylinder block
    • F03C1/0644Component parts
    • F03C1/0655Valve means
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04BPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B1/00Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
    • F04B1/04Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders in star- or fan-arrangement
    • F04B1/10Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders in star- or fan-arrangement the cylinders being movable, e.g. rotary
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04BPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B1/00Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
    • F04B1/12Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
    • F04B1/20Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis having rotary cylinder block
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04BPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B1/00Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
    • F04B1/12Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
    • F04B1/20Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis having rotary cylinder block
    • F04B1/2014Details or component parts
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04BPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B1/00Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
    • F04B1/12Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
    • F04B1/20Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis having rotary cylinder block
    • F04B1/2014Details or component parts
    • F04B1/2035Cylinder barrels
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04BPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B1/00Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
    • F04B1/12Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
    • F04B1/20Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis having rotary cylinder block
    • F04B1/2014Details or component parts
    • F04B1/2042Valves

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Reciprocating Pumps (AREA)
  • Hydraulic Motors (AREA)

Abstract

提供一种液压机,包括具有位于围绕缸单元(3)的旋转轴线的圆上的多个缸(4a,4b)、位于所述缸单元(3)的轴向端部上并具有用于每个缸(4a,4b)的贯通孔(8)的阀板(6)和端口板,所述阀板(6)和所述端口板在接触面以滑动接触的方式彼此抵靠,其中每个缸(4a,4b)中的压力作用在所述阀板(6)的与所述端口板相反的一侧上的压力区域上。在这样的液压机中,泄漏风险应该被保持得较小。为此,所述压力区域(17)为偏离圆形的形式。

Description

液压机
技术领域
本发明涉及一种液压机,该液压机包括具有位于围绕缸单元的旋转轴线的圆上的多个缸的缸单元、位于所述缸单元的轴向端部上并且具有用于每个缸的贯通孔的阀板、端口板(port plate),所述阀板和所述端口板在接触面上以滑动接触的方式互相抵靠,其中每个缸中的压力作用在所述阀板的与所述端口板相反一侧的压力区域上。
背景技术
这样的液压机的一个示例是用于反渗透系统中的压力交换器。
这样的液压机的另一个示例是轴向活塞泵或轴向活塞马达。
在这样的液压机的操作过程中,可以是缸体或缸筒的缸单元相对于端口板旋转。端口板通常具有至少两个肾形的开孔。在这些肾形开孔中的一个中存在低压并且在肾形开孔的另一个中存在高压。该高压作用在阀板的面向端口板的一侧上,即阀板的位于贯通孔之间的区域。当由该高压和该高压作用于其上的阀板的面积产生的力太大时,该阀板脱离端口板并且将发生应被避免的泄漏。
在这样的液压机的操作过程中,大约一半的缸经受高内部压力。这样的压力作用在压力区域上以将阀板压向端口板。然而,为了在缸单元中具有尽可能多的缸,所述缸沿周向并排地紧密布置。这限制了缸中的压力可以作用的区域。由高压肾形开孔中的压力产生的力仍可能大于由高压缸中的压力产生的力。
发明内容
本发明的目的是制造小型液压机。
通过使最开始描述的液压机中所述压力区域偏离圆形形式,上述目标得以实现。
这样,可以在不必改变缸位置的情况下扩大压力区域。还可以采用大量的缸从而保持缸之间的周向距离较小。由于压力区域偏离圆形,因此其可以例如径向地延伸至内侧或径向地延伸至外侧以增大压力区域。压力区域的增大增大了由缸中的压力产生的力,以使得可以实现阀板压靠在端口板上的力与将阀板压向远离端口板的力之间达到较好的平衡。
在优选实施例中,所述端口板至少包括肾形开孔,该肾形开孔具有径向内边界和径向外边界,并且所述压力区域径向地延伸越过所述边界中的至少一个。如上所述,在周向上,缸和阀板中对应的贯穿孔紧紧地邻近,从而使得压力区域不可能沿周向方向延伸越过贯穿孔的最大直径。然而,在径向上,存在较少的限制,从而使得可以沿径向方向扩展压力区域。
附加地或可替换地,所述压力区域优选地在其径向外半部中包括沿所述阀板的周向方向的至少一个扩大部。当阀板被视为圆形时,该圆形的一个扇区可用于每个缸和每个贯穿孔。沿径向至外侧观察,该扇区沿周向方向的宽度增加。因为该扩大部位于压力区域的径向外半部中,所以该宽度的增加可以用于扩大压力区域。
在特定的优选实施例中,所述压力区域具有楔形状的形式。该楔形状的形式基本上为三角形。其考虑到上面提到的阀板的圆形形式的扇区。
优选地,所述压力区域包括具有圆形边缘和具有小曲率的外边界线。该边界线可以为直线或者它们可具有大半径。这些边界线通过圆形边缘彼此连接。
优选地,所述压力区域形成在止推衬的前表面上,所述前表面位于与所述阀板相反的一侧上。该止推衬可以用来建立阀板和缸之间的连接。当缸中的压力作用在止推衬上时由该压力产生的力足以通过各自的止推衬传递给阀板。
优选地,所述止推衬为通过适形配合与所述阀板连接的构件的形式。因此,不必加工阀板本身。该止推衬可以通过单独的构件实现,该构件与阀板组装并且通过适形配合保持在阀板上。例如,该构件可以是为至少部分地插入所述阀板中的插入件。
在优选实施例中,所述构件包括圆形的第一部件和多边形的第二部件,所述第一部件和所述第二部件组装在一起。当贯通孔具有至少超过它们长度的一部分的圆形时,这样的实施例特别有用。该圆形的第一部件可插入所述钻孔中,以有助于该构件的安装。可以自由选择第二部件的形式。多边形的形式不限于具有直边缘的形式。多边形的形式也可以具有略微弯曲的边界和圆形的边缘。
优选地,所述构件被固定以阻止相对于所述阀板旋转。这样有利于安装。
优选地,密封抵靠缸的内侧的密封区形成在所述构件的周向面上。在安装该液压机的过程中,缸单元的缸可以容易地被推到该构件上以实现缸和贯通孔之间的流体密封连接。
附图说明
现在,将参照附图更详细地描述本发明的优选实施例,其中:
图1示出了液压机的纵向剖视图;
图2示出了缸单元的分解透视图;
图3示出了止推衬的透视图,和
图4示出了图3的止推衬的局部剖视图;
图5示出了缸的端部的剖视图;
图6示出了圆形的止推衬的示意图,和
图7示出了根据本发明的止推衬的示意图。
具体实施方式
图1以纵向剖视图示意性地示出了连接至叶片单元泵2的成压力交换器形式的液压机1。
液压机1包括缸单元3,例如缸筒,该缸单元3具有多个缸4a、4b。仅仅缸4a沿着其纵向中轴线被切割开。缸4a、4b布置在围绕旋转轴线5的圆上。
阀板6位于缸单元3的面向叶片单元泵2的一侧上的端部上。相应的阀板7位于相反侧。下面的说明聚焦在命名的第一阀板6上。然而,清楚的是相同的构造可被用于与另一个阀板7相关。
阀板6具有用于每个缸4a、4b的贯通孔8。
此外,设置端口板9。阀板6在接触面10上以滑动接触的方式靠在端口板9上。端口板9包括两个肾形开孔11、12。第一开孔11连接于低压入口13。第二肾形开孔12连接至连接液压机1和叶片单元泵2的高压出口14。叶片单元泵2用作增压泵以使高压出口14的压力增加到更高的压力水平。
当缸单元3旋转时,在高压开孔12中的压力在开孔8之间的区域中作用于阀板6上。这个压力产生倾向于抬起阀板6离开端口板9的力。这导致了应当被避免的泄漏的风险。
为了避免或至少降低这样的风险,对于每个缸4a、4b,阀板6具有楔形状的或三角形的止推衬15。对于每个缸4a,缸单元3具有止推衬15可插入其中的相应的凹部16。止推衬15在其前表面形成偏离圆形形式的压力区域17。更确切地说,该压力区域沿径向延伸越过肾形开孔11、12的径向内边界。此外,压力区域17可以径向向外地延伸越过肾形开孔11、12的径向外边界。然而,在大部分情况下,该压力区域延伸至阀板6的径向内侧就是足够的。
此外,如图2和3中可见,止推衬15在其径向外半部中包括沿所述阀板6的周向方向的两个扩大部18、19。
可以想象的是缸单元3被分为多个扇区,每个缸4a对应一个扇区。考虑到扇区沿周向的宽度随半径的增大而增大,止推衬15的形式以及由此的压力区域的形式目前利用这样的扇区的形式。
因此,压力区域17可以被制造得更大以使得当乘以压力区域17的面积时缸4a、4b中的压力足以产生平衡由高压肾形开孔12中的压力产生的力的力。
如在图3和4中可见,止推衬15成与阀板6分离并且通过适形配合(form-fit)连接至所述阀板的构件的形式。
为了这个目的,止推衬15包括圆形或环形的第一部件20和多边形的第二部件21。第一部件20和第二部件21组装在一起。止推垫15可以通过第一部件20插入孔8中。第二部件21抵靠在阀板6的与端口板9相反的表面22上。两个部件20、21的组装可以发生在将第一部件20安装至阀板6之前、过程中或之后。
突起23设置在表面22上,以突进第二部件21中并且固定该构件以防止其相对于阀板6旋转。
第二部件21包括形成了密封区26的周向面24,当缸单元3和阀板6被组装时,密封区26作用在每个缸4a的凹部16的内侧25上。
从图2和3中可见,止推衬15具有楔形状的或三角形的形式。周向面24由通过圆形边缘连接的3个基本直边段形成。该基本直边缘可以由直线形成或它们可以为略微弯曲的,即它们具有大曲率半径。如果某一曲率有助于该构件对凹部16的内侧25的密封,那么该曲率是优选的。
图5示意地示出了缸4a的端部的放大剖视图。止推衬15插入缸单元3中。止推衬15的周向面24与凹部16的内侧25一起形成密封区26。因此缸4a中的压力可作用于止推衬15的压力区域17上。
图6和7的对照地示出了有效的压力区域的放大部。图6示出了传统的形式,其中压力区域通过圆27形成。图7示出了压力区域17的新形式。可以容易地看出,压力区域17的新形式比正圆形更大。然而,可以将相同数量的压力区域17布置在与之前一样的直径上。

Claims (10)

1.液压机(1),包括具有位于围绕缸单元(3)的旋转轴线的圆上的多个缸的缸单元(3)、位于所述缸单元(3)的轴向端部上并且具有用于每个缸(4a,4b)的贯通孔(8)的阀板(6)、和端口板(9),所述阀板(6)和所述端口板(9)在接触面(10)处以滑动接触的方式彼此抵靠,其中在每个缸(4a,4b)中的压力作用在所述阀板(6)的与所述端口板(9)相反的一侧上的压力区域(17)上,其特征在于,所述压力区域(17)偏离于圆形的形式。
2.根据权利要求1所述的液压机,其特征在于所述端口板(9)至少包括具有径向内边界和径向外边界的肾形的开孔(11、12),并且所述压力区域(17)沿径向延伸越过所述边界中的至少一个。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的液压机,其特征在于所述压力区域(17)在其径向外半部中包括沿所述阀板(6)的周向方向的至少一个扩大部(18、19)。
4.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的液压机,其特征在于所述压力区域(17)具有楔形状的形式。
5.根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的液压机,其特征在于所述压力区域(17)包括具有小曲率的外边界线和圆形的边缘。
6.根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的液压机,其特征在于所述压力区域(17)形成在止推垫(15)的前表面上,所述前表面位于与所述阀板(6)相反的一侧。
7.根据权利要求6所述的液压机,其特征在于所述止推垫(15)为通过适形配合连接至所述阀板(6)的构件的形式。
8.根据权利要求7所述的液压机,其特征在于所述构件包括圆形的第一部件(20)和多边形的第二部件(21),所述第一部件(20)和所述第二部件(21)被组装在一起。
9.根据权利要求7或8所述的液压机,其特征在于所述构件被固定以阻止其相对于所述阀板(6)旋转。
10.根据权利要求7-9任一项所述的液压机,其特征在于密封抵靠缸(4a,4b)的内侧(25)的密封区形成在所述构件的周向壁(24)上。
CN201610079484.2A 2015-02-11 2016-02-04 液压机 Active CN105863983B (zh)

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CN105863983B (zh) 2018-04-03
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US10385887B2 (en) 2019-08-20
US20160230788A1 (en) 2016-08-11
ES2740924T3 (es) 2020-02-07

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