CN105863940A - Combined wave power generation device provided with oscillating buoys as well as measurement and control system and method of device - Google Patents

Combined wave power generation device provided with oscillating buoys as well as measurement and control system and method of device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105863940A
CN105863940A CN201610327256.2A CN201610327256A CN105863940A CN 105863940 A CN105863940 A CN 105863940A CN 201610327256 A CN201610327256 A CN 201610327256A CN 105863940 A CN105863940 A CN 105863940A
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energy
level
wave
hydraulic
branch road
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CN105863940B (en
Inventor
黎明
张帅
张家明
齐磊
史宏达
刘臻
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Ocean University of China
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Ocean University of China
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/12—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
    • F03B13/14—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy
    • F03B13/22—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the flow of water resulting from wave movements to drive a motor or turbine
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B11/00—Parts or details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the preceding groups, e.g. wear-protection couplings, between turbine and generator
    • F03B11/008—Measuring or testing arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B15/00—Controlling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B1/00—Installations or systems with accumulators; Supply reservoir or sump assemblies
    • F15B1/02—Installations or systems with accumulators
    • F15B1/027—Installations or systems with accumulators having accumulator charging devices
    • F15B1/0275—Installations or systems with accumulators having accumulator charging devices with two or more pilot valves, e.g. for independent setting of the cut-in and cut-out pressures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B19/00—Testing; Calibrating; Fault detection or monitoring; Simulation or modelling of fluid-pressure systems or apparatus not otherwise provided for
    • F15B19/005—Fault detection or monitoring
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B20/00—Safety arrangements for fluid actuator systems; Applications of safety devices in fluid actuator systems; Emergency measures for fluid actuator systems
    • F15B20/005—Leakage; Spillage; Hose burst
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2220/00—Application
    • F05B2220/70—Application in combination with
    • F05B2220/706—Application in combination with an electrical generator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2201/00—Accumulators
    • F15B2201/40—Constructional details of accumulators not otherwise provided for
    • F15B2201/41—Liquid ports
    • F15B2201/411—Liquid ports having valve means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/20—Fluid pressure source, e.g. accumulator or variable axial piston pump
    • F15B2211/21—Systems with pressure sources other than pumps, e.g. with a pyrotechnical charge
    • F15B2211/212—Systems with pressure sources other than pumps, e.g. with a pyrotechnical charge the pressure sources being accumulators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/60—Circuit components or control therefor
    • F15B2211/625—Accumulators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/80—Other types of control related to particular problems or conditions
    • F15B2211/87—Detection of failures
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/20—Hydro energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/30—Energy from the sea, e.g. using wave energy or salinity gradient

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Other Liquid Machine Or Engine Such As Wave Power Use (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a combined wave power generation device provided with oscillating buoys as well as a measurement and control system of the device. The power generation device and the measurement and control system are included, multiple groups of hiding platforms can be arranged according to the installed capacity, and multiple oscillating buoys are mounted on each hiding platform. On the basis of a traditional wave power generation device provided with oscillating buoys, a hydraulic energy storage system, a tide level adaptation system and a wave detection system are designed. The hydraulic energy storage system controls energy storage and energy release of energy accumulators to drive a power generator to generate power according to the upper limit and the lower limit of energy storage pressure of an energy accumulator group in combination with real-time wave information. According to the device, multi-point energy absorption replaces traditional single-point energy absorption, immediately captured wave energy can be maximized, the measurement and control system can cooperate with the combined wave power generation device provided with the oscillating buoys, multiple defects of shorter wave period, small wave height and low energy flux density of national offshore wave energy resources can be effectively overcome, and maximum-efficiency conversion of wave energy to power and maximum-efficiency utilization of the power are realized.

Description

Combined oscillating floater wave energy generating set and TT&C system thereof and investigating method
Technical field
The invention belongs to wave-energy power generation technical field, relate to a kind of oscillating floater Wave energy generating system, also relate to it and survey Ore-controlling Role and investigating method.
Background technology
The energy always concerns the important issue of China's economic development.Ran China economy maintain for many years rapid growth after, Progress into the stage of economic growth slows down, but the demand of the energy is growing on and on always, particularly at fossil energy (coal Charcoal, oil, natural gas etc.) relation between supply and demand on, fail to reach the state of a kind of equilibrium of supply and demand all the time, this also has led to certain The serious production capacity surplus of a little industries (such as coal industry), and the confession of some industry (such as petroleum industry) is less than asking.Dissolve The one of traditional fossil energy imbalance between supply and demand is big, and measure is exactly development and utilization Novel clean regenerative resource, it is also possible to a certain degree Upper alleviation is owing to consuming the problem of environmental pollution that fossil energy is caused.In many new cleaning fuels, marine energy stores up with it The feature that amount is abundant, receives significant attention.
Taking up an area the ocean of sphere area 70.9%, contain energy greatly, wherein the deposit of wave energy is the most considerable, becomes the world and exists One of direction that new energy development aspect is paid close attention to.According to estimates, the wave energy theory reserves in world ocean are up to 3,000,000,000 kilowatts. The wave energy resource of China coastal seas is the abundantest, but general characteristic is that the cycle is shorter, wave height is less, energy-flux density is relatively low.Existing Stage is to be translated into electric energy to the most common mode of the development and utilization of wave energy.Therefore effective wavy hair is designed The TT&C system of electric installation, matches with wave-power device, can effectively overcome the above-mentioned drawback of China coastal seas wave energy resource The adverse effect brought, it is achieved the high efficiency of wave energy to electric energy converts and utilizes.
Oscillating floater Wave energy generating system is conventional Wave energy generating system, and its principle is: buoys float across the sea, with Wave floats, and promotes hydraulic cylinder thus drives electrical power generators.Common for single float Wave energy generating system, i.e. only have A set of float and cylinder device, this Systemic absorption wave energy limited in one's ability, generating capacity is limited；In order to preferably play Electricity generation system absorbs the ability of energy, and designing many floats is a preferable selection, such as: Chinese patent 201110337128.3 Disclose a kind of many oscillating floater wave-driven hydraulic power generating devices, absorb wave energy, hydraulic pressure by many group oscillating floater groups simultaneously TRT centralized power generation.Float Wave energy generating system of the prior art all lacks a set of effective TT&C system, generating system System stability, efficiency all also have the biggest room for promotion.
Summary of the invention
In place of present invention aims to the deficiencies in the prior art and imperfection, it is provided that one can preferably capture Wave energy, Adapt to wave and tidal level change, the oscillating floater Wave energy generating system of generating effect stability and TT&C system thereof and investigating method.
The technical scheme is that combined oscillating floater wave energy generating set and TT&C system thereof, including TRT and TT&C system, TRT includes first order energy conversion system, and including float generating set, each float generating set all includes diving Float platform and be arranged on the oscillating floater on snorkeling platform, below oscillating floater, being fixed on seabed through snorkeling platform and counter weight construction； Second level energy conversion system: include hydraulic cylinder and fuel tank, the hydraulic stem of hydraulic cylinder is connected to the upper surface of oscillating floater；The third level Energy conversion system: include hydraulic motor and generator, hydraulic motor-driving generator generates electricity；
First order energy conversion system includes least one set float generating set and tide detection device, and tide detection device is used for detecting Wave is high with tidal level just；
Second level energy conversion system also includes hydraulic energy-accumulating system；
Third level energy conversion system includes that electric energy exports system, and including grid-connected branch road and load branch, generator output end is respectively Connect grid-connected branch road and load branch；
Hydraulic energy-accumulating system includes the Accumulator arrangements being made up of at least one accumulator, the rod chamber of each hydraulic cylinder and rodless cavity and Fuel tank is all connected to each accumulator entrance through an independent accumulation of energy check valve group, forms energy storage branch road, on each energy storage branch road It is respectively mounted accumulation of energy check valve；Each accumulator outlet connect a magnetic valve, one release can check valve, a flow sensor, formed release energy Branch road, a plurality of release can branch road all access release can loop, release and hydraulic motor, total magnetic valve can be installed on loop, total magnetic valve is installed Between accumulator outlet and hydraulic motor, hydraulic motor-driving generator generates electricity；Each accumulator all connects a pressure sensor；
Accumulation of energy check valve group includes two branch roads, and every branch road includes two check valves in the same direction, the rod chamber of hydraulic cylinder and without bar Chamber is respectively connected on every branch road, between two check valves, fuel tank accesses a point in parallel of two branch roads, two branch roads another One point in parallel accesses energy storage branch road；
TT&C system includes that first order energy conversion measurement and control unit, second level energy conversion measurement and control unit, the conversion of third level energy are surveyed Control unit and master controller；
First order energy conversion measurement and control unit includes first order data collecting system, is used for gathering float movement displacement and being delivered to main Controller；
Second level energy conversion measurement and control unit includes second level data collecting system, for gathering magnetic valve, the state of total magnetic valve Information, and the data message of flow sensor, pressure sensor, and it is delivered to master controller；
Third level energy conversion measurement and control unit includes third level data collecting system, be used for gathering output generator current, voltage, Load branch absorbed power, information about power；And it is delivered to master controller.
As preferably: install vertical guide post on snorkeling platform, oscillating floater inserts vertical guide post.
As preferably: first order energy conversion system also include tide detect device, tide detection device include tidal level observation cylinder and Liquid level gauge, observation cylinder bottom apex and bottom are respectively provided with opening, and the area of top end opening is more than the area of bottom end opening；Liquid level In respect of two, lay respectively at tidal level observation cylinder inner side and outer side；The metrical information of liquid level gauge feeds back to first order data collecting system, And it is delivered to master controller.
As preferably: second level energy conversion system also includes tidal level adaptive system, regulate oil cylinder including tidal level and be erected at vibration Tidal level bar on float；Hydraulic cylinder is dual stage telescoping double acting hydraulic cylinder, and tidal level regulation oil cylinder is three grades of scalable double acting liquid Cylinder pressure, total magnetic valve is three position four-way electromagnetic valve, and on tidal level bar, upper magnet and the next magnet are installed in interval；Install on guide post Be magnetic sensor, and vertical position is between upper magnet and the next magnet, and tidal level regulates cylinder rod and the hydraulic cylinder of oil cylinder Rodless cavity concatenates, and rod chamber and the rodless cavity of tidal level regulation oil cylinder are coupled with the lower valve position of total magnetic valve and upper valve position.
As preferably: each float generating set includes a snorkeling platform, same snorkeling platform is provided with multiple float, each Oscillating floater is all connected with a set of independent tidal level adaptive system.
As preferably: load branch includes least one set star resistance, and often three branch roads of group star resistance are respectively through branch switch The three-phase output end of sending and receiving motor, the corresponding contactless contactor of one group of star resistance, it is used for controlling in this group star resistance three The break-make of branch switch.
As preferably: grid-connected branch road includes that at least one converges sea cable and a disembarkation sea cable, converges sea cable and is generated electricity by its float Group is connected to debark the float generating set at cable place, sea, and disembarkation sea cable is connected to utility grid.
The investigating method of wave energy generating set observing and controlling, master controller sets unrestrained high upper limit threshold HH, unrestrained high lower threshold HL、 Energy-storage pressure upper limit threshold PH, energy-storage pressure lower limit PL, calculate in time interval t, unrestrained high mean valueIf Improve PH, open the magnetic valve on Article 1 accumulator branch road, when Article 1 energy storage pressure P drops to PLTime, open second Magnetic valve on bar accumulator branch road；The magnetic valve on each bar accumulator branch road is sequentially opened according to above method；If the time is by t,Reduce PH, open the magnetic valve on each bar accumulator branch road, when energy storage pressure P drops to P simultaneouslyLTime, simultaneously Close the magnetic valve on each bar accumulator branch road.
As preferably: first order data collecting system, second level data collecting system and the data acquisition of third level data collecting system Diversity method is: set sample frequency, parameter initialization；As current time >=00:00:00, gather data, open with the date Data storage file for unit；The data received are processed, are stored in data storage file, when current time >= During 23:59:59, stop collection process, close data storage file.
As preferably: include tidal level self-adaptation control method, step is: at the incoming tide, the height whether detection magnetic sensor sends Level signal, controls total magnetic valve and connects lower valve position；During ebb tide, the high level signal whether detection magnetic sensor sends, control Make total magnetic valve and connect upper valve position.
The invention have the benefit that
1, the TRT of the present invention is replaced traditional single float electricity generation system by many group patterns formula float electricity generation system, with multiple spot energy Amount absorbs and replaces traditional single-point energy to absorb, and can realize the maximization of immediate capture Wave energy, can coordinate combination by TT&C system Type oscillating floater wave-power device, can effectively overcome the wave period of China coastal seas wave energy resource compared with short, wave height is little, energy Many drawbacks that current density is low, it is achieved the maximal efficiency of wave energy to electric energy converts and utilizes.
2, design and develop high/low speed data collecting system, relying on hardware structure, being based particularly on " state machine " thought Software implementation method, it is achieved that high-speed data acquisition and the number to the such as wave Rapid Variable Design process variable such as height, float movement displacement According to lossless storage.
3, design and develop a kind of tide detection device, matching with above-mentioned data collecting system, it is achieved that unrestrained, damp is had Effect in real time monitoring, provides in time for TT&C system, sea situation information accurately, and reduces development cost to greatest extent.
4, at control plane, the process control that first order energy is transformed into the conversion of third level energy is related to, specifically:
In the control of second level energy conversion, design and develop one " tidal level adaptive control system ", can effectively overcome The reduction hydraulic cylinder useful effect stroke serious problems that tidal level change (tidal range) is brought, thus ensure that first order energy is changed Reliably carry out；
In the control of second level energy conversion, design and develop hydraulic energy-accumulating control system, the sea can arrived according to Current observation Condition, automatically adjusts accumulation of energy and exoergic control strategy, second level energy conversion efficiency can be greatly improved, in turn ensure that hydraulic system Structural safety.Devise alarm mechanism and fault diagnosis mechanism simultaneously, further ensure that device reality or reliability of operation；
In the control of third level energy conversion, devising two kinds of processing modes to electric energy, electric energy both can be on generation platform Carrying out off-load, assessment load change is on the impact of generator output and the impact on third level energy conversion efficiency；Can lead to again Cross submarine cable to transmit on the bank, before disembarkation, be specifically designed the merging control system of two platform electric energy, improve seabed The utilization rate of cable, greatly reduces development cost, according to power converter and the control system thereof of design after disembarkation, really realizes Electric power grid-connected design.
5, consider offshore and the unattended operation state of device, design and develop remote wireless network communication system, rely on logical Letter link and monitoring software, be truly realized the networked control to marine two 100kW generation platforms and management, it is ensured that dress Put sea trail run reliability, security.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is generating device structure schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is float mounting structure schematic diagram in a float generating set.
Fig. 3 is Accumulator arrangements structural representation.
Fig. 4 is tide structure of the detecting device schematic diagram.
Fig. 5 is tidal level adaptive system structural representation.
Fig. 6 is tidal level adaptive system workflow diagram
Fig. 7 is TRT energy transition diagram.
Fig. 8 is two snorkeling platform power generating structure connection diagrams.
Fig. 9 is generator connecting in parallel with system power converter structural representation.
Figure 10 is generator strip resistance support structures schematic diagram.
Figure 11 is load branch structural representation.
Figure 12 is that electric energy converges disembarkation macroscopic view schematic diagram.
Figure 13 is electric energy merging control circuit theory diagrams.
Figure 14 is generator band grid-connected power converter apparatus circuit theory diagrams.
Figure 15 is Sepic translation circuit loop control theory figure.
Figure 16 is TT&C system structural representation.
Figure 17 data collecting system structural representation.
Figure 18 data acquisition state transition figure.
Figure 19 monitors the signal of this system architecture for local cable network.
Figure 20 is wireless communication system closely mode communication link structure chart.
Figure 21 is distance mode communication link structure chart in wireless communication system.
Figure 22 is wireless communication system remote mode communication link structure chart.
Figure 23 is remote wireless network monitoring system macrostructure schematic diagram.
Figure 24 is photovoltaic uninterruptible power system structural representation.
Wherein: 1-oscillating floater, 2-hydraulic cylinder, 3-fuel tank, 4-hydraulic motor, 5-generator, 6-accumulation of energy check valve group, 7-stores Can device, 8-accumulation of energy check valve, 9-magnetic valve, 10-release can check valve, the total magnetic valve of 11-, 111-upper valve position, valve position in 112-, Valve position under 113-, 12-overflow valve, 13-snorkeling platform, 14-hawser, 15-counter weight construction, 16-sea bed, 17-generation platform, 18- Vertical guide post, 19-flow sensor, 20-pressure sensor, 21-Pressure gauge, 22-pressure switch, 23-flow speed control valve, 24- Tidal level observation cylinder, 251-liquid level gauge I, 252-liquid level gauge II, 26-tidal level regulation oil cylinder, 27-tidal level bar, the upper magnet of 281-, 282- The next magnet, 29-magnetic sensor, 301-converges sea cable, 302-disembarkation sea cable
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the detailed description of the invention of the present invention is conducted further description.
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, combined oscillating floater wave energy generating set and TT&C system thereof, including TRT and survey Ore-controlling Role, TRT includes first order energy conversion system, and including float generating set, each float generating set all includes snorkeling Platform 13 and the oscillating floater 1 being arranged on snorkeling platform 13, through snorkeling platform 13 and counter weight construction 15 below oscillating floater 1 It is fixed on seabed；Second level energy conversion system: include hydraulic cylinder 2 and fuel tank 3, it is floating that the hydraulic stem of hydraulic cylinder 2 is connected to vibration The upper surface of son 1；Third level energy conversion system: include hydraulic motor 4 and generator 5, hydraulic motor 4 drives generator 5 Generating.
Second level energy conversion system also includes hydraulic energy-accumulating system；As shown in figures 1 and 3, Fig. 3 is schematic diagram, shown TRT is the TRT of four snorkeling platforms 13.The quantity of snorkeling platform 13 and oscillating floater 1 can be according to generating capacity Design.Hydraulic energy-accumulating system includes the Accumulator arrangements being made up of at least one accumulator 7, the rod chamber of each hydraulic cylinder 2 and nothing Bar chamber and fuel tank 3 are organized independent accumulation of energy check valve group 6 through one and are connected to each accumulator 7 entrance, form energy storage branch road, often It is respectively mounted accumulation of energy check valve 8 on individual energy storage branch road；The outlet of each accumulator 7 connects a magnetic valve 9, and releases energy check valve 10, Flow sensor 19, formed release can branch road, a plurality of release can branch road all access release can loop, release can install on loop hydraulic motor 4, Total magnetic valve 11, total magnetic valve 11 is arranged on accumulator 7 and exports between hydraulic motor 4, and hydraulic motor 4 drives generator 5 Generating；Each accumulator 7 all connects a pressure sensor 20.
Accumulation of energy check valve group 6 includes two branch roads, and every branch road includes two check valves in the same direction, structure as shown in Figure 1, Check valve K1 and check valve K2 is installed on branch road one, branch road two is installed check valve K3 and check valve K4, having of hydraulic cylinder 2 Bar chamber and rodless cavity are respectively connected on every branch road, between two check valves, i.e. the rod chamber of hydraulic cylinder 2 accesses check valve K1 With between check valve K2, rodless cavity accesses between check valve K3 and check valve K4.Fuel tank 3 accesses one of two branch roads also Connection point；Article two, another point in parallel of branch road accesses energy storage branch road.
Absorb the ability of energy in order to preferably play oscillating floater wave energy generating set, devise many group float generating sets；This TRT in embodiment includes two groups of float generating sets, and often group float generating set includes a snorkeling platform 13, one of them Installing four groups of floats on snorkeling platform 13, another snorkeling platform 13 is installed five groups of floats, each oscillating floater 1 is all connected with A set of independent tidal level adaptive system；The installed capacity of each float generating set all can reach 100KW.As in figure 2 it is shown, one Two oscillating floaters 1 are installed on snorkeling platform 13, each oscillating floater 1 connect corresponding hydraulic cylinder 2, fuel tank 3, Hydraulic motor 4 and generator 5 etc..
In order to ensure the stability that oscillating floater 1 moves, installing vertical guide post 18 on snorkeling platform 1, oscillating floater 1 is inserted Enter in vertical guide post 18, vertically the direction motion of guide post 18.
The operation principle of TRT is: oscillating floater 1 does under vertical degree of freedom along vertical guide post 18 under the promotion of wave Oscillating movement, it is achieved wave energy to float vibration mechanical energy the first order energy conversion；Oscillating floater 1 top and hydraulic cylinder 2 Piston rod be rigidly connected, during float oscillating movement promote piston rod acting, and then hydraulic cylinder 2 output hydraulic pressure oil, by unidirectional The valve group 6 oil-filled accumulation of energy of each accumulator 7 in Accumulator arrangements.Control system, by setting the threshold value of accumulator 7, treats accumulator The energy-storage pressure of 7 controls magnetic valve 9 after reaching the threshold value set and opens, the hydraulic energy release of accumulator 7 savings, promotes liquid Pressure motor 4 rotates, it is achieved accumulator 7 stores the hydraulic energy second level energy conversion to hydraulic motor 4 rotating mechanical energy；Hydraulic pressure Motor 4 is coaxially connected with generator 5, drives generator 5 to operate, produce electric energy when hydraulic motor 4 rotates.Generator 5 is defeated Go out electric energy directly to be consumed or grid-connected by load, it is achieved the third level energy conversion of hydraulic motor 4 rotating mechanical energy to electric energy.Whole The conversion process of energy schematic diagram of individual device is as shown in Figure 7.Energy capture system realizes the conversion of first order energy, and energy conversion is System realizes the second level and the conversion of third level energy.
The operation principle (workflow) of hydraulic energy-accumulating system is: multiple oscillating floaters 1 do Vertical Free under the promotion of wave Oscillating movement under Du, oscillating floater 1 top is rigidly connected with the piston rod of hydraulic cylinder 2, pushes away during oscillating floater 1 oscillating movement Dynamic piston rod acting, and then hydraulic cylinder 2 output hydraulic pressure oil, the hydraulic oil of multiple hydraulic cylinders 2 output is by accumulation of energy check valve group 6 Collect, then oil-filled accumulation of energy in Accumulator arrangements.Use for double acting hydraulic cylinder, its rod chamber and rodless cavity are all with oily Case 3, Accumulator arrangements connect, and construct bidirectional circulating hydraulic system, it is ensured that oscillating floater 1 rises or falls all can be effective To the inner oil-filled accumulation of energy of accumulator 7, improve energy conversion efficiency.Corresponding to Fig. 3, the multiple accumulators 7 in Accumulator arrangements are same Walking oil-filled accumulation of energy, Simultaneous Pressure rises.After accumulator 7 pressure reaches the energy-storage pressure upper limit threshold set, control magnetic valve 9 open, it is achieved energy discharges, and hydraulic oil promotes hydraulic motor 4 to operate.The oil circuit connected with hydraulic motor 4 is also associated with overflowing Stream valve 12 and flow speed control valve, for preventing the overflow of hydraulic oil and controlling the flow velocity of hydraulic oil.
Major loop and each branch road in hydraulic energy-accumulating system are mounted with that multiple pressure sensor 20 and flow sensor 19 are each with detection Accumulator 7 pressure of accumulation of energy branch road and flow of draining the oil.Each accumulator 7 has also installed pressure switch 22 and Pressure gauge 21 additional, Pressure switch 22 can be detecting that energy storage pressure provides switching value alarm signal when reaching certain alarming value upper and lower limit.Above-mentioned The output signal of pressure sensor and flow sensor can the analog quantity current acquisition interface of data collecting system as shown in Figure 17 Carry out Real-time Collection.
So-called TT&C system, most basic being intended to realizes two big functions: monitors and controls.This two big function is by shown in Figure 16 Master controller realize.Master controller is integrated in control room, is arranged on generation platform 17.
The framework of TT&C system can be divided into: controlled device layer: first order energy is transformed into the energy of third level energy conversion and transmitted Journey.Local key-course: core is master controller, relates to the local process prison that first order energy is transformed into the conversion of third level energy Survey and control.Management and running layer: include that monitoring communicates between host computer, and master controller, it is achieved ring each to controlled scene Save the real-time networking monitoring of running status, dispatch and manage.
For controlled device layer, the data acquisition in system work process, multiple sensor during the groundwork that TT&C system completes The detection first order can connect the procedure parameter in conversion links to the third level in real time.Including the first order energy conversion measurement and control unit, second Level energy conversion measurement and control unit, third level energy conversion measurement and control unit.
First order energy conversion measurement and control unit includes first order data collecting system, is used for gathering oscillating floater 1 moving displacement, liquid Position is counted the level value of I251 and liquid level gauge II252 collection and is delivered to master controller；Energy conversion measurement and control unit in the second level includes the Secondary data acquisition system, for gathering magnetic valve 9, the status information of total magnetic valve 11, and flow sensor 19, pressure pass The data message of sensor 20, and it is delivered to master controller；Third level energy conversion measurement and control unit includes third level data collecting system, Electric current, voltage, load branch absorbed power, information about power is exported for gathering generator 5；And it is delivered to master controller.
In addition, TT&C system further relates to such as ambient temperature and humidity, every procedure parameter of photovoltaic uninterruptible power system Gather (such as solar panels output voltage, electric current, battery tension, electric current, inverter output voltage, electric current etc.).
Master controller can realize two kinds of data acquisition schemes: high-speed data acquisition pattern (sample rate is up to 1MHz) and low speed data Drainage pattern (sample rate is less than 100Hz).High speed acquisition pattern is applicable to gather such as oscillating floater 1 moving displacement, generating Machine 5 output voltage instantaneous value, generator 5 export the fast-changing procedure parameters such as transient current instantaneous value；Low speed drainage pattern It is applicable to gather such as hydraulic circuit pressure, flow, ambient temperature and humidity, load temperature, photovoltaic system procedure parameter etc. become at a slow speed The procedure parameter changed.The data gathered both can be stored in the hard disk of local monitor industrial computer, can pass through again long distance wireless net Network monitoring system carries out access and the extraction of remote data file.
Why design high and low both of which, allow for only with high-speed data acquisition pattern, for as ambient temperature and humidity etc. A kind of redundancy of the collection of the procedure parameter changed at a slow speed, and many parameter synchronization high-speed sampling, certainly will cause this locality The hard drive space of monitoring industrial computer is not enough all the more along with the trail run of sea day by day of device, monitors even by remote wireless network System extracts data transmitting file, also can factor data amount of storage excessive and limit extraction efficiency.
In order to improve acquisition precision, the sensor that device lays all uses 4～20mA outputs, and (current mode output transducer is than electricity Die mould output transducer is superior performance in terms of overcoming interference).Figure 17 is the hardware structure of high/low speed data collecting system, master control Device processed externally provides analog quantity current acquisition interface, total AI0-AI31 32 acquisition channels, wherein AIn and AIn+1 structures Become a difference acquisition channel, n=0,2,4 ... 30；Also a single-ended acquisition channel, n=0～31 can be constituted by AIn and COM.
Above-mentioned each passage, for gathering 4～20mA signals of sensor output, turns 1～5V built-up circuit through internal 4～20mA, Be converted to voltage signal again after AD conversion, by RJ45 interface and based on ICP/IP protocol, each channel acquisition amount uploaded To local monitor industrial computer.The acquisition system hardware structure of two kinds of data acquisition schemes of high, low speed is identical.
In order to realize high-speed data acquisition, it is specifically designed collecting method based on " state machine " thought, Integrated Simulation TCP/IP Agreement so that industrial computer and master controller by RJ45 interface and can realize full-duplex communication based on ICP/IP protocol.So-called " shape State machine " thought, refer to thinking that utilization state redirects to complete certain function, and be no longer traditional software use based on " suitable Sequence programming mode " procedure design philosophy.
The design philosophy of " state machine ", is different from traditional sequence flow design philosophy, uses a kind of data acquisition shape The thought that state redirects.As shown in figure 18, data acquisition state transition flow process is: first set sample frequency, at a high speed with low speed number Being different according to the sample frequency of drainage pattern, perform data acquisition session is first to carry out parameter initialization every time；Based on " shape State machine " collecting method on the basis of the time, every day gather data file be stored in the data storage file on the same day. As current time >=00:00:00, gather data, open the data storage file in units of the date；To the data received Process, be stored in data storage file, as current time >=23:59:59, stop collection process, close data and deposit Storage file.
Based on above-mentioned " state machine " programming idea, under LabVIEW development environment, write master controller data acquisition software, Match with hardware system shown in Figure 17, it is achieved the synchronous high-speed data acquisition to multinomial procedure parameter.
Software provides Man Machine Interface, it is simple to carry out Software function test.During in view of device actual motion at sea, place In unattended state, therefore trigger software data during actual motion and gather process to start " event " with end to be to currently The judgement of system time, stores a data file (.tdms form) every day.
Special needs to be pointed out is, it is achieved high-speed data acquisition must assure that these data collected of intact storage, and this is just Relate to gather data high speed storing, traditional data storage file form (.xls .xlsx .dat .txt etc.) also or Database purchase pattern (Access, oracle database etc.) is the most applicable.Therefore, master controller data acquisition software is special The bottom layer driving of the other file system to Windows (NTFS) is modified, to realize high-speed data processing.
Test proves, the upper computer software write based on " state machine " thought, it is possible to achieve the high speed of industrial computer operating system is entered Journey switches, and then realizes high-speed data acquisition.Fig. 7 is " state machine " implementation pattern of host computer data acquisition software.
For the master controller of the local key-course of TT&C system, including tidal level self-adaptive controller, hydraulic energy-accumulating control unit, Cutting-in control unit, load control unit.
(1) tidal level self-adaptive controller.
In order to accurately acquisition device lays the sea situation information (wave height, tidal level) in marine site, traditional technical method is to specify sea Territory lays a kind of oceanographic observation precision instrument being referred to as " visualizer unrestrained, damp ", cost extremely expensive (the most hundreds thousand of).In order to Cost-effective, can accurately obtain again sea situation information simultaneously, devise tide detection device, as shown in Figure 4.Use throw-in type Liquid level gauge is as detecting element, one tidal level observation cylinder 24 of the other welding of guide post 18 at oscillating floater 1, tidal level observation cylinder 24 Perforate up and down, upper perforated area is more than lower perforated area, forms the structure of up/down perforation, a similar linker.This structure The most how no matter the sea big ups and downs that can ensure outside tidal level observation cylinder 24, in tidal level observation cylinder 24, it is always maintained at hydrostatic level, also Be exactly to maintain an equal level with current tidal level, i.e. tidal level in tidal level observation cylinder 24 is not affected by extraneous wave.Utilize this principle, arrange Two liquid level gauges, the called putting-into-type liquid level meter 251 in tidal level observation cylinder 24 just can detect current tidal level in real time, be designated as HT, Again based on above-mentioned data collecting system, it is possible to the tidal level change in the current marine site of complete documentation.Lay another outside tidal level observation cylinder 24 One called putting-into-type liquid level meter 252, this liquid level gauge is on identical basal plane with the liquid level gauge in tidal level observation cylinder 24, like this, This liquid level gauge actually detected to be the water level of seawater, be designated as HS, then based on above-mentioned data collecting system, it is possible to complete documentation The SEA LEVEL VARIATION in current marine site.The liquid level information that liquid level gauge 251 and liquid level gauge 252 record feeds back to host computer, it is contemplated that arbitrarily In the moment, the water level of seawater is actually what tidal level superposition wave was formed, and host computer is according to formula (1), it is possible to obtain the wave of wave Gao Liao, is designated as HW。
HW=HS-HT (1)
The control volume that first order energy is changed by TT&C system overcomes tide now with hardware configuration and the control method of control system Position change reduces the adverse effect of hydraulic cylinder useful effect stroke.As a example by Qingdao Area marine site, within one day 24 hours, tidal level all exists Rise, fall change, and the tidal range of every day (highest water level and the difference of the water level of lowest water level) is average up to 3 meters, extreme tide range up to More than 4 meters.As before, the water level of seawater is actually what tidal level superposition wave was formed, it is considered to a kind of extreme case, namely one Occurring without wave in it, the seawater water surface is totally stationary, then oscillating floater 1 as well as the rising of tidal level, fall and float or under Fall.Because oscillating floater 1 top is connected with hydraulic cylinder piston rod, like this, hydraulic cylinder piston rod the most also has 3 meters Above stroke.The cylinder barrel of hydraulic cylinder 2 is but fixed, and so, the consequence directly contributed is: at the incoming tide, The upper long stroke of hydraulic cylinder piston rod shortens, and has the danger taken blame for others；During ebb tide, the lower long stroke of hydraulic cylinder piston rod shortens, There is the danger of de-cylinder.
Traditional solution is the length lengthening Barrel of Hydraulic Cylinders, singly in the marine site that some tidal-level difference type is bigger, Barrel of Hydraulic Cylinders Length at least will be at about 5 meters.But this hydraulic cylinder, not only difficulty of processing is big, and structural strength can not ensure, but also meeting Affect the structural stability of whole TRT.
Native system devises tidal level adaptive system, to solve problem above.As it is shown in figure 5, tidal level adaptive system, including tidal level Regulation oil cylinder 26 and the tidal level bar 27 being erected on oscillating floater 1；Hydraulic cylinder 2 is dual stage telescoping double acting hydraulic cylinder, tide Position regulation oil cylinder 26 be three grades of scalable double acting hydraulic cylinders, total magnetic valve 11 is three position four-way electromagnetic valve, including upper valve position 111, Middle valve position 112 and lower valve position 113, on tidal level bar 27, upper magnet 281 and the next magnet 282 are installed in interval；On guide post 18 Being provided with magnetic sensor 29, vertical position is between upper magnet 281 and the next magnet 282, and tidal level regulates oil cylinder 26 Cylinder rod concatenate with the rodless cavity of hydraulic cylinder 2, the tidal level regulation rod chamber of oil cylinder 26 and rodless cavity are coupled with total magnetic valve Lower valve position 113 and upper valve position 111.
As shown in Figure 6, the operation principle (workflow) of tidal level adaptive system is: the spool acquiescence of total magnetic valve 11 turns on Middle valve position 112, the most not fuel feeding in tidal level regulation oil cylinder 26.Magnetic sensor 29 is positioned on guide post 18, not with tide Fluctuate and move；At the incoming tide, oscillating floater 1 floats, and magnetic sensor 29 detects the next magnet 282, magnetic sensor 29 Output port 1 export high level signal to controller, the count value+1 of the built-in counter of controller, it is contemplated that oscillating floater 1 Can be with wave vibration, for preventing erroneous judgement, controller is protected on detection algorithm, namely in the time interval set, During count value >=3 of and if only if counter, just thinking that tidal level goes up, otherwise Counter Value resets, and waits high level next time The arrival of signal.After detecting that tidal level goes up, controller provides the driving signal of the loop A of three position four-way electromagnetic valve, total electromagnetism The lower valve position 113 of valve 11 is connected, and the rod chamber oil-feed of tidal level regulation hydraulic cylinder 26, rodless cavity is fuel-displaced, and (hydraulic oil comes from storage Energy device group), under the driving of hydraulic coupling, the piston rod of tidal level regulation hydraulic cylinder 26 shrinks, and this piston rod and hydraulic cylinder 2 Outer cylinder connect, therefore can lifting hydraulic cylinder 2 outer cylinder, after the time of setting to be hoisted, loop A power-off, three-position four-way valve Spool come back to middle valve position 112, oil circuit disconnects, and lifting terminates.The effect reached is: due to flood tide before not havinging Cause the negative consequence that on hydraulic cylinder 2 piston rod, long stroke shortens.Cause and take blame for others, destroy hydraulic cylinder 2.
In like manner, during ebb tide, oscillating floater 1 declines, and magnetic sensor 29 detects upper magnet 281, magnetic sensor defeated Go out port 2 and export high level signal to controller, the count value+1 of the built-in counter of controller, remain between the time set Every interior, during count value >=3 of and if only if counter, just thinking that tidal level falls, otherwise Counter Value resets, and waits next time The arrival of high level signal.Detecting and fall behind under tidal level, controller provides the driving signal of the coil B of three position four-way electromagnetic valve, The upper valve position 111 of total magnetic valve 11 is connected, and the rodless cavity oil-feed of tidal level regulation hydraulic cylinder 26, rod chamber is fuel-displaced, and (hydraulic oil comes From in Accumulator arrangements), under the driving of hydraulic coupling, the piston rod elongation of tidal level regulation hydraulic cylinder 29, and this piston rod and hydraulic pressure The outer cylinder of cylinder 2 connects, and therefore can transfer hydraulic cylinder 2 outer cylinder, after the time transferring setting, and coil B power-off, three The spool of cross valve comes back to middle valve position 112, and oil circuit disconnects, and transfers end.The effect reached is: before not havinging by The negative consequence that long stroke shortens under ebb tide causes hydraulic cylinder 2 piston rod.
Tidal level adaptive control system has manually and automatically two kinds of mode of operations, and describe above is automatic operation mode.Manual mould Formula refers to utilize remote wireless network monitoring system, artificially issues control instruction to controller, and then controller is according to instruction Provide the driving signal of the coil of three position four-way electromagnetic valve.Realize the artificial manual manipulation promoting or transferring of hydraulic cylinder 2 cylinder barrel.
(2) hydraulic energy-accumulating control unit
Unrestrained high upper limit threshold H is set by master controllerH, unrestrained high lower threshold HL, energy-storage pressure upper limit threshold PH, accumulation of energy pressure Power lower limit PL, master controller can set difference according to the testing result of the pressure collected, flow and sea situation monitoring system Energy release control strategy, master controller obtains the high information of wave in current marine site according to formula (1), and in certain time interval In, count the mean value that wave is high, when unrestrained high mean value is more than the unrestrained high threshold set, it is believed that the wave power in current marine site Relatively big, the accumulation of energy of higher energy levels can be carried out.In consideration of it, TT&C system can improve energy-storage pressure upper limit threshold PH, it is simultaneously Guarantee that the equipment such as hydraulic motor 4, valve control assembly will not be caused greater impact, observing and controlling system in the energy release stage by Accumulator arrangements System can automatically control magnetic valve group and open successively.Specifically, the energy-storage pressure upper limit threshold P set is reachedHAfter, first control Magnetic valve 1 in Accumulator arrangements is opened, and accumulator 1 releases energy.Along with the gradually release of energy, accumulator 1 pressure is gradually Reduce, as the energy-storage pressure lower threshold P being reduced to settingLTime, controlling magnetic valve 2 and open, accumulator 2 releases energy.With The gradually release of energy, accumulator 2 pressure is gradually reduced, as the energy-storage pressure lower threshold P being reduced to settingLTime, control Magnetic valve 3 is opened, and accumulator 3 releases energy.Treat that the pressure of accumulator 3 is reduced to energy-storage pressure lower threshold PLAfter, control Magnetic valve 1,2,3 simultaneously close off, and so far complete exergonic whole process.
In like manner, obtain the high information of wave in current marine site according to formula (1), and at a certain time interval, count high the putting down of wave Average, when unrestrained high mean value is always below unrestrained high lower threshold H in a certain time intervalL, it is believed that the wave power in current marine site Less, the accumulation of energy of relatively low energy level can only be carried out.In consideration of it, TT&C system can reduce energy-storage pressure upper limit threshold pH, simultaneously In order to ensure that the maximal efficiency energy in release stage discharges, TT&C system can automatically control magnetic valve group and synchronize to open.Specifically, Reach the energy-storage pressure upper limit threshold P setHAfter, controlling magnetic valve 1,2,3 and open simultaneously, three accumulators synchronize to carry out energy Release, pressure also synchronizes to decline.When pressure drops to energy-storage pressure lower threshold PLAfter, control magnetic valve 1,2,3 and simultaneously close off, So far exergonic whole process is completed.
During it is pointed out that above-mentioned two, the control strategy of magnetic valve group is different, and reason is, high one section at wave Time in time always above its unrestrained high threshold set, Accumulator arrangements energy-storage pressure has reached the upper limit, if starting simultaneously at magnetic valve Magnetic valve in group, the energy of abrupt release is very big, easily causes the damage of system unit.
The workflow of the above-mentioned automatic operation mode for hydraulic energy-accumulating system, have also been devised manual work pattern.Manual mode is Finger can utilize remote wireless network monitoring system, artificially issues control instruction to controller, and then controller is according to instruction control Magnetic valve 1,2,3 open and close, it is achieved accumulator 1,2, the manual capacity regulator release of 3.
In the case of being operated in high energy-storage pressure in view of hydraulic energy-accumulating system, certain potential danger can be there is, set the most especially Count safeguard measure.In Fig. 3, the effect one of three flow sensors 19 is by flow detection when accumulator is drained the oil, but uses Carry out fault diagnosis.Such as, when magnetic valve 1 cuts out, the flow that flow sensor 1 detects ought to be 0, but such as Fruit now collects present flow rate more than the flow threshold q setHTime, it is believed that there is the fault such as pressure release, leakage of oil in pipeline, therefore controls Device processed can send alarm signal immediately, then uploads warning message to remote monitoring center by remote wireless network monitoring system.
The design of hydraulic energy-accumulating system has the advantage that
Hydraulic cylinder output hydraulic pressure oil is no longer used directly to drive " direct-driving type " structure of hydraulic motor, but at hydraulic cylinder and hydraulic pressure Add the energy-storing pressure-stabilizing link being made up of Accumulator arrangements, valve control assembly and multiple sensor between motor, can effectively overcome China coastal seas marine site Wave energy density this drawback low, first carries out energy accumulation, and accumulation carries out energy release again to certain phase. It is possible not only to be greatly improved the power output of generator, improves the wave energy energy conversion efficiency to electric energy, and can be with maximum limit Degree keeps the steady operating of energy release stage hydraulic motor, and then hydraulic motor drives generator steadily to operate, and generator exports The big web stabilization of electric power (voltage stabilization and frequency stabilization).This is that " direct-driving type " structure institute is the most inaccessiable；
Energy release control strategy can be automatically adjusted by TT&C system according to sea situation, both ensure that energy conversion efficiency, has protected again Demonstrate,prove the safe operation of system actual sea examination；
While realizing basic accumulation of energy and exoergic control, devise alarm mechanism and fault diagnosis mechanism, and based on long-range nothing Line network monitoring system is uploaded to Surveillance center, conscientiously ensure that unmanned marine power generation platform safe and reliable operation.
(3) cutting-in control, load control unit
The final purpose of TRT is to obtain electric energy, is exported by electric energy.In native system, electric energy output system belongs to third level energy Converting system, including grid-connected branch road and load branch；I.e., it is thus achieved that electric energy there are two kinds of transport way, one is via grid-connected Branch road is incorporated to utility grid, and its structure and principle are as shown in Figure 9；Another kind is via load branch consumption, its structure and principle As shown in Figure 10.
Generator output electric energy is directly considered by the design of resistance consumption on platform: 1) TT&C system can be by monitoring difference Under load resistance, the output voltage of generator, electric current and power output, the energy conversion efficiency of device under assessment different loads； 2) if it occur that submarine cable ruptures, or the system malfunctions of electric power integration management on the bank, needing to overhaul, generator is defeated Go out electric energy and the most do not possess disembarkation transmission conditions, at this time can utilize load directly off-load on platform.
Load branch includes least one set star resistance, and often three branch roads of group star resistance are respectively through branch switch sending and receiving motor 5 Three-phase output end, the corresponding contactless contactor of one group of star resistance, be used for controlling three branch switch in this group star resistance Break-make.The resistance accessed by controlling each group of star resistance controls to load resistance.
As shown in figure 11, employing 3 groups of three-phase symmetrical star resistance in the present embodiment, resistance is respectively 10 Ω, 40 Ω and 160 Ω. Often group star resistance respectively corresponding contactor controller KM1, KM2, KM3, TT&C system output or cut off KM1, KM2 and The driving signal of tri-contactor coils of KM3, and then control closing of tri-contactor normally opened contacts of KM1, KM2 and KM3 Close or disconnect, it is achieved the access generator 4 of load, disconnection generator 4, and the switching of different resistance load.Connect by control The opening and closing of tentaculum contact, can be combined into the load of multiple resistance: 7.62 Ω (10 Ω // 160, Ω // 40 Ω=7.62 Ω), 8 Ω (10 Ω=8, Ω // 40 Ω), 9.41 Ω (10 Ω=9.41, Ω // 160 Ω), 10 Ω, 32 Ω (40 Ω=32, Ω // 160 Ω), 40 Ω, 160 Ω.This A kind of load design thought of " multistage classification ".So-called " multistage " refers to have employed the mode organizing resistor coupled in parallel more Construct load combinations as much as possible, and the power grade that " classification " refers to different resistance load is different, loads resistance The least, power grade is the highest.So selecting resistance, one is to realize the energy conversion of device under assessment different loads above Efficiency, two is the load resistance by selecting different capacity grade, reduces the development cost of system to greatest extent.
Energy storage pressure is low, accumulation of energy threshold value is low, and the driving force of accumulator will be low, directly results in the big electricity of fluid motor-driven The ability of machine is low, is adjusted to relatively big at this time, it may be necessary to control load resistance, makes electric current less, thus reduce electromagnetic resistance.On the contrary, When energy storage pressure height, accumulation of energy threshold value height, need to control load resistance and be transferred to less, make electric current relatively big, increase electromagnetic resistance.
Comparing the mode of load power consumption, entering the market of generator output electric energy is grid-connected, is the processing mode more having practical value, in fact Existing mode is grid-connected to carrying out on the bank by submarine cable transmission.As shown in figure 12, before disembarkation, first by flat for two generatings The electric power output of platform utilizes observing and controlling TT&C system to converge on a platform.As shown in figure 12.By one of them platform Generator 5 output power is delivered on another platform by converging sea cable 301, then with the output of another platform generator 5 Electric power carries out after platform converges, transmitting on the bank eventually through disembarkation sea cable 302.
The design philosophy that first this two platform electric energy carry out converging has many advantages and originality:
In view of Qingdao Area marine site, the characteristic of sea situation is that wave height is little, and the cycle is short, and energy-flux density is low, therefore the examination of device actual sea During operation, need to carry out accumulation of energy (up to a few hours) for a long time, but the release process of energy be extremely short (a few minutes), So, the utilization rate of submarine cable is the most extremely low.High in view of the production cost of submarine cable, lay that difficulty is huge, dimension Protect cost high, after two platform electric energy are converged on a platform, then by a submarine cable transmission disembarkation, not only carry The high utilization rate of cable, and reduce production cost and the difficulty of construction of device to greatest extent；
Electric energy, by a submarine cable transmission disembarkation, the most only need to use a set of power converter apparatus to carry out electric energy at secondary Can carry out grid-connected after reason, reduce the development cost of the system of electric power integration management on the bank.
Figure 13 is electric energy merging control structural representation, and the output three-phase electricity of each generator 4 is by high-power three-phase alternating-current electricity Son switch carries out switching.What three-phase alternating current electronics switched three branch structures are consistent, all have employed the two-way inverse parallel of IGCT Structure.Master controller in Figure 16 is tied according to the voltage sensor of generator three-phase electricity output major loop and the detection of current sensor Really, the zero crossing carrying out three-phase alternating current judges, and provides the Trig control signal of IGCT according to judged result, controls brilliant lock The conducting of pipe and shutoff, and then realize the switching control of generator output electric energy.Three-phase alternating current electronics switch is used to allow for Electronic switch, relative to traditional mechanical switch, turns on and does not has time delay with shutoff, can carry out high-frequency on, off, and Mechanical wear is there is unlike the mechanical contact of mechanical switch.
As before, TT&C system is when realizing the merging control of two platform output electric energy, need and the control phase of second level energy conversion Coordinate.In order to ensure that the safe and reliable of merging control is carried out, any time is necessary to ensure that and the hydraulic energy-accumulating of only one of which platform System carries out energy release.Devise two Platform communication mechanism for this, i.e. in the extra large cable (converging) shown in Figure 12, add Two order wires, the master controller of the TT&C system of two platforms can transmit mutually signal of communication by order wire.Specifically, 4 The hydraulic energy-accumulating system of float platform whether under manually or in automatic operation mode, carry out exergonic before in a flash, Provide signal by order wire, and this signal is always maintained at the energy release of hydraulic energy-accumulating system and terminates.The master of 5 float platforms Controller upon receipt of the signal, locking hydraulic energy-accumulating system (by magnetic valve 1 in Fig. 3,2,3 Close Alls) at once, and Based on the control logic within main control, disable part human-computer interaction function, in other words, even if now wishing by remotely prison It is all impossible that Ore-controlling Role artificially opens the magnetic valve 1,2,3 in Fig. 3.When the hydraulic energy-accumulating system of 4 float platforms completes energy After release, disconnecting this signal of communication, 5 float platform master controllers release the locking to hydraulic energy-accumulating system subsequently, open banned Human-computer interaction function.In like manner, 5 float platforms are still that based on above-mentioned communication mechanism, communicate with 4 float platforms, Then 4 float platforms control (locking hydraulic energy-accumulating system, disable part human-computer interaction function) accordingly.
Figure 14 is circuit theory diagrams during the grid-connected power converter apparatus of generator band.Have employed The topological structure of AC/DC DC/DC DC/AC AC/AC.Electric energy transmits on the bank through disembarkation sea cable 302 after converging, first First pass through electromagnetic interface filter and filter high-frequency harmonic, improve the quality of power supply；Then by the uncontrollable full-wave rectification of three-phase, intersect three Stream electric rectification becomes direct current, it is achieved AC/DC converts；After rectification, Sepic translation circuit is used to carry out secondary pressure, namely DC/DC converts, and can realize the voltage stabilizing output under wide-range direct current voltage input based on closed-loop control；Batteries is connected in parallel on direct current On bus, one is the output electric energy that can absorb generator, and two is to play effect that is stable and that support DC bus-bar voltage；Observing and controlling System can monitor the state-of-charge (State of Charge, be abbreviated as SOC) of batteries in real time, when SOC >=0.9, it is believed that Batteries will enter the state of overcharging, and now TT&C system can control the electric power generation unloading resistance access dc bus shown in Figure 14, inhales Receiving unnecessary electric energy, generator can be because the access of electric power generation unloading resistance and retarding braking simultaneously, it is ensured that battery will not overcharge, and ensures The safe and healthy operation of battery；After DC/DC conversion, use inverter to realize DC/AC conversion, DC inverter is become Alternating current；Realizing AC/AC by transformer subsequently to convert, conversion obtains the alternating current consistent with the electric pressure of civil power, Carry out follow-up grid-connected.
Corresponding to the DC/DC translation circuit (Sepic translation circuit) in Figure 14, Figure 15 is the closed-loop control system knot of this circuit Composition.
The structure two close cycles cascade control system of closed-loop control system, outer shroud is Voltage loop, and inner ring is electric current loop, TT&C system Master controller achieves the PI control algolithm shown in Figure 15.As before, the hydraulic energy-accumulating system of device has been able to significantly carry very The stationarity of high generator output power, adds the closed-loop control that TT&C system realizes, it is possible to stablize DC/DC conversion further The direct voltage output of circuit.During device actual motion, desired direct voltage output can be set based on long distance control system, The namely V in Figure 15ref, then TT&C system just can control Figure 15 based on the circuit structure shown in Figure 15 and control algolithm In voltage output, it is achieved Vout=Vref.Ensure that the stable DC voltage output of DC/DC translation circuit, add battery Support, it is possible to ensure follow-up DC/AC inverter output AC electricity voltage stabilization and frequency stabilization.
For the management and running layer of TT&C system, local wired network monitoring system and remote wireless network monitoring system can be divided into.
Local wired network monitoring system: under device before the examination of water sea, needs the TT&C system of design is carried out test repeatedly, To guarantee the reliability of function.Now can realize the real-time networking to test process by local wired network monitoring system Monitoring.The marine maintenance of device in the future, scientific research personnel also can utilize local wired network monitoring system to observing and controlling system in control room The various functions of system carries out debugging maintenance.The communication link structure chart of local wired network monitoring system as shown in figure 19, its essence Being by industrial switch, with local monitor industrial computer, master controller is accessed same LAN, local monitor industrial computer passes through Monitoring software, grasps the pressure of the running status of each link of whole device, such as hydraulic circuit, flow, also or power converter The voltage of system, electric current etc..Also control instruction can be issued to controller by monitoring software, it is achieved such as TT&C system Working mould The hand of formula/automatically switch, control the setting etc. of parameter.
Remote wireless network monitoring system: in view of the unmanned state of device sea trail run, in local cable network monitoring be On the basis of system, design and develop remote wireless network monitoring system, in order to the operation shape of remote real-time monitoring offshore installation State.Remote wireless network monitoring system is divided into Three models according to communication distance: closely pattern (monitoring distance≤100 meters), Middle distance mode (monitoring distance≤10km), remote pattern (monitoring is not limited by distance).Figure 20-Figure 22 is respectively three kinds The communication link structure chart of communication pattern.
Corresponding to Figure 20, closely the communication distance of the monitoring of the wireless network under pattern is within 100m.Local monitor industrial computer After accessing same LAN with master controller, industrial switch connects WIFI router to realize the wireless of LAN Extension so that cover WIFI signal around device in the range of 100 meters.Monitoring computer i.e. can be accessed by this local after connecting WIFI Net, is still that by monitoring software shown in Figure 20, carries out full-duplex communication with master controller based on ICP/IP protocol, it is achieved right First order energy is transformed into the process monitoring of third level energy conversion.Data acquisition system data are stored in local monitor industry control In the hard disk of machine, the remote access to data storage file and extraction can be realized by the communication link shown in Figure 20.In this locality Setting up a ftp server and open access rights on monitoring industrial computer, all of acquired data storage file is all placed on specifies Under path, being then based on the communication link shown in Figure 20, scientific research personnel can directly log in ftp server, accesses specified circuit Data storage file under footpath, it is also possible to directly duplication data storage file is to monitoring on computer, convenient and swift.
Corresponding to Figure 21, the communication distance of the wireless network monitoring under middle distance mode, within 10km, is primarily adapted for use in scientific research Whole device is remotely monitored by personnel at the harbour bordered on the sea, certainly, middle distance mode also can realize closely monitoring (as long as Ensure distance≤10km).After local monitor industrial computer accesses same LAN with master controller, industrial switch connects Wireless bridge, wireless bridge can launch and accept high frequency Wireless microwave (5.8GHz), and this high-frequency microwave is equivalent to the load of information Ripple.The most also lay a wireless bridge, carry out point-to-point connection with the wireless bridge in device control room, on the bank wireless Bridge couple in router, so, monitoring cyber-net video recorder i.e. can be accessed by local monitor industrial computer by router LAN with master controller place.By monitoring software, monitoring computer carries out complete double with master controller based on ICP/IP protocol Work communicates, it is achieved first order energy is transformed into the process monitoring of third level energy conversion.Meanwhile, Network Personal Video Recorder can be remembered in real time Record and store the video information of camera collection, facilitate scientific research personnel to check the marine ruuning situation of device at any time.In this The long-range monitoring of distance mode, scientific research personnel can access according to the mode described before and extract local monitor work at any time The data file of storage in control machine hard disk.
Above two monitoring mode is actually accomplished that LAN monitors.Corresponding to Figure 22, the wireless network under remote pattern The communication distance of network monitoring is no longer limited by distance, is primarily adapted for use in scientific research personnel in the laboratory away from seashore to whole device Remotely monitoring, certainly, remote pattern also can realize distance detection near, middle.Local monitor industrial computer connects with master controller After entering same LAN, industrial switch connects GPRS-DTU (GPRS data transmission unit), GPRS-DTU first First access GPRS backbone network, " cellular network " namely often said.GPRS backbone network is subsequently by GPRS server and public affairs Net Internet realizes internetworking.Set up a data server on internet, the most so-called " cloud server ", This is effectively equivalent at one " data relay station ", and monitoring computer just can be via under data server after also accessing Internet Send out control instruction to master controller, simultaneously master controller also can via data server in real time upload data to monitor computer, reality Existing is still that full-duplex communication based on ICP/IP protocol, passes through monitoring software.This remote pattern is actually accomplished that LAN and the internetworking of wide area network, belong to the most popular " cloud management " pattern.
Based on above-mentioned Three models, the macrostructure schematic diagram of remote wireless network monitoring system as shown in figure 23 can be obtained, very Just achieving the networking to two marine power generation platforms remotely manage and dispatch.
The properly functioning needs of TT&C system uses electric energy, designs and develop photovoltaic uninterruptible power system, in order to meet device The need for electricity of TT&C system.The structure of photovoltaic uninterruptible power system is as shown in figure 24.The energy source of whole TT&C system is Lead-acid batteries, batteries accesses inverter, and inverter output single-phase 220V, 50Hz alternating current, as TT&C system Power supply.In order to supplement the accumulator electric-quantity consumed in time, use solar panels by charge controller to battery Group charging.At sea be likely to be encountered the situation of continuous rainy weather in view of device, solar panel can not effectively give electric power storage for a long time Pond group charging, the electricity of batteries will be depleted.Therefore on the Functional Design of inverter, except most basic inversion Outside function, add civil power handoff functionality, i.e. when inverter monitors accumulator battery voltage less than the voltage threshold set, can Automatically controlling civil power incision, civil power here is to be guided on generation platform by civil power on the bank by submarine cable.Once civil power Incision inverter, inverter is automatically switched to " civil power output " pattern, and is no longer " inversion " pattern.Work as battery tension After recovery, inverter can jump back to again " inversion " pattern automatically.Photovoltaic uninterruptible power system, has ensured sea conscientiously During operation, TT&C system have reliable power supply.

Claims (9)

  1. The most combined oscillating floater wave energy generating set and TT&C system thereof, including TRT and TT&C system, described TRT Including first order energy conversion system, including float generating set, each float generating set all includes snorkeling platform and is arranged on latent Oscillating floater on floating platform, is fixed on seabed through snorkeling platform and counter weight construction below oscillating floater, and snorkeling platform is installed Vertical guide post, oscillating floater inserts vertical guide post；Second level energy conversion system: include hydraulic cylinder and fuel tank, hydraulic pressure The hydraulic stem of cylinder is connected to the upper surface of oscillating floater；Third level energy conversion system: include hydraulic motor and generator, hydraulic pressure Motor drives electrical power generators；It is characterized in that:
    Described first order energy conversion system includes least one set float generating set and tide detection device, and tide detection device is used High with tidal level just in detection wave；
    Described second level energy conversion system also includes hydraulic energy-accumulating system；
    Described third level energy conversion system includes that electric energy exports system, and including grid-connected branch road and load branch, generator exports End connects grid-connected branch road and load branch respectively；
    Described hydraulic energy-accumulating system includes the Accumulator arrangements being made up of at least one accumulator, the rod chamber of each hydraulic cylinder and nothing Bar chamber and fuel tank are all connected to each accumulator entrance through an independent accumulation of energy check valve group, form energy storage branch road, each Accumulation of energy check valve it is respectively mounted on energy storage branch road；Each accumulator outlet connect a magnetic valve, one release can check valve, one flow pass Sensor, formed release can branch road, a plurality of release can branch road all access release can loop, release and hydraulic motor, always electricity can be installed on loop Magnet valve, total magnetic valve is arranged between accumulator outlet and hydraulic motor, and hydraulic motor-driving generator generates electricity；Each storage Can all connect a pressure sensor by device；
    Described accumulation of energy check valve group includes two branch roads, and every branch road includes two check valves in the same direction, the rod chamber of hydraulic cylinder And rodless cavity is respectively connected on every branch road, between two check valves, fuel tank accesses a point in parallel of two branch roads, two Another point in parallel of bar branch road accesses energy storage branch road；
    Described TT&C system includes first order energy conversion measurement and control unit, the second level energy conversion measurement and control unit, third level energy Conversion measurement and control unit and master controller；
    Described first order energy conversion measurement and control unit includes first order data collecting system, is used for gathering float movement displacement and passing It is delivered to master controller；
    Described second level energy conversion measurement and control unit includes second level data collecting system, is used for gathering magnetic valve, total magnetic valve Status information, and the data message of flow sensor, pressure sensor, and be delivered to master controller；
    Described third level energy conversion measurement and control unit includes third level data collecting system, be used for gathering output generator current, Voltage, load branch absorbed power, information about power；And it is delivered to master controller.
  2. Combined oscillating floater wave energy generating set the most as claimed in claim 1 and TT&C system thereof, it is characterised in that: described One-level energy conversion system also includes that tide detects device, and described tide detection device includes tidal level observation cylinder and liquid level gauge, institute State observation cylinder bottom apex and bottom is respectively provided with opening, and the area of top end opening is more than the area of bottom end opening；Described liquid level In respect of two, lay respectively at tidal level observation cylinder inner side and outer side；The metrical information of liquid level gauge feeds back to first order data acquisition system System, and it is delivered to master controller.
  3. Combined oscillating floater wave energy generating set the most as claimed in claim 1 or 2 and TT&C system thereof, it is characterised in that: institute State second level energy conversion system and also include tidal level adaptive system, regulate oil cylinder and the tide being erected on oscillating floater including tidal level Position bar；Described hydraulic cylinder is dual stage telescoping double acting hydraulic cylinder, and described tidal level regulation oil cylinder is three grades of scalable double acting liquid Cylinder pressure, described total magnetic valve is three position four-way electromagnetic valve, and on described tidal level bar, upper magnet and the next magnet are installed in interval；Liquid Being provided with magnetic sensor on guide post, vertical position is between upper magnet and the next magnet, and tidal level regulates the oil of oil cylinder Cylinder rod concatenates with the rodless cavity of hydraulic cylinder, and the rod chamber of tidal level regulation oil cylinder and rodless cavity are coupled with the lower valve position of total magnetic valve With upper valve position.
  4. Combined oscillating floater wave energy generating set the most as claimed in claim 1 and TT&C system thereof, it is characterised in that: Mei Gefu Sub-generating set includes a snorkeling platform, and same snorkeling platform is provided with multiple float, and each oscillating floater is all connected with a set of Independent tidal level adaptive system.
  5. Combined oscillating floater wave energy generating set the most as claimed in claim 1 and TT&C system thereof, it is characterised in that: described negative Carrying branch road and include least one set star resistance, often three branch roads of group star resistance are respectively through the three-phase of branch switch sending and receiving motor Output, the corresponding contactless contactor of one group of star resistance, for controlling the logical of three branch switch in this group star resistance Disconnected.
  6. Combined oscillating floater wave energy generating set the most as claimed in claim 1 and TT&C system thereof, it is characterised in that: described also Net branch road include at least one converge sea cable and one disembarkation sea cable, described in converge sea cable by it described float generating set connect To the float generating set at cable place, disembarkation sea, disembarkation sea cable is connected to utility grid.
  7. 7. use the combined oscillating floater wave energy generating set described in claim 1 and TT&C system thereof to carry out wave-energy power generation dress Put the investigating method of observing and controlling, it is characterised in that: master controller sets unrestrained high upper limit threshold HH, unrestrained high lower threshold HL、 Energy-storage pressure upper limit threshold PH, energy-storage pressure lower limit PL, calculate in time interval t, unrestrained high mean valueIf Improve PH, open the magnetic valve on Article 1 accumulator branch road, when Article 1 energy storage pressure P drops to PLTime, open Magnetic valve on Article 2 accumulator branch road；The magnetic valve on each bar accumulator branch road is sequentially opened according to above method；If time Between by t,Reduce PH, open the magnetic valve on each bar accumulator branch road, when energy storage pressure P declines simultaneously To PLTime, simultaneously close off the magnetic valve on each bar accumulator branch road.
  8. 8. the investigating method to wave energy generating set observing and controlling as claimed in claim 8, it is characterised in that: first order data acquisition system The collecting method of system, second level data collecting system and third level data collecting system is: set sample frequency, parameter Initialize；As current time >=00:00:00, gather data, open the data storage file in units of the date；Right The data received process, and are stored in data storage file, as current time >=23:59:59, stop gathering Process, closes data storage file.
  9. Combined oscillating floater wave energy generating set the most as claimed in claim 5 and TT&C system thereof carry out wave energy generating set The investigating method of observing and controlling, it is characterised in that: including tidal level self-adaptation control method, step is: at the incoming tide, and detection magnetic passes The high level signal whether sensor sends, controls total magnetic valve and connects lower valve position；During ebb tide, whether detection magnetic sensor is sent out The high level signal gone out, controls total magnetic valve and connects upper valve position.
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