CN107165771B - Comprehensive experiment platform and experiment method for wave power generation hydraulic PTO system - Google Patents
Comprehensive experiment platform and experiment method for wave power generation hydraulic PTO system Download PDFInfo
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- CN107165771B CN107165771B CN201710511207.9A CN201710511207A CN107165771B CN 107165771 B CN107165771 B CN 107165771B CN 201710511207 A CN201710511207 A CN 201710511207A CN 107165771 B CN107165771 B CN 107165771B
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- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
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- F03B13/12—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
- F03B13/14—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy
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- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
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Abstract
The invention relates to a comprehensive experiment platform of a wave power generation hydraulic PTO system and an experiment method thereof. The comprehensive experiment platform can simulate the complex double-stroke movement of the transmission mechanism single-action single-rod hydraulic cylinder piston under different sea conditions, can simulate different operation conditions of a PTO system, and can perform system energy experiments and key component characteristic experiments.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of wave power generation, and particularly relates to a comprehensive experiment platform of a wave power generation hydraulic PTO system and an experiment method thereof.
Background
In the field of wave power generation, an energy conversion system of a wave power generation device consists of an energy capturing system and a PTO system, wherein the energy capturing system captures wave energy and converts the wave energy into mechanical energy, and the PTO system converts the mechanical energy into stable electric energy to be output. The conventional PTO system mostly adopts a hydraulic type, and a wave power generation hydraulic PTO system generally comprises a hydraulic cylinder, a hydraulic motor, a generator, a hydraulic oil circuit and various hydraulic components for energy storage, reversing, speed regulation and pressure relief, wherein the hydraulic motor is connected with a main shaft of the generator, an energy capturing system converts wave energy into mechanical energy and pushes a piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder to reciprocate, the reciprocating motion of the piston rod drives hydraulic oil to move in the hydraulic oil circuit so as to push the hydraulic motor to rotate, and the hydraulic motor drives the generator to rotate through the main shaft so as to generate electric energy.
Related technologies and physical experiments of the wave power generation hydraulic PTO system directly influence whether the wave power generation technology can be applied in a large scale, and in order to meet the requirements of engineering practice of the wave power generation hydraulic PTO system, physical experiments must be carried out on the wave power generation hydraulic PTO system so as to test the feasibility and reliability of the wave power generation technology and equipment. At present, although physical experiments of a wave power generation hydraulic PTO system are implemented in laboratories of various research units, a comprehensive experiment platform is lacked, working condition simulation, system energy experiments and key component characteristic experiments cannot be performed uniformly, and the experiment efficiency is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a comprehensive experiment platform and an experiment method for a wave power generation hydraulic PTO system, wherein the comprehensive experiment platform can simulate the complex double-stroke movement of a transmission mechanism single-action single-rod hydraulic cylinder piston under different sea conditions, can simulate different operation working conditions of the PTO system, and can perform a system energy experiment and a key component characteristic experiment.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a comprehensive experiment platform for a wave power generation hydraulic PTO system comprises the wave power generation hydraulic PTO system, a wave reciprocating motion simulation system, a monitoring system, a data collection system and a switching element;
the wave power generation hydraulic PTO system comprises a dynamometer, an oil supplementing tank, a main oil way, a branch oil way, a double-acting double-rod hydraulic cylinder and two single-acting single-rod hydraulic cylinders, piston rods of the two single-acting single-rod hydraulic cylinders are respectively connected with two piston rods of the double-acting double-rod hydraulic cylinder into a whole, a rodless cavity is respectively connected with the inlet and outlet ends of the main oil way through two branch oil ways, check valves for preventing backflow are arranged on the branch oil ways, a variable displacement hydraulic motor, an energy accumulator and a proportional speed regulating valve are arranged on the main oil way, a main shaft of the variable displacement hydraulic motor is connected with the dynamometer, the inlet end of the main oil way is connected with an overflow valve, and the oil;
the wave reciprocating motion simulation system comprises an oil tank, an oil filter, a fixed displacement pump, a three-position four-way electro-hydraulic servo valve, an overflow valve, a control circuit and a motor for driving the fixed displacement pump, wherein the oil tank, the oil filter and the fixed displacement pump are sequentially connected through an oil suction pipe;
the data collecting system comprises pull pressure sensors arranged on piston rods of the two single-action single-rod hydraulic cylinders, a displacement sensor used for detecting the displacement of the piston rods, pressure sensors arranged at the inlet end of a main oil path and the inlet and outlet ends of a variable displacement hydraulic motor, a rotating speed sensor and a torque sensor of a dynamometer, and flow sensors arranged at the inlet end of an overflow valve of the wave power generation hydraulic PTO system, the inlet end of the variable displacement hydraulic motor and the oil port of an energy accumulator;
the switching element comprises a three-way valve which is arranged at the inlet end of the flow sensor and is used for controlling whether the flow sensor is connected with the oil circuit or not and stop valves which are arranged between the inlet end of the energy accumulator, the oil supplementing tank and the outlet end of the main oil circuit;
the monitoring system is respectively connected with each sensor and the control circuit of the data collection system, the variable displacement hydraulic motor and the dynamometer, and can display the numerical value of each sensor in real time, calculate the power efficiency and store the experimental result and respectively output a reference displacement signal, a displacement signal and a mechanical torque signal to the control circuit, the variable displacement hydraulic motor and the dynamometer so as to realize the control of the reciprocating motion rule of the piston of the single-action horizontal bar hydraulic cylinder, the displacement V of the variable displacement hydraulic motor and the mechanical torque T of the main shaft.
Furthermore, pressure gauges are arranged at the outlet end of the constant delivery pump, the inlet end and the outlet end of the variable displacement hydraulic motor, the inlet end of the main oil way and the rodless cavities of the two single-action single-rod hydraulic cylinders.
Furthermore, the flow sensors at the oil port of the energy accumulator are two parallel-connected paths, and the two paths are provided with mutually-reversed check valves.
Further, the three-way valve is a three-way ball valve.
An experiment method based on the wave power generation hydraulic PTO system comprehensive experiment platform comprises a system energy experiment and a working characteristic experiment, wherein the working characteristic experiment comprises an accumulator and oil supplement tank working characteristic experiment, a proportional speed regulating valve and overflow valve working characteristic experiment, a variable displacement hydraulic motor energy characteristic experiment and a hydraulic cylinder energy characteristic experiment.
Further, when the system energy experiment is carried out, the method comprises the following steps:
s1, rotating the three-way valve, connecting only the flow sensor at the inlet end of the variable displacement hydraulic motor to the oil path, opening the stop valve, connecting the energy accumulator and the oil supplement tank to the oil path, and fully opening the proportional speed control valve;
s2, changing a reference displacement signal output by the monitoring system and changing the reciprocating motion rule of the single-action single-rod hydraulic cylinder piston to obtain the working flow Q of a certain system;
s3, changing a displacement signal output by the monitoring system and changing the displacement V of the variable displacement hydraulic motor to obtain a certain rotating speed n;
s4, changing a mechanical torque signal output by the monitoring system and changing a mechanical torque T of the main shaft to obtain a working pressure p of a certain system;
s5, calculating the input mechanical power P of the system under the working condition pointiAnd output mechanical power PoCalculating the system operation efficiency η, wherein the system operation efficiency η is the output mechanical power PoInput mechanical power Pi；
S6, repeating S1-S5, and measuring and calculating the displacement V of the variable displacement hydraulic motor, the mechanical torque T of the main shaft, the system working flow Q, the system working pressure P, the rotating speed n and the input mechanical power P corresponding to each working condition pointiAnd output mechanical power PoAnd operating efficiency η are tabulated.
Further, when carrying out the energy storage ware and the oil tank work characteristic experiment, including the step:
s1, rotating the three-way valve, connecting only the flow sensors at the inlet end of the variable displacement hydraulic motor and the oil port of the energy accumulator to the oil path, opening the stop valve, and connecting the energy accumulator and the oil supplementing tank to the oil path to fully open the proportional speed regulating valve;
s2, changing the reciprocating motion law of the single-action single-rod hydraulic cylinder piston, the displacement V of the variable displacement hydraulic motor and the mechanical torque T of the main shaft, enabling the wave power generation hydraulic PTO system to operate under a certain working condition, monitoring the working flow Q of the system, the working pressure p of the system, the rotating speed n and the oil pressure p of an oil port of an energy accumulator0Oil inlet and outlet quantity q of energy accumulator and oil pressure p at outlet end of variable displacement hydraulic motor1A change over time;
s3, only closing a stop valve at the inlet end of the energy accumulator, cutting the energy accumulator from an oil way, and monitoring the change of the working flow Q, the working pressure p and the rotating speed n of the system along with time;
s4, only closing a stop valve between an oil supplementing tank and the outlet end of the main oil way, cutting the oil supplementing tank from the oil way, and monitoring the working flow Q of the system, the working pressure p of the system, the rotating speed n and the oil pressure p of the outlet end of the variable displacement hydraulic motor1A change over time;
s5, comparing the system working flow Q, the system working pressure p and the change of the rotating speed n with time under the working condition to research the influence of the energy accumulator and the oil supplement tank on the system stability; according to oil pressure p of oil port of energy accumulator0The pressure characteristic of the energy accumulator during working is researched along with the change of time; according to the change of the oil inlet and outlet quantity q of the energy accumulator along with time, the flow characteristic of the energy accumulator during working is researched; comparing the oil pressure p at the outlet end of the variable displacement hydraulic motor with the oil tank or not1And (4) researching the pressure characteristic of the oil supplement tank during working along with the change of the time.
Further, when carrying out the operating characteristic experiment of proportional speed control valve and overflow valve, including the step:
s1, rotating the three-way valve, connecting flow sensors only at the inlet ends of an overflow valve and a variable displacement hydraulic motor of the wave power generation hydraulic PTO system into an oil way, opening a stop valve, and connecting an energy accumulator and an oil supplement tank into the oil way to fully open the proportional speed regulating valve;
s2 changing reciprocating motion of single-acting single-rod hydraulic cylinder pistonThe method comprises the steps of regularly, changing the displacement V of a displacement hydraulic motor and the mechanical torque T of a main shaft, enabling a wave power generation hydraulic PTO system to operate under a certain working condition, suddenly reducing the opening degree of a proportional speed regulating valve at a certain moment, monitoring the working flow Q of the system, the working pressure p of the system, the rotating speed n and the overflow Q of the wave power generation hydraulic PTO system0And accumulator port oil pressure p0A change over time;
s3, researching the influence of the closing process of the proportional speed regulating valve on the stability of the system according to the working flow Q of the system, the working pressure p of the system and the rotating speed n; according to oil pressure p of oil port of energy accumulator0The system working pressure p and the system working flow Q, and the pressure flow characteristic of the proportional speed regulating valve during working is researched; according to oil pressure p of oil port of energy accumulator0Overflow q of wave power generation hydraulic PTO system0The pressure flow characteristic of the relief valve of the wave power generation hydraulic PTO system during working is studied.
Further, when carrying out the variable displacement hydraulic motor energy characteristic experiment, including the step:
s1, rotating the three-way valve, only connecting the flow sensor at the inlet end of the variable displacement hydraulic motor into the oil way, opening the stop valve, and putting the energy accumulator and the oil supplement tank into the oil way to fully open the proportional speed control valve;
s2, changing the reciprocating motion law of the single-action single-rod hydraulic cylinder piston, the displacement V of the variable displacement hydraulic motor and the mechanical torque T of the main shaft, enabling the wave power generation hydraulic PTO system to operate under a certain working condition, measuring the system working flow Q, the system working pressure P and the rotating speed n of the working condition point, and calculating the hydraulic power P inside the systemhAnd output mechanical power PoCalculating hydraulic motor efficiency ηmHydraulic motor efficiency ηmOutput mechanical power PoHydraulic power P inside systemh；
S3, repeating S2, and measuring and calculating the displacement V of the variable displacement hydraulic motor corresponding to each working point, the mechanical torque T of the main shaft, the system working flow Q, the system working pressure P, the rotating speed n and the hydraulic power P in the systemhAnd output mechanical power PoAnd hydraulic motor efficiency ηmMaking a table.
Further, when carrying out the experiment of hydraulic cylinder energy characteristic, include the step:
s1, rotating the three-way valve, connecting only the flow sensor at the inlet end of the variable displacement hydraulic motor to the oil path, opening the stop valve, and connecting the energy accumulator and the oil supplement tank to the oil path to fully open the speed regulating valve;
s2, changing the reciprocating motion law of the single-action single-rod hydraulic cylinder piston, the displacement V of the variable displacement hydraulic motor and the torque T of the dynamometer, enabling the wave power generation hydraulic PTO system to operate under a certain working condition, measuring the system working flow Q, the system working pressure P and the rotating speed n of the working condition point, and calculating the hydraulic power P inside the systemhAnd input mechanical power PiCalculate Cylinder efficiency ηcHydraulic cylinder efficiency ηcHydraulic power P in the systemhInput mechanical power Pi；
S3, repeating S2, and measuring and calculating the displacement V of the variable displacement hydraulic motor corresponding to each working point, the mechanical torque T of the main shaft, the system working flow Q, the system working pressure P, the rotating speed n and the hydraulic power P in the systemhInput mechanical power PiAnd hydraulic cylinder efficiency ηcMaking a table.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the comprehensive experiment platform can simulate the complex double-stroke motion of the single-acting single-rod hydraulic cylinder piston of the transmission mechanism under different sea conditions by outputting different reference displacement signals (such as sine waves, triangular waves, complex clutter containing various harmonic components with different frequencies and the like) through the monitoring system; the comprehensive experiment platform can change the system working flow Q, the system working pressure p and the rotating speed n by changing the reciprocating motion rule of the single-action single-rod hydraulic cylinder piston, the displacement V of the variable displacement hydraulic motor and the mechanical torque T of the main shaft, thereby simulating different operating conditions of the PTO system; the comprehensive experiment platform is provided with various sensors, and can perform key component characteristic experiments besides system energy experiments.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a hydraulic schematic diagram of a wave power generating hydraulic PTO system (with the dynamometer replaced by a generator) in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a working principle diagram of a hydraulic wave reciprocating motion simulator in the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 is a hydraulic schematic diagram of a wave power generation hydraulic PTO system comprehensive experimental platform in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a data flow diagram of the monitoring system in the embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure: 1-an oil tank; 2-an oil filter; 3-a fixed displacement pump; 4-an electric motor; 5-a one-way valve; 6-pressure gauge; 7-an overflow valve; 8-an accumulator; 9-three-position four-way electro-hydraulic servo valve; 10-single-acting single-rod hydraulic cylinder; 11-a pull pressure sensor; 12-double acting double rod hydraulic cylinder; 13-a displacement sensor; 14-a pressure sensor; 15-three-way valve; 16-proportional speed regulating valve; 17-a flow sensor; 18-variable displacement hydraulic motor; 19-a dynamometer; 20-a stop valve; 21-oil supplement tank; 22-a generator; 23-main oil way; 24-pressing oil pipe; 25-an oil return pipe; 26-an oil suction pipe; 27-control circuit.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the figures and examples.
As shown in fig. 3, the comprehensive experimental platform for the wave power generation hydraulic PTO system comprises the wave power generation hydraulic PTO system, a wave reciprocating motion simulation system, a monitoring system, a data collection system and a switching element.
As shown in fig. 1 and 3, the wave power generation hydraulic PTO system includes a dynamometer 19 (in fig. 1, the dynamometer 19 is replaced with a generator 22 for easy understanding of the actual operation of the system), an oil replenishment tank 21, a main oil passage 23, a branch oil passage, the hydraulic system comprises a double-acting double-rod hydraulic cylinder 12 and two single-acting single-rod hydraulic cylinders 10, piston rods of the two single-acting single-rod hydraulic cylinders 10 are respectively connected with two piston rods of the double-acting double-rod hydraulic cylinder 12 into a whole, a rodless cavity is respectively connected with the inlet and outlet ends of a main oil way 23 through two branch oil ways, the branch oil ways are respectively provided with a one-way valve 5 for preventing backflow, the main oil way 23 is provided with a variable displacement hydraulic motor 18, an energy accumulator 8 and a proportional speed regulating valve 16, a main shaft of the variable displacement hydraulic motor 18 is connected with a dynamometer 19, the inlet end of the main oil way 23 is connected with an overflow valve 7, and an oil supplementing tank 21.
The wave power generation hydraulic PTO system can realize the double-stroke work of the hydraulic cylinder. The two single-acting single-rod hydraulic cylinders 10 of the wave power generation hydraulic PTO system convert reciprocating mechanical energy into hydraulic energy, and the double-stroke movement of the pistons enables hydraulic oil to flow back and forth between rodless cavities of the two single-acting single-rod hydraulic cylinders 10; the four check valves 5 in the branch oil passages convert the back-and-forth flow of the hydraulic oil into the one-way flow in the main oil passage 23; the variable displacement hydraulic motor 18 in the main oil circuit 23 converts the double-stroke hydraulic energy into rotary mechanical energy, and the generator 22 converts the rotary mechanical energy into stable electric energy for output; the energy accumulator 8 is used for accumulating energy, stabilizing voltage and stabilizing current; the oil supplementing tank 21 is used for maintaining the relative oil pressure of the oil outlet of the variable displacement hydraulic motor 18 to be zero, supplying oil to the hydraulic cylinder and assisting in stabilizing the pressure and the flow; the overflow valve 7 and the proportional speed regulating valve 16 have the functions that when the input power or the flow is larger than a limit value, the opening degree of the proportional speed regulating valve 16 is reduced, the throttling and the speed regulating are realized, the overflow valve 7 discharges the redundant flow, and the system is protected. The wave power generation hydraulic PTO system can realize high-efficiency extraction of energy under the condition of changing sea. When the wave power generation hydraulic PTO system works, the change of sea conditions leads to the change of the motion rule of the single-action single-rod hydraulic cylinder 10, and the wave power generation hydraulic PTO system changes the operation conditions (the system working flow Q, the rotating speed n and the system working pressure p) by changing the discharge capacity V of the variable-displacement hydraulic motor 18 and the mechanical torque T of the main shaft, so that the wave power generation hydraulic PTO system works in a high-efficiency area to realize the high-efficiency extraction of energy under the changed sea conditions. (the relationship between the speed n and the displacement V of the variable displacement hydraulic motor 18, irrespective of the volumetric efficiency of the hydraulic motor, can be expressed as n-Q/V; and the relationship between the system operating pressure p and the spindle mechanical torque T, irrespective of the hydraulic motor hydromechanical efficiency, can be expressed as p-2 pi T/V.)
In a wave power generation hydraulic PTO system, the dynamometer 19 is used instead of the generator 22, which facilitates changing and measuring the main shaft mechanical torque T and measuring the rotation speed n during the experiment.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the wave reciprocating motion simulation system comprises an oil tank 1, an oil filter 2, a fixed displacement pump 3, a three-position four-way electro-hydraulic servo valve 9, a control circuit 27 and a motor 4 for driving the fixed displacement pump 3 which are sequentially connected through an oil suction pipe 26, wherein a control port of the three-position four-way electro-hydraulic servo valve 9 is connected with the control circuit 27, a port P is connected with the fixed displacement pump 3 through an oil pressing pipe 14, a port T is communicated with the oil tank 1 through an oil return pipe 25, the port a and the port B are respectively communicated with two cavities of a double-acting double-rod hydraulic cylinder 12, and the oil pressing pipe 14 is connected with the oil return pipe 25 through an overflow valve.
The wave reciprocating motion simulation system can simulate the complex double-stroke motion of the pistons of the two single-action single-rod hydraulic cylinders 10 driven under the action of waves. Return oil in the oil tank 1 is converted into pressure oil through an oil filter 2 and a fixed displacement pump 3; the overflow valve 7 stabilizes the pressure oil pressure to make the hydraulic source work in a constant pressure working condition; the control circuit 27 receives the actual displacement signal of the hydraulic cylinder piston from the displacement sensor 13 and the reference displacement signal from the monitoring system, converts the deviation amount of the two signals into a current control signal after the two signals are processed by a PI module and amplified by an amplifier, and sends the current control signal to the three-position four-way electro-hydraulic servo valve 9 to control the valve core movement of the three-position four-way electro-hydraulic servo valve 9, thereby controlling the oil inlet amount of the two cavities of the double-acting double-rod hydraulic cylinder 12 to make the piston perform complex double-stroke movement, and further realizing the complex double-stroke movement of the pistons of the two single-acting single-rod hydraulic cylinders 10.
As shown in fig. 3, the data collection system includes a pull pressure sensor 11 disposed on the piston rod of the two single-acting single-rod hydraulic cylinders 10, a displacement sensor 13 for detecting the displacement of the piston rod, a pressure sensor 14 disposed at the upper inlet end of the main oil path 23 and at the inlet and outlet ends of the variable displacement hydraulic motor 18, a rotation speed sensor and a torque sensor of the dynamometer 19, and a flow sensor 17 disposed at the inlet end of the relief valve 7, the inlet end of the variable displacement hydraulic motor 18, and the oil port of the accumulator 8 of the wave power generation hydraulic PTO system.
In the data collection system, a rotating speed sensor is used for measuring rotating speed n, a torque sensor is used for measuring mechanical torque T of a main shaft, and the rotating speed sensor and the torque sensor are combined to calculate output mechanical power P of the system under various operating conditionso(known as P)o2 pi nT). The displacement sensor 13 is used for measuring the actual displacement signal x of the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder as the feedback signal of the wave reciprocating motion simulation system, and the pull pressure sensor 11 is used for measuring the pull pressure F applied to the piston rods of the two single-action single-rod hydraulic cylinders 101And F2The two are combined to calculate the input mechanical power P under each operation condition of the systemi(known as P)i＝(F1-F2) x/t, wherein t isTime). The pressure sensor 14 at the inlet end of the variable displacement hydraulic motor 18 is used for measuring the system working pressure P, the flow sensor 17 at the inlet end of the variable displacement hydraulic motor 18 is used for measuring the system working flow Q, and the two are combined to calculate the internal hydraulic power P under each operating condition of the systemh(known as P)hpQ). The flow sensor 17 of the oil port of the overflow valve 7 of the wave power generation hydraulic PTO system is used for measuring the overflow q of the wave power generation hydraulic PTO system0And a flow sensor 17 at the oil port of the accumulator 8 is used for measuring the oil inlet and outlet quantity q of the accumulator 8. The pressure sensor 14 at the upper inlet end of the main oil path 23 is used for measuring the oil pressure p at the oil port of the accumulator 80(i.e., the oil pressure at the inlet end of the main oil passage 23), the pressure sensor 14 at the outlet end of the variable displacement hydraulic motor 18 is used to measure the oil pressure p at the outlet end of the variable displacement hydraulic motor 181。
As shown in fig. 3, the switching element includes a three-way valve 15 provided at the inlet end of the flow sensor 17 for controlling whether the flow sensor 17 is connected to the oil passage, and a shutoff valve 20 provided between the inlet end of the accumulator 8 and the outlet ends of the replenishment tank 21 and the main oil passage 23. The stop valve 20 is used for performing a comparison test of the presence or absence of the accumulator 8 and the oil supplement tank 21, and the three-way valve 15 is used for cutting off the flow sensor 17 from the oil path so as to reduce the test error when performing a system energy test.
As shown in fig. 4, the monitoring system is connected to each sensor and control circuit 27 of the data collection system, the variable displacement hydraulic motor 18 and the dynamometer 19 respectively, and the monitoring system can display the value of each sensor, calculate power efficiency and store experimental results in real time and output reference displacement signals, displacement signals and mechanical torque signals to the control circuit 27, the variable displacement hydraulic motor 18 and the dynamometer 19 respectively, so as to realize control of the reciprocating motion law of the single-acting horizontal-bar hydraulic cylinder piston, the displacement V of the variable displacement hydraulic motor 18 and the mechanical torque T of the spindle.
As shown in fig. 3, in this embodiment, pressure gauges 6 are respectively disposed at the outlet end of the fixed displacement pump 3, the inlet and outlet ends of the variable displacement hydraulic motor 18, the inlet end of the main oil path 23, and the rodless cavities of the two single-acting single-rod hydraulic cylinders 10, and are used for displaying the pressure at the key position of the system in real time and calibrating the pressure sensor 14. The flow sensors 17 at the oil port of the energy accumulator 8 are two parallel paths, and the two paths are provided with the mutually-reversed check valves 5, so that the oil inlet and the oil outlet of the energy accumulator 8 are not in the same oil path by adopting the two paths of flow sensors 17 and arranging the mutually-reversed check valves 5, and the measurement error is reduced. The three-way valve 15 is a three-way ball valve.
The comprehensive experiment platform can simulate the complex double-stroke movement of the single-acting single-rod hydraulic cylinder 10 piston of the transmission mechanism under different sea conditions by outputting different reference displacement signals (such as sine waves, triangular waves, complex clutter containing various harmonic components with different frequencies and the like) through the monitoring system; the comprehensive experiment platform can change the system working flow Q, the system working pressure p and the rotating speed n by changing the reciprocating motion rule of the piston of the single-action single-rod hydraulic cylinder 10, the displacement V of the variable displacement hydraulic motor 18 and the mechanical torque T of the main shaft, thereby simulating different operating conditions of the PTO system; the comprehensive experiment platform is provided with various sensors, and can perform key component characteristic experiments besides system energy experiments.
The experimental method based on the wave power generation hydraulic PTO system comprehensive experimental platform comprises a system energy experiment and a working characteristic experiment, wherein the working characteristic experiment comprises a working characteristic experiment of the energy accumulator 8 and the oil supplementing tank 21, a working characteristic experiment of the proportional speed regulating valve 16 and the overflow valve 7, an energy characteristic experiment of the variable displacement hydraulic motor 18 and an energy characteristic experiment of a hydraulic cylinder.
When the system energy experiment is carried out, the method comprises the following steps:
s1, rotating the three-way valve 15, connecting only the flow sensor at the inlet end of the variable displacement hydraulic motor into the oil path, opening the stop valve 20, and connecting the energy accumulator 8 and the oil supplement tank 21 into the oil path to fully open the proportional speed control valve 16;
s2, changing a reference displacement signal output by the monitoring system and changing the reciprocating motion rule of the piston of the single-action single-rod hydraulic cylinder 10 to obtain the working flow Q of a certain system;
s3, changing the displacement signal output by the monitoring system and the displacement V of the variable displacement hydraulic motor 18 to obtain a certain rotating speed n;
s4, changing a mechanical torque signal output by the monitoring system and changing a mechanical torque T of the main shaft to obtain a working pressure p of a certain system;
s5, calculating the input mechanical power P of the system under the working condition pointiAnd output mechanical power PoCalculating the system operation efficiency η, wherein the system operation efficiency η is the output mechanical power PoInput mechanical power Pi；
S6, repeating S1-S5, and measuring and calculating the displacement V of the variable displacement hydraulic motor 18 corresponding to each working point, the mechanical torque T of the main shaft, the system working flow Q, the system working pressure P, the rotating speed n and the input mechanical power PiAnd output mechanical power PoAnd operating efficiency η are tabulated.
When the working characteristic experiment of the energy accumulator 8 and the oil supplementing tank 21 is carried out, the method comprises the following steps:
s1, rotating the three-way valve 15, connecting the flow sensors 15 at the inlet end of the variable displacement hydraulic motor 18 and the oil port of the energy accumulator 8 into the oil path, opening the stop valve 20, connecting the energy accumulator 8 and the oil supplementing tank 21 into the oil path, and fully opening the proportional speed control valve 16;
s2, changing the reciprocating motion law of the piston of the single-action single-rod hydraulic cylinder 10, the displacement V of the variable displacement hydraulic motor 18 and the mechanical torque T of the main shaft, enabling the wave power generation hydraulic PTO system to operate under a certain working condition, monitoring the working flow Q of the system, the working pressure p of the system, the rotating speed n and the oil pressure p of an oil port of the energy accumulator 80The oil inlet and outlet quantity q of the accumulator 8 and the oil pressure p at the outlet end of the variable displacement hydraulic motor 181A change over time;
s3, only closing the stop valve 20 at the inlet end of the energy accumulator 8, cutting the energy accumulator 8 from the oil path, and monitoring the change of the system working flow Q, the system working pressure p and the rotating speed n along with the time;
s4, only closing the stop valve 20 between the oil supplementing tank 21 and the outlet end of the main oil path 23, cutting the oil supplementing tank 21 from the oil path, monitoring the system working flow Q, the system working pressure p, the rotating speed n and the oil pressure p of the outlet end of the variable displacement hydraulic motor 181A change over time;
s5, comparing the system working flow Q, the system working pressure p and the rotating speed n of the energy accumulator 8 and the oil supplement tank 21 under the working condition with time, and researching the influence of the energy accumulator 8 and the oil supplement tank 21 on the system stability; according to the oil pressure p of an oil port of the energy accumulator 80The pressure characteristic of the energy accumulator 8 during working is researched along with the change of time; according to the change of the oil inlet quantity q and the oil outlet quantity q of the energy accumulator 8 along with time, the flow characteristic of the energy accumulator 8 during working is researched; outlet end oil pressure p of variable displacement hydraulic motor 18 with or without oil supplementing tank 211The pressure characteristics of the oil replenishment tank 21 during operation were investigated as a function of time.
When the working characteristic experiment of the proportional speed control valve 16 and the overflow valve 7 is carried out, the method comprises the following steps:
s1, rotating the three-way valve 15, connecting the flow sensor 17 at the inlet end of the overflow valve 7 and the inlet end of the variable displacement hydraulic motor 18 of the wave power generation hydraulic PTO system into the oil path, opening the stop valve 20, connecting the energy accumulator 8 and the oil supplement tank 21 into the oil path, and fully opening the proportional speed control valve 16;
s2, changing the reciprocating motion law of the piston of the single-action single-rod hydraulic cylinder 10, the displacement V of the variable displacement hydraulic motor 18 and the mechanical torque T of the main shaft, enabling the wave power generation hydraulic PTO system to operate under a certain working condition, suddenly reducing the opening degree of the proportional speed regulating valve 16 at a certain moment, and monitoring the working flow Q of the system, the working pressure p of the system, the rotating speed n and the overflow Q of the wave power generation hydraulic PTO system0And accumulator 8 oil port oil pressure p0(i.e., the oil pressure at the inlet end of the main oil passage 23) with time;
s3, researching the influence of the closing process of the proportional speed regulating valve 16 on the stability of the system according to the system working flow Q, the system working pressure p and the rotating speed n; according to the oil pressure p of an oil port of the energy accumulator 80The system working pressure p and the system working flow Q, and researching the pressure flow characteristic of the proportional speed regulating valve 16 during working; according to the oil pressure p of an oil port of the energy accumulator 80Overflow q of wave power generation hydraulic PTO system0The pressure flow characteristic of the wave power generation hydraulic PTO system when the relief valve 7 is operated is studied.
When the energy characteristic experiment of the variable displacement hydraulic motor 18 is carried out, the method comprises the following steps:
s1, rotating the three-way valve 15, only connecting the flow sensor 17 at the inlet end of the variable displacement hydraulic motor 18 into an oil way, opening the stop valve 20, and putting the energy accumulator 8 and the oil supplement tank 21 into the oil way to fully open the proportional speed control valve 16;
s2 changing piston of single-acting single-rod hydraulic cylinder 10The reciprocating motion law, the variable displacement hydraulic motor 18 displacement V and the main shaft mechanical torque T enable the wave power generation hydraulic PTO system to operate under a certain working condition, the system working flow Q, the system working pressure P and the rotating speed n of the working condition point are measured, and the hydraulic power P in the system is calculatedhAnd output mechanical power PoCalculating hydraulic motor efficiency ηmHydraulic motor efficiency ηmOutput mechanical power PoHydraulic power P inside systemh；
S3, repeating S2, and measuring and calculating the displacement V of the variable displacement hydraulic motor 18 corresponding to each working point, the mechanical torque T of the main shaft, the system working flow Q, the system working pressure P, the rotating speed n and the hydraulic power P inside the systemhAnd output mechanical power PoAnd hydraulic motor efficiency ηmMaking a table.
When the hydraulic cylinder energy characteristic experiment is carried out, the method comprises the following steps:
s1, rotating the three-way valve 15, only connecting the flow sensor 17 at the inlet end of the variable displacement hydraulic motor 18 into the oil path, opening the stop valve 20, connecting the energy accumulator 8 and the oil supplement tank 21 into the oil path, and fully opening the speed regulating valve;
s2, changing the reciprocating motion law of the piston of the single-action single-rod hydraulic cylinder 10, the displacement V of the variable displacement hydraulic motor 18 and the torque T of the dynamometer, enabling the wave power generation hydraulic PTO system to operate under a certain working condition, measuring the system working flow Q, the system working pressure P and the rotating speed n of the working condition point, and calculating the hydraulic power P inside the systemhAnd input mechanical power PiCalculate Cylinder efficiency ηcHydraulic cylinder efficiency ηcHydraulic power P in the systemhInput mechanical power Pi；
S3, repeating S2, and measuring and calculating the displacement V of the variable displacement hydraulic motor 18 corresponding to each working point, the mechanical torque T of the main shaft, the system working flow Q, the system working pressure P, the rotating speed n and the hydraulic power P inside the systemhInput mechanical power PiAnd hydraulic cylinder efficiency ηcMaking a table.
It will be understood that modifications and variations can be made by persons skilled in the art in light of the above teachings and all such modifications and variations are intended to be included within the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A wave power generation hydraulic pressure PTO system comprehensive experiment platform which is characterized in that: the wave power generation hydraulic power take-off system comprises a wave power generation hydraulic power take-off (PTO) system, a wave reciprocating motion simulation system, a monitoring system, a data collection system and a switching element;
the wave power generation hydraulic PTO system comprises a dynamometer, an oil supplementing tank, a main oil way, a branch oil way, a double-acting double-rod hydraulic cylinder and two single-acting single-rod hydraulic cylinders, piston rods of the two single-acting single-rod hydraulic cylinders are respectively connected with two piston rods of the double-acting double-rod hydraulic cylinder into a whole, a rodless cavity is respectively connected with the inlet and outlet ends of the main oil way through two branch oil ways, check valves for preventing backflow are arranged on the branch oil ways, a variable displacement hydraulic motor, an energy accumulator and a proportional speed regulating valve are arranged on the main oil way, a main shaft of the variable displacement hydraulic motor is connected with the dynamometer, the inlet end of the main oil way is connected with an overflow valve, and the oil;
the wave reciprocating motion simulation system comprises an oil tank, an oil filter, a fixed displacement pump, a three-position four-way electro-hydraulic servo valve, a control circuit, an overflow valve and a motor for driving the fixed displacement pump, wherein the oil tank, the oil filter and the fixed displacement pump are sequentially connected through an oil suction pipe;
the data collecting system comprises pull pressure sensors arranged on piston rods of the two single-action single-rod hydraulic cylinders, a displacement sensor used for detecting the displacement of the piston rods, pressure sensors arranged at the inlet end of a main oil path and the inlet and outlet ends of a variable displacement hydraulic motor, a rotating speed sensor and a torque sensor of a dynamometer and flow sensors arranged at the inlet end of an overflow valve, the inlet end of the variable displacement hydraulic motor and the oil port of an energy accumulator of the wave power generation hydraulic PTO system;
the switching element comprises a three-way valve which is arranged at the inlet end of the flow sensor and is used for controlling whether the flow sensor is connected with the oil circuit or not and stop valves which are arranged between the inlet end of the energy accumulator, the oil supplementing tank and the outlet end of the main oil circuit;
the monitoring system is respectively connected with each sensor and the control circuit of the data collection system, the variable displacement hydraulic motor and the dynamometer, and can display the numerical value of each sensor in real time, calculate the power efficiency and store the experimental result and respectively output a reference displacement signal, a displacement signal and a mechanical torque signal to the control circuit, the variable displacement hydraulic motor and the dynamometer so as to realize the control of the reciprocating motion rule of the single-action single-rod hydraulic cylinder piston, the displacement V of the variable displacement hydraulic motor and the mechanical torque T of the main shaft.
2. The wave power generation hydraulic PTO system comprehensive experimental platform according to claim 1, characterized in that: pressure gauges are arranged at the outlet end of the constant delivery pump, the inlet end and the outlet end of the variable displacement hydraulic motor, the inlet end of the main oil path and the rodless cavities of the two single-action single-rod hydraulic cylinders.
3. The wave power generation hydraulic PTO system comprehensive experimental platform according to claim 1, characterized in that: the flow sensor at the oil port of the energy accumulator is two parallel-connected paths, and the two paths are provided with mutually reverse check valves.
4. The wave power generation hydraulic PTO system comprehensive experimental platform according to claim 1, characterized in that: the three-way valve is a three-way ball valve.
5. An experimental method based on the wave power generation hydraulic pressure PT0 system comprehensive experimental platform as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: the method comprises a system energy experiment and a working characteristic experiment, wherein the working characteristic experiment comprises an accumulator and oil supplement tank working characteristic experiment, a proportional speed regulating valve and overflow valve working characteristic experiment, a variable displacement hydraulic motor energy characteristic experiment and a hydraulic cylinder energy characteristic experiment.
6. The assay of claim 5, wherein: when the system energy experiment is carried out, the method comprises the following steps:
s1, rotating the three-way valve, connecting only the flow sensor at the inlet end of the variable displacement hydraulic motor to the oil path, opening the stop valve, and connecting the energy accumulator and the oil supplement tank to the oil path to fully open the proportional speed control valve;
s2, changing a reference displacement signal output by the monitoring system and changing the reciprocating motion rule of the single-action single-rod hydraulic cylinder piston to obtain the working flow g of a certain system;
s3, changing a displacement signal output by the monitoring system and changing the displacement V of the variable displacement hydraulic motor to obtain a certain rotating speed n;
s4, changing a mechanical torque signal output by the monitoring system and changing a mechanical torque hole of the main shaft to obtain a certain system working pressure p;
s5, calculating the input mechanical power P of the system under the working condition pointiAnd output mechanical power PoCalculating the system operation efficiency η, wherein the system operation efficiency η is the output mechanical power PoInput mechanical power Pi；
S6, repeating S1-S5, and measuring and calculating the displacement V of the variable displacement hydraulic motor and the mechanical torque T of the main shaft corresponding to each working point to obtain the system working flow g, the system working pressure P, the rotating speed n and the input mechanical power PiAnd output mechanical power PoAnd operating efficiency η are tabulated.
7. The assay of claim 5, wherein: when the working characteristic experiment of the energy accumulator and the oil supplementing tank is carried out, the method comprises the following steps:
s1, rotating the three-way valve, connecting only the flow sensors at the inlet end of the variable displacement hydraulic motor and the oil port of the energy accumulator to the oil path, opening the stop valve, and connecting the energy accumulator and the oil supplementing tank to the oil path to fully open the proportional speed regulating valve;
s2, changing the reciprocating motion law of the single-action single-rod hydraulic cylinder piston, the displacement V of the variable displacement hydraulic motor and the mechanical torque T of the main shaft, enabling the wave power generation hydraulic PTO system to operate under a certain working condition, monitoring the working flow g of the system, the working pressure p of the system, the rotating speed n and the oil pressure p of an oil port of an energy accumulator0Oil inlet and outlet quantity q of energy accumulatorAnd variable displacement hydraulic motor outlet end oil pressure p1A change over time;
s3, only closing a stop valve at the inlet end of the energy accumulator, cutting the energy accumulator from an oil way, and monitoring the change of the working flow g, the working pressure p and the rotating speed n of the system along with time;
s4, only closing a stop valve between an oil supply tank and the outlet end of the main oil way, cutting the oil supply tank from the oil way, and monitoring the working flow g of the system, the working pressure p of the system, the rotating speed n and the oil pressure p of the outlet end of the variable displacement hydraulic motor1A change over time;
s5, comparing the system working flow g, the system working pressure p and the change of the rotating speed n with time under the working condition to research the influence of the energy accumulator and the oil supplement tank on the system stability; according to oil pressure p of oil port of energy accumulator0The pressure characteristic of the energy accumulator during working is researched along with the change of time; according to the change of the oil inlet and outlet quantity q of the energy accumulator along with time, the flow characteristic of the energy accumulator during working is researched; comparing the oil pressure p at the outlet end of the variable displacement hydraulic motor with the oil tank or not1And (4) researching the pressure characteristic of the oil supplement tank during working along with the change of the time.
8. The assay of claim 5, wherein: when the experiment of the working characteristics of the proportional speed regulating valve and the overflow valve is carried out, the method comprises the following steps:
s1, rotating the three-way valve, connecting flow sensors only at the inlet ends of an overflow valve and a variable displacement hydraulic motor of the wave power generation hydraulic PTO system into an oil way, opening a stop valve, and connecting an energy accumulator and an oil supplement tank into the oil way to fully open the proportional speed regulating valve;
s2, changing the reciprocating motion law of the single-action single-rod hydraulic cylinder piston, the displacement V of the variable displacement hydraulic motor and the mechanical torque T of the main shaft, enabling the wave power generation hydraulic PTO system to operate under a certain working condition, and suddenly reducing the opening monitoring system working flow g, the system working pressure p, the rotating speed n and the overflow q of the wave power generation hydraulic PTO system at a certain moment0And accumulator port oil pressure p0A change over time;
s3, according to the system workflowMeasuring g, system working pressure p and rotating speed n, and researching the influence of the closing process of the proportional speed regulating valve on the stability of the system; according to oil pressure p of oil port of energy accumulator0The working pressure p and the working flow g of the system, and the pressure flow characteristic of the proportional speed regulating valve during working is researched; according to oil pressure p of oil port of energy accumulator0Overflow q of wave power generation hydraulic PTO system0The pressure flow characteristic of the relief valve of the wave power generation hydraulic PTO system during working is studied.
9. The assay of claim 5, wherein: when the variable displacement hydraulic motor energy characteristic experiment is carried out, the method comprises the following steps:
s1, rotating the three-way valve, only connecting the flow sensor at the inlet end of the variable displacement hydraulic motor into the oil way, opening the stop valve, and putting the energy accumulator and the oil supplement tank into the oil way to fully open the proportional speed control valve;
s2, changing the reciprocating motion law of the single-action single-rod hydraulic cylinder piston, the displacement V of the variable displacement hydraulic motor and the mechanical torque hole of the main shaft to enable the wave power generation hydraulic PTO system to operate under a certain working condition, measuring the system working flow g, the system working pressure P and the rotating speed n of the working condition point, and calculating the hydraulic power P inside the systemhAnd output mechanical power PoCalculating hydraulic motor efficiency ηmHydraulic motor efficiency ηmOutput mechanical power PoHydraulic power P inside systemh；
S3, repeating S2, and measuring and calculating the displacement V of the variable displacement hydraulic motor corresponding to each working point, the mechanical torque T of the main shaft, the system working flow g, the system working pressure P, the rotating speed n and the hydraulic power P in the systemhAnd output mechanical power PoAnd hydraulic motor efficiency ηmMaking a table.
10. The assay of claim 5, wherein: when the hydraulic cylinder energy characteristic experiment is carried out, the method comprises the following steps:
s1, rotating the three-way valve, connecting only the flow sensor at the inlet end of the variable displacement hydraulic motor to the oil path, opening the stop valve, and connecting the energy accumulator and the oil supplement tank to the oil path to fully open the speed regulating valve;
s2, changing the reciprocating motion law of the single-action single-rod hydraulic cylinder piston, the displacement V of the variable displacement hydraulic motor and the torque T of the dynamometer, enabling the wave power generation hydraulic PTO system to operate under a certain working condition, measuring the system working flow g, the system working pressure P and the rotating speed n of the working condition point, and calculating the hydraulic power P inside the systemhAnd input mechanical power PiCalculate Cylinder efficiency ηcHydraulic cylinder efficiency ηcHydraulic power P in the systemhInput mechanical power Pi；
S3, repeating S2, and measuring and calculating the displacement V of the variable displacement hydraulic motor corresponding to each working point, the mechanical torque T of the main shaft, the system working flow g, the system working pressure P, the rotating speed n and the hydraulic power P in the systemhInput mechanical power PiAnd hydraulic cylinder efficiency ηcMaking a table.
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