CN105861607A - 一种猴头菌转化肽和猴头菌多糖的液态发酵方法及其制备的饮料和用途 - Google Patents
一种猴头菌转化肽和猴头菌多糖的液态发酵方法及其制备的饮料和用途 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及以猴头菌生产具有健胃和抗疲劳作用的含有猴头菌多糖和猴头菌转化肽的发酵方法以及饮料的制备方法。原料包括大豆粕、大米蛋白和猴头菌等;通过在液体发酵过程中用猴头菌在生长过程中产生的蛋白酶水解大豆粕和大米蛋白,获得含有猴头菌转化肽和猴头菌多糖的发酵原液,最后配制成饮料。方法包括培养基制备、菌种活化、发酵培养、膜过滤及饮料配制等步骤。本发明效果好,工艺稳定,易操作,生产成本低,易于产业化和市场化。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及具体抗疲劳、健胃等功效的一种含有猴头菌转化肽和猴头菌多糖原液的发酵方法及其饮料的制备方法,属于微生物工程领域和保健品技术领域。
背景技术
食用真菌是指对人体有保健作用的一类真菌,其药用部位有子实体、菌丝体和发酵液。猴头菌(Hericium erinaceus)是传统中药食两用的真菌,具有利五脏,促消化,滋补,抗癌,治疗神经衰弱,提高人体免疫力,抗溃疡等。由于目前野生猴头菌数量稀少,人工栽培由于生长期长,受外界环境因素影响大,难以满足社会需求。而液体发酵技术简单、发酵条件易于控制、生长速度快,在发酵过程中菌丝和孢子大量繁殖,同时还会产生多糖、多肽、萜类化合物、胞外酶、核酸、氨基酸、维生素、植物激素等多种具有生理活性的物质,具有抗癌、抗疲劳、等功效。
运动性疲劳是运动本身引起的机体工作能力暂时降低,进过适当休息和调整可以恢复的生理现象,是一种极其复杂的身体变化综合反应过程。它是一种生理现象,也是一种人体自我保护机制。但是,如果人经常处于疲劳状态,前一次运动产生的疲劳还没来得急恢复,而新的疲劳产生,疲劳可能会积累,容易产生过度疲劳,影响到人体的身体健康和运动能力。
大豆肽、大米肽是一种生物活性肽,它是大豆蛋白或者大米蛋白经蛋白酶水解后形成的一种深加工产品,其特点具有易消化、易吸收、能迅速提供能量、溶解度高、风味好等特性,特别是具有降血压和抗氧化作用,能促进矿物质元素吸收,降血压,抗疲劳和调节免疫,促进脂质代谢等生理功能。体育锻炼中消耗热量的4%~10%是由蛋白质来提供的,由于体内不能合成必需氨基酸,当外界补充蛋白和氨基酸不足时,会造成肌肉蛋白的负平衡,使肌肉疲劳。肽不但具有人体所需的氨基酸,而且相对于蛋白而言,更容易吸收,迅速提供能量,快速恢复疲劳。
虽然已有很多关于大豆肽、大米肽生产和食用真菌产品及生产工艺的专利,但同时含有猴头菌复合多肽和猴头菌多糖的功能产品或饮料的专利未见报道。
发明内容
发明目的:提供一种同时产生猴头菌转化肽和猴头菌多糖的发酵方法以及饮料的制备方法,实现简易、稳定、高效地获得高质量的同时含有猴头菌转化肽和猴头菌多糖,具有抗疲劳和健胃等功效的饮料。
技术方案:
一种含猴头菌转化肽和猴头菌多糖的液态发酵方法,所选菌种为猴头菌Hericium erinaceus,以大豆粕和大米蛋白为混合氮源,采用分批补料的方式,通过液态发酵方式,猴头菌在生长过程中产生的蛋白酶水解大豆粕和大米蛋白,产生猴头菌转化肽,获得含有猴头菌转化肽和猴头菌多糖的发酵原液。
所述含猴头菌转化肽和猴头菌多糖的发酵方法,以猴头菌为菌种,以大豆粕和大米蛋白为混合氮源,以蔗糖或葡萄糖或可溶性淀粉为碳源,并添加马铃薯提取液,经液态发酵所得。
所述含猴头菌转化肽和猴头菌多糖的发酵方法,马铃薯提取液的提取方法为:马铃薯去皮,切成薄皮,按20%质量比于水中,煮沸30min后,纱布过滤,获得马铃薯提取液。
所述含猴头菌转化肽和猴头菌多糖的发酵方法,大豆粕和大米蛋白混合氮源采用分批补料方式添加,起始培养基配制时添加混合氮源总量的10-30%,70-90%的混合氮源分3-6次加入,发酵6-8天结束。
所述含猴头菌转化肽和猴头菌多糖的发酵方法,按重量份计:猴头菌转化肽含量为3%-5%,猴头菌多糖含量0.5-1.5%。
所述含猴头菌转化肽和猴头菌多糖的发酵方法,包括下述步骤:A.培养基的制备:包括PDA斜面培养基、液体种子培养基及发酵培养基;B.菌种的活化:将猴头菌菌种接种到PDA斜面培养基上活化,然后取一小块活化菌种接种到液体种子培养基中培养,获得猴头菌种子培养物;C.发酵培养:将上述获得的猴头菌种子培养物接种于经灭菌处理的发酵培养基上进行深层液体发酵,获得发酵培养物;D.分离过滤:将发酵好的发酵培养物进行固液分离,分别得到猴头菌的菌丝体和发酵原液;E.菌丝干燥:将过滤得到的猴头菌菌丝体经低温干燥,获得菌丝体副产品。
一种含猴头菌转化肽和猴头菌多糖饮料,含有所述含猴头菌转化肽和猴头菌多糖的发酵方法制备得到的发酵原液,发酵原液经过稀释、配制、灌装、消毒而成的饮料,糖含量5-15%,柠檬酸含量0.3-0.8%,猴头菌转化肽含量0.3%-1.0%,猴头菌多糖含量0.1-0.5%。
所述含猴头菌转化肽和猴头菌多糖饮料在制备具有抗疲劳、抗癌、抗衰老、健胃功效饮料中的应用。
猴头菌拉丁名为Hericium erinaceus,购自华中农业大学菌种实验中心,菌号为猴杰2号,蛋白酶为猴头菌生长过程中代谢自动产生。
有益效果:1、材料来源易得稳定;2、采用发酵方法制得,纯天然,不含任何添加剂;3、产品具有猴头菌转化肽和猴头菌多糖等生理活性物质,具有抗疲劳、抗癌、抗衰老、健胃、等功效;4、复合多肽不但具有人体所需的氨基酸,而且相对其它蛋白更容易吸收,能迅速提供能量,加速肌肉疲劳恢复;5、工艺稳定,易操作,生产成本低,易于产业化和市场化。
具体实施方式
本发明所述的猴头菌转化肽和猴头菌多糖的液态发酵方法及其制备的饮料和用途是经过大量筛选试验得到的最优方案,结合具体实施方式,对本发明进一步说明如下:
实施例一:
1.PDA斜面培养基制备与斜面菌种培养:200g去皮土豆,切片加1000mL水,煮沸15~30min,过滤定容到1000mL,加蔗糖20g,KH2PO4 1g,MgSO4·7H2O 1g,琼脂20g;pH 7.0;装入试管,每支5mL,121℃灭菌30min,制成斜面培养基;将猴头菌菌种接种到PDA斜面培养基上25~30℃条件下培养7~15天,获得斜面菌种;
2.液体种子培养基制备与液态三角瓶种子培养:200g去皮土豆,切片加1000mL水,煮沸20分钟,过滤定容到1000mL,加蔗糖10~30g,KH2PO4 1~3g,MgSO4·7H2O1~3g;pH6~8;115~125℃灭菌15~30min;将斜面菌种取1~3小块到液体种子培养基中,在25~30℃,150r/min条件下培养7~15天,获得种子培养物;
3.猴头菌转化肽和猴头菌多糖的发酵:采用100L发酵罐,装料系数50%,每L培养基含葡萄糖30g,酵母膏5g,1:1的大豆粕和大米蛋白混合氮源15g,121℃灭菌30min;接入液态三角瓶种子2.5L,温度26~28℃,pH 4~5,溶氧20%~50%,发酵2天后,按每L发酵液补入1:1的大豆粕和大米蛋白混合氮源25g(需用水调浆灭菌),继续发酵3天,再次按每L发酵液补入1:1的大豆粕和大米蛋白混合氮源20g(需用水调浆灭菌),继续发酵2天,发酵结束;
4.猴头菌转化肽和猴头菌多糖发酵原液的分离:采用离心或板框过滤的方式,进行固液分离,获得猴头菌复合多肽和猴头菌多糖发酵原液和猴头菌菌丝体。
实施例二:
1.PDA斜面培养基制备与斜面菌种培养,及液体种子培养基制备与液态三角瓶种子培养同实施例一;
2.猴头菌转化肽和猴头菌多糖的发酵:采用100L发酵罐,装料系数50%,每L培养基含葡萄糖50g,酵母膏8g,1:1的大豆粕和大米蛋白混合氮源20g,121℃灭菌30min;接入液态三角瓶种子3.0L,温度26~28℃,pH 4~5,溶氧20%~50%,发酵3天后,按每L发酵液补入1:1的大豆粕和大米蛋白混合氮源30g(需用水调浆灭菌),继续发酵3天,再次按每L发酵液补入1:1的大豆粕和大米蛋白混合氮源30g(需用水调浆灭菌),继续发酵3天,再次按每L发酵液补入1:1的大豆粕和大米蛋白混合氮源20g(需用水调浆灭菌),继续发酵1天,发酵结束。
3.猴头菌转化肽和猴头菌多糖发酵原液的分离同实施例一。
实施例三:
猴头菌转化肽和猴头菌多糖饮料的配制:猴头菌发酵原液20L,纯净水80L,蔗糖8kg,柠檬酸0.4kg,抗坏血酸10g,灌装,消毒,得猴头菌复合多肽和猴头菌多糖饮料产品,其中糖含量8%,柠檬酸含量0.4%,猴头菌转化肽含量0.4%,猴头菌多糖含0.2%。
实施例四:
猴头菌转化肽和猴头菌多糖饮料的配制:猴头菌发酵原液30L,纯净水70L,蔗糖12kg,柠檬酸0.6kg,抗坏血酸10g,灌装,消毒,得猴头菌转化肽和猴头菌多糖饮料产品,其中糖含量12%,柠檬酸含量0.6%,猴头菌转化肽含量0.7%,猴头菌多糖含量0.3%。
实施例五:
实施例三、实施例四获得的猴头菌转化肽和猴头菌多糖饮料产品具有抗溃疡和抗炎、抗肿瘤、保肝护肝、增加免疫力、抗衰老、抗疲劳、提高机体耐缺氧能力、降低血糖和血脂等公知的保健功效。下面以抗疲劳为例。
实验动物:昆明种小鼠,雄性,体重18-22g,上海斯莱克实验动物有限公司提供,生产许可证:SCXK(沪)2007-0005。
实验药物:按上述实施例三获得的猴头菌转化肽和猴头菌多糖饮料产品。
给药剂量:则按小鼠体重计,低剂量、中剂量和高剂量分别为4g生药量/kg、8g生药量/kg和16g生药量/kg。
阳性药精方堂牌养和胶囊,上海精方堂生物科技有限公司,国食健字G20050641,批号:20110321。规格:每粒装0.5g。病人使用一般每次2粒,每日2次,即人日用量2g,相当于每只20g小鼠用量为2*0.0026=0.0052g,按每公斤小鼠算,即阳性药组给予精方堂牌养和胶囊0.26g/kg。
实验过程:选健康小鼠50只,随机分出10只作为正常组,其余40只小鼠,随机分成4组:高剂量组、中剂量组、低剂量组、阳性药精方堂牌养和胶囊组,其中3个剂量组、精方堂牌养和胶囊组按上述剂量灌胃给药,正常组给0.2ml的水,每天上午1次,连续30d,进行小鼠负重游泳试验,小鼠尾部负小鼠体重5%的铅皮,放入水温为25℃,水深35cm的游泳箱中,用秒表记录自游泳至力竭死亡的时间,各组数据以均值±标准差表示,组间进行t测验。结果见表1
表1.本药物制剂对小鼠负重游泳试验的影响(n=10)
注:同正常组相比*p<0.05**<0.01
结论:本发明与正常组比较,明显延长小鼠负重游泳时间,说明本发明具有抗疲劳作用,与阳性药比较,时间延长,说明本发明抗疲劳效果优于阳性药。
Claims (8)
1.一种含猴头菌转化肽和猴头菌多糖的液态发酵方法,其特征在于,所选菌种为猴头菌Hericium erinaceus,以大豆粕和大米蛋白为混合氮源,采用分批补料的方式,通过液态发酵方式,猴头菌在生长过程中产生的蛋白酶水解大豆粕和大米蛋白,产生猴头菌转化肽,获得含有猴头菌转化肽和猴头菌多糖的发酵原液。
2.根据权利要求1所述含猴头菌转化肽和猴头菌多糖的发酵方法,其特征在于,以猴头菌为菌种,以大豆粕和大米蛋白为混合氮源,以蔗糖或葡萄糖或可溶性淀粉为碳源,并添加马铃薯提取液,经液态发酵所得。
3.根据权利要求2所述含猴头菌转化肽和猴头菌多糖的发酵方法,其特征在于,马铃薯提取液的提取方法为:马铃薯去皮,切成薄皮,按20%质量比于水中,煮沸30min后,纱布过滤,获得马铃薯提取液。
4.根据权利要求1所述含猴头菌转化肽和猴头菌多糖的发酵方法,其特征在于,大豆粕和大米蛋白混合氮源采用分批补料方式添加,起始培养基配制时添加混合氮源总量的10-30%,70-90%的混合氮源分3-6次加入,发酵6-8天结束。
5.根据权利要求1所述含猴头菌转化肽和猴头菌多糖的发酵方法,其特征在于,按重量份计:猴头菌转化肽含量为3%-5%,猴头菌多糖含量0.5-1.5%。
6.根据权利要求1所述含猴头菌转化肽和猴头菌多糖的发酵方法,其特征在于,包括下述步骤:A.培养基的制备:包括PDA斜面培养基、液体种子培养基及发酵培养基;B.菌种的活化:将猴头菌菌种接种到PDA斜面培养基上活化,然后取一小块活化菌种接种到液体种子培养基中培养,获得猴头菌种子培养物;C.发酵培养:将上述获得的猴头菌种子培养物接种于经灭菌处理的发酵培养基上进行深层液体发酵,获得发酵培养物;D.分离过滤:将发酵好的发酵培养物进行固液分离,分别得到猴头菌的菌丝体和发酵原液;E.菌丝干燥:将过滤得到的猴头菌菌丝体经低温干燥,获得菌丝体副产品。
7.一种含猴头菌转化肽和猴头菌多糖饮料,其特征在于,含有权利要求1所述含猴头菌转化肽和猴头菌多糖的发酵方法制备得到的发酵原液,发酵原液经过稀释、配制、灌装、消毒而成的饮料,糖含量5-15%,柠檬酸含量0.3-0.8%,猴头菌转化肽含量0.3%-1.0%,猴头菌多糖含量0.1-0.5%。
8.根据权利要求7所述含猴头菌转化肽和猴头菌多糖饮料在制备具有抗疲劳、抗癌、抗衰老、健胃功效饮料中的应用。
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