CN105856078A - Preparation method and use of self-sharpening sintered abrasive material - Google Patents
Preparation method and use of self-sharpening sintered abrasive material Download PDFInfo
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- CN105856078A CN105856078A CN201610243158.0A CN201610243158A CN105856078A CN 105856078 A CN105856078 A CN 105856078A CN 201610243158 A CN201610243158 A CN 201610243158A CN 105856078 A CN105856078 A CN 105856078A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D3/00—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
- B24D3/02—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent
- B24D3/04—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent and being essentially inorganic
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D18/00—Manufacture of grinding tools or other grinding devices, e.g. wheels, not otherwise provided for
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method and a use of a self-sharpening sintered abrasive material. The preparation method is characterized in that the excellent sintered abrasive material is prepared by processes such as metering needed raw materials in percentage by weight, mixing the raw materials, cementing the raw materials, crushing the raw materials, grading the raw materials, sintering the raw materials and post-processing the raw materials. The sintered abrasive material has proper self-sharpening property, so that large sintered particles does not drop entirely in a grinding process; a binding agent among small raw material particles inside the sintered abrasive material has fatigue rupture, loses efficiency and is further crushed, so that the original small abrasive particles constituting the sintered abrasive material drop one by one. The sintered abrasive material provided by the invention has good self-sharpening property, is beneficial for stabilizing the processing efficiency and increasing an abrasive material usage rate, can be used in processing processes such as grinding, grinding and polishing, honing and saw-cutting, also can be used for preparing finished product tools such as a grinding wheel, a grinding mat, a honing head and a saw blade. The method provided by the invention has the advantages of being simple in process, high in yield, low in cost and the like.
Description
Technical field
The processing method that the present invention relates to a kind of abrasive material, prepared by especially a kind of abrasive material, abrasive machining (grinding, grinds, throws
Light, honing, Cutting indexes), the preparation method of a kind of self-sharpening sintered abrasive grain and purposes.
Background technology
Owing to having the physical chemistry of a series of excellences such as high rigidity, high intensity, high-wearing feature and linear expansion coefficient are little
Characteristic, the abrasive material such as diamond, carborundum, cerium oxide obtains more being widely applied day in abrasive machining field.In process, mill
Tool is usually between abrasive material and bonding agent cast setting, under pulsating stress effect, causes that abrasive grain is broken, blunt, Yi Jiyi
The failure mode such as come off.Coming off too early of abrasive material, not only shortens the service life of grinding tool but also is unfavorable for the stability of processing；
Abrasive material after blunt cannot come off in time, causes the decline of working (machining) efficiency and the burn of workpiece, therefore improves the utilization rate of abrasive material
And stablize working (machining) efficiency and become the hot issue of research.
Start scholar both domestic and external the seventies from eighties of last century and done substantial amounts of research, main use abrasive surface modification skill
Art, prepare polycrystalline grits to improve the serviceability of abrasive material, and then reach to improve the purpose in its working (machining) efficiency and service life.?
During abrasive material is carried out surface modification, modifying agent and technique that people are used are the most different, from the most single gold
Genus element is to alloying element, and nonmetallic materials later, also experienced by and be chemically plated to the micro-steaming of vacuum on plating technic
Send out the various ways such as plating.Diversity due to material property to be processed so that the research of abrasive material modified technique is the most numerous and diverse.Use plating
Cover grinding tool prepared by diamond, although grinding tool working life is improved, but easily cause the abrasive material of passivation to come off in time,
Cause processing characteristics drastically cannot, after need to repairing, just can be continuing with.During polycrystalline abrasive grit uses, corner angle are passivated
Abrasive material easily come off, there is stronger self-sharpening.Existing polycrystalline diamond micro mist be utilize unique directional blasting method by
Graphite prepares, and complicated process of preparation, cost are high, and yield is limited.Therefore, a kind of preparation method is simple, low cost, grinding force are suitable
When, the processing technique field such as self-sharpening is good, can be widely applied to grinding, grind and polish, honing abrasive material preparation method urgently
Exploitation.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention in use there will be abrasive material for existing concretion abrasive instrument come off or easily grind
Blunt, it is impossible to the problem realizing self-regeneration, a kind of sintering method preparing simple and that self-sharpening is good concretion abrasive is proposed, it leads to
Cross supplementary material design, preferred, the broken classification technique of adhesive improves, sinter and postprocessing working procedures temperature controls series of processes,
Use high temperature sintering methods to obtain the sintered abrasive grain of high-quality, can be widely applied to various types of materials grinding, grind and polish, honing
With in the processing technique field such as sawing.
The technical scheme is that
The preparation method of a kind of self-sharpening sintered abrasive grain, it is characterised in that it comprises the steps:
(1) abrasive grain, high-temperature agglomerant and auxiliary additive are measured by mass percentage, mix and make mixture；
The percentage by weight of abrasive grain is 50-70%, and the weight ratio of high-temperature agglomerant is 22-38%, and the weight ratio of auxiliary additive is
0.5~30%；Raw material abrasive grain, high-temperature agglomerant and the auxiliary additive of sintered abrasive grain, measure also according to mass percent
Mix；In described raw material, abrasive grain can be monocrystalline or the diamond of heteromorphs, aluminum oxide, carborundum, cerium oxide
In abrasive material, particle diameter is distributed between 100 nanometer ~ 50 micron, the feed particles between especially 200 nanometer ~ 20 micron；Described height
Temperature bonding agent can be silica, sodium oxide molybdena, aluminum oxide, lead oxide, zinc oxide, calcium oxide, potassium oxide, lanthana, oxidation
One or more mixtures in boron etc., content is about the 5 ~ 50% of abrasive particle, by changing the consumption of high-temperature agglomerant and joining
Bond strength is tied than controlled glue；Described auxiliary additive is that copper powder, iron powder, nickel etc. have preferable deformability and bonding energy
The powder auxiliary material of power, is filled in abrasive particle space that beneficially molding bonded is gentle rushes shattering process, content preferably about mill
The 5-15% of material particle.
(2) in said mixture, add adhesive wetting to stir evenly, dry in the range of 50 DEG C ~ 150 DEG C；Adding of adhesive
Enter the 0.1-50% that amount is aforementioned mixture；Adding adhesive in raw material after mixing, wetting stirs evenly, low temperature drying.Institute
Stating adhesive can be polyvinyl acetate, Vinylidene Chloride, polyisobutene, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylate, a-alpha-cyanoacrylate
One or more mixtures in ester, Pioloform, polyvinyl acetal, epoxy resin etc., content is about the 0.1-35% of mixture, most preferably
10-20%；Adhesive content is about the 15-35% of abrasive particle；
(3) cake broke after drying；Available mortar rolls, grinds.The classification on request of powder after Po Sui, available regulation mesh
The sieved through sieve of number, obtains the bulky grain abrasive compact of appropriate particle size distribution, it is also possible to gravity classification method, centrifugal classification etc.
Little abrasive material particles blank to appropriate particle size distribution.
(4) by the classification on request of broken powder, the bonded particulate of different-grain diameter is obtained；
(5) bonded particulate of selected particle diameter is carried out high temperature sintering and obtain sintered abrasive grain, during high temperature sintering, realize glue
Automatically removing of glutinous agent；Blank after classification carries out high temperature removing glue, sintering in batches, makes raw material by the effect of high-temperature agglomerant
Suitable bond strength is obtained between abrasive grain；Sintering temperature is adjusted according to the component of high-temperature agglomerant, and temperature can be
Change in the range of 500 DEG C ~ 1000 DEG C, cool down with stove after sintering；Different bond strength can be obtained by controlling sintering temperature
Sintered abrasive grain.Abrasive grain after high temperature removing glue, sintering circuit meets actually used requirement, have certain cutting power with
Bond strength.
(6) classification again, obtains the sintered abrasive grain of the present invention.Abrasive material after sintering Accurate Classification again, obtains suitable grain
The high-quality sintered abrasive grain of degree distribution, is beneficial to surface quality and the working (machining) efficiency of rapidoprint.The particle size range of sintered abrasive grain is 1
Micron-150 microns, especially the particle diameter of sintered abrasive grain is at 2 microns ~ 100 microns.
The self-sharpening sintered abrasive grain of the present invention, it is characterised in that described sintered abrasive grain for grinding, grind and polish, the top gem of a girdle-pendant
Mill or Cutting indexes occasion, sintered abrasive grain is free between machined surface and instrument, and it is not whole inefficacy in process
Destroy, but bonding agent fatigue rupture, the inefficacy between sintered abrasive grain causes crushing then, original little of composition sintered abrasive grain
Grain abrasive particle comes off one by one；This process is conducive to the self-sharpening of abrasive particle, can stablize again working (machining) efficiency, improves the matter of surface to be machined
Amount.Described sintered abrasive grain with consolidation, welding or plating mode make abrasive grinding wheel, pellet, grinding pad, polishing pad, honing head,
Saw blade is processed as machining tool, the concretion abrasive for workpiece.
The sintered abrasive grain that sintered abrasive grain is made up of raw material abrasive grain at a certain temperature, has certain bond strength full
Foot actual cut requirement, and adhesion suitably can guarantee that the self-sharpening of abrasive particle.Process not whole failure damage, and
Be the bonding agent fatigue rupture between the internal little particle of raw material of sintered abrasive grain, losing efficacy causes crushing then, composition sintered abrasive grain
Original little grain abrasive comes off one by one.This process is conducive to the self-sharpening of abrasive particle, can stablize again working (machining) efficiency, improve processed
The quality on surface.The processing occasions such as the sintered abrasive grain that the present invention provides may be used for grinding, grinds and polish, honing, sawing, trip
From between machined surface and instrument；Abrasive grinding wheel, pellet, grinding pad, throwing can be made in modes such as consolidation, welding, plating
The machining tools such as light pad, honing head, saw blade, the concretion abrasive for workpiece is processed.The sintered abrasive grain preparation side that the present invention provides
Method is simple, low cost, the industrialized production that is applicable to, and has that working (machining) efficiency is high, processing characteristics is stable and abrasive material utilization rate
High.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
The method that the present invention provides has that technique is simple, yield rate is high, low cost and other advantages.
The instrument utilizing the abrasive machining of the present invention has the advantage that grinding force is suitable, self-sharpening is good, can be widely applied to
Grinding, grind and polish, the processing technique field such as honing.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the bulky grain abrasive material SEM figure of sinter molding.
Fig. 2 is the abrasive material state on solidified abrasive grinding pad surface.
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention is further illustrated with embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Example 1: a kind of self-sharpening sintered abrasive grain preparation method, sintered abrasive grain by the aluminum oxide of 5-7 μm, vitrified bond and
Nickel powder is made, and its preparation method is: is sufficiently mixed by the nickel powder of the aluminum oxide of 500, the vitrified bond of 380 and 120 and obtains
1000 grams of mixtures, with 100 grams of polyvinyl acetate, Vinylidene Chloride, polyisobutene, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylate, a-cyano group
After one or more mixing (lower same) in acrylate, Pioloform, polyvinyl acetal, epoxy resin etc. stir evenly as adhesive wetting
Dry at 120 DEG C.Will dry after solid abrasive cross sieve classification, obtain the micro mist that particle diameter is 325 ~ 400 mesh, with 900 DEG C ~
1100 DEG C carry out 3 hours removing glues of high temperature sintering to the abrasive compact after classification, obtain the sintered abrasive grain shown in Fig. 1.Sintering process
Middle adhesive can natural evaporation or decomposition.Classification the most again, obtains the sintered alumina of required particle diameter and adhesion.
Embodiment 2: a kind of self-sharpening sintered abrasive grain preparation method, sintered abrasive grain is by the diadust of 3-5 μm particle diameter, knot
Mixture, copper powder are mixed, and wherein bonding agent is the mixture of silica and boron oxide.Its preparation method is: by the gold of 650
Hard rock micro mist, the bonding agent of 220, the copper powder of 130 mix, and stir evenly, at 50 DEG C after adding appropriate adhesive 10 grams wetting
Dry.Caking after drying grinds broken, and goes out particle diameter with the sieved through sieve of 200/230 mesh and be distributed in the blank of 60-80.
At 750 DEG C, blank is carried out high temperature removing glue, sintering 4 hours, cool down with stove.The most accurately sieve, obtain particle diameter and be distributed in 70 μm
The high-quality sintered abrasive grain of left and right.
The high-quality sintered abrasive grain obtained after high temperature sintering, grinds to be applicable to optical glass with Sn-Cu-Fe tying mixture
Ratio be sufficiently mixed, after vacuum-sintering hot press forming technology, make diamond pellet.With sintered abrasive grain as active grain
Pellet is pasted onto on pedestal, can be used for the grinding and polishing processing of the materials such as pottery, K9, fused quartz.In this example, for K9 glass
During attrition process, material removal rate has reached 50 μm/min, and after processing, the surface roughness Ra of workpiece has reached 8.64nm.
Embodiment 3: a kind of self-sharpening sintered abrasive grain preparation method, sintered abrasive grain by the diadust of 10-14 μm particle diameter,
Low-temperature vitrified bond and copper powder are made, and its preparation method is: by the diamond of 600, the Low-temperature vitrified bond of 250 and 150
Copper powder mix, mixture is dried after stirring evenly with the wetting of 350 grams of adhesives at 150 DEG C.Caking after drying grinds
Sieve, be met cutting and require the micro mist of particle diameter, select to carry out 950 DEG C of high temperature removing glues, sintering 5 hours.The most again sieve,
Obtain required particle diameter (200/230) and the sintered diamond of bond strength.
As abrasive material, above-mentioned sintered diamond is made the solidified abrasive grinding pad for grinding, and this grinding pad is by sintered gold
Hard rock, carborundum, copper powder, resin and multiple additives are formed after uniformly being mixed by quality proportioning, solidified, as shown in Figure 2.Grind
Grinding process parameter is set to: pressure 20kPa, rotating speed 85rpm, and lapping liquid is that deionized water adds appropriate triethanolamine and OP-10
Emulsifying agent.After grinding 50min, the material removing rate obtaining sapphire wafer is 220 ~ 250nm/min, and surface roughness Ra is 80
~ 110nm, and there is no obvious cut, can be as the front road grinding step of sapphire polishing.
Example 4: a kind of sintered diamond abrasive material being applicable to concretion abrasive polishing, it is by the Buddha's warrior attendant of 3 ~ 5 μm particle diameters
Stone, Low-temperature vitrified bond and copper powder are made, and its preparation method is: by the diamond of 700, the Low-temperature vitrified bond of 250 and
The copper powder of 50 is sufficiently mixed, and mixture is dried after stirring evenly with 150 grams of adhesive wettings at 100 DEG C.Solid after drying grinds
Honed sieve, then by suitable temperature, powder is carried out 1000 DEG C of high temperature removing glues, sintering 2 hours.The most again sieve, obtain required
Particle diameter (170/230) and the sintered diamond of adhesion.
The above-mentioned sintered diamond prepared is made the solidified abrasive grinding pad for polishing, and it is by diamond, carbonization
The uniform mixing cured rear formation of silicon, copper powder, resin and multiple additives.Glossing parameter is set to: pressure 15kPa, turns
Speed 30rpm, polishing fluid is that deionized water adds appropriate triethanolamine and OP-10 emulsifying agent.After grinding 30min, obtain quartz glass
The material removing rate of glass is 2.5 μm/min, and surface average roughness Ra reaches below 10nm, and does not has obvious cut.
Above-mentioned polish pressure is increased to 30kPa, after grinding 30 minutes in the case of other conditions and parameter constant,
Material removing rate to quartz glass is 2 ~ 3 μm/min, and surface average roughness value Ra is 12.5nm, and does not has obvious cut.
Example 5: a kind of self-sharpening sintered abrasive grain preparation method, sintered abrasive grain is by the diamond of 14-20 μm, vitrified bond
Making with iron powder, its preparation method is: be sufficiently mixed by the iron powder of the diamond of 680, the Low-temperature vitrified bond of 250 and 70,
Mixture is dried after stirring evenly with 200 grams of adhesive wettings at 85 DEG C.Solid abrasive after drying crosses sieve classification, obtains particle diameter
It is the micro mist of 120/170 mesh, with 550 DEG C ~ 620 DEG C, the abrasive compact after classification is carried out high temperature removing glue, sintering 5 hours.Then
Classification again, obtains the sintered diamond abrasive material of required particle diameter 120/170 and adhesion.
Sintered diamond abrasive material is pressed into the preforming top gem of a girdle-pendant as the working lining particle of hone stone together with transition zone particle
Abrasive stick, and hot-forming obtain hone stone, for the Honing process of aluminium matter cylinder body, working (machining) efficiency is stable, and surface roughness Ra reaches
To below 300nm.
The sintered abrasive grain that the present invention prepares has suitable self-sharpening, in grinding process sinter bulky grain be not whole take off
Fall, but bonding agent fatigue rupture, the inefficacy between the internal little particle of raw material of sintered abrasive grain causes crushing then, composition sintering mill
The original little grain abrasive of material comes off one by one.
Implement processing show, the present invention provide sintered abrasive grain there is good self-sharpening, be conducive to stablize working (machining) efficiency,
Improve abrasive material utilization rate；Can be used in the processing technologys such as grinding, grinding and polishing, honing, sawing, it is possible to make emery wheel, grinding pad,
The finished tool such as honing head, saw blade.
Part that the present invention does not relate to is same as the prior art maybe can use prior art to be realized.
Claims (10)
1. the preparation method of a self-sharpening sintered abrasive grain, it is characterised in that it comprises the steps:
(1) abrasive grain, high-temperature agglomerant and auxiliary additive are measured by mass percentage, mix and make mixture；
The percentage by weight of abrasive grain is 50-70%, and the weight ratio of high-temperature agglomerant is 22-38%, and the weight ratio of auxiliary additive is
0.5 ~ 30%, most preferably 5-15%；
(2) in said mixture, add adhesive wetting to stir evenly, dry in the range of 50 DEG C ~ 150 DEG C；
(3) cake broke after drying；
(4) by the classification on request of broken powder, the bonded particulate of different-grain diameter is obtained；
(5) bonded particulate of selected particle diameter is carried out high temperature sintering and within 1-5 hour, obtain sintered abrasive grain, during high temperature sintering
Realize automatically removing of adhesive；
(6) classification again, obtains the sintered abrasive grain of the present invention.
Method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in described step (1), abrasive material raw material is diamond, oxygen
Changing aluminium, carborundum or cerium oxide abrasives particle, particle is monocrystalline or heteromorphs, and the particle diameter of abrasive grain is distributed in 100 and receives
Rice ~ 50 microns between, the feed particles between especially 200 nanometer ~ 20 micron.
Sintered abrasive grain preparation process the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in described step (1), described is auxiliary
Helping additive, be filled in abrasive particle space and make sintering bulky grain have preferable deformability and cementitiousness, auxiliary adds
Adding agent can be copper powder, iron powder, nickel etc., and content is about the 0.5 ~ 30% of abrasive grain.
Method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in described step (1), high temperature adhesive is titanium dioxide
One or more mixing in silicon, sodium oxide molybdena, aluminum oxide, lead oxide, zinc oxide, calcium oxide, potassium oxide, lanthana and boron oxide
Thing, or their pre-burning knot body.
Method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in described step (2) adhesive be polyvinyl acetate,
In Vinylidene Chloride, polyisobutene, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylate, a-cyanoacrylate, Pioloform, polyvinyl acetal and epoxy resin
One or more mixtures；The addition of adhesive is the 0.1-35% of mixture weight, most preferably 10-20%.
Method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in described step (4), the powder after crushing divides on request
Level, with regulation mesh number sieved through sieve, obtain appropriate particle size distribution bulky grain abrasive compact, or with gravity classification method, from
Heart staging obtains the little abrasive material particles blank of appropriate particle size distribution.
7. according to the method described in claims 1, it is characterised in that: mill after high temperature sintering operation in described step (5)
Material particle meets actually used requirement, has certain cutting power and bond strength, and high temperature sintering temperature is glued according to high temperature
The component of knot agent is adjusted, and temperature changes in the range of 500 DEG C ~ 1000 DEG C.
Method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in described step (6), by the abrasive grain after sintering again
Secondary classification, obtains the high-quality sintered abrasive grain of suitable particle diameter distribution, is beneficial to surface quality and the working (machining) efficiency of rapidoprint；Sintering
The particle size range of abrasive material is at 1 micron ~ 150 microns, and especially the particle diameter of sintered abrasive grain is at 2 microns ~ 100 microns.
9. a self-sharpening sintered abrasive grain, it is characterised in that described sintered abrasive grain for grinding, grind and polish, honing or saw
Cutting processing occasion, sintered abrasive grain is free between machined surface and instrument, and it is not whole failure damage in process, and
Be the bonding agent fatigue rupture between sintered abrasive grain, losing efficacy causes crushing then, the original little grain abrasive of composition sintered abrasive grain
Come off one by one；This process is conducive to the self-sharpening of abrasive particle, can stablize again working (machining) efficiency, improves the quality of surface to be machined.
Sintered abrasive grain the most according to claim 9, it is characterised in that described sintered abrasive grain is with consolidation, welding or plating
Mode makes abrasive grinding wheel, pellet, grinding pad, polishing pad, honing head, saw blade as machining tool, and the consolidation for workpiece is ground
Material processing.
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