CN105854807A - 一种基于秸秆的复合吸附材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种基于秸秆的复合吸附材料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN105854807A
CN105854807A CN201610428766.9A CN201610428766A CN105854807A CN 105854807 A CN105854807 A CN 105854807A CN 201610428766 A CN201610428766 A CN 201610428766A CN 105854807 A CN105854807 A CN 105854807A
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adsorbing material
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程详
王艳芬
徐初阳
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Anhui University of Science and Technology
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种基于秸秆的复合吸附材料，包括秸秆和煤矸石，所述秸秆和煤矸石的质量比为90:10。该复合吸附材料以秸秆和煤矸石作为原材料，通过干燥，破碎，筛分获得粉状物料，秸秆尺寸为250um，煤矸石的尺寸为75um；将秸秆和煤矸石按照质量比90:10均匀混合，再放入坩埚并压实；在马弗炉中进行煅烧处理：以15℃/min的升温速率升温，于500℃保温35min，再于800℃保温70min，即获得复合吸附材料成品。本发明的一种基于秸秆的复合吸附材料拓展了秸秆与煤矸石的综合利用领域，制备工艺简单，未涉及复杂操作，成本低廉，应用于污水净化领域的效果显著，吸附性能优异。

Description

一种基于秸秆的复合吸附材料及其制备方法
本申请是发明名称为一种秸秆和煤矸石共制备复合吸附材料的制备方法，申请号为201410583341.6(申请日2014年10月27日)的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明属于固体废弃物的资源化利用领域，具体涉及一种基于秸秆的复合吸附材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
我国作为农业大国，农作物秸秆的年产量可达7亿多吨。由于秸秆综合开发利用技术不够成熟，投资较大，且利用率较低，大量的秸秆主要采用焚烧技术进行处理。每年丰收季节田间秸秆燃烧产生的大量浓重烟雾，成为目前农村环境污染难以治理的技术瓶颈。因此，拓展秸秆资源化利用技术并有效提高回收利用率是解决问题的关键。
随着我国煤炭产量的不断增长，夹生在煤层中并与煤相伴相生的煤矸石产量也随之俱增。据统计，目前全国煤矸石的总堆放量已超过47亿吨，并以每年2亿吨的速度增加，其已成为我国最大的矿山固体废弃物之一。堆放的煤矸石不仅严重污染了周围环境，而且侵占大量土地农田，对土地资源破坏严重。因此，如何对煤矸石进行高效利用并降低投资成本成为煤炭产业当下急需解决的一个关键问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种基于秸秆的复合吸附材料及其制备方法，投资成本低，污水净化效果显著。
本发明提供了一种基于秸秆的复合吸附材料，包括秸秆和煤矸石，所述秸秆和煤矸石的质量比为90:10；
该复合吸附材料以秸秆和煤矸石作为原材料，通过干燥，破碎，筛分获得粉状物料，秸秆尺寸为250um，煤矸石的尺寸为75um；将秸秆和煤矸石按照质量比90:10均匀混合，再放入坩埚并压实；在马弗炉中进行煅烧处理：以15℃/min的升温速率升温，于500℃保温35min，再于800℃保温70min，即获得复合吸附材料成品。
本发明还公开了一种基于秸秆的复合吸附材料的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)以秸秆和煤矸石作为原材料，通过干燥，破碎，筛分获得粉状物料，秸秆尺寸为250um，煤矸石的尺寸为75um；
(2)将秸秆和煤矸石按照质量比90:10均匀混合，再放入坩埚并压实；
(3)将进过步骤(2)处理过的混合物在马弗炉中进行煅烧处理：以15℃/min的升温速率升温，于500℃保温35min，再于800℃保温70min，即获得复合吸附材料成品。
与现有的复合吸附材料及其制备方法相比，本发明的有益效果在于：
(1)本发明一种基于秸秆的复合吸附材料及其制备方法，以煤矸石和秸秆为原料，可以有效减少煤矸石的堆砌和秸秆燃烧造成的污染问题，变废为宝，提高其附加值。
(2)与现有的煤矸石利用途径(如将煤矸石与粉煤灰、废弃碳酸盐尾矿复合)相比，本发明通过对煤矸石和秸秆的破碎、筛分、混合和煅烧工序，获得了孔隙发达的新型轻质多孔材料，探索了一条煤矸石和秸秆共同资源化利用的高效新颖路线。
(3)与市售的木质活性炭相比，本发明的一种基于秸秆的复合吸附材料对有机染料废水显示出了乎同等优异的吸附效果，在含重金属离子溶液和实际焦化废水的处理中也具有良好的吸附特性，应用前景广泛。
(4)本发明一种农作物秸秆的复合吸附材料，制备工艺简单，吸附性能优异，成本低廉，易于推广应用。
附图说明
图1为本发明复合吸附材料的SEM图片。
图2为本发明复合吸附材料与市售活性炭对亚甲基蓝溶液的处理效果对比图片。
图3为本发明复合吸附材料与市售活性炭对硫酸铜溶液的处理效果对比图片。
图4为本发明复合吸附材料与市售活性炭对实际焦化废水的处理效果对比图片。
具体实施方式：
下面结合说明书附图和实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
实施例1：
选择农作物秸秆和煤矸石作为原材料，首先分别通过干燥，破碎，筛分获得一定粒度范围的粉状物料(秸秆和煤矸石的尺寸均为250um)；然后按照秸秆和煤矸石的混合质量比为60:40将二者均匀混合，放入坩埚并压实，在马弗炉中进行煅烧处理(处理制度为以12℃/min的升温速率升温，于600℃保温40min，850℃保温60min)，即获得复合吸附材料成品。
将本实施例制备的复合吸附材料进行吸附性能检测。在磁力搅拌条件下，将25mg复合吸附材料加入亚甲基蓝溶液(50mL，0.03g/L)中，搅拌15min，离心过滤，取上层清液进行吸光度测试。利用紫外可见分光光度计进行吸光度测试(去离子水作比色液，波长设置在665nm)，测试结果显示处理前亚甲基蓝溶液的吸光度为2.688，处理后亚甲基蓝溶液的吸光度为0.14。
实施例2：
选择农作物秸秆和煤矸石作为原材料，首先分别通过干燥，破碎，筛分获得一定粒度范围的粉状物料(秸秆尺寸为250um，煤矸石的尺寸为75um)；然后按照秸秆和煤矸石的混合质量比为90:10将二者均匀混合，放入坩埚并压实，在马弗炉中进行煅烧处理(处理制度为以15℃/min的升温速率升温，于500℃保温35min，800℃保温70min)，即获得复合吸附材料成品。本实施例制备的复合吸附材料用来处理前亚甲基蓝溶液的吸光度为2.688，处理后亚甲基蓝溶液的吸光度为0.041。
实施例3：
选择农作物秸秆和煤矸石作为原材料，首先分别通过干燥，破碎，筛分获得一定粒度范围的粉状物料(秸秆尺寸为150um，煤矸石的尺寸为75um)；然后按照秸秆和煤矸石的混合质量比为75:25将二者均匀混合，放入坩埚并压实，在马弗炉中进行煅烧处理(处理制度为以15℃/min的升温速率升温，于500℃保温30min，815℃保温60min)，即获得复合吸附材料成品。
本实施例制备的复合吸附材料用来处理前亚甲基蓝溶液的吸光度为2.688，处理后亚甲基蓝溶液的吸光度为0.033。
本发明实施例3制备的复合吸附材料的微观形貌如图1所示。复合吸附材料具有
大量的不同尺寸的微孔，其发达的孔隙结构和大的比表面积可以充分与被吸附物质接触，为吸附性能提供良好的结构基础。
图2为本发明实施例制备的复合吸附材料与市售活性炭对亚甲基蓝溶液处理15min后效果对比图片。从图中可以看出，与市售活性炭相比，经过本发明产物复合吸附材料的吸附处理，亚甲基蓝溶液的吸光度由2.688降为0.033，表明溶液中亚甲基蓝的浓度基本降解为零。这暗示了本发明产物复合吸附材料对亚甲基蓝溶液具有与市售活性炭性质相似的良好净化效果。
图3为本发明实施例制备的复合吸附材料与市售活性炭对硫酸铜溶液处理15min后效果对比图片。从图中可以看出，经过本发明产物复合吸附材料和市售活性炭的吸附处理，硫酸铜溶液的吸光度均由0..413降为0.25，显示了良好的吸附特性。
图4为本发明实施例制备的复合吸附材料与市售活性炭对实际焦化废水处理15min后效果对比图片。从图中可以看出，本发明产物复合吸附材料对实际焦化废水同样具有与市售活性炭相似的吸附效果。
实施例1-3制备的复合吸附材料的性能对比见表1。
表1三种实施例获得的复合吸附材料对亚甲蓝溶液的吸附性能

Claims (2)

1.一种基于秸秆复合吸附材料，其特征在于，包括秸秆和煤矸石，所述秸秆和煤矸石的质量比为90:10；
该复合吸附材料以秸秆和煤矸石作为原材料，通过干燥，破碎，筛分获得粉状物料，秸秆尺寸为250um，煤矸石的尺寸为75um；将秸秆和煤矸石按照质量比90:10均匀混合，再放入坩埚并压实；在马弗炉中进行煅烧处理：以15℃/min的升温速率升温，于500℃保温35min，再于800℃保温70min，即获得复合吸附材料成品。
2.一种基于秸秆的复合吸附材料的制备方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
(1)以秸秆和煤矸石作为原材料，通过干燥，破碎，筛分获得粉状物料，秸秆尺寸为250um，煤矸石的尺寸为75um；
(2)将秸秆和煤矸石按照质量比90:10均匀混合，再放入坩埚并压实；
(3)将进过步骤(2)处理过的混合物在马弗炉中进行煅烧处理：以15℃/min的升温速率升温，于500℃保温35min，再于800℃保温70min，即获得复合吸附材料成品。
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