CN105829933A - Waveguide polarization splitter and polarization rotator - Google Patents
Waveguide polarization splitter and polarization rotator Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/14—Mode converters
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
- G02B6/122—Basic optical elements, e.g. light-guiding paths
- G02B6/1228—Tapered waveguides, e.g. integrated spot-size transformers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/27—Optical coupling means with polarisation selective and adjusting means
- G02B6/2726—Optical coupling means with polarisation selective and adjusting means in or on light guides, e.g. polarisation means assembled in a light guide
- G02B6/2733—Light guides evanescently coupled to polarisation sensitive elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/27—Optical coupling means with polarisation selective and adjusting means
- G02B6/2753—Optical coupling means with polarisation selective and adjusting means characterised by their function or use, i.e. of the complete device
- G02B6/2766—Manipulating the plane of polarisation from one input polarisation to another output polarisation, e.g. polarisation rotators, linear to circular polarisation converters
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
- G02B6/122—Basic optical elements, e.g. light-guiding paths
- G02B6/125—Bends, branchings or intersections
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- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
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- Optical Modulation, Optical Deflection, Nonlinear Optics, Optical Demodulation, Optical Logic Elements (AREA)
Abstract
Provided in the present invention are a waveguide polarization splitter and polarization rotator, comprising: an input waveguide comprising an input straight waveguide for inputting an optical signal and a bent waveguide, the bent waveguide being connected with the input straight waveguide; the converting waveguide comprising a first converting straight waveguide, a second converting straight waveguide and a tapered waveguide, the tapered waveguide being connected with the first converting straight waveguide and the second converting straight waveguide, the first converting straight waveguide being adjacent to the input straight waveguide and coupled with the input straight waveguide to complete splitting and conversion in a first polarization mode; the output waveguide comprising an output straight waveguide for outputting the optical signal, the output straight waveguide being adjacent to the second converting straight waveguide and coupled with the second converting straight waveguide to complete splitting and conversion in a second polarization mode. The polarization splitter and polarization rotator is capable of reducing insertion loss and simple to fabricate.
Description
Wave-guide polarization is separated and polarization converter
Technical field
The present invention relates to communication equipment field, more particularly to a kind of separation of wave-guide polarization and polarization converter.Background technology
With the development of internet, particularly cloud computing, cloud storage, the rise of mobile Internet, transmission rate and communication quality for communication network propose higher requirement, and existing electricity is exchanged because the limitation of the technologies such as backboard, energy consumption can not meet the demand of exchange capacity sustainable growth.The advantages of All-optical switching has low energy consumption, Large Copacity, is the developing direction of Future broadband communication.
Photon integrated chip, especially silicon optical chip have the advantages that high bandwidth, low-power consumption and existing CMOS process compatibles, are the developing direction and key technology of following All-optical switching.TE moulds in the reasons such as waveguide dimensions limitation and birefringence effect due to silicon optical chip, silicon optical chip（Transverse Electric Wave H modes, along on Electromagnetic Wave Propagation direction without electric field component）With TM moulds (Transverse magnetic Wave transverse magnetic waves, along on Electromagnetic Wave Propagation direction without magnetic-field component）Effective refractive index it is different, cause TE moulds different with transmission characteristic with the transmission speed in the waveguide of TM moulds, therefore most silicon optical device is sensitive for polarizing, that is, is only used for a kind of pattern in TE or TM.
The method of the influence of the elimination polarization of current main flow is to carry out difference in polarisation technology（Polarization diversity technology), that is, utilize polarization beam apparatus（Polarization Beam Splitter) will respectively it be handled again after the TE moulds in waveguide and the separation of TM moulds.Because the performance of TE moulds is better than TM moulds, the scheme being more inclined to is to utilize polarization converter（Polarization Rotator) the TM moulds after separation are converted to
TE moulds are handled again, and the signal after processing recycles polarization converter to be converted to TM moulds again.In order to improve extinction ratio and conversion effect, polarization beam apparatus and polarization converter in practice is frequently necessary to while using, existing device can only realize that the simple function of polarization separation or polarization conversion is used, it is necessary to cascade, and adds Insertion Loss and device length mostly.
Fig. 1 be it is a kind of can realize the device of polarization separation and polarization conversion, whole device is based on the SOI (silicon in Silicon-On-Insulator, dielectric substrate）Structure, the coating of waveguide is silicon nitride (Si3N4).Device is made up of the tapered transmission line 101 of multistage width gradual change and an asymmetric directional coupler 102.Tapered transmission line 101 is single mode waveguide in input (width is w0), is multimode waveguide in output end (width is w3).When TM light is by tapered transmission line 101, TM0 patterns can be converted into TE1 moulds
Formula, the TE1 patterns after conversion are coupled to by asymmetric coupler 102 in the waveguide that width is w4, and the pattern after coupling is converted into TE patterns, by curved waveguide 103 (Sbend) by upper port outgoing.On the other hand, incident TE light does not change by tapered transmission line 101, during by asymmetric coupler 102, because its effective refractive index is differed with width for any pattern in w4 waveguide, do not couple, by lower port outgoing, realize the separation and conversion of polarization.
However, because TM0 patterns to the conversion of TE1 patterns, and the length coupled all to waveguide of TE1 patterns to TE0 patterns are sensitive, causing tolerance of the device to fabrication error to decline；And unconverted TM0 patterns and the TE1 patterns that are not coupled to completely in waveguide w4 will be remained and exported in the waveguide with TE0-rise from lower port after tapered transmission line 101, causing the extinction ratio of device reduces；Further, since having used multistage tapered transmission line, the difficulty of the overall Insertion Loss of device and manufacture is added.
Fig. 2 be it is another can be while realizing the device of polarization separation and polarization conversion, whole device is made up of adiabatic tapered transmission line 104, Y beam splitters 105, a pi/2 phase shift part 106 and a MMI107 (Multimode Interference).
When the light of TE and TM patterns enters the chip：For the light of TM0 patterns, TM0 Mode changes are TE1 patterns by tapered transmission line 104, and then the light of the TE1 patterns is divided into two-way：Light is by the waveguide containing pi/2 phase shift part 106 all the way, and its phase changes；Then treated light is not had to be input to together in a Μ Μ Ι 107 with another road, two-beam interference imaging in MMI107 finally exports TE0 moulds in lower end waveguide.And for the light of TE0 patterns, do not changed by tapered transmission line 104, the light of TE0 patterns is still exported, is divided into two-way through Υ beam splitters 105：Light is by the waveguide containing nil phase shift sections 106 all the way, and its phase changes；Then treated light is not had to be input to together in a MMI107 with another road, two-beam interference imaging in MMI107 finally exports TE0 moulds in upper end waveguide.Hereby it is achieved that the process that TE/TM moulds polarization beam splitting and TM moulds are changed to TE mode polarizations.
However, the structure of this device is sufficiently complex, uses multistage tapered transmission line 104, Y beam splitters 105, there are the structures such as pi/2 phase shift part 106, caused the manufacture difficulty of device larger, and the Insertion Loss of device is very big.The content of the invention
The present invention provide it is a kind of reduce Insertion Loss, the separation of the wave-guide polarization that is simple to manufacture and polarization converter.First aspect is separated and polarization converter there is provided a kind of wave-guide polarization, including：Input waveguide, including the input straight wave guide for input optical signal；Waveguide, including the first conversion straight wave guide, the second conversion straight wave guide are changed, and the tapered transmission line of straight wave guide and the second conversion straight wave guide is changed in connection described first；It is described
First conversion straight wave guide is disposed adjacent with the input straight wave guide, and is coupled with the input straight wave guide, completes the separation and conversion of the first polarization mode；And output waveguide, including for exporting the straight wave guide output of optical signal, the straight wave guide output is disposed adjacent with the described second conversion straight wave guide, and is coupled with the described second conversion straight wave guide, completes the separation and conversion of the second polarization mode.
In the first possible implementation of first aspect, the effective refractive index of TE1 moulds is identical with the effective refractive index of TM0 moulds in the input straight wave guide in the first conversion straight wave guide；TE1 Effective index is identical with the effective refractive index of TE0 moulds in the output waveguide in the second conversion straight wave guide.
In second of possible implementation of first aspect, the width of the input straight wave guide is the first width, and described first changes the width of straight wave guide into the second width；First width and the second width make it that TE1 Effective indexes are identical with TM0 Effective indexes in the input straight wave guide in the first conversion straight wave guide；The width of the straight wave guide output is the first width, described second changes the width of straight wave guide into the 3rd width, and the 3rd width and the first width make it that TE1 Effective indexes are identical with TE0 Effective indexes in the output waveguide in the second conversion straight wave guide.
In the third possible implementation of first aspect, the input waveguide and the output waveguide are located at described the same side for changing waveguide.
In the 4th kind of possible implementation of first aspect, the input waveguide and the output waveguide are located at the both sides for changing waveguide respectively.
In the 5th kind of possible implementation of first aspect, the input waveguide also includes the curved waveguide being connected with the input straight wave guide, and the curved waveguide is used to separate the coupling between the input straight wave guide and the described first conversion straight wave guide.
In the 6th kind of possible implementation of first aspect, the curved waveguide Wei Round waveguides or S shape waveguides.
In the 7th kind of possible implementation of first aspect, the input waveguide, the material of waveguide and output waveguide is changed into silicon, silicon nitride, polymer or semi-conducting material.
In the 8th kind of possible implementation of first aspect, the refractive index of the coating of the input waveguide, conversion waveguide and output waveguide is different from substrate.
In the 9th kind of possible implementation of first aspect, an electrode is at least added in the input straight wave guide, the first conversion straight wave guide, the second conversion straight wave guide, and straight wave guide output；The electrode is used for the effective refractive index of waveguide where changing.
In the tenth kind of possible implementation of first aspect, the electrode is used as polarization selecting switch.
The wave-guide polarization separation provided according to various embodiments and polarization converter, the function of polarization separation and polarization conversion can be realized simultaneously, and simple in construction, performance is stable, and its Insertion Loss is smaller, and entire length is short, is conducive to the single-chip integration of high density；Compared to other polarization converter devices, its is simple in construction, and preparation for processing is compatible with CMOS technology, and high for the yardstick compatibility of waveguide, easily realizes and other devices, the system integration.Brief description of the drawings
In order to illustrate more clearly about the embodiment of the present invention or technical scheme of the prior art, the required accompanying drawing used in embodiment will be briefly described below, apparently, drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, on the premise of not paying creative work, other accompanying drawings can also be obtained according to these accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a kind of structure chart of existing device that can realize polarization separation and polarization conversion；Fig. 2 is the structure chart of the existing another device that can realize polarization separation and polarization conversion；Fig. 3 is wave-guide polarization separation and the structure chart of polarization converter of embodiment of the present invention one；Fig. 4 is the graph of a relation of waveguide effective index and duct width in embodiment of the present invention；During Fig. 5 is embodiment of the present invention, mould field substep of the TM0 and TE1 moulds in the first conversion straight wave guide and input straight wave guide is schemed；
During Fig. 6 is embodiment of the present invention, width is the mixed mode schematic diagram in w0 and wl adjacent waveguide；
During Fig. 7 is embodiment of the present invention, the transformational relation between TM0 moulds and TE1 moulds；
During Fig. 8 is embodiment of the present invention, the transition diagram of the TE1 moulds in TE0 moulds and waveguide w2 in waveguide w0；
During Fig. 9 is embodiment of the present invention, TE0, TM0 mould separate and convert the transition diagram that TM0 moulds are TE0 moulds；
Figure 10 is wave-guide polarization separation and the structure chart of polarization converter of embodiment of the present invention two；Figure 11 is wave-guide polarization separation and the structure chart of polarization converter of embodiment of the present invention three；Figure 12 is wave-guide polarization separation and the structure chart of polarization converter of embodiment of the present invention four；Figure 13 is wave-guide polarization separation and the structure chart of polarization converter of embodiment of the present invention five.
Figure 14 be embodiment of the present invention four and five wave-guide polarization separation and polarization converter as polarization converter in use, from the patten transformation schematic diagram of input input signal.
Figure 15 be embodiment of the present invention four and five wave-guide polarization separation and polarization converter as polarization converter in use, from output end input signal, carrying out the schematic diagram of reversible transformation.
Figure 16 is wave-guide polarization separation and the structure chart of polarization converter of embodiment of the present invention six.
Figure 17 is wave-guide polarization separation and the structure chart of polarization converter of embodiment of the present invention seven.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is clearly and completely described, it is clear that described embodiment is only a part of embodiment of the invention, rather than whole embodiments.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, the every other embodiment that those of ordinary skill in the art are obtained under the premise of creative work is not made belongs to the scope of protection of the invention.The important principle that the present invention is applied to is introduced first：When two fiber waveguides being disposed adjacent satisfactions are identical for the effective refractive index of communication mode, it is possible to occur the conversion of energy coupling and pattern.Effective refractive index（Effective refractive index) it is the important parameter for characterizing fiber waveguide, it is relevant with the size of waveguide and the refractive index of waveguide material, in the case of waveguide dimensions and material determination, and the effective refractive index of waveguide will also be determined.In addition, effective refractive index is relevant also with the pattern of the optical signal of transmission, during the different mode of same waveguide transmission, its effective refractive index is different, and the numerical value of specific effective refractive index can be calculated by simulation software.Wave-guide polarization separation and polarization converter that embodiment of the present invention is provided, including input waveguide, conversion waveguide and output waveguide, it utilizes above-mentioned principle, in signal input side, make input waveguide identical with the effective refractive index of the input of conversion waveguide, then coupling completes the separation and conversion of the first polarization mode between the input waveguide being disposed adjacent and conversion waveguide；In signal output side, make the output waveguide being disposed adjacent identical with the effective refractive index of conversion waveguide output end, the coupling between the output waveguide being disposed adjacent and conversion waveguide completes the separation and conversion of the second polarization mode；So as to, TE, TM Mixed design optical signal of signal input side input, by the conversion of the conversion of the energy coupling and pattern that occur between input waveguide and conversion waveguide, and the energy coupling and pattern occurred between conversion waveguide and output waveguide, realize and defeated is mixed to TE, TM
The separation of optical signal, and the TM light after separation is converted into TE light exported.Refer to Fig. 3, the wave-guide polarization separation of embodiment of the present invention one and polarization converter 10, including input waveguide 11, conversion waveguide 12, and output waveguide 13.Input waveguide 11, conversion waveguide 12, and output waveguide 13 are arranged on silicon substrate.
The input waveguide 11 includes：For the input straight wave guide 112 of input optical signal, and the curved waveguide 113 being connected with input straight wave guide 112.
The tapered transmission line 125 that straight wave guide 121 and second changes straight wave guide 123 is changed in the conversion waveguide 12, including the first conversion conversion straight wave guide 123 of straight wave guide 121, second, and connection first;First conversion straight wave guide 121 is located at the input of conversion waveguide 12, is disposed adjacent with input straight wave guide 112, and is coupled with input straight wave guide 121, completes the separation and conversion of the first polarization mode.Second conversion straight wave guide 123 is located at the output end of conversion waveguide 12.
The output waveguide 13, including for exporting the straight wave guide output 131 of optical signal, straight wave guide output 131 is disposed adjacent with the second conversion straight wave guide 123, and is coupled with the second conversion straight wave guide 123, completes the separation and conversion of the second polarization mode.
The input straight wave guide 112 and first conversion straight wave guide 121 extends in the same direction, and is disposed adjacent and with a predetermined interval on the vertical line of the bearing of trend；The second conversion conversion coaxial extension of straight wave guide 121 of straight wave guide 123 and first；Second conversion straight wave guide 123 extends in the same direction with straight wave guide output 131, and is disposed adjacent and with a predetermined interval on the vertical line of the bearing of trend.
The input waveguide 11 can input the optical signal of TE/TM mixed modes, and the first conversion straight wave guide 121 is identical for the effective refractive index of TM0 moulds with input straight wave guide 112 for the effective refractive index of TE1 moulds.Second conversion straight wave guide 123 is identical for the effective refractive index of TE0 moulds with straight wave guide output 131 for the effective refractive index of TE1 moulds.According to energy coupling and the condition of patten transformation occur between foregoing adjacent waveguide, the input conversion straight wave guide 121 of straight wave guide 112 and first is coupled, and completes the separation and conversion of the first polarization mode；Second conversion straight wave guide 123 and straight wave guide output 131 are coupled, and complete the separation and conversion of the second polarization mode.Curved waveguide 113 is used to separate the coupling inputted between straight wave guide 112 and the first conversion straight wave guide 121.First conversion straight wave guide 121, the second conversion straight wave guide 123, and straight wave guide output 131 are selecting suitable width（Waveguide width) when, the first conversion having for TE1 moulds of straight wave guide 121
Imitate refractive index identical for the effective refractive index of TM0 moulds with input straight wave guide 112, the second conversion straight wave guide 123 is identical for the effective refractive index of TE0 moulds with straight wave guide output 131 for the effective refractive index of TE1 moulds.Specifically, the width of the input straight wave guide 112 is the first width wO, first changes the width of straight wave guide 121 into the second width wl, and second to change the width of straight wave guide 123 be the 3rd width into w2, and the width of straight wave guide output 131 is the first width w0.Fig. 4 is referred to, the graph of a relation between the effective refractive index of waveguide and duct width is shown, as can be seen that for the standard waveguide that width is wO, as long as selecting suitable duct width wl, meeting it from Fig. 4：
That is, the waveguide that width is wO is identical for the effective refractive index of TE1 moulds with the waveguide that width is wl for the effective refractive index of TM0 moulds, you can to complete energy coupling and patten transformation.For example, it is shown in Fig. 4, suitable wO and wl is selected, the conversion of the pattern from TMO to TE1 can be completed.Refer to Fig. 5, it show the mode distributions figure of TE1 moulds in the waveguide that TMO moulds and width are wl in the waveguide that width is wO, being disposed adjacent, during width is respectively wO and wl two waveguides, the mixed mode of two TMO moulds and TE1 moulds is respectively present, mixed mode is as shown in Figure 6.
Refer to Fig. 6, due to the presence of the two mixing TMO moulds and TE1 moulds, TE1 moulds in the waveguide that TMO moulds in the waveguide that width is wO are wl with width change, i.e., in the present embodiment, after input straight wave guide 112 is coupled with the first conversion straight wave guide 121, TMO moulds are converted to TE1 moulds, its conversion efficiency is as shown in Figure 7, about 90% 95%, the coupling length for inputting the conversion straight wave guide 121 of straight wave guide 112 and first is about tens microns, concrete numerical value and duct width, the relating to parameters such as waveguide material, set according to actual needs.
When TMO moulds are converted to TE1 moulds, because the waveguide that width is wO is different from for the waveguide that the effective refractive index of TEO patterns is wl with width for the refractive index of any one pattern, therefore, when input straight wave guide 112 is coupled with the first conversion straight wave guide 121, TEO patterns are not coupled.So, by the width wO by straight wave guide 112 is inputted, and the width wl selections of the first conversion straight wave guide 121 are suitably worth, the TMO moulds point that will can be inputted in the mixed mode comprising TM/TE moulds that straight wave guide 112 is inputted
From and be coupled to the first conversion straight wave guide 121, be converted to TE1 moulds.The conversion straight wave guide 123 of straight wave guide 121 and second is changed in the connection of tapered transmission line 125 first, plays a part of transition.By the connection of tapered transmission line 125, duct width changes, and the pattern of optical signal does not change in waveguide, and energy is not almost lost.In the present embodiment, tapered transmission line 125 is adiabatic tapered transmission line, and its throat width is that wl, exit width are w2, and width gradually increases.After tapered transmission line 125, the optical signal in the first conversion straight wave guide 121 is after tapered transmission line 125, and the pattern of optical signal does not change, and remains as TE1 moulds.The principle of patten transformation between the input conversion straight wave guide 121 of straight wave guide 112 and first is similar, and by the width w2 to the second conversion straight wave guide 123, the suitable value of width w0 selections of straight wave guide output 131 makes it meet condition：
That is, the waveguide that width is w2 is identical for the effective refractive index of TE0 moulds with the waveguide that width is w0 for the effective refractive index of TE1 moulds, you can to complete energy coupling and patten transformation.For example, it is shown in Fig. 4, suitable w0 and wl is selected, the conversion of the pattern from TE1 to TEO can be completed.
In this case, TE0 moulds in the waveguide that TE1 moulds in the waveguide that width is w2 are wl with width change, i.e., in the present embodiment, after second conversion straight wave guide 123 is coupled with straight wave guide output 131, TE1 moulds are converted to TE0 moulds, and the optical signal of TE0 moulds is exported by straight wave guide output 131.As shown in figure 8, the conversion efficiency that TE1 moulds are converted to TE0 is more than 95%, coupling length is about tens microns, the relating to parameters such as concrete numerical value and duct width, material.The effective refractive index of TM0 moulds is different from any one pattern in the second conversion straight wave guide 123 that width is w2 in the straight wave guide output 131 that width is wO, therefore TM0 patterns are not coupled.Fig. 9 is referred to, is shown in the separation of the wave-guide polarization of embodiment of the present invention and polarization converter 10, the process schematic of energy coupling and patten transformation.
Input the optical signal that straight wave guide 112 inputs TE0/TM0 mixed modes, after the coupling between the input conversion straight wave guide 121 of straight wave guide 112 and first and patten transformation, TM0 moulds are separated from input optical signal, and are converted into TE1 mode couplings into the first conversion straight wave guide 121.
After coupling is completed, the optical signal transmission inputted in straight wave guide 112 to curved waveguide 113, TE0 moulds
Exported by curved waveguide, because loss of the TM0 patterns in curved waveguide is more than TE0 patterns, therefore the TM0 moulds of residual can be reduced by increasing the degree of crook of curved waveguide 113, the purpose for improving extinction ratio is reached.
The pattern of optical signal does not change in tapered transmission line 125, i.e., the first conversion conversion straight wave guide 123 of straight wave guide 121 and second is TE1 moulds.
The optical signal of TE1 patterns in second conversion straight wave guide 123, after the coupling between changing straight wave guide 123 by straight wave guide output 131 and second and patten transformation, TE1 moulds are converted into TE0 moulds, coupled to being exported in straight wave guide output 131.The wave-guide polarization separation of embodiment of the present invention and polarization converter 10, its each waveguide are made up of the material of high index of refraction, for example：Silica may be selected in silicon, silicon nitride, polymer, semi-conducting material, substrate, and covering layer material is different from backing material, for example, can be air or the low material of other refractive indexes, so can be with the coupling and conversion between enhancement mode.The wave-guide polarization separation of embodiment of the present invention and polarization converter 10, the function of polarization separation and polarization conversion can be realized simultaneously, simple in construction, and performance is stable.
The wave-guide polarization separation of embodiment of the present invention and polarization converter 10, its Insertion Loss（Insertion loss, represents the ratio of output intensity and incident intensity of a kind of light energy after transmission inserter instrument) it is smaller, Insertion Loss value is between 0.5 dB-ldB, high conversion efficiency；Entire length is short, can be with<50um, is conducive to the single-chip integration of high density；It is simultaneously low to wavelength sensitivity, it can meet in whole C-band (C wave bands）Use.
The wave-guide polarization separation of embodiment of the present invention and polarization converter 10, compared to other polarization converter devices, its is simple in construction, and preparation for processing is compatible with CMOS technology, and it is high for the yardstick compatibility of waveguide, easily realize and other devices, the system integration.Figure 10, the wave-guide polarization separation of embodiment of the present invention two and polarization converter are referred to, it is similar to embodiment one, including input waveguide 21, conversion waveguide 22, and output waveguide 23.The input waveguide 21 and the output waveguide 23 are respectively arranged at the both sides of the conversion waveguide 22.
The input waveguide 21 includes：For the input straight wave guide 212 of input optical signal, and the curved waveguide 213 being connected with the input straight wave guide 212.Difference with embodiment one is, the bending
The Wei Round shape waveguides of waveguide 213.
Certainly, the shape of curved waveguide 213 is also not necessarily limited to S-shaped waveguide and the embodiment Er Round shapes of embodiment one, it can also be other shapes, so, when being connected with other devices, suitable shape can be selected according to the actual needs, can effective utilization space, flexibility is had more when being connected with other devices.Figure 11, the wave-guide polarization separation of embodiment of the present invention three and polarization converter are referred to, it is similar to embodiment two, difference, the input waveguide 21 and the output waveguide 23 are respectively arranged at described the same side for changing waveguide 22.So, when being connected with other devices, suitable arrangement can be selected according to the actual needs, and effective utilization space has more flexibility when being connected with other devices.Refer to Figure 12, the wave-guide polarization separation of embodiment of the present invention four and polarization converter are used as polarization converter, similar to embodiment one, the wave-guide polarization separation of embodiment four and polarization converter include input waveguide 41, conversion waveguide 42, and output waveguide 43.Its difference is that the input waveguide 41 includes only including the input straight wave guide 412 for input optical signal.Changing waveguide 42 includes the tapered transmission line 425 of the first conversion straight wave guide 421, the second conversion straight wave guide 423, and the connection first conversion straight wave guide 421 and the second conversion straight wave guide 423.The input waveguide 41 and the output waveguide 43 are respectively arranged at the both sides of the conversion waveguide 42.
Identical with the energy coupling and patten transformation principle that embodiment one is described in detail, after input straight wave guide 412 is coupled with the first conversion straight wave guide 421 of conversion waveguide 42, the TM0 moulds of input are converted into TE1 mode couplings and extremely change waveguide 42.After second conversion straight wave guide 423 of conversion waveguide 42 is coupled with output waveguide 43, the TE1 in conversion waveguide 42 is converted into TE0 mode couplings to output waveguide 43.
It is described input straight wave guide 412 width w0, first conversion straight wave guide width wl, second conversion straight wave guide width w2, and output waveguide 43 width w0 numerical value selection it is identical with embodiment one.Figure 13, the wave-guide polarization separation of embodiment of the present invention five and polarization converter are referred to, similar to embodiment four, its difference is, the input waveguide 41 and the output waveguide 43 are arranged at described the same side for changing waveguide 42.Refer to Figure 14 and Figure 15, the wave-guide polarization separation of embodiment of the present invention four and embodiment five and polarization converter as polarization converter in use, can also be from output wave with invertibity, i.e. optical signal
The input of 43 ends is led, sequentially passes through after coupling and the patten transformation between coupling and the patten transformation, and conversion waveguide 42 and input waveguide 41 between output waveguide 43 and conversion waveguide 42, is exported from the end of input waveguide 41.
Specifically, when output waveguide 43 inputs the optical signal of TE0 moulds, by the coupling and conversion between output waveguide 43 and conversion waveguide 42, being converted to TE1 moulds；After the coupling between conversion waveguide 42 and input straight wave guide 412 and patten transformation, TE1 is converted to TM0 moulds and exported from input waveguide 41.Figure 16 and Figure 17, the wave-guide polarization separation of embodiment of the present invention six and polarization converter are referred to, it is similar to embodiment one to three, including input waveguide 61, conversion waveguide 62, and output waveguide 63.The input waveguide 61 includes：For the input straight wave guide 612 of input optical signal, and the curved waveguide 613 being connected with the input straight wave guide 612.The tapered transmission line 625 of straight wave guide 621 and the second conversion straight wave guide 623 is changed in the conversion waveguide 62, including the first conversion conversion straight wave guide 623 of straight wave guide 621, second, and connection described first.Output waveguide 63, including for exporting the straight wave guide output 631 of optical signal.
Difference with itself and embodiment one to three is, coordination electrode 601 is set in the wave-guide polarization separation and the waveguide of polarization converter of embodiment of the present invention six, the effect of coordination electrode 601 is the refractive index for changing waveguide, and its principle formed can be thermode or current injection electrode.By the electric current for controlling coordination electrode 601, thus it is possible to vary the refractive index of waveguide, the effect of harmonic guiding center wavelength is reached.
Coordination electrode 601 can be arranged in the conversion of input straight wave guide 61, first straight wave guide 621, second the conversion straight wave guide 623, and straight wave guide output 63, and coordination electrode number can be one or more..
Refer in Figure 16, embodiment six, coordination electrode 601 is arranged in straight wave guide output 612 and straight wave guide output 631.
Refer in Figure 17, embodiment seven, coordination electrode 601 is arranged in the first conversion straight wave guide 621 and the second conversion straight wave guide 623.Due to the electric current by controlling coordination electrode 601, thus it is possible to vary the refractive index of waveguide, in one embodiment, the electrode 601 is used as polarization selecting switch.That is, by changing the size of current of coordination electrode 601, control includes input waveguide 61 and conversion waveguide 62, or whether carries out energy coupling and patten transformation between conversion waveguide 62 and output waveguide 63.
Finally it should be noted that：The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than its limitations；Although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those within the art that：It can still modify to the technical scheme described in foregoing embodiments, or carry out equivalent substitution to which part technical characteristic；And these modifications or replacement, the essence of appropriate technical solution is departed from the spirit and scope of various embodiments of the present invention technical scheme.
Claims (10)
- Claim1st, a kind of wave-guide polarization separation and polarization converter, including：Input waveguide, including the input straight wave guide for input optical signal；Waveguide, including the first conversion straight wave guide, the second conversion straight wave guide are changed, and the tapered transmission line of straight wave guide and the second conversion straight wave guide is changed in connection described first；The first conversion straight wave guide is disposed adjacent with the input straight wave guide, and is coupled with the input straight wave guide, completes the separation and conversion of the first polarization mode；AndOutput waveguide, including for exporting the straight wave guide output of optical signal, the straight wave guide output is disposed adjacent with the described second conversion straight wave guide, and is coupled with the described second conversion straight wave guide, completes the separation and conversion of the second polarization mode.2nd, wave-guide polarization separation according to claim 1 and polarization converter, it is characterised in that：The effective refractive index of TE1 moulds is identical with the effective refractive index of TM0 moulds in the input straight wave guide in the first conversion straight wave guide；TE1 Effective index is identical with the effective refractive index of TE0 moulds in the output waveguide in the second conversion straight wave guide.3rd, wave-guide polarization separation according to claim 2 and polarization converter, it is characterised in that：The width of the input straight wave guide is the first width, and described first changes the width of straight wave guide into the second width；First width and the second width make it that TE1 Effective indexes are identical with TM0 Effective indexes in the input straight wave guide in the first conversion straight wave guide；The width of the straight wave guide output is the first width, described second changes the width of straight wave guide into the 3rd width, and the 3rd width and the first width make it that TE1 Effective indexes are identical with TE0 Effective indexes in the output waveguide in the second conversion straight wave guide.4th, wave-guide polarization separation according to claim 1 and polarization converter, it is characterised in that：The input waveguide and the output waveguide are located at the same side of the conversion waveguide.5th, wave-guide polarization separation according to claim 1 and polarization converter, it is characterised in that：The input waveguide and the output waveguide are located at the both sides of the conversion waveguide respectively. 6th, wave-guide polarization separation according to claim 1 and polarization converter, it is characterised in that：The input waveguide also includes the curved waveguide being connected with the input straight wave guide, and the curved waveguide is used to separate the coupling between the input straight wave guide and the described first conversion straight wave guide.7th, wave-guide polarization separation according to claim 6 and polarization converter, it is characterised in that：The curved waveguide Wei Round waveguides or S-shaped waveguide.8th, wave-guide polarization separation according to claim 1 and polarization converter, it is characterised in that：The input waveguide, the material of waveguide and output waveguide is changed into silicon, silicon nitride, polymer or semi-conducting material.9th, wave-guide polarization separation according to claim 1 and polarization converter, it is characterised in that：The refractive index of the coating of the input waveguide, conversion waveguide and output waveguide is different from substrate.10th, wave-guide polarization separation according to claim 1 and polarization converter, it is characterised in that：An electrode is at least added in the input straight wave guide, the first conversion straight wave guide, the second conversion straight wave guide, and straight wave guide output；The electrode is used for the effective refractive index of waveguide where changing.11st, wave-guide polarization separation according to claim 10 and polarization converter, it is characterised in that：The electrode is used as polarization selecting switch.
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| PCT/CN2013/090451 WO2015096070A1 (en) | 2013-12-25 | 2013-12-25 | Waveguide polarization splitter and polarization rotator |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
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| WO2015096070A1 (en) | 2015-07-02 |
| JP6198091B2 (en) | 2017-09-20 |
| JP2017504830A (en) | 2017-02-09 |
| CN105829933B (en) | 2019-04-12 |
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