CN105820095B - 乙烯基砜衍生物的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
乙烯基砜衍生物的制备方法,该乙烯基砜衍生物具有通式I的结构,所述制备方法是化合物i与二乙烯基砜在催化剂存在条件下进行反应,其中所述的R选自H或C1‑8烷基;n≥1且n是整数;所述的催化剂选自三芳基膦化合物或含氮杂环化合物。在本发明所选定的催化剂作用下,可以在室温条件下快速反应获得产物。该方法具有条件温和、反应速度快、转化率高等优点,所制备的产品具有耐水解性、耐碱性和反应广谱性等优点,具有很高的应用价值。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一类乙烯基砜衍生物、尤其是聚乙二醇乙烯基砜衍生物的制备方法。
技术背景
聚乙二醇是一类具有独特理化性质的大分子聚合物,它具有良好的水溶性,也能溶于多种有机溶剂。生物分子的聚乙二醇化能够改善其许多方面的性质,如增大在水和有机溶剂中的溶解性、显著调高生物分子的酸碱稳定性和热稳定性、增强其对酶的稳定性等。尤其是药物分子,聚乙二醇化修饰能够提高药物的溶解性和在体内的循环时间,从而提高药物的生物利用率和减少用药次数。
鉴于聚乙二醇化在生物医学中的重要作用,国内外发展了多种聚乙二醇衍生物以实现生物分子的聚乙二醇化。目前最常用的聚乙二醇衍生物包括聚乙二醇琥珀酰亚胺酯和马来酰亚胺酯,分别与生物分子中的氨基和巯基反应。这些反应大多具有专一性,只能与含有固定官能团的生化分子反应。而且,琥珀酰亚胺与马来酰亚胺类化合物在生理条件下易发生水解副反应,不利于生物化学分子聚乙二醇化反应的进行。已有报道的聚乙二醇衍生物还包含聚乙二醇对硝基苯基碳酸酯和聚乙二醇叠氮衍生物等,这些化合物通常价格昂贵,而且部分化合物还需要对生物分子进行前处理。因而,目前亟需一种具有广谱性和耐水解性的聚乙二醇化方法。
乙烯基砜基团由于其具有反应广谱性和强耐水解能力近年来得到了广泛的关注。乙烯基砜基团可以在水溶液中通过控制反应条件分别与巯基、氨基反应,实现对多种生物分子的修饰。而且该基团有较强的耐碱性和耐水解性,在生理环境下有良好的稳定性,成为了一种潜力巨大的分子偶联剂。已有的乙烯基砜引入方法有两类,一类是通过引入巯基乙醇,氧化得到砜基后通过消除反应得到乙烯基砜。该方法过程复杂,且聚乙二醇产物难以分离。另一类是利用氢化钠、叔丁醇钾等强碱通过二乙烯基砜反应引入,该方法需要在无水无氧条件下进行,不适合大规模生产。专利(US 5414135)介绍了一种使用氢氧化钠溶液制备聚乙二醇乙烯基砜衍生物的方法,由于反应体系中水分子的竞争反应,该方法的收率较低,而且产物中存在乙烯基砜基团水解的副产物;此外,产物聚乙二醇难以从水相体系中分离。因此,新的制备方法亟待开发。
发明内容:
本发明首先提供了一类乙烯基砜衍生物的制备方法,该乙烯基砜衍生物具有通式I的结构,所述制备方法是化合物i与二乙烯基砜在催化剂存在条件下进行反应,
通式I和通式i中,所述的R选自H或C1-8烷基;n≥1且n是整数;
所述的催化剂选自三芳基膦化合物或含氮杂环化合物。
本发明提供的乙烯基砜衍生物制备方法使用无溶剂体系或者有机溶剂体系,反应中无副反应发生,目标产物收率高达90%以上。在本发明所选定的催化剂作用下,可以在室温条件下快速反应获得产物。该方法具有条件温和、反应速度快、转化率高等优点,所制备的产品具有耐水解性、耐碱性和反应广谱性等优点,具有着很高的应用价值。该聚乙二醇乙烯基砜衍生物具有高稳定性、反应广谱性和耐水解性,在生物分子聚乙二醇化方面有着很好的应用价值。
附图说明
本发明附图4幅:
图1是不同催化剂催化合成效果对比实验结果。
图2是谷胱甘肽在pH 7.5(a)和8.5(b)条件下与甲基三聚乙二醇乙烯基砜衍生物反应产物质谱检测结果。
图3是CT酶(a),商业化产品聚乙二醇化CT酶(b)和本发明的聚乙二醇化CT酶(c)的凝胶电泳结果;图中,D是CT酶双聚乙二醇化产物条带,S是CT酶单聚乙二醇化产物条带;Z是CT酶条带。
图4是CT酶(A),本发明的甲基聚乙二醇乙烯基砜衍生化CT酶(B)和商业化的甲基聚乙二醇琥珀酰亚胺酯衍生化CT酶(C)在5M尿素溶液中孵育15小时后相对酶活性比较结果。
具体实施方式
本发明旨在提供一类乙烯基砜衍生物的制备方法,该乙烯基砜衍生物具有通式I的结构,所述制备方法是化合物i与二乙烯基砜在催化剂存在条件下进行反应,
上述通式I和通式i中,所述的R选自H或C1-8烷基;n≥1且n是整数。优选n≥2,即所述的通式I的化合物是具有极高工业应用价值的聚乙二醇乙烯基砜衍生物。
所述的催化剂选自三芳基膦化合物或含氮杂环化合物。
作为本发明最重要的发明点之一的催化剂,上述制备方法中所述的三芳基膦类化合物中的芳基未取代或由磺酸基、C1-8烷基任意取代。所述芳基优选苯基。
具体实施方式中,上述制备方法中所述的含氮杂环化合物含有二氮杂环结构或由-NR1R2取代的单氮杂环结构,其中的R1和R2各自独立地选自C1-8烷基。其中的含氮杂环化合物其余部分由H或C1-8烷基任意取代。作为优选,所述的含氮杂环化合物是5-6元含氮杂环化合物。进一步,所述的含氮杂环化合物优选自咪唑、-NR1R2取代的吡咯、嘧啶、-NR1R2取代的吡啶或含双叔胺结构桥环化合物。
更为具体地实施方式中,上述制备方法中所述的催化剂选自三苯基膦,三(4-磺酸基苯基)膦,1-甲基咪唑,1,4-二氮杂二环(DABCO),4-二甲氨基吡啶(DMAP)。最优选DMAP。
进一步的具体实施方式中,本发明的制备方法中,所述催化剂用量为化合物i的物质的量(mol)的1-10%。优选5-10%。
所述的化合物i与二乙烯基砜投料摩尔比为1:3-1:10。优选1:4。
所述的反应温度为20-60℃。优选在室温条件下进行,即25-30℃。
所述的反应时间1-12小时。优选2-6小时。
所述的反应温度条件下液态的化合物i参与的反应体系不使用溶剂;固态的化合物i参与的反应体系使用乙腈溶剂。
下述的实施例仅为进一步说明本发明的内容,不应当被理解为对本发明任意形式的限定。
实施例1
DMAP催化甲基三聚乙二醇乙烯基砜衍生物(n=3)的制备:
取1mL甲基三聚乙二醇(Me-PEG3)溶于4mL二乙烯基砜(DVS)中,加入60mg DMAP,室温条件下反应2小时,柱色谱纯化得到甲基三聚乙二醇乙烯基砜衍生物(收率为93%)。1HNMR(400MHz,D2O):δ6.63(dd,1H,SO2CH=CH2),6.42(d,1H,SO2CH=CH2),6.18(d,1H,SO2CH=CH2),3.91(t,2H,SO2CH2CH2),3.57(t,2H,SO2CH2CH2OCH2),3.48(t,2H,SO2CH2CH2),3.33(m,3H,CH3O),3.63(m,10H,others CH2).
实施例2
三苯基膦催化甲基三聚乙二醇乙烯基砜衍生物(n=3)的制备:
取1mL甲基三聚乙二醇(Me-PEG3)溶于4mL二乙烯基砜(DVS)中,加入125mg三苯基膦,室温条件下反应2小时,柱色谱纯化得到甲基三聚乙二醇乙烯基砜衍生物(收率为76%)。1H NMR(400MHz,D2O):δ6.63(dd,1H,SO2CH=CH2),6.42(d,1H,SO2CH=CH2),6.18(d,1H,SO2CH=CH2),3.91(t,2H,SO2CH2CH2),3.57(t,2H,SO2CH2CH2OCH2),3.48(t,2H,SO2CH2CH2),3.33(m,3H,CH3O),3.63(m,10H,others CH2).
实施例3
1-甲基咪唑催化甲基三聚乙二醇乙烯基砜衍生物(n=3)的制备:
取1mL甲基三聚乙二醇(Me-PEG3)溶于4mL二乙烯基砜(DVS)中,加入40mg 1-甲基咪唑,室温条件下反应2小时,柱色谱纯化得到甲基三聚乙二醇乙烯基砜衍生物(收率32为%)。1H NMR(400MHz,D2O):δ6.63(dd,1H,SO2CH=CH2),6.42(d,1H,SO2CH=CH2),6.18(d,1H,SO2CH=CH2),3.91(t,2H,SO2CH2CH2),3.57(t,2H,SO2CH2CH2OCH2),3.48(t,2H,SO2CH2CH2),3.33(m,3H,CH3O),3.63(m,10H,others CH2).
实施例4
DABCO催化甲基三聚乙二醇乙烯基砜衍生物(n=3)的制备:
取1mL甲基三聚乙二醇(Me-PEG3)溶于4mL二乙烯基砜(DVS)中,加入50mg DABCO,室温条件下反应2小时,柱色谱纯化得到甲基三聚乙二醇乙烯基砜衍生物(收率为8%)。1HNMR(400MHz,D2O):δ6.63(dd,1H,SO2CH=CH2),6.42(d,1H,SO2CH=CH2),6.18(d,1H,SO2CH=CH2),3.91(t,2H,SO2CH2CH2),3.57(t,2H,SO2CH2CH2OCH2),3.48(t,2H,SO2CH2CH2),3.33(m,3H,CH3O),3.63(m,10H,others CH2).
实施例5
DMAP催化乙二醇双乙烯基砜衍生物的制备(n=1):
取620mg乙二醇溶于4.5mL二乙烯基砜(DVS)中,加入60mg DMAP,室温条件下反应2小时,柱色谱纯化得到乙二醇双乙烯基砜衍生物(收率为89%)。1H NMR(400MHz,DCCl3):δ6.63(dd,2H,SO2CH=CH2),6.42(d,2H,SO2CH=CH2),6.18(d,2H,SO2CH=CH2),3.92(t,4H,SO2CH2CH2),3.57(t,4H,SO2CH2CH2OCH2),3.48(t,4H,SO2CH2CH2).
实施例6
DMAP催化六聚乙二醇双乙烯基砜衍生物(n=6)的制备:
取1mL六聚乙二醇溶于6mL DVS中,加入50mg DMAP,室温条件下反应2小时,柱色谱纯化得到六聚乙二醇双乙烯基砜衍生物(收率为91%)。1HNMR(400MHz,D2O):δ6.63(dd,2H,SO2CH=CH2),6.42(d,2H,SO2CH=CH2),6.18(d,2H,SO2CH=CH2),3.92(t,4H,SO2CH2CH2),3.55(t,4H,SO2CH2CH2OCH2),3.48(t,4H,SO2CH2CH2),3.63(m,20H,others CH2).
实施例7
DMAP催化甲基聚乙二醇5000乙烯基砜衍生物的制备:
称取5g甲基聚乙二醇5000溶于20mL乙腈中,加入1mL DVS与10mg DMAP,室温条件下反应6小时,重结晶得到甲基聚乙二醇5000乙烯基砜衍生物(收率为90%)。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ6.63(dd,1H,SO2CH=CH2),6.42(d,1H,SO2CH=CH2),6.18(d,1H,SO2CH=CH2),3.78(t,2H,SO2CH2CH2),3.50(t,2H,SO2CH2CH2),3.38(m,3H,CH3O),3.63(m,284H,others CH2).
实施例8
不同催化剂催化合成效果对比试验结果:
取上述七种化合物作为催化剂:三乙胺、吡啶、3,5-吡啶二甲酸、三乙基二胺(DABCO)、1-甲基咪唑、4-二甲氨基吡啶(DMAP)和三苯基膦,催化剂结构如上图所示。其中三乙胺、吡啶和3,5-吡啶二甲酸为单氮中心催化剂;DABCO、1-甲基咪唑和DMAP为双氮中心杂环催化剂;三苯基膦为磷中心催化剂。取1mL甲基三聚乙二醇(Me-PEG3)溶于4mL二乙烯基砜(DVS)中,分别加入10%(摩尔分数)催化剂,室温条件下反应2小时。使用1H NMR根据SO2CH2CH2峰(3.91ppm)与CH3O峰(3.33ppm)积分面积测定聚乙二醇转化率,结果如图1所示。无催化剂作用时,核磁中未检测到产物,表明该反应在室温条件下难以进行。加入单氮中心催化剂,核磁中也未检测到产物,表明单氮中心催化剂无催化作用或催化效率很低,室温下反应难以进行或反应很慢。加入双氮中心催化剂后,核磁检测到响应的聚乙二醇衍生物,且原料转化率DMAP>1-甲基咪唑>CABCO,表明双氮中心催化剂能催化该反应进行,且催化效率DMAP最高,2小时内转化率高达93.5%。加入三苯基膦催化剂后,2小时内转化率达84.0%,表明三苯基膦也能高效催化该反应的进行,但是催化效率较DMAP低。
实施例9
谷胱甘肽的聚乙二醇化试验:
称取50mg谷胱甘肽分别溶于pH 7.5和8.5的磷酸盐缓冲液中,加入50μL甲基三聚乙二醇乙烯基砜衍生物,室温反应8小时,使用质谱测定产物分子量。结果(图2)表明pH 7.5条件下倾向于生成单聚乙二醇化产物(巯基反应),pH8.5条件下倾向于生成双聚乙二醇化产物(巯基和氨基均反应)。该实验结果表明通过控制反应条件,本方法可以实现巯基与氨基的聚乙二醇化反应。
实施例10
牛胰凝乳蛋白酶的聚乙二醇化试验:
称取2mg牛胰凝乳蛋白酶(CT酶)溶于1mL磷酸盐缓冲液中(pH 8.5),加入50mg甲基聚乙二醇5000乙烯基砜衍生物,25℃反应12小时。对照组加入50mg商业化甲基聚乙二醇5000琥珀酰亚胺酯衍生物,25℃反应30分钟,4℃反应12小时。采用凝胶电泳测定蛋白分子量,结果如图3所示。经过聚乙二醇乙烯基砜衍生物修饰,蛋白分子量增大,表明蛋白分子上成功偶联了聚乙二醇分子。与商业化产品相比,本方法聚乙二醇化产物分布集中,以单聚乙二醇化产品为主。
实施例11
聚乙二醇化的牛胰凝乳蛋白酶在尿素中的稳定性测试:
分别配置CT酶,甲基聚乙二醇5000乙烯基砜衍生化CT酶和商业化的甲基聚乙二醇5000琥珀酰亚胺酯衍生化CT酶溶液(10μg/mL,pH 7.5),分别在5M尿素中孵育15小时,加入酶底物37℃孵育5分钟测定其相对酶活性,结果如图4所示。经过聚乙二醇化的CT酶,其在5M尿素溶液中孵育15小时后相对酶活性比未聚乙二醇化的CT酶高2倍,表明使用本方法聚乙二醇化能明显增强蛋白在碱溶液中的稳定性。且使用本方法聚乙二醇化CT酶与商业化的聚乙二醇琥珀酰亚胺酯相对酶活性相近,表明使用本方法聚乙二醇化对蛋白的保护作用于已有商业产品接近。但是,使用本方法制备的聚乙二醇乙烯基砜衍生物方法简单,条件温和,且产品耐水解,耐碱性强,具有很大的应用潜力。
Claims (4)
1.乙烯基砜衍生物的制备方法,该乙烯基砜衍生物具有通式I的结构,所述制备方法是化合物i与二乙烯基砜在催化剂存在条件下进行反应,
通式I和通式i中,所述的R选自H或C1-8烷基;n≥1且n是整数;
所述的催化剂是DMAP,催化剂用量为化合物i的物质的量的1-10%;
反应温度条件下液态的化合物i参与的反应体系不使用溶剂;固态的化合物i参与的反应体系使用乙腈溶剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的化合物i与二乙烯基砜投料摩尔比为1:3-1:10。
3.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的反应温度为20-60℃。
4.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的反应时间1-12小时。
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