CN105819867B - 一种可电火花加工和机械加工的Si3N4-ZrSi2-BN复相陶瓷材料及制备方法 - Google Patents

一种可电火花加工和机械加工的Si3N4-ZrSi2-BN复相陶瓷材料及制备方法 Download PDF

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CN105819867B
CN105819867B CN201610238971.9A CN201610238971A CN105819867B CN 105819867 B CN105819867 B CN 105819867B CN 201610238971 A CN201610238971 A CN 201610238971A CN 105819867 B CN105819867 B CN 105819867B
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郭伟明
吴利翔
苏国康
游洋
林华泰
伍尚华
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Abstract

本发明属于非氧化物基陶瓷材料领域,公开了一种可电火花加工和机械加工的Si3N4‑ZrSi2‑BN复相陶瓷材料及其制备方法。制备按照以下步骤:以Si3N4粉体、ZrB2粉和硼粉为原料,以MgO和Re2O3为助剂,混合后干燥,得到含助剂的Si3N4‑ZrB2‑B混合粉体;将混合粉体放入模具中,在氮气气氛中按照两步保温法进行反应热压烧结,得到产品。该复相陶瓷材料的相对密度大于95%,弯曲强度50‑1000MPa,断裂韧性2‑10MPa·m1/2,硬度1‑16GPa,由于ZrSi2具有优异导电性能,BN具有良好的机械加工性能,因此该方法制备的复相陶瓷材料同时具备电火花加工性能和机械加工性能。

Description

一种可电火花加工和机械加工的Si3N4-ZrSi2-BN复相陶瓷材 料及制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于非氧化物基陶瓷材料领域,特别涉及一种可电火花加工和机械加工的Si3N4-ZrSi2-BN复相陶瓷材料及制备方法。
背景技术
Si3N4陶瓷具有高强度、高韧性、高导热等优异性能,广泛应用于切削刀具、陶瓷散热基板、机械零部件等领域。由于本身固有的高硬度和高脆性,其机械加工性能较差。BN陶瓷具有类似石墨的层状结构,硬度低,可以进行车、铣、刨、钻等各种车加工。大量的文献报道表明,将BN引入Si3N4陶瓷中,可以显著提高其机械加工性能。
Si3N4陶瓷为非导电陶瓷,通过加入导电相(TiN、TiC等),使其成为良好的导体,可实现电火花加工,改善其复杂形状的加工能力。ZrSi2的电导率为132 ×104·Ω-1·m-1,具有优异的导电性能,然而到目前为止,还未见将ZrSi2引入 Si3N4陶瓷中,实现其电火花加工性能的报道。同时,也还未出现在Si3N4陶瓷中同时加入ZrSi2相和BN相,使其同时具备电火花加工和机械加工性能的报道。本发明拟通过反应热压烧结制备Si3N4-ZrSi2-BN复相陶瓷,使其同时具备电火花加工和机械加工能力,以期进一步改善其复杂形状的加工能力。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术的缺点与不足,本发明的首要目的在于提供一种可电火花加工和机械加工的Si3N4-ZrSi2-BN复相陶瓷材料的制备方法。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种利用上述制备方法制备得到的可电火花加工和机械加工的Si3N4-ZrSi2-BN复相陶瓷材料。
本发明的目的通过下述技术方案实现:
一种可电火花加工和机械加工的Si3N4-ZrSi2-BN复相陶瓷材料的制备方法,包括以下操作步骤:
(1)以Si3N4粉体、ZrB2粉和硼粉为原料,以MgO和Re2O3为助剂,将原料和助剂混合后干燥,得到含MgO-Re2O3助剂的Si3N4-ZrB2-B混合粉体;其中 Re2O3中的Re为Sc、Y、La、Ce、Pr、Nd、Pm、Sm、Eu、Gd、Tb、Dy、Ho、 Er、Tm、Yb、Lu中的任意一种;
(2)将步骤(1)所得含MgO-Re2O3助剂的Si3N4-ZrB2-B混合粉体放入模具中,在氮气气氛中按照两步保温法进行反应热压烧结,得到可电火花加工和机械加工的Si3N4-ZrSi2-BN复相陶瓷材料。
步骤(1)所述Si3N4粉体的纯度>98%,粒径<2μm;所述ZrB2粉的纯度>98%,粒径<2μm;所述硼粉的纯度>96%,粒径<1μm。
步骤(1)所述原料和助剂的质量分数分别为90-99%和1-10%,优选95%和 5%;所述原料中的Si3N4粉体、ZrB2粉和硼粉的质量分数分别为48.9-93.8%、5.8-48.0%和0.4-3.1%,优选为70.4%、27.8%和1.8%;所述助剂中的MgO和Re2O3的质量分数分别为1-99%和1-99%,优选为50%和50%。
步骤(1)所述混合具体按照以下步骤:以乙醇为溶剂,以Si3N4陶瓷研磨球为球磨介质,在辊式球磨机上混合4~48h,优选为24h。
步骤(2)所述两步保温法包括以下步骤:
第一步:以5~50℃/min的升温速率将温度升至1500~1700℃保温1~4h,获得Si3N4-ZrSi2-BN复合粉体;
第二步:以5~20℃/min的升温速率将温度升至1600~1900℃,并在20~ 30MPa的压力下热压烧结1~4h,即得可电火花加工和机械加工的Si3N4-ZrSi2-BN 复相陶瓷材料。
优选地,步骤(2)所述两步保温法包括以下步骤:
第一步:以20℃/min的升温速率将温度升至1600℃保温2h,获得 Si3N4-ZrSi2-BN复合粉体;
第二步:以10℃/min的升温速率将温度升至1700℃,并在30MPa的压力下热压烧结1h,即得可电火花加工和机械加工的Si3N4-ZrSi2-BN复相陶瓷材料。
一种由上述制备方法制备得到的可电火花加工和机械加工的Si3N4-ZrSi2-BN 复相陶瓷材料,该Si3N4-ZrSi2-BN复相陶瓷材料的相对密度大于95%,弯曲强度 50-1000MPa,断裂韧性2-10MPa·m1/2,硬度1-16GPa。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下优点及有益效果:
(1)本发明制备方法,创造性地使用了Si3N4、ZrB2和硼粉(B)为原料,通过反应烧结生成了导电ZrSi2相和层状BN相,使Si3N4基陶瓷同时具备了电火花加工能力和机械加工能力。
(2)本发明所用的原料组分可调;本发明通过结合两步保温法的反应热压烧结,可让ZrSi2和BN相更均匀分布在Si3N4基体中,更有利于改善Si3N4的加工性能。该制备工艺简单,容易实现,在Si3N4-ZrSi2-BN复相陶瓷的制备上具备实际的应用价值。
(3)本发明得到的Si3N4-ZrSi2-BN复相陶瓷材料,陶瓷材料显微结构均匀,粒径小,性能优良,且价格便宜,通过反应热压烧结在1600~1900℃之间制备出相对密度大于95%,弯曲强度50-1000MPa,断裂韧性2-10MPa·m1/2,硬度 1-16GPa,同时具备电火花加工性能和机械加工性能。
附图说明
图1为Si3N4-ZrSi2-BN复相陶瓷的XRD图。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步详细的描述,但本发明的实施方式不限于此。
实施例1
Si3N4-ZrSi2-BN复相陶瓷的制备,具体方法如下:
(1)以Si3N4粉(纯度为96%,粒径<1μm)、ZrB2(纯度为99%,粒径为 40nm)和硼(纯度为99%,粒径为<1μm)为原料,加入MgO-Y2O3助剂进行配料,其中原料和助剂的质量分数比为95%和5%,Si3N4、ZrB2和B的质量分数比为70.4%、27.8%和1.8%,MgO和Y2O3的质量分数比为50%和50%,以乙醇为溶剂,以Si3N4球为球磨介质,在辊式球磨机上混合24h,经混料、干燥后,得到含MgO-Y2O3助剂的Si3N4-ZrB2-B混合粉体。
(2)将含MgO-Y2O3助剂的Si3N4-ZrB2-B混合粉体放入内壁表面涂覆BN的石墨模具中,按照两步保温法进行反应热压烧结,所述两步保温法包括:将含 MgO-Y2O3助剂的Si3N4-ZrB2-B混合粉体以20℃/min的升温速率将温度升至 1600℃保温2h,获得Si3N4-ZrSi2-BN复合粉体;然后以10℃/min的升温速度将温度升到1700℃,并在30MPa的压力下热压烧结1h,即得可电火花加工和机械加工的Si3N4-ZrSi2-BN复相陶瓷材料。
本实施例制备得到的陶瓷材料的相对密度达到99%。其XRD图谱如图1所示。材料的硬度为4GPa,断裂韧性为4MPa·m1/2,弯曲强度为300MPa。
实施例2
(1)以Si3N4粉(纯度为96%,粒径<1μm)、ZrB2(纯度为99%,粒径为 40nm)和硼(纯度为99%,粒径为<1μm)为原料,加入MgO-Y2O3助剂进行配料,其中原料和助剂的质量分数比为90%和10%,Si3N4、ZrB2和B的质量分数比为70.4%、27.8%和1.8%,MgO和Y2O3的质量分数比为50%和50%,以乙醇为溶剂,以Si3N4球为球磨介质,在辊式球磨机上混合24h,经混料、干燥后,得到含MgO-Y2O3助剂的Si3N4-ZrB2-B混合粉体。
(2)将含MgO-Y2O3助剂的Si3N4-ZrB2-B混合粉体放入内壁表面涂覆BN的石墨模具中,按照两步保温法进行反应热压烧结,所述两步保温法包括:将含 MgO-Y2O3助剂的Si3N4-ZrB2-B混合粉体以20℃/min的升温速率将温度升至 1600℃保温2h,获得Si3N4-ZrSi2-BN复合粉体;然后以10℃/min的升温速度将温度升到1650℃,并在30MPa的压力下热压烧结1h,即得可电火花加工和机械加工的Si3N4-ZrSi2-BN复相陶瓷材料。
本实施例制备所得陶瓷材料的相对密度为99%。材料的硬度为3.5GPa,断裂韧性为4MPa·m1/2,弯曲强度为280MPa。
实施例3
原料和助剂的质量分数比为95%和5%,Si3N4、ZrB2和B的质量分数比为 83%、16%和1%,MgO和Y2O3的质量分数比为50%和50%,按照实施例1方法制备Si3N4-ZrSi2-BN复相陶瓷,其中,配料辊式球磨机上混合24h;其中,两步保温法具体为:第一步,升温速率为20℃/min,温度升至1600℃,保温2h;第二步,升温速率为10℃/min,充入氮气并升温至1750℃,同时施加30MPa的压力,保温保压1h,得到可电火花加工和机械加工的Si3N4-ZrSi2-BN复相陶瓷材料。制备所得陶瓷材料的相对密度为98%,材料的硬度为8GPa,断裂韧性为5MPa·m1/2,弯曲强度为450MPa。
实施例4
原料和助剂的质量分数比为95%和5%,Si3N4、ZrB2和B的质量分数比为 57.5%、40%和2.5%,MgO和Y2O3的质量分数比为50%和50%,按照实施例1 方法制备Si3N4-ZrSi2-BN复相陶瓷,其中,配料辊式球磨机上混合24h;其中,两步保温法具体为:第一步,升温速率为20℃/min,温度升至1600℃,保温2h;第二步,升温速率为10℃/min,充入氮气并升温至1800℃,同时施加30MPa的压力,保温保压1h,得到可电火花加工和机械加工的Si3N4-ZrSi2-BN复相陶瓷材料。制备所得陶瓷材料的相对密度为98%,材料的硬度为2GPa,断裂韧性为3MPa·m1/2,弯曲强度为150MPa。
实施例5
原料和助剂的质量分数比为95%和5%,Si3N4、ZrB2和B的质量分数比为83%、16%和1%,MgO和Y2O3的质量分数比为50%和50%,按照实施例1方法制备 Si3N4-ZrSi2-BN复相陶瓷,其中,配料辊式球磨机上混合24h;其中,两步保温法具体为:第一步,升温速率为20℃/min,温度升至1700℃,保温2h;第二步,升温速率为10℃/min,充入氮气并升温至1800℃,同时施加30MPa的压力,保温保压1h,得到可电火花加工和机械加工的Si3N4-ZrSi2-BN复相陶瓷材料。制备所得陶瓷材料的相对密度为99%,材料的硬度为10GPa,断裂韧性为6MPa·m1/2,弯曲强度为550MPa。
实施例6
原料和助剂的质量分数比为95%和5%,Si3N4、ZrB2和B的质量分数比为 70.4%、27.8%和1.8%,MgO和Lu2O3的质量分数比为50%和50%,按照实施例1 方法制备Si3N4-ZrSi2-BN复相陶瓷,其中,配料辊式球磨机上混合24h;其中,两步保温法具体为:第一步,升温速率为20℃/min,温度升至1600℃,保温2h;第二步,升温速率为10℃/min,充入氮气并升温至1700℃,同时施加30MPa的压力,保温保压1h,得到可电火花加工和机械加工的Si3N4-ZrSi2-BN复相陶瓷材料。制备所得陶瓷材料的相对密度为99%,材料的硬度为4GPa,断裂韧性为2MPa·m1/2,弯曲强度为250MPa。
实施例7
原料和助剂的质量分数比为95%和5%,Si3N4、ZrB2和B的质量分数比为 70.4%、27.8%和1.8%,MgO和Eu2O3的质量分数比为50%和50%,按照实施例1 方法制备Si3N4-ZrSi2-BN复相陶瓷,其中,配料辊式球磨机上混合24h;其中,两步保温法具体为:第一步,升温速率为20℃/min,温度升至1600℃,保温2h;第二步,升温速率为10℃/min,充入氮气并升温至1700℃,同时施加30MPa的压力,保温保压1h,得到可电火花加工和机械加工的Si3N4-ZrSi2-BN复相陶瓷材料。制备所得陶瓷材料的相对密度为98%,材料的硬度为3GPa,断裂韧性为3MPa·m1/2,弯曲强度为350MPa。
上述实施例为本发明较佳的实施方式,但本发明的实施方式并不受上述实施例的限制,其他的任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化,均应为等效的置换方式,都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (8)

1.一种可电火花加工和机械加工的Si3N4-ZrSi2-BN复相陶瓷材料的制备方法,其特征在于包括以下操作步骤:
(1)以Si3N4粉体、ZrB2粉和硼粉为原料,以MgO和Re2O3为助剂,将原料和助剂混合后干燥,得到含MgO-Re2O3助剂的Si3N4-ZrB2-B混合粉体;其中Re2O3中的Re为Sc、Y、La、Ce、Pr、Nd、Pm、Sm、Eu、Gd、Tb、Dy、Ho、Er、Tm、Yb、Lu中的任意一种;
(2)将步骤(1)所得含MgO-Re2O3助剂的Si3N4-ZrB2-B混合粉体放入模具中,在氮气气氛中按照两步保温法进行反应热压烧结,得到可电火花加工和机械加工的Si3N4-ZrSi2-BN复相陶瓷材料;
所述两步保温法包括以下步骤:
第一步:以5~50℃/min的升温速率将温度升至1500~1700℃保温1~4h,获得Si3N4-ZrSi2-BN复合粉体;
第二步:以5~20℃/min的升温速率将温度升至1600~1900℃,并在20~30MPa的压力下热压烧结1~4h,即得可电火花加工和机械加工的Si3N4-ZrSi2-BN复相陶瓷材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种可电火花加工和机械加工的Si3N4-ZrSi2-BN复相陶瓷材料的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)所述Si3N4粉体的纯度>98%,粒径<2μm;所述ZrB2粉的纯度>98%,粒径<2μm;所述硼粉的纯度>96%,粒径<1μm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种可电火花加工和机械加工的Si3N4-ZrSi2-BN复相陶瓷材料的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)所述原料和助剂的质量分数分别为90-99%和1-10%;所述原料中的Si3N4粉体、ZrB2粉和硼粉的质量分数分别为48.9-93.8%、5.8-48.0%和0.4-3.1%;所述助剂中的MgO和Re2O3的质量分数分别为1-99%和1-99%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种可电火花加工和机械加工的Si3N4-ZrSi2-BN复相陶瓷材料的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)所述原料和助剂的质量分数分别为95%和5%;所述原料中的Si3N4粉体、ZrB2粉和硼粉的质量分数分别为70.4%、27.8%和1.8%;所述助剂中的MgO和Re2O3的质量分数分别为50%和50%。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种可电火花加工和机械加工的Si3N4-ZrSi2-BN复相陶瓷材料的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)所述混合具体按照以下步骤:以乙醇为溶剂,以Si3N4陶瓷研磨球为球磨介质,在辊式球磨机上混合4~48h。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种可电火花加工和机械加工的Si3N4-ZrSi2-BN复相陶瓷材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述混合的时间为24h。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种可电火花加工和机械加工的Si3N4-ZrSi2-BN复相陶瓷材料的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)所述两步保温法包括以下步骤:
第一步:以20℃/min的升温速率将温度升至1600℃保温2h,获得Si3N4-ZrSi2-BN复合粉体;
第二步:以10℃/min的升温速率将温度升至1700℃,并在30MPa的压力下热压烧结1h,即得可电火花加工和机械加工的Si3N4-ZrSi2-BN复相陶瓷材料。
8.一种根据权利要求1-7任一项所述制备方法制备得到的可电火花加工和机械加工的Si3N4-ZrSi2-BN复相陶瓷材料,其特征在于:所述Si3N4-ZrSi2-BN复相陶瓷材料的相对密度大于95%,弯曲强度50-1000MPa,断裂韧性2-10MPa·m1/2,硬度1-16GPa。
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