CN105818692B - 用于插入式车辆的充电装置以及插入式车辆 - Google Patents

用于插入式车辆的充电装置以及插入式车辆 Download PDF

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CN105818692B
CN105818692B CN201610045785.3A CN201610045785A CN105818692B CN 105818692 B CN105818692 B CN 105818692B CN 201610045785 A CN201610045785 A CN 201610045785A CN 105818692 B CN105818692 B CN 105818692B
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D·斯潘塞
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Dr Ing HCF Porsche AG
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Abstract

本发明提供一种充电装置，该充电装置具有以下特征：多个功率部件(12，22)，这些功率部件用于将多相供电系统电压(32)变换成车辆端高电压(34)，其中每个功率部件(12，22)都被连接到该供电系统电压(32)的一个相上；以及一个紧急充电模块，该紧急充电模块用于将这些功率部件(12，22)中的一个功率部件切换到该供电系统电压(32)的另一个相上，该紧急充电模块被设计的方式为使得当连接到其他相上的功率部件(12，22)发生故障时该紧急充电模块进行切换。本发明还提供一种相应的插入式车辆。

Description

用于插入式车辆的充电装置以及插入式车辆
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于插入式车辆的充电装置。本发明还涉及一种相应的插入式车辆。
背景技术
被用作驱动电动车辆或混合动力车辆的能量存储器的多个单独的次级元件或块的互连安排在汽车工程中被称为行驶用蓄电池、循环蓄电池或牵引用蓄电池。在这种情况下，现有技术包括尤其是所谓的插入式车辆，插入式车辆可以借助于一根充电缆线连接至固定的供电系统用以对其牵引用蓄电池再次充电。
US 2014/0217814 A1披露了用于这种插入式车辆的可量测的高压充电及检测系统。这种已知的系统包括一根高压母线、一个并联的继电器组和一个控制装置。该并联的继电器组包括两个或两个以上的继电器，这些继电器彼此并联连接并且电耦合至该高压母线。该控制装置是程控的，以便当检测到继电器组中的继电器之一发生故障时调整流经该并联的继电器组的电流。该系统可以包括一个高压电源，该高压电源借助于该并联的继电器组电耦合至该高压母线，其中，该控制装置通过减少该高压电源的输出来减小流经该并联的继电器组的电流。该系统可以包括一个高压电机，该高压电机通过该并联的继电器组而电耦合至该高压母线，其中，该控制装置通过减少由该电机所需要的功率来减小流经该并联的继电器组的电流。
在这方面，US 2012/0123622 A1披露了一种用于机动车辆的控制设备，该控制设备具有：一个马达，该马达被设计用于驱动车轮；一个高压电池，该高压电池被设计用于将电力供应至该马达；以及一个电池充电装置，该电池充电装置被设计成使用位于该机动车辆外部的一个电源装置对该高压电池充电。该控制设备进一步地：具有一个故障检测单元，该故障检测单元被设计用于检测特定故障；并且还具有一个驱动阻止单元，该驱动阻止单元被设计用于阻止该机动车辆被驱动。在开始驱动该机动车辆之前在初始检查过程中由该故障检测单元检测到故障时，以及当使用位于该机动车辆外部的电源来对高压电池充电并紧接着初始检查时，该驱动阻止单元阻止该机动车辆被驱动。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种用于插入式车辆的充电装置，并且还提供了一种根据下述10所述的相应的插入式车辆。
在构成了该充电装置的各电压轨的独立功率部件的灵活构型中可以找到这种解决方案的一个优点。在这种情况下，每个功率部件都被连接到一个多相固定供电系统电压的一个相上并且将所述供电系统电压变换为车辆端高电压。然而，根据本发明，如果需要，功率部件可以切换到该供电系统电压的另一个相上。一旦该功率部件当前被连接到有问题的故障相上，就通过对应的控制模块自动激活这个特殊的紧急充电模式。本领域技术人员由其他技术领域已知了一种称作跛行模式(Limp-Home-Modus)的类似的紧急操作模式，在该紧急操作模式中，一个技术部分在有限的时间内、甚至在无规律的条件下也可以执行其特定任务以便保持运行。
为此，根据本发明的担负责任的紧急充电模块在诊断各个单独的电压轨之后确定每个功能性电压轨的最大可用充电功率，并且在讨论的功率部件事故或有缺陷的情况下提供所描述的紧急功能，虽然如此，该紧急功能允许由固定的供电系统以减少的功率对该牵引用蓄电池进行充电。例如，在电压轨事故的情况中，通过选择一个仍有功能性的功率部件而自动产生了从三相电流到230伏特的切换。因此，尽管有缺陷的硬件，但以适度的功率减小为代价，实现了具有最佳能量充电平衡的最大可能可用性的目标，而无需将插入式车辆带去汽车修理厂。
总之，本发明包括下述1和10的技术方案，下述2-9指明了本发明实施方案的进一步的有利改进。
1.一种用于插入式车辆的充电装置(10)，
其特征为以下特征：
-多个功率部件(12，22)，这些功率部件用于将多相供电系统电压(32)变换成车辆端高电压(34)，其中每个功率部件(12，22)都被连接到该供电系统电压(32)的一个相上，以及
-一个紧急充电模块，该紧急充电模块用于将这些功率部件(12，22)中的一个功率部件切换到该供电系统电压(32)的另一个相上，该紧急充电模块被设计的方式为使得当连接到其他相上的功率部件(12，22)发生故障时该紧急充电模块进行切换。
2.如上述1所述的充电装置(10)，
其特征为以下特征：
-该充电装置(10)包括三个功率部件(12，22)并且
-该供电系统电压(32)具有三个相。
3.如上述1或2所述的充电装置(10)，
其特征在于
这些功率部件(12，22)被设计的方式为使得该充电装置(10)输出7.2kW的充电功率。
4.如上述1至3之一所述的充电装置(10)，
其特征在于
该紧急充电模块在各自情况下包括以下功能块中的至少一个功能块：
-一个第一功能块，该第一功能块用于监测这些功率部件(12，22)以及
-一个第二功能块，该第二功能块用于停用发生故障的功率部件(12，22)。
5.如上述4所述的充电装置(10)，
其特征在于
该第一功能块被设计的方式为使得对这些功率部件(12，22)的监测包括对每个功率部件(12，22)的以下运行参数中的至少一个运行参数进行估算：
-能量通过量，或者
-运行温度。
6.如上述4或5所述的充电装置(10)，
其特征在于
该第一功能块被设计的方式为使得对这些功率部件(12，22)的监测包括对该插入式车辆的冷却剂温度进行估算。
7.如上述4至6之一所述的充电装置(10)，
其特征在于
该紧急充电模块进一步包括用于提供诊断信息的一个第三功能块。
8.如上述7所述的充电装置(10)，
其特征在于
该第三功能块被设计的方式为使得该诊断信息包括以下特征值中的至少一个特征值：
-每个功率部件(12，22)的可用功率，或者
-该充电装置(10)的总的可用功率。
9.如上述7或8所述的充电装置(10)，
其特征在于
该第三功能块被设计的方式为使得该诊断信息由以下方式之一来提供：
-借助于该插入式车辆的一个人/机界面，
-借助于一个应用，或者
-通过将该诊断信息传送到一个客户服务中心。
10.一种插入式车辆，
其特征为以下特征：
-一个电动机，该电动机用于驱动该插入式车辆，
-一个牵引用蓄电池，该牵引用蓄电池被电连接至该电动机，用于将高电压(34)供应至该电动机，以及
-如上述1至9之一所述的充电装置(10)，该充电装置用于从一个多相供电系统电压(32)对该牵引用蓄电池进行充电。
附图说明
本发明的一个示例性实施例在附图中展示并将在下文中进行更详细的说明。
这个单一视图示出了车辆中的7.2kW的充电装置的电路图。
具体实施方式
附图展示了根据本发明的用于插入式车辆的充电装置10的示意性设计。所示的充电装置10包括两个功率部件12、22，这些功率部件用于将两相供应系统电压32变换为车辆端高压34，其中每个功率部件12、22都被连接到该供电系统电压32的两个相之一上。这些功率部件12、22各自除了中央直流转换器16、26之外还包括一个上游有源谐波滤波器14、24以及一个下游整流器18、28，并且这些功率部件各自被设计的方式为使得充电装置10输出7.2kW的总的充电功率。
除了概述的功率部件12、22之外，充电装置10还包括紧急充电模块(未在图中展示出)，该紧急充电模块对本发明是必不可少的并且收集不同的诊断信息并且实施相应的运行策略。因此，紧急充电模块的第一功能块用于监测这些功率部件12、22。为此，该第一功能块估算多个运行参数，例如，该插入式车辆的冷却剂温度、这两个功率部件12、22的能量通过量或运行温度。一旦这些特征值表明这些功率部件12、22之一发生故障，该紧急充电模块的第二功能块就停用发生故障的功率部件12、22并且将余下的功率部件22、12切换到合适的电压轨上。
该紧急充电模块的第三功能块以一种极广泛多样的方式提供诊断信息，所述诊断信息可能包括，例如，各个功率部件12、22的可用功率或充电装置10的总的可用功率。多个实例包括，例如，该插入式车辆的一个人/机界面、合适的应用或者将诊断信息(如果需要可以包括替换建议)传送至一个客户服务中心。

Claims (10)

1.一种用于插入式车辆的充电装置(10)，
其特征为以下特征：
-多个功率部件(12，22)，这些功率部件用于将多相供电系统电压(32)变换成车辆端高电压(34)，其中每个功率部件(12，22)都被连接到该供电系统电压(32)的一个相上，以及
-一个紧急充电模块，该紧急充电模块用于将这些功率部件(12，22)中的一个功率部件切换到该供电系统电压(32)的另一个相上，该紧急充电模块被设计的方式为使得当连接到其他相上的功率部件(12，22)发生故障时该紧急充电模块进行切换。
2.如权利要求1所述的充电装置(10)，
其特征为以下特征：
-该充电装置(10)包括三个功率部件(12，22)并且
-该供电系统电压(32)具有三个相。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的充电装置(10)，
其特征在于
这些功率部件(12，22)被设计的方式为使得该充电装置(10)输出7.2kW的充电功率。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的充电装置(10)，
其特征在于
该紧急充电模块在各自情况下包括以下功能块中的至少一个功能块：
-一个第一功能块，该第一功能块用于监测这些功率部件(12，22)以及
-一个第二功能块，该第二功能块用于停用发生故障的功率部件(12，22)。
5.如权利要求4所述的充电装置(10)，
其特征在于
该第一功能块被设计的方式为使得对这些功率部件(12，22)的监测包括对每个功率部件(12，22)的以下运行参数中的至少一个运行参数进行估算：
-能量通过量，或者
-运行温度。
6.如权利要求4所述的充电装置(10)，
其特征在于
该第一功能块被设计的方式为使得对这些功率部件(12，22)的监测包括对该插入式车辆的冷却剂温度进行估算。
7.如权利要求4所述的充电装置(10)，
其特征在于
该紧急充电模块进一步包括用于提供诊断信息的一个第三功能块。
8.如权利要求7所述的充电装置(10)，
其特征在于
该第三功能块被设计的方式为使得该诊断信息包括以下特征值中的至少一个特征值：
-每个功率部件(12，22)的可用功率，或者
-该充电装置(10)的总的可用功率。
9.如权利要求7或8所述的充电装置(10)，
其特征在于
该第三功能块被设计的方式为使得该诊断信息由以下方式之一来提供：
-借助于该插入式车辆的一个人/机界面，
-借助于一个应用，或者
-通过将该诊断信息传送到一个客户服务中心。
10.一种插入式车辆，
其特征为以下特征：
-一个电动机，该电动机用于驱动该插入式车辆，
-一个牵引用蓄电池，该牵引用蓄电池被电连接至该电动机，用于将高电压(34)供应至该电动机，以及
-如权利要求1至9之一所述的充电装置(10)，该充电装置用于从一个多相供电系统电压(32)对该牵引用蓄电池进行充电。
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