CN105817461A - High-added-value resource utilization device for waste circuit board electronic components - Google Patents
High-added-value resource utilization device for waste circuit board electronic components Download PDFInfo
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- CN105817461A CN105817461A CN201610168268.5A CN201610168268A CN105817461A CN 105817461 A CN105817461 A CN 105817461A CN 201610168268 A CN201610168268 A CN 201610168268A CN 105817461 A CN105817461 A CN 105817461A
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- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims description 57
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims description 57
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910006295 Si—Mo Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 56
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 56
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 50
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 23
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 14
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 43
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 23
- 238000007158 vacuum pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 21
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 20
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 7
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 5
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 241000772415 Neovison vison Species 0.000 description 4
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010793 electronic waste Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000036626 Mental retardation Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 241001597008 Nomeidae Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- GALOTNBSUVEISR-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum;silicon Chemical compound [Mo]#[Si] GALOTNBSUVEISR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006396 nitration reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- PXXKQOPKNFECSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum rhodium Chemical compound [Rh].[Pt] PXXKQOPKNFECSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 2
- FGRBYDKOBBBPOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 10,10-dioxo-2-[4-(N-phenylanilino)phenyl]thioxanthen-9-one Chemical compound O=C1c2ccccc2S(=O)(=O)c2ccc(cc12)-c1ccc(cc1)N(c1ccccc1)c1ccccc1 FGRBYDKOBBBPOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- JQJCSZOEVBFDKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead zinc Chemical compound [Zn].[Pb] JQJCSZOEVBFDKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011017 operating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009853 pyrometallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/40—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving thermal treatment, e.g. evaporation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B5/00—Operations not covered by a single other subclass or by a single other group in this subclass
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/82—Recycling of waste of electrical or electronic equipment [WEEE]
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a high-added-value resource utilization device for waste circuit board electronic components. The high-added-value resource utilization device comprises a vacuum heating device, a plurality of tandem condensers, storage tanks, a vacuum pump and a gas collection bottle. The upper portion of the end of the vacuum heating device is connected with the condensers through a conveying pipeline. A valve is arranged on the conveying pipeline between the vacuum heating device and the condensers. The storage tanks are connected to the bottoms of the corresponding condensers. The gas collection bottle is connected with the last condenser through the conveying pipeline. The vacuum pump is arranged on the conveying pipeline located at the tail end of the condensers and between the gas collection bottle and the corresponding condenser and communicates with the whole device. By adopting the device, the waste circuit board electronic components can be used as raw materials, various pyrolytic oil gases and various elemental metals are obtained finally, and accordingly high-added-value resource utilization of the waste circuit board electronic components is realized. Moreover, the process is simple, and the recovery efficiency is high; the added value of recycled metallic and nonmetallic resources is high, secondary pollutant emission is avoided, and the device has remarkable economic benefits and environmental benefits.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to solid waste resource recovery technical field.More particularly, to the device of a kind of waste and old circuit board electronic devices and components high added value resource, the device that in a kind of efficient waste and old circuit board electronic devices and components, metal and nonmetal high added value resource reclaim.
Background technology
Along with development and the quickening of electronic product update speed of information technology, the increasing waste and old electric in the whole world and electric equipment are eliminated, and form substantial amounts of electronic waste.Annual about 2,000 ten thousand to 5,000 ten thousand tons of Waste ammunition are dropped, and with the speed increment of 3%～5%.And waste elements is primarily present on the circuit board in various electronic waste, along with its storage of growth of electronic waste is also being continuously increased.Containing many kinds of substance in waste elements, such as Titanium, stannum etc. and gas chromatography pollutant etc..If not recycled, being not only the waste of a kind of resource, also environment can be caused the biggest pollution.
At present, domestic the recycling of waste and old electric components and parts is mainly burned after again residue is carried out wet method or pyrometallurgy, extract metal therein；But, this kind of method is the most original, and major part burning process is outdoor carrying out, and can not meet, to the substantial amounts of pollutant of environmental emission, the theory that present stage green produces.Additionally, patent ZL200910091995.6 " recovery of waste electronic element and reuse method ", proposing a kind of new recovery method for metal in waste electronic element, the method can obtain sampling of a relatively high metal concentrate, and basic non-secondary pollution；But.Owing to the metal concentrate of its gained is the mixture of various metals, follow-up separating treatment is cumbersome, and added value is the highest, and the Non-metallic components in waste and old electric components and parts does not carry out efficient recovery, is unfavorable for Industry Promotion.
At present, there are no the relevant report of waste and old circuit board electronic devices and components high added value recycling unit, so, for improving organic efficiency and the added value of metal in waste and old electric components and parts, and reduce its injury in removal process, environment caused as far as possible, need metal and the device of nonmetal resource in a kind of novel waste and old circuit board electronic devices and components badly.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is defect and the deficiency overcoming existing waste and old electric components and parts application technology as the second resource again, the device that in a kind of waste and old circuit board electronic devices and components, metal and nonmetal high added value resource reclaim is provided, it is through vacuum pyrolysis and vacuum metallurgy in the electronic devices and components feeder after crushing, make the most nonmetal pyrolysis, Metal gasification, separate to reach the device that high added value reclaims by them by fractional condensaion again, to realize metal and nonmetal green high added value recovery in waste and old circuit board electronic devices and components, and this device is simple to operate, organic efficiency is high, environmental protection, metal and nonmetallic high added value resource in waste and old circuit board electronic devices and components can be realized, there is significant economic benefit and environmental benefit.
Above-mentioned purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
The device of a kind of waste and old circuit board electronic devices and components high added value resource, including vacuum heater 1, valve 2, the condenser 3 of several series connection, holding vessel 4, vacuum pump 5, gas collecting bottle 6；The end upper of described vacuum heater 1 is connected with condenser 3 by conveyance conduit, and valve 2 is arranged on the conveyance conduit between vacuum heater 1 and condenser 3；Holding vessel 4 is connected to the bottom of condenser 3, gas collecting bottle 6 is connected with last condenser 3 by conveyance conduit, vacuum pump 5 is arranged on the conveyance conduit between condenser tail end, gas collecting bottle 6 and condenser 3, connect with whole device, it is ensured that all in vacuum state in vacuum heater and condenser.
It is further preferred that described vacuum heater 1 is internally provided with thermocouple 9 and vacuometer 10.
Preferably, each condenser 3 is internal is additionally provided with thermocouple 8.
It is highly preferred that above-mentioned thermocouple 8 and thermocouple 9 are K-type double platinum rhodium thermocouple.
Thermocouple 9 within described vacuum heater 1 has two, and on the inwall of a burner hearth being fixed on vacuum heater, another puts in inside, is suspended from the middle part of the burner hearth of vacuum heater.
Preferably, described vacuum heater 1 is internal is additionally provided with Si-Mo rod 11 and the alundum tube 12 being distributed in inwall.The heating element heater of described vacuum heater 1 uses high quality silicon molybdenum bar and the temperature automatically controlled combination of PID, it is ensured that the maximum temperature in vacuum heater can reach the boiling point under the conditions of required recovery metal vacuum.
Further, described Si-Mo rod 11 is looped around outside alundum tube 12, and alundum tube holds carbon dust as Heated container.The most described alundum tube 12 is positioned at the top layer of vacuum heater 1 inwall, and Si-Mo rod 11 is positioned at intermediate layer.
Preferably, described gas collecting bottle 6 is provided with vacuometer 13.
Above-mentioned vacuometer 10 and vacuometer 13 all use ionization vacuum ga(u)ge, measurement scope to be 10-4-102Handkerchief.
Preferably, including total six sets being sequentially connected in series of condensation one of condenser 3 and holding vessel 4, respectively one-level condensation, B-grade condensation, three grades of condensations, level Four condensation, Pyatyi condensation, six grades of condensations.First three grade realizes the condensation separation of metallic vapour, and latter three grades are pyrolyzed oil gas for condensation liquefaction.
Preferably, each condenser 3 is individually furnished with circulating water pipeline 7.
The vacuum pyrolysis stage only has rear three grades of condenser working, is used for condensing sorting pyrolysis oil (the vacuum pyrolysis stage needs lasts long enough, to ensure that nonmetallic ingredient can fully be pyrolyzed)；First three grade of condenser when entering the vacuum metallurgy stage that continue to heat up is started working again, is used for condensing sorting metal vapors, and these three grades of condensations need to guarantee metallic vapour total condensation, it is to avoid enters rear three grades of condensations and pollutes pyrolysis oil therein.
Furthermore it is preferred that the bottom of described vacuum heater 1 is additionally provided with solid residue storage tank 14, in vacuum heater 1, remaining solid residue enters solid residue storage tank 14 by the suction of air pump 15.
It is highly preferred that be provided with 3 temperature monitoring points on described condenser 3, lay respectively at condenser-air exit, middle part, collecting condensation mouth.Condensers at different levels can work alone, and is designed with temperature detecting point in condenser, can monitor condenser internal temperature in real time.
Described vacuum pump 5 is made up of forepump and oil diffusion pump, and in holding means, mental retardation reaches 6.7 × 10-3Handkerchief vacuum.
The heating system of this device can control vacuum drying oven and carry out two-stage nitration heating, to complete vacuum pyrolysis and vacuum metallurgy；First three grade of condensing tube just runs when entering the vacuum metallurgy stage, and latter three grades begin to work in the vacuum pyrolysis stage；First three grade of condensing tube is used for condensation separation metallic vapour, and rear three grades of condensing tubes are pyrolyzed oil gas for condensation separation, and condensing tube number suitably can be increased and decreased by demand；Condensing tube condensation temperature sets according to required recovery metal or pyrolysis oil gas boiling point under vacuo, all condenses, with the anti-pollution pyrolysis oil gas wherein condensed out before need to ensureing metal vapors three grades of condensing tubes after entering；Vacuum pump set pump needs continuous firing, to maintain vacuum state in device.
Specifically, in use, the use flow process of apparatus of the present invention is as follows:
(1) first with disintegrating machine, waste and old circuit board electronic devices and components are crushed, make various metal, nonmetallic materials be will be completely dissociated；
(2) electronic devices and components after crushing send into vacuum equipment (such as vacuum drying oven), vacuum equipment evacuation (reduces material boiling point under environment, energy consumption is greatly lowered, avoids the oxygen reaction in material and air simultaneously, and do not have pollutant under vacuum tightness environment and enter environment) after begin to warm up；
(3) heat, heat and be divided into two stages: the first stage: after uniform temperature (boiling points of nonmetallic materials) being heated in vacuum equipment stove, make nonmetallic ingredient (the predominantly plastic skin of components and parts) the pyrolysis olefiant gas in broken components and parts, after fractional condensaion, (by boiling point regulation condenser temperature under pyrolysis oil vacuum condition) is started working in three grades of condensations, by pyrolysis oil condensation liquefaction, a small amount of little molecule on-condensible gas is collected by afterbody gas collecting bottle；Second stage: continue to heat up, the vacuum metallurgy stage is entered in stove, Metal gasification enters in first three grade of condenser (determining each condenser temperatures according to each metal boiling point under vacuum), the metal making different boiling liquefies successively, thus complete the separation of different metal, it is recovered to various elemental metals.
(4) vacuum equipment releases vacuum state, takes out the elemental metals in condenser at different levels and pyrolysis oil, completes to reclaim metal in waste and old circuit board electronic devices and components and nonmetallic high added value.
The method system of the present invention has a following obvious feature:
(1) use Vacuum Heat solution to make nonmetallic ingredient in broken electronic devices and components be pyrolyzed olefiant gas respectively, and then nonmetallic ingredient is separated successively；
(2) use vacuum metallurgy method to make metal component in broken electronic devices and components gasify respectively, and then metal component is separated；
(3) use two sections of heatings, realize vacuum pyrolysis and vacuum metallurgy successively, it is to avoid the nonmetallic ingredient impact on metal component subsequent recovery；
(4) fractional condensaion method is used, the temperature of condensation at different levels is regulated according to pyrolysis oil and each metal boiling point under vacuum conditions, so that respectively needing to reclaim component condensation, thus complete, to metal in waste and old circuit board electronic devices and components and nonmetallic high added value resource, a small amount of on-condensible gas of little molecule to be collected simultaneously.
The method have the advantages that
Utilize the assembly of the invention can be with waste and old circuit board electronic devices and components as raw material, the various pyrolysis oil gas of final acquisition and various elemental metals, realize metal and nonmetallic high added value recycling in waste and old circuit board electronic devices and components, and operating procedure is simple, organic efficiency is high, and metal and nonmetal resource added value height, the non-secondary pollution thing reclaimed discharges, environmental protection, has significant economic benefit and environmental benefit.
Additionally, when apparatus of the present invention process waste and old circuit board electronic devices and components, carry out under vacuum conditions, reduce material boiling point under environment, energy consumption is greatly lowered, avoids material and the oxygen reaction in air simultaneously, and under vacuum tightness environment, do not have pollutant entrance environment, on the basis of metal and nonmetal high added value reclaim in realizing waste and old circuit board electronic devices and components, it is also equipped with efficient and eco-friendly advantage simultaneously.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the overall schematic of apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of condensation in apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of vacuum heater 1 in apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of on-condensible gas gas collecting bottle 6 in apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the process chart of the device of waste and old circuit board electronic devices and components resource in embodiment；1 be vacuum heater, 2 be valve, 3 be condenser, 4 be holding vessel, 5 be vacuum pump, 6 be gas collecting bottle (on-condensible gas collecting tank), 7 be condenser circulating water cooling system, 8 and 9 for thermocouple, 10 and 13 be vacuometer, 11 be Si-Mo rod, 12 be alundum tube, 14 be solid residue storage tank, 15 be air pump, 16 be crush waste and old electric components and parts, 17 be conveyance conduit.
Detailed description of the invention
Further illustrate the present invention below in conjunction with Figure of description and specific embodiment, but the present invention is not limited in any form by embodiment.Unless stated otherwise, the present invention uses reagent, method and apparatus are the art conventional reagent, method and apparatus.
Unless stated otherwise, following example agents useful for same and material are commercial.
The device of embodiment 1 waste and old circuit board electronic devices and components high added value resource
As shown in Figure 1, the device of a kind of waste and old circuit board electronic devices and components resource, including vacuum heater 1, valve 2, the condenser 3 of several series connection, holding vessel 4, vacuum pump 5, gas collecting bottle 6；The end upper of described vacuum heater 1 is connected with condenser 3 by conveyance conduit, and valve 2 is arranged on the conveyance conduit between vacuum heater 1 and condenser 3；Holding vessel 4 is connected to the bottom of condenser 3, gas collecting bottle 6 is connected with last condenser 3 by conveyance conduit, vacuum pump 5 is arranged on the conveyance conduit between condenser tail end, gas collecting bottle 6 and condenser 3, connect with whole device, it is ensured that all in vacuum state in vacuum heater and condenser.
The device of embodiment 2 waste and old circuit board electronic devices and components high added value resource
As shown in accompanying drawing 1～5, a kind of device of waste and old circuit board electronic devices and components resource, it is that the waste and old circuit board electronic devices and components feeding vacuum heater after crushing makes the most nonmetal pyrolysis, Metal gasification through vacuum pyrolysis, vacuum metallurgy, then separates to reach the device that high added value reclaims by them by fractional condensaion.
This device includes condenser 3 that vacuum heater 1,2, six, valve connect, holding vessel 4, vacuum pump 5, gas collecting bottle 6(on-condensible gas collecting tank), thermocouple 8 and 9, vacuometer 10 and 13, circulating water cooling system 7, solid residue storage tank 14, air pump 15.
The end upper of described vacuum heater 1 is connected with condenser 3 by conveyance conduit, and valve 2 is arranged on the conveyance conduit between vacuum heater 1 and condenser 3；Holding vessel 4 is connected to the bottom of condenser 3, gas collecting bottle 6 is connected with last condenser 3 by conveyance conduit, vacuum pump 5 is arranged on the conveyance conduit between condenser tail end, gas collecting bottle 6 and condenser 3, connect with whole device, it is ensured that all in vacuum state in vacuum heater and condenser.
Further, described vacuum heater 1 is internally provided with two thermocouples 9 and vacuometer 10, and on the inwall of 9 one burner hearths being fixed on vacuum heater of two thermocouples, another puts in inside, is suspended from the middle part of the burner hearth of vacuum heater..
Each condenser 3 is internal is additionally provided with thermocouple 8.
Above-mentioned thermocouple 8 and thermocouple 9 are K-type double platinum rhodium thermocouple.
Described vacuum heater 1 is internal is additionally provided with Si-Mo rod 11 and the alundum tube 12 being distributed in inwall.Described Si-Mo rod 11 is looped around outside alundum tube 12, and alundum tube holds carbon dust as Heated container.The most described alundum tube 12 is positioned at the top layer of vacuum heater 1 inwall, and Si-Mo rod 11 is positioned at intermediate layer.
The heating element heater of described vacuum heater 1 uses high quality silicon molybdenum bar and the temperature automatically controlled combination of PID, it is ensured that the maximum temperature in vacuum heater can reach the boiling point under the conditions of required recovery metal vacuum.
It is provided with vacuometer 13 on described gas collecting bottle 6.
Above-mentioned vacuometer 10 and vacuometer 13 all use ionization vacuum ga(u)ge, measurement scope to be 10-4～102Handkerchief.
It addition, include total six sets being sequentially connected in series of condensation one of condenser 3 and holding vessel 4, respectively one-level condensation, B-grade condensation, three grades of condensations, level Four condensation, Pyatyi condensation, six grades of condensations.First three grade realizes the condensation separation of metallic vapour, and latter three grades are pyrolyzed oil gas for condensation liquefaction.
Each condenser 3 is individually furnished with circulating water pipeline 7.
The vacuum pyrolysis stage only has rear three grades of condenser working, is used for condensing sorting pyrolysis oil (the vacuum pyrolysis stage needs lasts long enough, to ensure that nonmetallic ingredient can fully be pyrolyzed)；First three grade of condenser when entering the vacuum metallurgy stage that continue to heat up is started working again, is used for condensing sorting metal vapors, and these three grades of condensations need to guarantee metallic vapour total condensation, it is to avoid enters rear three grades of condensations and pollutes pyrolysis oil therein.
It is additionally provided with 3 temperature monitoring points on described condenser 3, lays respectively at condenser-air exit, middle part, collecting condensation mouth.Condensers at different levels can work alone, and is designed with temperature detecting point in condenser, can monitor condenser internal temperature in real time.
It addition, the bottom of described vacuum heater 1 is additionally provided with solid residue storage tank 14, in vacuum heater 1, remaining solid residue enters solid residue storage tank 14 by the suction of air pump 15.
Described vacuum pump 5 is made up of forepump and oil diffusion pump, and in holding means, mental retardation reaches 6.7 × 10-3Handkerchief vacuum.
The heating system of this device can control vacuum drying oven and carry out two-stage nitration heating, to complete vacuum pyrolysis and vacuum metallurgy；First three grade of condensing tube just runs when entering the vacuum metallurgy stage, and latter three grades begin to work in the vacuum pyrolysis stage；First three grade of condensing tube is used for condensation separation metallic vapour, and rear three grades of condensing tubes are pyrolyzed oil gas for condensation separation, and condensing tube number suitably can be increased and decreased by demand；Condensing tube condensation temperature sets according to required recovery metal or pyrolysis oil gas boiling point under vacuo, all condenses, with the anti-pollution pyrolysis oil gas wherein condensed out before need to ensureing metal vapors three grades of condensing tubes after entering；Vacuum pump set pump needs continuous firing, to maintain vacuum state in device.
In the device that the present invention is above-mentioned, being provided with solid residue storage tank below vacuum heater, top is connected with fractional condenser by pipeline；Bottom condenser, outfan is provided with holding vessel, is placed in series by fractional condenser, and first three grade realizes the condensation separation of metallic vapour, and latter three grades are pyrolyzed oil gas for condensation liquefaction；Vacuum pump is arranged at condenser tail end, connects with whole device, it is ensured that in stove, solid residue storage tank and condenser be all in vacuum state.Described condenser is individually furnished with circulating water cooling system, and the vacuum pyrolysis stage only has rear three grades of condenser working；First three grade of condenser when entering the vacuum metallurgy stage that continue to heat up is started working again, is used for condensing sorting metal vapors, and these three grades of condensations need to guarantee metallic vapour total condensation, it is to avoid enters rear three grades of condensations and pollutes pyrolysis oil therein.Vacuum pump continuous firing, the on-condensible gas suction gas collecting bottle that will produce in heating process；In reactor, remaining solid residue enters storage tank by the suction of air pump.
The method of embodiment 3 waste and old circuit board electronic devices and components high added value resource
The method of waste and old circuit board electronic devices and components resource, the i.e. using method of the device of waste and old circuit board electronic devices and components resource:
First with disintegrating machine, waste and old electric components and parts 16 are crushed, again will broken after waste and old electric components and parts send in vacuum heater 1, it is dried at ambient pressure, (under vacuum environment, the boiling point of material can reduce to utilize vacuum pump 5 evacuation after continuing 40 minutes under 120 Celsius Conditions, and avoid itself and oxygen reaction), after reaching the vaccum interval of 0.1 1 handkerchiefs, Si-Mo rod 11 is utilized to heat.
Heating process is divided into two stages to carry out: be first to heat to nonmetallic boiling point under vacuum condition, the broken metal in waste and old electric components and parts keeps ortho states, and nonmetallic ingredient (such as plastic peel, rubber stopper etc.) starts pyrolysis and forms pyrolysis oil gas, enter the vacuum pyrolysis stage.Pyrolysis oil gas enters in fractional condenser by conveyance conduit, now only have rear three grades of condenser working (temperature of condensing tube is determined) that holding vessel 44,45,46 connects by the oil gas boiling point under vacuum conditions that is pyrolyzed of required recovery, pyrolysis oil enters its collecting tank connected at these three grades of condensing tube condensations, more than reaction continues time enough, enables vacuum pyrolysis to fully carrying out.The metal boiling point being heated under vacuum condition is continued after completing, enter the vacuum metallurgy stage, first three grade of condensing tube that holding vessel 41,42,43 connects simultaneously starts working (temperature of condensing tube is determined) by each metal of required recovery boiling point under vacuum conditions, metal component evaporation in waste and old electric components and parts forms metallic vapour, enter in first three grade of condenser by conveyance conduit, in metallic vapour, each metal component liquefies respectively in condensing tube, form the elemental metals that purity is higher, complete the separation to different metal.
After vacuum heater releases vacuum state, from condenser holding vessel, take out the high added value metal reclaimed needed for us.Produced by vacuum pyrolysis and vacuum metallurgy stage, on-condensible gas remains subsequent treatment in vacuum pump 5 suction gas collecting bottle 6, it is to avoid be directly discharged into air and environment is produced pollution.
Embodiment 4 waste and old circuit board electronic devices and components high added value recycling example
1, material
Waste and old CD electric capacity 100.
2, the method utilizing the present invention carries out high added value recycling to these waste and old circuit board electronic devices and components, specifically comprises the following steps that
By waste and old CD electric capacity all by crusher in crushing, make various metal therein, nonmetal will be completely dissociated, being sent in vacuum furnace body, the high added value utilizing system described in embodiment 2 to carry out waste and old CD electric capacity reclaims, and removal process is divided into vacuum pyrolysis to carry out with the vacuum metallurgy the two stage again.It is warming up to 700 degrees Celsius after being evacuated to by vacuum drying oven in 0.1～1 handkerchief vacuum ranges, carry out vacuum pyrolysis, open rear three grades of condensations simultaneously, they temperature are set to 290 degrees Celsius, 180 degrees Celsius, 40 degrees Celsius, make the oil gas that the vacuum pyrolysis stage produces these three grades condensations, obtain three kinds of oil gas.
It is continuously heating to 1600 degrees Celsius after being incubated 10 minutes at 700 degrees Celsius, carry out vacuum metallurgy, open first three grade of condensation simultaneously, they temperature 1200 degrees Celsius, 1000 degrees Celsius, 600 degrees Celsius respectively, make the metallic vapour that the vacuum metallurgy stage produces these three grades liquefaction, obtain three kinds of metals.
The on-condensible gas of two stage generations is collected by collecting tank.
Utilize high performance liquid chromatography that mink cell focus is carried out analysis of oil, utilize gas chromatogram centering matter oil, light oil to carry out analysis of oil.Utilize XRD(X x ray diffraction) metal after grinding is analyzed.
3, result
(1) pyrolysis oil gas is obtained: result shows, wherein, mink cell focus productivity is less, and component includes the high polymer of a small amount of styrene and acrylate, it may be possible to melted evaporation is caused in temperature-rise period；The component of middle matter oil is mainly styrene monomer, acrylate monomer and derivant thereof；Light oil comprises multiple alkene.
(2) metal is obtained: the metallic aluminium simple substance that purity is the highest, the metallic tin simple substance that purity is the highest, lead zinc magnesium alloy.
Embodiment 5 waste and old circuit board electronic devices and components high added value recycling example
1, material
Waste and old CBB electric capacity 100.
2, by waste and old CBB electric capacity all by crusher in crushing, make various metal therein, nonmetal will be completely dissociated, it is sent to again in vacuum furnace body, the high added value utilizing system described in embodiment 2 to carry out waste and old CBB electric capacity reclaims, and removal process is divided into vacuum pyrolysis to carry out with the vacuum metallurgy the two stage.It is warming up to 700 degrees Celsius after being evacuated to by vacuum drying oven in 0.1～1 handkerchief vacuum ranges, carry out vacuum pyrolysis, open rear three grades of condensations simultaneously, they temperature are set to 290 degrees Celsius, 180 degrees Celsius, 40 degrees Celsius, make the oil gas that the vacuum pyrolysis stage produces these three grades condensations, obtain three kinds of oil gas.
It is continuously heating to 1600 degrees Celsius after being incubated 10 minutes at 700 degrees Celsius, carry out vacuum metallurgy, open first three grade of condensation simultaneously, they temperature 1200 degrees Celsius, 1000 degrees Celsius, 600 degrees Celsius respectively, make the metallic vapour that the vacuum metallurgy stage produces these three grades liquefaction, obtain three kinds of metals.
The on-condensible gas of two stage generations is collected by collecting tank.
Utilize high performance liquid chromatography that mink cell focus is carried out analysis of oil, utilize gas chromatogram centering matter oil, light oil to carry out analysis of oil.Utilize XRD(X x ray diffraction) metal after grinding is analyzed.
3, result
(1) pyrolysis oil gas is obtained: result shows, wherein, mink cell focus productivity is less, and component includes the high polymer of a small amount of styrene and acrylate, it may be possible to melted evaporation is caused in temperature-rise period；The component of middle matter oil is mainly styrene monomer, acrylate monomer and derivant thereof；Light oil comprises multiple alkene.
(2) metal is obtained: the metallic aluminium simple substance that purity is the highest, the metallic tin simple substance that purity is the highest, the zinc simple substance that purity is the highest.
Claims (10)
1. the device of a waste and old circuit board electronic devices and components high added value resource, it is characterised in that include vacuum heater (1), valve (2), the condenser (3) of several series connection, holding vessel (4), vacuum pump (5), gas collecting bottle (6)；The end upper of described vacuum heater (1) is connected with condenser (3) by conveyance conduit, and valve (2) is arranged on the conveyance conduit between vacuum heater (1) and condenser (3)；Holding vessel (4) is connected to the bottom of condenser (3), gas collecting bottle (6) is connected with last condenser (3) by conveyance conduit, vacuum pump (5) is arranged on the conveyance conduit between condenser tail end, gas collecting bottle (6) and condenser (3), connects with whole device.
The device of waste and old circuit board electronic devices and components high added value resource the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described vacuum heater (1) is internally provided with thermocouple (9) and vacuometer (10).
The device of waste and old circuit board electronic devices and components high added value resource the most according to claim 2, it is characterised in that described vacuum heater (1) is internal is additionally provided with Si-Mo rod (11) and the alundum tube (12) being distributed in inwall.
The device of waste and old circuit board electronic devices and components high added value resource the most according to claim 3, it is characterised in that described Si-Mo rod (11) is looped around alundum tube (12) outside, and alundum tube holds carbon dust as Heated container.
The most according to claim 1, the device of waste and old circuit board electronic devices and components high added value resource, it is characterised in that described, described gas collecting bottle (6) is provided with vacuometer (13).
The device of waste and old circuit board electronic devices and components high added value resource the most according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, including total six sets being sequentially connected in series of condensation one of condenser (3) and holding vessel (4), respectively one-level condensation, B-grade condensation, three grades of condensations, level Four condensation, Pyatyi condensation, six grades of condensations.
The device of waste and old circuit board electronic devices and components high added value resource the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that each condenser (3) is individually furnished with circulating water pipeline (7).
The device of waste and old circuit board electronic devices and components high added value resource the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that each condenser (3) is internal is additionally provided with thermocouple (8).
The device of waste and old circuit board electronic devices and components high added value resource the most according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the bottom of described vacuum heater (1) is additionally provided with solid residue storage tank (14), and in vacuum heater (1), remaining solid residue enters solid residue storage tank (14) by the suction of air pump (15).
The device of waste and old circuit board electronic devices and components high added value resource the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that be provided with 3 temperature monitoring points on described condenser (3), lay respectively at condenser-air exit, middle part, collecting condensation mouth.
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| CN108913899A (en) * | 2018-06-11 | 2018-11-30 | 中山大学 | A kind of device recycling metal and energy gas from waste and old solar panels |
| CN110152854A (en) * | 2019-04-28 | 2019-08-23 | 湖南金福达电子有限公司 | Aluminium electrolutic capacitor waste material recovery method and recyclable device |
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Application publication date: 20160803 Assignee: TIANJIN YIMING ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY Co.,Ltd. Assignor: SUN YAT-SEN University Contract record no.: X2023980053515 Denomination of invention: A device for high value-added resource utilization of electronic components on discarded circuit boards Granted publication date: 20190125 License type: Common License Record date: 20231221 |
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Application publication date: 20160803 Assignee: QINGYUAN JINYUN RENEWABLE RESOURCES Co.,Ltd. Assignor: SUN YAT-SEN University Contract record no.: X2023980053962 Denomination of invention: A device for high value-added resource utilization of electronic components on discarded circuit boards Granted publication date: 20190125 License type: Common License Record date: 20231225 |