CN105816583A - 一种治疗感冒的复方药物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种治疗感冒的复方药物及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种治疗感冒的复方药物及其制备方法,该复方药物将神香草、洋甘菊、薄荷按比例混合,采用水提取获得挥发油,挥发油进行环糊精包合,水提取液备用;将天山堇菜、莴苣籽、一枝蒿、破布木果、大枣按比例混合,采用溶剂提取,提取液与上述神香草、洋甘菊、薄荷水提取液混合,经除杂、浓缩、干燥后获得的提取物与环糊精包合物及辅料制成片剂、颗粒剂、胶囊剂。经过初步药效试验表明,通过本发明提供的制备方法获得的提取物,可明显降低流感病毒感染小鼠肺指数,可作为治疗感冒的药物用途。该复方药是根据维吾尔医药组方特点,依据长期的临床实践,采用现代提取方法溶出该复方药物中的有效组分,增强了药效,提高了生物利用度,为患者提供了方便。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种治疗感冒的复方药物及制备方法,通过该方法获得的提取物可明显降低流感病毒感染小鼠肺指数,可作为治疗感冒的药物用途。属于民族医药技术领域。
背景技术
感冒,是一种自愈性疾病,总体上分为普通感冒和流行感冒。普通感冒,是由多种病毒引起的一种呼吸道常见病,其中30%-50%是由某种血清型的鼻病毒引起。普通感冒虽多发于初冬,但任何季节,如春天、夏天也可发生,不同季节的感冒的致病病毒并非完全一样。流行性感冒,是由流感病毒引起的急性呼吸道传染病。病毒存在于病人的呼吸道中,在病人咳嗽、打喷嚏时经飞沫传染给别人。
感冒病例分布是散发性的,不引起流行,常易合并细菌感染。普通感冒起病较急,早期症状有咽部干痒或灼热感、喷嚏、鼻塞、流涕,开始为清水样鼻涕,2-3天后变稠;可伴有咽痛;一般无发热及全身症状,或仅有低热、头痛。一般经5-7天痊愈。
感冒也是一种急性传染性鼻炎,俗称“伤风”。是由呼吸道病毒引起的,其中以冠状病毒和鼻病毒为主要致病病毒。病毒从呼吸道分泌物中排出并传播,当机体抵抗力下降,如受凉、营养不良、过度疲劳、烟酒过度、全身性疾病及鼻部本身的慢性疾病影响呼吸道畅通等,容易诱发感染。感冒起病时鼻内有干燥感及痒感、打喷嚏、全身不适或有低热,以后渐有鼻塞、嗅觉减退、流大量清水鼻涕、鼻粘膜充血、水肿、有大量清水样或脓性分泌物等。若无并发症,病程约为7~10天。因为病毒生存在人体细胞内,世界上没有药物可以直接杀死感冒病毒,有效方法就是依靠人体免疫系统。所以感冒应以支持疗法为主,特别注意休息、大量饮水、饮食清淡。这可给免疫系统充分的体力支持。
维吾尔医学认为,热性感冒与胆液质和血液质的异常变化有关,寒性感冒与黏液质和黑胆质的异常变化有关。热性感冒是指受热或胆液质和血液质偏盛后脑内积液,该湿液通过鼻腔或气管流下而发生的病证。多因中暑,过多使用麝香、西红花、肉桂等热性药物和过多食用烤羊肉、阿力瓦(一种糖粥)、冰糖、大蒜等热性食物所致。症见头皮发热,两眼发红,自觉发冷,打颤发烧,鼻孔发痒发酸,咽喉肿痛,全身乏力,身热而痛,小便黄赤,脉浮洪数;有的头痛患者,身穿衣服如荆棘,并有周身酸痛,双眼流泪热烫等症。因此,从中药、民族药当中开发治疗感冒的新药具有很重要的意义。本发明所说的复方药物在维吾尔医传统理论的指导下组方,并在临床上多年用于上述疾病的治疗,疗效确切。
发明内容
本发明涉及一种治疗感冒的复方药物及其制备方法,该复方药物将神香草、洋甘菊、薄荷按比例混合,采用水提取获得挥发油,挥发油进行环糊精包合,水提取液备用;将天山堇菜、莴苣籽、一枝蒿、破布木果、大枣按比例混合,采用溶剂提取,提取液与上述神香草、洋甘菊、薄荷水提取液混合,经除杂、浓缩、干燥后获得的提取物与环糊精包合物及辅料制成片剂、颗粒剂、胶囊剂、滴丸剂。经过药效试验表明,通过本发明所述方法获得的复方药物,可明显降低流感病毒感染小鼠肺指数,可作为治疗感冒的药物用途。该复方药是根据民族医药组方特点,依据少数民族在长期的民间临床实践,采用合理提取方法溶出该复方药物中有效成分,增强了药效,提高了生物利用度,为患者提供了方便。
本发明所述的一种治疗感冒的复方药物,其特征在于是由原料药神香草50-200份、洋甘菊50-200份、薄荷50-200份、天山堇菜50-200份、莴苣籽50-200份、一枝蒿50-200份、破布木果50-200份、大枣50-200份,辅料为淀粉50-400份、乳糖50-400份、糊精50-200份、甘露醇50-400份或羧甲基淀粉钠50-200份制成,将神香草、洋甘菊和薄荷混合,采用水提取获得挥发油,将挥发油进行环糊精包合,水提取液备用;再将天山堇菜、莴苣籽、一枝蒿、破布木果、大枣混合,采用溶剂提取,提取液与神香草、洋甘菊、薄荷水提取液混合,经除杂、浓缩、干燥后获得的提取物,再将提取物与环糊精包合物及辅料制成感冒复方药。
所述治疗感冒的药物的制备方法,具体操作按下列步骤进行:
a、取神香草50-200份、洋甘菊50-200份和薄荷50-200份,用8-15倍量的水,按常规方法提取挥发油,提取时间1-8小时,收取挥发油,挥发油采用环糊精包合后备用;剩余的水提取液滤过,浓缩,备用;
b、取天山堇菜50-200份、莴苣籽50-200份、一枝蒿50-200份、破布木果50-200份、大枣50-200份,用8-20倍量的溶剂为水或浓度为30-80%乙醇提取1-4次,温度为30-100℃,每次提取时间为0.5-3小时;
c、将步骤b中提取液滤过,浓缩后,与步骤a的水提取液合并,浓缩、干燥即得干浸膏,再将干浸膏粉碎成粉末,与步骤a中的环糊精包合的挥发油充分混合后,即得复方提取物;
d、将步骤c提取物与辅料淀粉50-400份、乳糖50-400份、糊精50-200份、甘露醇50-400份或羧甲基淀粉钠50-200份混匀,按常规制药方法制成颗粒、胶囊或片剂。
具体实施方式
实施例1(以制备1000片为基数,制备片剂,以表的方式进行列举)
取神香草、洋甘菊和薄荷,用8倍量的水按常规方法提取挥发油,提取1小时,收集挥发油,挥发油采用环糊精包合后备用;剩余的水溶液滤过,浓缩,备用;取天山堇菜、莴苣籽、一枝蒿、破布木果和大枣,用8倍量的体积浓度为30%乙醇提取4次,温度为30℃,每次提取时间为0.5小时,提取液滤过,浓缩后,合并神香草、洋甘菊和薄荷的提取液,浓缩、干燥即得干浸膏,再将干浸膏粉碎成粉末,与挥发油环糊精包合物充分混合后,加辅料按常规方法制成片剂,见表1(各原料药单位为份):
表1
处方 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
神香草 | 50 | 100 | 200 | 50 | 200 |
洋甘菊 | 50 | 100 | 200 | 50 | 200 |
薄荷 | 50 | 100 | 200 | 50 | 200 |
天山堇菜 | 50 | 100 | 200 | 100 | 200 |
莴苣籽 | 50 | 100 | 200 | 100 | 200 |
一枝蒿 | 50 | 100 | 200 | 200 | 200 |
破布木果 | 50 | 200 | 200 | 200 | 200 |
大枣 | 50 | 200 | 200 | 100 | 200 |
淀粉 | 50 | 100 | 400 | 50 | 0 |
糊精 | 50 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 200 |
羧甲基淀粉钠 | 50 | 100 | 0 | 50 | 200 |
粘合剂 | 5%淀粉浆 | 5%PVP K30 | 5%PVP K30 | 10%淀粉浆 | 10%淀粉浆 |
注表中PVP分别为羧甲基淀粉钠和聚维酮。
实施例2(以制备1000g为基数,制备颗粒剂,以表的方式进行列举)
神香草、洋甘菊和薄荷,用10倍量的水按常规方法提取挥发油,提取8小时,收集挥发油,挥发油采用环糊精包合后备用;剩余的水溶液滤过,浓缩,备用;取天山堇菜、莴苣籽、一枝蒿、破布木果、大枣,用12倍量的水提取2次,每次提取时间为1小时,温度为100℃,提取液滤过,浓缩后,与神香草、洋甘菊和薄荷的提取液合并,浓缩、干燥即得干浸膏,再将干浸膏粉碎成粉末,与挥发油环糊精包合物充分混合后,加辅料按常规方法制成颗粒剂,见表2(各原料药单位为份):
表2
处方 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
神香草 | 50 | 100 | 200 | 50 | 200 |
洋甘菊 | 50 | 100 | 200 | 50 | 200 |
薄荷 | 50 | 100 | 200 | 50 | 200 |
天山堇菜 | 50 | 100 | 200 | 100 | 200 |
莴苣籽 | 50 | 100 | 200 | 100 | 200 |
一枝蒿 | 50 | 100 | 200 | 200 | 200 |
破布木果 | 50 | 200 | 200 | 200 | 200 |
大枣 | 50 | 200 | 200 | 100 | 200 |
淀粉 | 50 | 0 | 200 | 50 | 0 |
乳糖 | 50 | 200 | 0 | 100 | 200 |
甘露醇 | 50 | 0 | 200 | 50 | 200 |
粘合剂 | 5%淀粉浆 | 85%乙醇 | 75%乙醇 | 5%PVP K30 | 10%淀粉浆 |
注表中PVP分别为羧甲基淀粉钠和聚维酮。
实施例3(以制备1000g为基数,制备颗粒剂,以表的方式进行列举)
将神香草、洋甘菊和薄荷用15倍量的水按常规方法提取挥发油,提取6小时,收集挥发油,挥发油采用环糊精包合后备用;剩余的水溶液滤过,浓缩,备用;取天山堇菜、莴苣籽、一枝蒿、破布木果和大枣,用8倍量的水提取4次,每次提取时间为0.5小时,温度为100℃,提取液滤过,浓缩后,合并神香草、洋甘菊和薄荷的提取液,浓缩,干燥即得干浸膏,再将干浸膏粉碎成粉末,与挥发油环糊精包合物充分混合后,加辅料按常规方法制成颗粒剂,见表3(各原料药单位为份):
表3
处方 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
神香草 | 50 | 50 | 200 | 50 | 200 |
洋甘菊 | 50 | 100 | 200 | 50 | 200 |
薄荷 | 50 | 50 | 200 | 50 | 200 |
天山堇菜 | 50 | 100 | 200 | 100 | 200 |
莴苣籽 | 50 | 100 | 200 | 100 | 200 |
一枝蒿 | 50 | 100 | 200 | 200 | 200 |
破布木果 | 50 | 200 | 200 | 200 | 200 |
大枣 | 50 | 200 | 200 | 100 | 200 |
淀粉 | 50 | 0 | 400 | 0 | 0 |
乳糖 | 50 | 400 | 0 | 0 | 200 |
甘露醇 | 50 | 0 | 0 | 400 | 200 |
粘合剂 | 5%淀粉浆 | 85%乙醇 | 75%乙醇 | 5%PVP K30 | 10%淀粉浆 |
注表中PVP分别为羧甲基淀粉钠和聚维酮。
实施例4(以制备1000粒为基数,制备胶囊剂,以表的方式进行列举)
将神香草、洋甘菊和薄荷用15倍量的水按常规方法提取挥发油,提取8小时,收集挥发油,挥发油采用环糊精包合后备用;剩余的水溶液滤过,适当浓缩,备用;取天山堇菜、莴苣籽、一枝蒿、破布木果和大枣,用20倍量的体积浓度为80%乙醇提取1次,提取时间为3小时,温度为60℃,提取液滤过,浓缩后,合并神香草、洋甘菊和薄荷的提取液,浓缩,干燥即得干浸膏,再将干浸膏粉碎成粉末,与挥发油环糊精包合物充分混合后,加辅料按常规方法制成胶囊剂,见表4(各原料药单位为份):
表4
处方 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
神香草 | 50 | 50 | 200 | 50 | 200 |
洋甘菊 | 50 | 100 | 200 | 50 | 200 |
薄荷 | 50 | 50 | 200 | 50 | 200 |
天山堇菜 | 50 | 100 | 200 | 100 | 200 |
莴苣籽 | 50 | 100 | 200 | 100 | 200 |
一枝蒿 | 50 | 100 | 200 | 200 | 200 |
破布木果 | 50 | 200 | 200 | 200 | 200 |
大枣 | 50 | 200 | 200 | 100 | 200 |
淀粉 | 50 | 60 | 150 | 400 | 0 |
乳糖 | 50 | 60 | 150 | 0 | 400 |
粘合剂 | 5%淀粉浆 | 85%乙醇 | 75%乙醇 | 5%PVP K30 | 10%淀粉浆 |
注表中PVP分别为羧甲基淀粉钠和聚维酮。
实施例5(以制备1000粒为基数,制备胶囊剂,以表的方式进行列举)
将神香草、洋甘菊和薄荷用15倍量的水按常规方法提取挥发油,提取8小时,收集挥发油,挥发油采用环糊精包合后备用;剩余的水溶液滤过,适当浓缩,备用;取天山堇菜、莴苣籽、一枝蒿、破布木果和大枣,用20倍量的水提取1次,提取时间为3小时,温度为100℃,提取液滤过,浓缩后,合并神香草、洋甘菊和薄荷的提取液,浓缩,干燥即得干浸膏,再将干浸膏粉碎成粉末,与挥发油环糊精包合物充分混合后,加辅料按常规方法制成胶囊剂,见表5(各原料药单位为份):
表5
处方 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
神香草 | 50 | 50 | 200 | 50 | 200 |
洋甘菊 | 50 | 100 | 200 | 50 | 200 |
薄荷 | 50 | 50 | 200 | 50 | 200 |
天山堇菜 | 50 | 100 | 200 | 100 | 200 |
莴苣籽 | 50 | 100 | 200 | 100 | 200 |
一枝蒿 | 50 | 100 | 200 | 200 | 200 |
破布木果 | 50 | 200 | 200 | 200 | 200 |
大枣 | 50 | 200 | 200 | 100 | 200 |
淀粉 | 50 | 60 | 150 | 400 | 0 |
乳糖 | 50 | 60 | 150 | 0 | 400 |
粘合剂 | 5%淀粉浆 | 85%乙醇 | 75%乙醇 | 5%PVP K30 | 10%淀粉浆 |
注表中PVP分别为羧甲基淀粉钠和聚维酮。
实施例6
本发明所述药物抗感冒药效评价
受试药品:复方提取物1,制备方法同实施例2;复方提取物2,制备方法同实施例4;
用法用量:口服,一次15g生药,一日三次;
对照药:利巴韦林;化学名称:1-β-D-呋喃核糖基-1H-1,2,4-三氮唑-3-羧酰胺;性状:白色或类白色片;功能主治:适用于呼吸道合胞病毒引起的病毒性肺炎与支气管炎,皮肤疱疹病毒感染;
规格:每片重100毫克;
用法用量:口服。病毒性呼吸道感染:一次0.15克,一日3次,连用7天。
贮藏:密封保存;
批准文号:国药准字H20033538;
产品批号:1205016;
生产企业:江西汇仁药业有限公司;
剂量设置:
剂量设置依据:以委托方提供的临床拟用剂量为依据,依动物与人剂量换算表,折算成小鼠等效剂量为5.8g/kg.d。复方提取物1和2的出膏率分别为21%和16%,则其剂量分别为1.2g/kg.d和0.9g/kg.d;
实验药品配置:
复方提取物1,2和利巴韦林,临用前均以蒸馏水加0.5%羧甲基纤维素钠助悬配置成所需浓度的混悬液;
实验动物品系及来源:
昆明种小鼠,体重18-22g,由新疆维吾尔自治区实验动物研究中心提供,动物许可证号为SCXK(新)2011-0001,实验动物编号为65000200000085;
实验动物饲养:
实验动物雌雄分笼,常规饲养,自由采食和饮水;
饲料:小鼠饲料,由新疆维吾尔自治区实验动物研究中心提供,生产许可证号:SCXK(新)2011-0003;
饮水:饮用实验动物专用水;
实验动物饲养环境:
温度:20-26℃,相对湿度:40%-60%,光照条件:12h/12h明暗交替,通风情况:全新风,动物房的一般清洁消毒:0.2%新洁尔灭拖擦清晰;
试剂及其它:
羧甲基纤维素钠,天津永成精细化工有限责任公司,批号:20100623;
乙醚,天津市致远化学试剂有限公司,批号20120416;
病毒流感病毒鼠肺适应珠PR8,购自中国预防医科院病毒研究所,病毒经鸡胚传代后-80℃低温冰箱保存备用;
仪器:
YP600N型电子天平,上海青海仪器有限公司;
BS200S型电子天平,北京赛多利斯天平有限责任公司;
BHC-1300IIA/B2型生物安全柜,苏净净化设备有限公司;
SIM-SIR独立换气系统笼具,上海邵丰实验动物设备有限公司;
YXQ-LS-30-SII型立式压力蒸汽灭菌器,上海博讯实业有限公司医疗设厂;
FT-OR型方塘牌纯水机,成都禹诚水处理设备有限公司;
实验方法与结果:
对流感病毒感染小鼠肺指数的影响:
取昆明种小鼠60只,体重18-20g,雌雄兼用,按体重,性别均衡随机分为5组,即正常对照组,模型组,利巴韦林(0.06g/kg)组,复方提取物1(1.2g/kg)组,复方提取物2(0.9g/kg)组,每组12只,给各药组均按设定计量灌胃给药,正常对照组和模型组给予等体积0.5%CMC-Na,每天2次,连续8天;于第二天给药后2h,除正常对照组外,其余各组小鼠经乙醚轻度麻醉,以实验浓度的流感病毒鼠肺适应株PR8滴鼻感染小鼠,0.05ml/只,正常对照组按同法滴鼻生理盐水;于末次给药后小鼠禁食8h,称重,摘眼球放血脱颈椎处死动物,打开胸腔摘取全肺,生理盐水洗涤2次,滤纸吸干表面水分,称重,计算肺指数和肺指数抑制率;
肺指数=肺重/体重×100%
肺指数抑制率(%)=(模型组肺指数一给药组肺指数)/模型组肺指数×100%
表6.复方提取物对流感病毒感染小鼠肺指数的影响(x±S,n=12)
注:与正常对照组比较,##P<0.01;与模型组比较,*P<0.05,**P<0.01。
由表6可见,与正常对照组比较,模型组小鼠肺指数显著升高(P<0.01);与模型组比较,复方提取物1和2可明显降低流感病毒感染小鼠肺指数(P<0.05)。应用SPSS13.0统计软件包对各组数据进行统计学分析,剂量资料以平均值±标准差(x±S)表示,各组组间比较采用t检验;
结论:
本发明所述的感冒的复方药物,通过建立小鼠流感病毒肺炎模型,以肺指数为观测指标考察复方提取物1和2两个样品的抗病毒活性,为复方提取物的进一步抗感冒药研究开发提供依据。结果表明,感冒复方药物可明显降低流感病毒感染小鼠肺指数(P<0.05)。
Claims (2)
1.一种治疗感冒的复方药物,其特征在于是由原料药神香草50-200份、洋甘菊50-200份、薄荷50-200份、天山堇菜50-200份、莴苣籽50-200份、一枝蒿50-200份、破布木果50-200份、大枣50-200份,辅料为淀粉50-400份、乳糖50-400份、糊精50-200份、甘露醇50-400份或羧甲基淀粉钠50-200份制成,将神香草、洋甘菊和薄荷混合,采用水提取获得挥发油,将挥发油进行环糊精包合,水提取液备用;再将天山堇菜、莴苣籽、一枝蒿、破布木果、大枣混合,采用溶剂提取,提取液与神香草、洋甘菊、薄荷水提取液混合,经除杂、浓缩、干燥后获得的提取物,再将提取物与环糊精包合物及辅料制成感冒复方药。
2.根据权利要求1所述的治疗感冒的药物的制备方法,其特征在于具体操作按下列步骤进行:
a、取神香草50-200份、洋甘菊50-200份和薄荷50-200份,用8-15倍量的水,按常规方法提取挥发油,提取时间1-8小时,收取挥发油,挥发油采用环糊精包合后备用;剩余的水提取液滤过,浓缩,备用;
b、取天山堇菜50-200份、莴苣籽50-200份、一枝蒿50-200份、破布木果50-200份、大枣50-200份,用8-20倍量的溶剂为水或浓度为30-80%乙醇提取1-4次,温度为30-100℃,每次提取时间为0.5-3小时;
c、将步骤b中提取液滤过,浓缩后,与步骤a的水提取液合并,浓缩、干燥即得干浸膏,再将干浸膏粉碎成粉末,与步骤a中的环糊精包合的挥发油充分混合后,即得复方提取物;
d、将步骤c提取物与辅料淀粉50-400份、乳糖50-400份、糊精50-200份、甘露醇50-400份或羧甲基淀粉钠50-200份混匀,按常规制药方法制成颗粒、胶囊或片剂。
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