CN105801298A - Microorganism targeted flora solid organic and inorganic compound fertilizer - Google Patents
Microorganism targeted flora solid organic and inorganic compound fertilizer Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the application technology of organic and inorganic compound fertilizer and particularly relates to a microorganism targeted flora solid organic and inorganic compound fertilizer. At present, most organic and inorganic compound fertilizer is processed and produced through the direct mixing and granulating process technology. Cross combination and incompatibility loss of chemical components of the compound fertilizer increase cost, and in order to overcome defects in the prior art, optimized combination is conducted through the granulation method according to the interrelationship between generation and restriction of different physical property components of organic elements and inorganic elements. Compound mixing and recombination are conducted according to different soil conditions of different areas. According to optimal energy configuration of organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer, microorganism organic fertilizer accounts for 80% of the compound fertilizer in compatibility proportion, wherein organic fertilizer granulation raw materials account for 70%, and inorganic fertilizer granulation additives account for 10%.The inorganic fertilizer accounts for 20% of the compound fertilizer in basic compatibility proportion. The compound fertilizer is prepared through the procedures of smashing, screening, centralized piling, synthesis fermentation, airing and the like.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the application technology of fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer Chemical Mixed Fertilizer, particularly relate to a kind of microorganism targeting flora SOLID ORGANIC inorganic composite mixed fertilizer.
Technical background
Along with globalization extensive use of chemical fertilizer, the impact of pesticide main trend, the consumption that makes of world Fertilizer is increased to 100,000,000 2 thousand 6 million tons in 1984 by the 14000000 of nineteen fifty tons.In the meantime, also increasing every year.This artificial inverse vicious cycle, not only causes the deterioration of the ecological environment such as soil, water body, and agricultural quality declines, and meanwhile, brings serious threat also to human survival health.
According to statistics, the whole world has 21,000,000 hectares of fertile arable lands to lose production capacity every year, goes down by this trend development, and to the end of this century, the arable area in the whole world will reduce 1/3.Ecological environment, health are brought with the impact becoming serious, has caused the great attention of people.The total cultivated area of China has descended to 1,800,000,000 mu, per capita less than 1.4 mu, has below the warning line of the per capita cultivated land 0.8 mu that the per capita cultivated land of 664 cities and counties determines in the United Nations.Realizing foodgrain self-sufficiency self-sustaining, ensure the staple food supply fundamental state policy as China, all previous governments all attach great importance to.In order to meet people's demand to grain and agricultural byproducts, it is necessary to increase grain yield, and applying chemical fertilizer is the effective means improving grain yield.Current traditional fertilizer such as nitrate fertilizer, ammoniacal nitrogen fertilizer, amide nitrogen fertilizer, cyanamide nitrogen fertilizer etc., all has certain effect of increasing production.Generally, the chemical fertilizer of a ton is used, it is possible to increase production the grain of 9 tons.But after 1984, along with being continuously increased of fertilizer application amount, pay again the cost of Soil structure heavy damage.In some developed areas of China, nitrogen application is substantially excessive, causes that the nitrate nitrogen of soil accumulates in a large number, thus easily causes nitrate in the accumulation of food chain and conversion.The trace element such as copper, zinc, manganese, the vital functions plant, animal and human serves as important role, lacks this dvielement and can cause physiological dysfunctions and cause corresponding disease.Thus, it is a kind of harmful acts and efforts for expediency that the good environment to sacrifice soil is developed the economy, be subject in the end the Nature be further intensified revenge or mankind itself.
The sudden emergence of Tiny ecosystem agricultural, not only reflects the mankind to back to nature, a wonderful dream of protection environment., also can man's lot for change meanwhile, bring new life.
Organic and the inorganic composite mixed fertilizer come into the market at present, mostly with fertilizer and inorganic chemistry fertilizer raw material compatibility by a certain percentage, the Technology of direct mixing granulation is processed producing.Due to the microbe composition in fertilizer with the chemical composition in inorganic fertilizer intersect chemical combination, mutual restraint between two drugs consume, organic predetermined effect with inorganic composite mixed fertilizer usually can be made significantly to shrink, waste resource, increase cost.
Summary of the invention
For overcoming the deficiency of current condition, for avoiding the mutual inhibition and generation of two kinds of different physical property compositions, the present invention interpromotion and interrestraint relation according to organic element physical property composition different from inorganic elements, adopt the method for pelletize to be respectively optimized combination.Thereafter compound restructuring is carried out depending on the different soils situation of zones of different again.
By fertilizer and the configuration of inorganic fertilizer optimum capacity, and the synthesis legion formed.Both can effectively play inorganic fertilizer and stablize the advantage of fertility, the original improvement soil of microorganism targeting flora fertilizer can be passed through again, promote organic, strengthen crops mouthfeel, extend the fruit and vegetable food shelf-life, effectively prevent the multivalent effect of pest and disease damage.
The present invention is initially with microbial technique, from more than 90 strains of more than 10 Pseudomonas such as photosynthetic bacteria, actinomycetes, yeast, lactic acid bacteria, precisely select: photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus), yeast original seed bacterium, trichoderma, bacillus subtilis and biological enzyme activator, poly-aspartate (poly-peptide organized enzyme) are as basic strain.Growing again through strain optimization, fermentation training, quantify the microbial techniques such as restructuring, the microbial bacterial agent with target function effect is released in innovation.
Making microorganism targeting flora SOLID ORGANIC inorganic composite mixed fertilizer by the present invention, every cubic centimetre of viable count is up to 3-4 hundred million, higher than common fertilizer 6-7 times.
The present invention is as a kind of conventional soil fertilizer synergist and innovation soil conditioner.Also by efficiently controlling greenhouse vegetable circulation plantation and the salinization of soil that causes and effective soil protection fertility, increase the miniature organism amount of soil organic matter content, ECE, available nutrient, the voidage of raising soil and permeability and soil, improve the yield and quality of vegetable.Simultaneously as soil sterilants, industrialness can be polluted the soil damaged and the soil that causes of environmental disruption and use chemical fertilizer and pesticide excessively causes the soil hardened, take sedimentation etc. to carry out soil remediation, fully achieve that cost is low, effect that instant effect, preventing and treating are held concurrently mutually.
Microbial organic fertilizer in the present invention requires that the Essential Environment possessed is characterized by:
Microenvironment: the microenvironment of microorganism refers to directly affect microbe survival and development, the surrounding of the microbial cell the closest with the relation of microorganism；
Stability: due to the multiformity of microbe species in microbial ecosystem so that it is when a range of change of environmental condition, the characteristic of microbe species composition C.T；
Adaptability: during the microenvironment generation acute variation of microorganism, the characteristic of respective change can occur the structure of community of microorganism.
The growth of microorganism rule that microbial organic fertilizer in the present invention is followed and breeding method be:
The growth rhythm of micropopulation: phase of adjustment, logarithmic (log) phase, stable phase and decline phase；
Certain a small amount of microbial bacteria is inoculated on the fluid medium of constant container, and is positioned under suitable condition and cultivates, the micropopulation growing state in period sampling measuring culture medium；
Step is: inoculation artificial culture period sampling measuring growth.
The environmental factors that microbial organic fertilizer part of the present invention is focused on is:
Temperature: the temperature in growth of microorganism the most vigorous period is optimum growth temperature；
PH value: after exceeding optimum PH scope, can affect the stability etc. of the activity of enzyme, cell membrane, thus affecting the microorganism absorption etc. to nutrient substance；The optimum PH of most microbial bacterials is 6.5-7.5, and fungus optimum PH is 5.0-6.0；
Oxygen: the situation of oxygen content in environment, the growth to the micropopulation of different metabolic type, has different impacts.According to the microorganism requirement to oxygen content, can be divided into: aerobic, anaerobic type and amphimicrobe.
The basic proportion compatibility of the present invention is:
Microbial organic fertilizer accounts for the 80% of Chemical Mixed Fertilizer proportion compatibility, and wherein 70% as fertilizer granulation raw material, and 10% as the pelletizing additives of inorganic fertilizer；
Inorganic fertilizer accounts for the 20% of the basic proportion compatibility of Chemical Mixed Fertilizer.
The material combination ratio of 80% microbial organic fertilizer is:
Microbial organic fertilizer major ingredient 40%, wherein: organic farm manure: 24% (people, fowl, animal manure just each 1/3rd)；Organic waste rejected material slag: 8%；Organic agronomic crop straw: 8%；
Micropopulation culture medium compatibility adjuvant 20%, wherein: Carnis Bovis seu Bubali cream 2%；Dare's bean 4% (extraction of the juice)；Syrup 5% boiling (by white sugar 2%, sugar slag 3% mix preparation)；Succus Bambusae 4%；Starch 5%；
Microorganism targeting flora and additive 20%, wherein: photosynthetic bacteria 2%, bacillus subtilis 3% (generation), on 1000 hundred million/grams；Lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus) 3%；Yeast original seed bacterium 3%；Trichoderma 3%；Poly-aspartate (poly-peptide organized enzyme)；3%；Biological enzyme activator 3%.
The material combination ratio of 20% inorganic fertilizer is: nitrogenous fertilizer 40%, phosphate fertilizer 25%, potash fertilizer 35%.
The primary efficacy of N P and K inorganic fertilizer:
Nitrogen: be the main component constituting protein, the growth of stem and leaf and the growth of fruit played an important role, is the nutrient the closest with yield.Before the first fringe fruit is expanded rapidly, the absorbtivity of nitrogen is gradually increased by plant.Later in whole period of duration, particularly result contains the phase, and absorbtivity reaches summit.During nitrogen starved plot, plant is short and small, yellowing leaf, and bud differentiation postpones, and flower bud number reduces, and fruit is little, bears fruit less or not result, yields poorly, poor quality.When nitrogen is too much, plant excessive growth, flourishing, it is easy to cause a large amount of fallen flowers, fruit development is stagnated, and sugar content reduces, and plant premunition weakens.The Fructus Lycopersici esculenti needs to nitrogenous fertilizer, seedling stage is indispensable, suitably controls, it is prevented that excessive growth；Fruiting period answers diligent Shi Duoshi, it is ensured that the needs of fruit development.
Phosphorus: can promote Fructus Lycopersici esculenti bud differentiation, yields positive results ahead of time, promotes seedlings root growth and improves fruit quality.During phosphorus deficiency, plumelet and root growth are slow, and plant is short and small, and leaf color is dark green, matt, back side purple.Fructus Lycopersici esculenti is to the absorption of phosphorus with plant strain growth early stage for height, and when the first fringe fruit grows to Semen Juglandis size, plant P uptake by plants accounts for the time of infertility 90%.So, tomato seedling can not phosphorus deficiency, in order to avoid affecting bud differentiation.The ability that Fructus Lycopersici esculenti absorbs phosphate fertilizer is more weak, and absorbance especially at low temperatures is relatively low.Base manure generally made by phosphate fertilizer, it is also possible to 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate makes foliage-spray, carries out foliage top dressing.Potassium promotes synthesis and the transport of aminoacid, protein and carbohydrate in plant, to postponing plant senesecence, extends fruiting period, and increasing later stage yield has good effect.
Potassium: can promote that plants stems stalk is healthy and strong, improve fruit quality, strengthen plant cold tolerance, improving the sugar of fruit and ascorbic content, the same with the situation of nitrogen, phosphorus, first potassium deficiency symptom comes across Lao Ye.During Potassium status deficiency, carbohydrate metabolism is interfered, and photosynthesis is suppressed, and Repiration is strengthened.Therefore, during potassium deficiency, plant anti-adversity ability weakens, and is subject to disease invasion and attack, and fruit quality declines, painted bad.The demand of potash fertilizer is mainly after the rapid expanding stage of fruit by Fructus Lycopersici esculenti.Potash fertilizer is usually and applies when base manure, and fruit expanding period can use compound fertilizer or foliage-spray 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate.In plant, major part calcium is present in leaf, and in Lao Ye, the content of calcium is higher than tender leaf, and substantial amounts of calcium is fixed in the mesoglea of cell wall with the form of Calcium Pectate, becomes the important component of cytoplasma membrane and cell wall.Calcium can promote formation and the growth of root, promotes stem stalk thick and stiff, increases Nutrient Absorption, sugared and ascorbic content in favourable raising tamato fruit.Due to calcium in plant not easily moveable and redistribute, be first that growing point is dead during calcium deficiency, upper blade turns yellow, and blade tip leaf margin is wilted, and petiole distorts, and stem top is necrotic spot, the black corruption of umbilical part.Can with 0.4% calcium chloride solution foliage-spray during calcium deficiency.Calcium is present in young tender organ more, is the important composition element of chlorophyll molecule.Magnesium is the single-minded activator of multiple enzyme, can promote Repiration and the building-up process of nucleic acid, protein, and promote sugar and the formation of fat, be conducive to the nutrient substance of Fructus Lycopersici esculenti from Lao Ye to young leaves and young tender organ metastasis.Magnesium element lacks, and Lao Ye leaf margin, vein chlorosis produce withered speckle or death, and fruit is little and low yield.Foliage top dressing is carried out with 0.2% Adlerika during Fructus Lycopersici esculenti magnesium deficiency.Sulfur is the component of protein, and the biotin in vitamin, vitamin, pantothenic acid are all sulfur-containing compounds, and sulfur is again the constituent of many important enzymes.Owing to sulfur mobility in vivo is poor, the disease of a lack of sulfur becomes more fully apparent from than Lao Ye at spire.During a lack of sulfur, metabolic is chaotic, affects the synthesis of aminoacid, protein, fat and carbohydrate, causes tomato leaf flavescence, last volume, stem purpling.Foliage-spray is carried out with 0.01%～0.1% potassium sulfate solution during Fructus Lycopersici esculenti a lack of sulfur.Outside a great number of elements such as trace element is denitrogenated, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, Fructus Lycopersici esculenti also needs to the trace element such as ferrum, manganese, boron, zinc, copper, molybdenum, during these trace element deficiencies, plant strain growth is bad, during as found nutritional deficiency symptom, and should the corresponding micro-fertilizer of foliage-spray immediately.
In brief, the effect of plant be can be summarized as by N P and K: potassium profit bar, phosphorus profit seed, nitrogen profit Seedling.
The primary efficacy of microbial organic fertilizer major ingredient 40% includes:
In people, animal, poultry manure fertilizer: containing the nutrient substance do not digested and not assimilated by animal in a large number, if protein, vitamin B group, lysine, mineral element, crude fat and some crude fibre, vitamin etc. are the organic substances that nutritive value is the highest.
Dead meal slag；Organic Chinese herb residues, waste material of edible mushroom, sugar slag, schlempe in containing N, P, K, etc. trace element and aminoacid, hormones, sugar, vitamin and the material such as lignin and cellulose.
Agricultural crop straw；Containing nutrient N, P, K, Ca, S and lignin and cellulose etc. necessary to crop in agricultural crop straw, be not only important Organic Ingredients and also help mushroom Fast-propagation, loose fertilizer improves the structural behaviour of fertilizer.
The primary efficacy of micropopulation culture medium compatibility adjuvant 20% includes:
Carnis Bovis seu Bubali cream 2%, Dare's bean 4% (extraction of the juice), Succus Bambusae 4%, starch 5%, syrup 5% base stock in, incrystallizable nubbin in the bran of raw material of especially refining sugar slurry, can improve fermenting speed and fermented quality accelerates fungus grown.
The primary efficacy of microorganism targeting flora and additive 20% includes:
Photosynthetic bacteria (be called for short PSB): be occur on the earth the earliest, ubiquity in nature, there is the prokaryote of original luminous energy synthetic system, be the general name under anaerobic not putting the photosynthetic antibacterial of oxygen.It is distributed widely in the soil of nature, paddy field, marsh, lake, Jiang Hai etc., the anoxic zone being distributed mainly in aquatic environment light and being transmitted to.
In aquaculture, it is possible to the nitrite in degraded water body, the noxious substance such as sulfide, it is achieved serve as bait, purify water, prevent disease, as functions such as feed additives.Photosynthetic bacteria strong adaptability, can restrain oneself the organic wastewater of high concentration, the poisonous substance such as phenol, cyanogen is had and necessarily stands and capacity of decomposition, has stronger decomposition and inversion ability.Its many characteristics so that it is there is huge using value in Non-environmental Pollution Aquiculture.
Photosynthetic bacteria is distributed widely in the soil of nature, paddy field, marsh, lake, Jiang Hai etc., the anoxic zone being distributed mainly in aquatic environment light and being transmitted to.The suitable water temperature of photosynthetic bacteria is 15-40 DEG C, and optimum water temperature is 28-36 DEG C.In its cell dry matter, protein content is up to more than 60%, its Amino Acid Composition of Proteins From Thermophlles is more complete, possibly together with multivitamin in cell, especially vitamin B group is extremely abundant, Vb2, folic acid, pantothenic acid, biotin content also higher, simultaneously possibly together with biological active substanceies such as substantial amounts of carotenoid, ubiquinones.Therefore, photosynthetic bacteria has significantly high nutritive value, this just it in aquaculture as training water bait and as feed adding component material base.
Photosynthetic bacteria can carry out photosynthesis in the environment having illumination anoxia, utilizes luminous energy to carry out photosynthesis, utilize luminous energy assimilation carbon dioxide, with green plants the difference is that, their photosynthesis is non-oxygen-production.Only one of which photosystem in photosynthetic bacteria cell, i.e. PSI, photosynthetic original hydrogen donor is not water, but H2S (or some Organic substances), so it carries out photosynthetic result is create H2, decomposing organic matter, can also fix the dinitrogen ammonifying of air simultaneously.Photosynthetic bacteria, in the assimilation process of self, completes again and produces chemical process particularly important in hydrogen, fixed nitrogen, three nature material circulation of decomposing organic matter.The physiological property of these uniquenesses makes they status in ecosystem seem particularly important.
The photosynthetic bacteria used in aquaculture is mainly some kinds in photoheterotrophy type Rhodospirillaceae (Rhodospirillaceae), for instance Rhodopseudomonas palustris (Rhodopseudanonaspalustris)；
In, sea water light at nature usual every milliliter containing more or less a hundred PSB bacterium, the thalline of photosynthetic bacteria is using the Organic substances such as organic acid, aminoacid, ammonia and carbohydrate and hydrogen sulfide as oxygen donator, energy is obtained by photophosphorylation, water can directly utilize under illumination condition degraded organic matter and hydrogen sulfide and make self to be bred, with entering to have purified water body.
In addition, possibly together with carbon element stored substance glycogen and poly-β monohydroxy butanoic acid, ubiquinone, antiviral substance and positive growth factor in cell, there is significantly high feed value, aquaculture has broad application prospects.PSB, under anaerobism illumination condition, can utilize the low molecule organic matters such as lower fatty acid, multiple dicarboxylic acids, alcohols, saccharide, aromatic compound as photosynthetic electron acceptor, carry out photoheterotrophy growth.Organic substance can be utilized under dark condition to carry out aerobic or heterotrophic growth as respiratory substrate.Photosynthetic bacteria can not only utilize luminous energy assimilation CO2 under anaerobism illumination, and can also carry out nitrogen fixation under certain conditions and produce hydrogen under azotase effect.It addition, some strain also can produce hydrogen through metabolism of pyruvate systemic effect under dark anaerobic condition.Photosynthetic bacteria can also utilize many organic substances such as organic acid.Alcohol, saccharide converted some noxious substance such as H2S and some aromatic compound etc..PSB passes through bioconversion, can synthesize nontoxic, have no side effect and rich in the tropina of all kinds of nutrient substance, not only improve ecological environment, also provide high-quality feedstuff for aquaculture.Growth of animal had the vitamin B12 of facilitation, biotin, pantothenic acid, carotenoid, chlorophyll by PSB thalline and forms the content of relevant folic acid far above general microorganism with hemopoietic, hemoglobin, especially containing biotin D mono-isomer that manually can not synthesize.These materials all have notable physiologically active in aquaculture in animal body, and culturing pool can be divided into aerobic zone and anaerobic zone by the size of content of oxygen dissolved in water by top layer to bottom.Top layer biological self reproducing is vigorous, and water quality is generally better；Excreta that bottom then have accumulated fish and shrimp and the food waste not run out, organic abundant, cause the amount reproduction of microorganism, consume substantial amounts of oxygen in water, cause that ground bottom forms oxygen-free environment, sulfate reducting bacteria amount reproduction, produces the hydrogen sulfide of the toxic effect of fish and shrimp, acidic materials etc..It is have anaerobic condition that this environment of cultivation ground bottom is exactly the condition one being suitable to photosynthetic bacteria existence, and two is this light filter of aerobic water layer that light passes through to cover above, makes photosynthetic bacteria can absorb the 450-550 mum wavelength light of suitable growth.Photosynthetic bacteria utilizes the ground fish and shrimp Excreta at the end, food waste and poisonous and hazardous hydrogen sulfide, acidic materials as substrate amount reproduction, improves dissolved oxygen content in water body, regulates pH, and make ammonia nitrogen.Nitrite nitrogen, nitric nitrogen content reduce, and mud accumulation at the bottom of pond reduces, and is of value to algae and the increase of miniature organism quantity, makes water body be purified.PSB can carry out the physiological functions such as light compositing, aerobic respiration, fixed nitrogen, carbon sequestration, and rich in proteins, vitamin, somatomedin, the nutritional labeling such as immune factor, functionally can compare favourably with antibiotic, and have more safety, be that biological engineering has one of promising research field.Photosynthetic bacteria preparation also has disease-resistant, the growth promotion function of uniqueness, substantially increases production performance, shows increasingly huger potentiality in application aspect.Other has broad application prospects purifying water, in the exploitation of raising fish and shrimp, its feeding, organic fertilizer and new forms of energy.
Bacillus subtilis (Bacillussubtilis): pathogenic bacterium are had obvious inhibitory action by subtilin that bacillus subtilis thalline produces in growth course, polymyxin, nystatin, Gramicidin isoreactivity material; the growth of plant can be promoted; add plant height and leaf area; improve the activity of plant SOD, POD and CAT protective enzyme; reduce the content of MDA; activating soil; prevent from hardening; improve the fertilizer efficiency of soil itself, improve the yield of crops and the quality of fruit.
Lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus): Bifidobacterium, the breeding of harmful bacteria can be suppressed, can efficient-decomposition Organic substance, degradation of ammonia nitrogen, nitrite and heavy metal ion, lactic acid bacteria can at short notice by breeding generation metabolic active substance, available aminoacid (such as lysine and methionine) is provided, organic acid, hydrogen peroxide, carbon dioxide etc. and various vitamin (vitamin B complex and K, H etc.), bacteriocin can also be produced, as: nisalpin, lactein, bite acid rhzomorph etc..Suppress harmful bacteria breeding, make fertilizer produce slant acidity, improve overall fertile matter.Lactic acid bacteria is the activating agent of all biologies, plant, and the growings such as vegetable, fruit and corn rise important active function, and accelerates the fermentation of compost, and deodorization and soil improvement are also had remarkable result.
Trichoderma: trichoderma is in filamentous fungi class, for various plants pathogen, there is antagonism, especially soil transmissibility fungus, such as reaping hook pathogenic bacteria (Fusariumspp.), rotten mildew fungus (Pythiumspp.), sclerotium rolfsii (Sclerotiumrolfsii) and Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn (Rhizoctoniasolani) etc., be commonly applied to Biological control.Trichoderma mainly has the effects such as antibiosis, super parasitic and competing life for the antagonism of phytopathogen.Because trichoderma mycelial growth is quick, strong for stress tolerance, be conducive to the competition of soil environment and the foundation of group, also can produce antibiotics, such as gliotoxin and gliovirin, there is the effect of anti-rotten mildew fungus Pythiumultimum processed.Its super parasitism can make it parasitize to cause phytopathogen dead on the thalline of pathogenic fungi, causes its thalline to hang contracting death as trichoderma can parasitize on Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn.
Yeast: most yeast can be located away from rich in the environment of saccharide, such as some fruit (Fructus Vitis viniferae, Fructus Mali pumilae, Fructus Persicae etc.) or plant secretion thing (juice such as Radix et Caulis Opuntiae Dillenii).Some yeast are lived in insect bodies.Yeast is single celled eukaryotic microorganism, has typical eucaryotic cell structures, has cell wall, cell membrane, nucleus, Cytoplasm, vacuole, mitochondrion etc., and what have also has microbody.
Yeast is divided into fresh yeast, dry yeast two kinds, is a kind of edible, nutritious unicellular microorganism, upper of threpsology it be called " inexhaustible nutrient source ".Except protein, carbohydrate, lipid, yeast is also rich in multivitamin, mineral and enzyme.Have it is demonstrated experimentally that protein contained by every 1 kilogram of dry yeast, be equivalent to the protein content of 5 kilograms of rice, 2 kilograms of Semen sojae atricolor or 2.5 kilograms of Carnis Sus domesticas.Therefore, nutritional labeling contained in steamed bread, bread to exceed 3-4 times than large flat bread, noodles, and protein increases nearly 2 times.
Yeast after fermentation or a kind of very strong polyphenoils, it is possible to the liver protecting, have certain Detoxication.The hardening of the mineral energy defying age such as selenium in yeast, chromium, antitumor, prevention of arterial, and improve the immunity of human body.After fermentation, in flour, a kind of phytic acid affecting the element absorption such as calcium, magnesium, ferrum can be decomposed, thus improving human body to the absorption of these nutrient substance and utilization.
Yeast produces substantial amounts of carbon dioxide in dough fermentation, and due to the formation of gluten network tissue, and it is left in reticular tissue, and making baked goods tissue looseness porous, volume increases.Yeast also has the effect increasing gluten extension, and when making fermentation, produced carbon dioxide can be retained in dough, improves the gas-holding ability of dough.As then acted on without this with chemical bulking agents.
Because the main component of yeast is protein, almost account for the half content of yeast dry matter, and essential amino acid content is sufficient, the lysine content especially relatively lacked in corn is more.On the other hand, containing substantial amounts of vitamin B1, vitamin B2 and nicotinic acid.So, yeast can improve the nutritive value of fermented food.
The yeast of unicellular eukaryote has the complete gene expression regulation mechanism of comparison and the processing Modifying Capability to expression product.Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Saccharomyces.Cerevisiae) by the understanding of people the earliest, is also the yeast host at first as exogenous gene expression in molecular genetics.
Yeast equally needs similar nutrient substance with other organism lived, bacteria-like the same it have in a set of born of the same parents and exoenzyme system, the small-molecule substance easily utilized in order to macromolecular substances to resolve into cell metabolism belongs to heterotrophism.
As other antibacterials, yeast must have water to survive, but the moisture that yeast needs is fewer than other antibacterials, and some yeast can grow in the environment that moisture content is few, and such as Mel and fruit jam, this shows that infiltration is pressed with at a relatively high toleration by them.
Yeast can grow in the scope that pH value is 3.0-7.5, and optimum pH is pH4.5-5.0.
Under the freezing point lower than water or the temperature higher than 47 DEG C, yeast cells generally can not grow, and optimum growth temperature is typically in 20 DEG C-30 DEG C.
Yeast can grow in the environment of aerobic and anaerobic, and namely yeast is facultative anaerobe, and when aerobic, it breaks sugar into carbon dioxide and water, and when aerobic exists, Yeast Growth is very fast.When anoxia, yeast breaks sugar into ethanol and carbon dioxide.The yeast S. cerevisiae (also referred to as bakery yeast) (Saccharomycescerevisiae) the most often mentioned, since prehuman in several thousand is just with its fermentation bread and drinks, in the process of acid ferment bread and steamed bread, dough can release carbon dioxide.
Because yeast belongs to simple unicellular eukaryote, it is easy to cultivate, and growth is rapidly, is widely used in modern biology research.If saccharomyces cerevisiae is as important model organism, also it is hereditism and molecular biological important research material.Containing cyclic DNA---plasmid in yeast, it is possible to be used for making engineered carrier.
Biological enzyme activator: be on the basis of enzyme phosphate solubilizing bacteria, adds and promotes acitve organic matter that phosphorus decomposes and the efficient activator produced, activate multiple enzyme, promote that crop synthesizes multiple antibiotic substance, is obviously enhanced crop resistance；Fully meeting multiple element demand, nutrient balance is reasonable, and fertilizer efficiency is surely long, regulates Stoma of Leaves and opens a business, keep moisture, promotes root growth and vigor, resist arid and hot dry wind；Improve chlorophyll content in leaf blades, stimulate photosynthesis, strengthen the anti-adversity abilities such as cold-resistant, freeze proof, promote precocity；Activate the nutrients such as soil beneficial microbe, activation unavailable phosphorus, ferrum, calcium, magnesium, improve soil physico-chemical property；In promotion, acid agrichemical dissolve, Synergistic slow release, reduce toxicity, reduce consumption, improve chemistry security.Stimulating rapidly in crop body and synthesize multiple enzyme, promote crop root more flourishing, alimentation is more sufficient, and leaf photosynthesis is obviously enhanced, and the effective speed of growth improving trees, the speed that treelet grows into forest dramatically speeds up.
The capital equipment guarantee of the present invention:
The capital equipment that microorganism targeting flora is cultivated includes:
Seed tank (one-level, two grades)；According to volume of production, fermentation tank (can determine that container is cultivated in the flora fermentation that volume does not wait)；Refrigeration machine；Agitator；High temperature suction pump；Open pan；Send oxygen machine；Pump；Microbial inoculum holding vessel.
The capital equipment of sizing packaging compound fertilizer product processing includes:
Transporting equipment；Pulverizer；Blender；Granulator；Stirring stacks equipment；Temperature measuring equipment；Drying plant；Filling machine etc..Under the premise that the said equipment is ready to, just can implement operation according to its step.
Detailed description of the invention
Specific embodiment of the invention step is as follows with technological process:
1, site requirements: operation in heat preservation greenhouse should be selected during less than 0 degree temperature；Can in place smooth, that face south, ventilate during more than 0 degree temperature；Site area should ensure that more than 300 square metres.
2, microbial organic fertilizer accounts for formula material preparation and the processing of Chemical Mixed Fertilizer proportion compatibility 80%:
Ready according to the ratio of microbial organic fertilizer major ingredient 40%, micropopulation culture medium compatibility adjuvant 20%, microorganism targeting flora and additive 20%.Then following processing is carried out.
Fertilizer major ingredient is processed: by pulverizer by 8% crops stalk crushing to 150 orders → with motor-vibro screen by 24% the mixing of farm manure and 8% dead meal slag sieve and prepare → add the hot water of quantitative 40% (spending for 40 degree-45), with the stacking of turning machine mix；
Culture medium compatibility adjuvant is processed: Carnis Bovis seu Bubali cream by 2% and Dare's bean pulverizer of 4% pulverize → put into juice extractor is squeezed the juice the syrup white sugar of 2% (, 3% sugar slag) of extractions → by 5%, 4% Succus Bambusae, 5% the water of starch addition equivalent, mixing in saucepan boils is cooked into slurry and does culture medium raw material；
The training of the processing of microorganism targeting flora and additive first targeting flora is grown: strain chooses → targeting flora composition: by photosynthetic bacteria 2%, bacillus subtilis 3% (generation), 1000 hundred million/grams upper, lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus) 3%, yeast original seed bacterium 3%, trichoderma 3%, poly-aspartate (poly-peptide organized enzyme) 3%, biological enzyme activator 3%, carry out scientific compatibility → targeting flora composition → put into seed tank and cultivate；Then processing: when culture medium raw material puts into (42-45 degree) special reactive hydrogen water → add water of in products material 40% simultaneously with sending oxygen machine to send the fermentation that oxygen → put into 25% targeting flora preparation → targeting flora carries out 20 days at fermentation tank to cultivate when fermentation cylinder for fermentation to 42-45 is spent, in tank temperature more than 60 degree time use chiller refrigeration homoiothermic.
3, finished product processing: major ingredient is stacked and is warmed up to 42-45 when spending, adds synthesis targeting flora preparation with mix limit, turning machine limit；
Synthesis material is stacked: by uniform for mix synthesis material by tape transport to trapezoidal heap position, it is desirable to trapezoidal heap to stack and to reach basic specification wide 2 meters, length 5 meters, high 1 meter of echelon drop on the sunny side；
Synthesis material fermentation at elevated temperatures: add a cover insulation film on trapezoidal heap, optimum fermentation temp is advisable with 55 degree of-60 degree.Temperature is more than 30 degree, and fermentation time was advisable with 24 hours；Temperature, more than 15 degree, was advisable with 36 hours；Temperature more than 0 degree, was advisable with 72 hours；Temperature is below 0 degree, it should proceed to operation in heat preservation greenhouse；
Take off film air-dry: all technical in sweat reaches predetermined standard time (temperature index: 55 degree of-60 degree；Detection pH value: during 3.5-7.5) and every cubic centimetre of viable count up to 3-5 hundred million, throw off insulation film during higher than common fertilizer 6-8 times, with turning machine stir air-dry to humidity 20% time with electronic sieved sieve；
4, pelletize: with granulator granulate → Tumble Dry → carry out granulating (pelletize specification is generally: circular 0.3 gram/, cylindrical 0.35 gram /) according to the prilling of fertilizer；Fill.
5, inorganic fertilizer accounts for formula material preparation and the processing of the 20% of the basic proportion compatibility of Chemical Mixed Fertilizer:
First choose the 10% of above-mentioned fertilizer major ingredient processing and do the pelletizing additives (choosing generally processing from fertilizer major ingredient) of inorganic fertilizer, different soils environment further according to zones of different chooses the nitrogen of 20% different ratio, phosphorus, potassium raw material, does inorganic fertilizer major ingredient (usual proportioning: nitrogenous fertilizer 40%, phosphate fertilizer 25%, potash fertilizer 35%).
6, by the prilling of fertilizer, the pelletizing additives of 10% inorganic fertilizer in upper step and the inorganic fertilizer of 20% carried out mixing granulation (pelletize specification is generally: circular 0.3 gram/, cylindrical 0.35 gram /).And fill.
7, choose previous step 30% mixing granulation, again take 70% microorganism targeting flora solid organic fertilizer granule, finally carry out compound synthesis according to above-mentioned organic processing process with inorganic fertilizer.
The product fill (usual every bag: 20 kilograms) of the present invention that 8, shapes.
Claims (7)
1. a microorganism targeting flora SOLID ORGANIC inorganic composite mixed fertilizer, the 80% of Chemical Mixed Fertilizer proportion compatibility is accounted for including microbial organic fertilizer, inorganic fertilizer accounts for the 20% of the basic proportion compatibility of Chemical Mixed Fertilizer, it is characterized in that, described microbial organic fertilizer accounts for the 80% of Chemical Mixed Fertilizer proportion compatibility, including 70% as fertilizer granulation raw material, 10% as the pelletizing additives of inorganic fertilizer.
2. a kind of microorganism targeting flora SOLID ORGANIC inorganic composite mixed fertilizer according to claims 1, it is characterized in that, described microbial organic fertilizer accounts for the 80% of Chemical Mixed Fertilizer proportion compatibility, including microbial organic fertilizer major ingredient 40%, micropopulation culture medium compatibility adjuvant 20%, microorganism targeting flora and additive 20%.
3. a kind of microorganism targeting flora SOLID ORGANIC inorganic composite mixed fertilizer according to claims 2, it is characterised in that described includes microbial organic fertilizer major ingredient 40%, including organic farm manure: 24% (people, fowl, animal manure just each 1/3rd)；Organic waste rejected material slag: 8%；Organic agronomic crop straw: 8%.
4. a kind of microorganism targeting flora SOLID ORGANIC inorganic composite mixed fertilizer according to claims 2, it is characterised in that described micropopulation culture medium compatibility adjuvant 20%, including Carnis Bovis seu Bubali cream 2%；Dare's bean 4% (extraction of the juice)；Syrup 5% boiling (by white sugar 2%, sugar slag 3% mix preparation)；Succus Bambusae 4%；Starch 5%.
5. a kind of microorganism targeting flora SOLID ORGANIC inorganic composite mixed fertilizer according to claims 2, it is characterized in that, described microorganism targeting flora and additive 20%, including photosynthetic bacteria 2%, bacillus subtilis 3% (generation), on 1000 hundred million/grams；Lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus) 3%；Yeast original seed bacterium 3%；Trichoderma 3%；Poly-aspartate (poly-peptide organized enzyme)；3%；Biological enzyme activator 3%.
6. a kind of microorganism targeting flora SOLID ORGANIC inorganic composite mixed fertilizer according to claims 1, it is characterised in that described inorganic fertilizer accounts for the 20% of the basic proportion compatibility of Chemical Mixed Fertilizer, including nitrogenous fertilizer 40%, phosphate fertilizer 25%, potash fertilizer 35%.
7. a kind of microorganism targeting flora solid organic fertilizer according to claims 1, it is characterised in that include following preparation technology flow process:
Fertilizer major ingredient is processed: by pulverizer by 8% crops stalk crushing to 150 orders → with motor-vibro screen by 24% the mixing of farm manure and 8% dead meal slag sieve and prepare → add the hot water of quantitative 40% (spending for 40 degree-45), with the stacking of turning machine mix；
Culture medium compatibility adjuvant is processed: Carnis Bovis seu Bubali cream by 2% and Dare's bean pulverizer of 4% pulverize → put into juice extractor is squeezed the juice the syrup white sugar of 2% (, 3% sugar slag) of extractions → by 5%, 4% Succus Bambusae, 5% the water of starch addition equivalent, mixing in saucepan boils is cooked into slurry and does culture medium raw material；
The training of the processing of microorganism targeting flora and additive first targeting flora is grown: strain chooses → targeting flora composition: by photosynthetic bacteria 2%, bacillus subtilis 3% (generation), 1000 hundred million/grams upper, lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus) 3%, yeast original seed bacterium 3%, trichoderma 3%, poly-aspartate (poly-peptide organized enzyme) 3%, biological enzyme activator 3%, carry out scientific compatibility → targeting flora composition → put into seed tank and cultivate；Then processing: when culture medium raw material puts into (42-45 degree) special reactive hydrogen water → add water of in products material 40% simultaneously with sending oxygen machine to send the fermentation that oxygen → put into 25% targeting flora preparation → targeting flora carries out 20 days at fermentation tank to cultivate when fermentation cylinder for fermentation to 42-45 is spent, in tank temperature more than 60 degree time use chiller refrigeration homoiothermic；
Finished product is processed: major ingredient is stacked and is warmed up to 42-45 when spending, and adds synthesis targeting flora preparation with mix limit, turning machine limit；
Synthesis material is stacked: by uniform for mix synthesis material by tape transport to trapezoidal heap position, it is desirable to trapezoidal heap to stack and to reach basic specification wide 2 meters, length 5 meters, high 1 meter of echelon drop on the sunny side；
Synthesis material fermentation at elevated temperatures: add a cover insulation film on trapezoidal heap, optimum fermentation temp is advisable with 55 degree of-60 degree；Temperature is more than 30 degree, and fermentation time was advisable with 24 hours；Temperature, more than 15 degree, was advisable with 36 hours；Temperature more than 0 degree, was advisable with 72 hours；Temperature is below 0 degree, it should proceed to operation in heat preservation greenhouse；
Take off film air-dry: all technical in sweat reaches predetermined standard time (temperature index: 55 degree of-60 degree；Detection pH value: during 3.5-7.5) and every cubic centimetre of viable count up to 3-5 hundred million, throw off insulation film during higher than common fertilizer 6-8 times, with turning machine stir air-dry to humidity 20% time with electronic sieved sieve；
Pelletize: with granulator granulate → Tumble Dry → carry out granulating (pelletize specification is generally: circular 0.3 gram/, cylindrical 0.35 gram /) according to the prilling of fertilizer；Fill；
Inorganic fertilizer accounts for formula material preparation and the processing of the 20% of the basic proportion compatibility of Chemical Mixed Fertilizer:
First choose the 10% of above-mentioned fertilizer major ingredient processing and do the pelletizing additives (choosing generally processing from fertilizer major ingredient) of inorganic fertilizer, different soils environment further according to zones of different chooses the nitrogen of 20% different ratio, phosphorus, potassium raw material, does inorganic fertilizer major ingredient (usual proportioning: nitrogenous fertilizer 40%, phosphate fertilizer 25%, potash fertilizer 35%)；
By the prilling of fertilizer using in upper step 10% as the pelletizing additives of inorganic fertilizer, add that the inorganic fertilizer of 20% carries out mixing granulation (pelletize specification is generally: circular 0.3 gram/, cylindrical 0.35 gram /)；Fill；
Choose previous step 30% mixing granulation, again take 70% microorganism targeting flora solid organic fertilizer granule, finally carry out compound synthesis according to above-mentioned organic processing process with inorganic fertilizer；The product fill of the sizing present invention.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107306780A (en) * | 2017-07-21 | 2017-11-03 | 闽南师范大学 | A kind of cultivation matrix of vegetables and preparation method thereof and cultural method |
| CN108892580A (en) * | 2018-09-28 | 2018-11-27 | 滨州星阳生物科技有限公司 | A kind of more bacterium Composite microbial inoculum fertilizers |
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| CN101602623A (en) * | 2009-07-14 | 2009-12-16 | 武汉诚亿生物制品有限公司 | A kind of microbial organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN101921150A (en) * | 2010-08-31 | 2010-12-22 | 山西农业大学 | Organic and inorganic compound fertilizer containing organic mineral and inorganic mineral |
| CN102603389A (en) * | 2012-03-21 | 2012-07-25 | 江苏长绿生物科技有限公司 | Organic and inorganic compound fertilizer with broad spectrum |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN1491922A (en) * | 2003-02-26 | 2004-04-28 | 王福临 | Active humic acid biological organic compound fertilizer and its preparing method |
| CN101602623A (en) * | 2009-07-14 | 2009-12-16 | 武汉诚亿生物制品有限公司 | A kind of microbial organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN101921150A (en) * | 2010-08-31 | 2010-12-22 | 山西农业大学 | Organic and inorganic compound fertilizer containing organic mineral and inorganic mineral |
| CN102603389A (en) * | 2012-03-21 | 2012-07-25 | 江苏长绿生物科技有限公司 | Organic and inorganic compound fertilizer with broad spectrum |
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| CN107306780A (en) * | 2017-07-21 | 2017-11-03 | 闽南师范大学 | A kind of cultivation matrix of vegetables and preparation method thereof and cultural method |
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