CN105798299B - The method and device of non-contact control increasing material manufacturing metal parts solidified structure - Google Patents
The method and device of non-contact control increasing material manufacturing metal parts solidified structure Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/40—Radiation means
- B22F12/41—Radiation means characterised by the type, e.g. laser or electron beam
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/25—Direct deposition of metal particles, e.g. direct metal deposition [DMD] or laser engineered net shaping [LENS]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
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- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/50—Means for feeding of material, e.g. heads
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/60—Planarisation devices; Compression devices
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The invention discloses the method and controlled metal 3D printing device of a kind of non-contact control increasing material manufacturing metal parts solidified structure, apply electromagnetic field in the rapid solidification of metal 3D printing, under the action of electromagnetic field, thermocurrent can be produced at the solid/liquid interfaces quickly solidified, thermocurrent produces the thermoelectricity magnetic force of triggering melt flows with magnetic field interaction, dendrite end produces shearing after being subject to the effect of power, causes dendrite fragmentation, forms a large amount of new nucleus；On the other hand, the flowing of melt slow down the temperature gradient in solid/liquid interfaces forward position so that the increase of two-phase section constitutional supercooling, and then add nucleation rate.Reach crystal grain thinning, improve the pattern of crystal grain, tissue is become even compact, and then realize the organizational controls of metal 3D printing part.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of metal parts solidified structure modulation process and equipment, more particularly to a kind of increasing material manufacturing gold
Belong to the method and apparatus of part or the method and apparatus of metal melting 3D printing manufacture metal parts, applied to metal freezing group
Knit control and technical field of electromagnetic metallurgy.
Background technology
Metal increasing material manufacturing, or 3D printing are the three-dimensional mathematical models of Component- Based Development by using laser beam, electronics
The heat sources such as beam, electric arc successively scan fusing metal dust and are allowed to quickly solidification so as to accumulate the new technology to form three-dimensional body,
This feature is allowed to that almost any shape of component can be manufactured.Particularly in the complex component manufacture of aerospace equipment, 3D
Printing shows prominent advantage, has broad application prospects, and is subject to various countries' material processing and manufacturing great attention.Though
Right metal 3D printing has prominent technical advantage, but how to effectively control the metallurgical process of wherein fusing-solidification, and then regulate and control
The defects of solidified structure of component, elimination shrinkage porosite, shrinkage cavity, finally realize the optimization of component performance, it is still necessary to numerous studies.Swash
The essential physical process of light fusing 3D printing is powder or the heating fusing of silk material stimulated light, is departed from after laser irradiates by metal substrate
Or preceding layer alloy strong cold and the process that quickly solidifies.Its solidification and crystallization mechanism is on existing substrate or preceding layer alloy
Epitaxial growth is mixed with forming core, its process of setting is bordering on quick solidification category, it organizes significantly to be refined because cooling rate is high, its
The main stimulated light heating condition of form and the control of substrate cooling condition.Therefore the technology causes there is also column crystal prosperity is also easy to produce
Anisotropy, crystal growth direction is out of control, micropore, the problems such as crackle and deformation, influence its application, be to perplex researcher always
Problem.People have carried out numerous studies for this.
Dendritic morphology feature directly affects performance, thus in laser fusion 3D printing metal parts dendritic morphology change it is first
First paid close attention to be subject to everybody.Since the cooling velocity of laser fusion-solidification is big, the dendrite of alloy refines significantly.Feng Liping
Deng carrying out research discovery to Rene95 nickel base superalloys, an average interdendritic for its solidified structure is away from laser scanning speed
Degree increases to 100mm/s by 1mm/s and is decreased to 5 μm by 20 μm.Likewise, woods is prosperous etc. to point out laser fusion 3D printing 316L not
An average interdendritic for rust steel is decreased to 4 μm away from 100mm/s is increased to by 5mm/s with laser scanning speed by 50 μm.
This feature of laser fusion 3D printing is conducive to the raising of alloy property.On the other hand, high cooling velocity causes laser to melt
Solutes content, distribution and the phase composition for changing 3D printing component also vary widely.For example, V. Juechter are by investigating not
With in Ti-6Al-4V samples under laser scanning speed, the content of different elements is found, content the sweeping with laser of Al in sample
Retouch the raising of speed and increase, they are it is thought that quick solidification causes the increased reason of Al element solid solutions degree in Ti.High is cold
But speed causes the solute for being enriched in solid phase interface forward position to have little time diffusion just by solid phase institute ' phagocytosis ', and this aspect increases molten
The solid solubility of prime element in the base, on the other hand alleviates due to gross segregation caused by solute redistribution.In fact for tool
For having the 3D printing metal parts of fine substructure, to be also easy to by follow-up heat even if there are interdendritic soluterich
Processing eliminates.
Laser fusion 3D printing is successively melted-is solidified the characteristics of piling up shaping and formed solid is passed through in upper strata molten bath
It is out-of-date be heated, heated solid phase region is referred to as the heat affected area in molten bath, the region when molten bath is passed through equivalent into
Go and be once heat-treated.Such as exactly because β phases column crystal thick in laser fusion 3D printing TC4 alloys has smaller growth
The result for having solidified β phases and being further roughened under the multiple effect of heat affected area of activation energy.In addition β phases are sent out in cooling procedure
Raw β → α solid-state phase changes, therefore the final Solid State Structure of 3D printing TC4 alloy parts is had by nascent β phases column crystal with transgranular
β phase compositions between the lath of a large amount of the Wei Shi α laths and certain volume fraction of one phase relationship.These results illustrate that laser melts
The solid solubility of solute element will be increased by changing 3D printing, be conducive to improve the performance of alloy, solid phase " at online heat in heat affected area
The more difficult control of reason ", it is possible to damage performance.
Epitaxial growth column crystal is the main Peculiarities of Solidification Structure of laser fusion 3D printing metal parts, this will cause performance
Anisotropy.The 316L stainless steels solidified structure discovery of the analysis laser fusion 3D printing such as Li Yanmin, what the direction of growth differed
Elongated dendrite is through to top from the bottom of sample, and an average interdendritic is away from 4-50 μm, than being averaged for routine casting tissue
Interdendritic away from hundreds of to small more of thousands of microns.This macrograin is thick, the tiny tissue morphology of transgranular substructure
It is the common tissue morphology of 3D printing hardware.It is different from stainless steel, although still the principal solid tissue of TC4 alloys is tool
There are the β phase column crystals of epitaxial growth characteristic, but occur the equiaxed grain structure that average-size is about 80 μm at the top of sample, this
It is about 600 μm even the β phase column crystals of bigger much smaller than average-size.Huang Weidong and M. Gaumann etc. analyze metal bath
Profiling temperatures propose, since the temperature gradient and cooling velocity of metal bath are gradually reduced by edge to center, because
This molten bath core possesses the condition of equiax crystal forming core growth.But additionally depended in solid microstructure with the presence or absence of isometric crystalline region
Can the condition of column crystal/equiax crystal transforming growth be satisfied.However, even if isometric crystalline region exists, when new one layer of molten bath is passed through
The equiax crystal at the top of preceding layer will be melted, it is again in high-temperature gradient and the growing environment of cooling velocity, continued solidifying
Gu the epitaxial growth characteristic of tissue.Wang Huaming is found that similar situation when studying 3D printing 1Cr12Ni2WMoVNb steel,
Produce heterogeneous structure.In addition to particular/special requirement, columanar structure causes anisotropy, and the use to part is unfavorable, while column
Nonuniform organization caused by brilliant and equiax crystal mixes is also harmful, therefore to try to eliminate.More grind is carried out for this
Study carefully, to obtain uniformly refinement equiaxed grain structure.It is but still main so far to be changed using ' hot means ' such as adjustment laser heating conditions
Become grain structure, such as L. E. Murr have found that the average grain size of Ti-6Al-4V samples prepared by 330W laser is less than
Sample prepared by 780W laser.But the respective optimal printing parameter area of different-alloy is constrained to, this adjusting still extremely has
Limit, thus it is necessary the technological approaches of the new control solidification grain structure of developing.
Internal small hole is a kind of common tissue defects in 3D printing metal parts, it greatly reduces the property of alloy
Energy.Except powder shape is irregular, outside the influence for the mother metal quality such as air content is higher, print parameters mismatch and are also easy to cause
This defect.K. M. Mumtaz etc. carry out laser fusion increasing material manufacturing Waspaloy alloy components research discovery, in sample
The content of hole is reduced as laser energy increases to 9J from 5J, and when laser energy is higher than 9J, the hole amount in sample is on the contrary
Increase.Lin Xin etc. has paid close attention to influence to hole formation of overlapping rate between laser scanning Dao Yu roads and has pointed out, too small overlapping rate
Causing the appearance in ' peak-to-valley ' shape section, excessive overlapping rate can then make to attain the Way so as to increase the possibility of sample Hole formation
Lack of fusion forms larger banding hole between road.J. P. Kruth etc. have paid close attention to laser scanning speed to sample mesoporous
The influence of hole content, it is found that the porosity of the higher sample of sweep speed is higher.The generation of solidification Hole is primarily due to separate out
Gas have little time to escape and wrap up in the alloy and the contraction of interdendritic liquid cannot supplement and form shrinkage porosite.Alloy is special
Property, solidification morphology, temperature field have a major impact it, and the flow field in liquid is to temperature field and solidification morphology and bubble
Movement has great role, therefore by controlling flow field to be expected to eliminate hole defect.
The problem of crackle and deformation are common in laser fusion 3D printing component.Its main inducing is metal bath and matrix
Between, or the thermal stress caused by the huge temperature difference between metal bath and the formed part of part.By to 3D printing
The research of Rene88DT alloys, Huang are defended east etc. and are pointed out, are ensureing between sedimentary and matrix, sedimentary reaches foot between layers
While enough intensity metallurgical bindings, bath superheat degree can be reduced by reducing laser beam energy or improving sweep speed, and then be subtracted
Internal stress during light part forming, Crack prevention are formed.A.H. Nickel etc. then indicates laser beam scan path to part
The influence of suffered internal stress in process, just " long grating ", " short grating ", " ecto-entad is spiral " and " from inside to outside
It is spiral " for four kinds of scanning patterns, " short grating " and " spiral from inside to outside " two kinds of scan modes can reduce to greatest extent
Residual stress in part.In addition to for parameter regulations such as laser energies, N.W. Klingbei etc. also found pre- to matrix
Heat and slow cooling both contribute to reduce the residual stress in formation of parts.Laser fusion solidification heating condition not only to deformation and
Crackle has an impact, and the performance of alloy components itself and geometrical construction also contribute to deformation and the generation of crackle.Yang Jian, Chen Jing
Find that itself plastic deformation ability of part deformation and material is related, and points out the low ductility as Ni20 alloys Deng research
Material, internal stress can even cause it to be broken in forming process.And the strength degree that internal stress exceedes material is that part swashs
In light fusing-process of setting the main reason for crackle formation.In terms of formation of crack, during laser fusion-solidification between primary dendrite by
In the shrinkage porosite that secondary dendrite overlap joint causes molten metal Feeding channel to be closed and produces, it is undoubtedly very important factor.These by
In feeding, caused Micro-v oid will further expand under the action of tension during post forming not in time.It can see
Go out, can mitigate the tendency of deformation and crackle by improving solidified structure.
In summary, the process of setting in 3D printing directly decides the performance and quality of final hardware.And its is cold
But speed is high, and even up to 105K/s, temperature gradient is big, and Repeat-heating, its tissue will be caused unmanageable, be easy to produce column
The defects of shape crystalline substance, nonuniform organization, Micro-v oid, crackle and deformation.Had been unable to meet using the method for conventional adjustment laser parameter
Defect is eliminated, improves the requirement of quality and performance, new there is an urgent need for process of setting in further investigation laser fusion 3D printing and exploration
Control means.
Recent 20 years come, and the research and development of magnetostatic field control metal freezing is rapid, achieves a series of important achievements.Research
Show that magnetostatic field can play the effect of uniqueness in metal freezing, effectively control metal freezing, such as change solid-liquid interface stability,
Arborescent structure is refined, promotes Columnar to equiaxed transition and crystal grain thinning etc. in metal freezing.This non-contacting intervention
The technology of metal solidification process provides new approaches to solve metal freezing control in above-mentioned metal 3D printing, but has not yet to see
It is applied in metal 3D printing technique field.
The content of the invention
In order to solve prior art problem, it is an object of the present invention to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, and to provide one kind
The method and controlled metal 3D printing device of non-contact control increasing material manufacturing metal parts solidified structure, by applying externally-applied magnetic field
Control metal 3D printing solidified structure solidification behavior, thinning solidification structure crystal grain, in order to control solidified structure and obtain uniformly etc.
Axialite tissue provides new way, present invention optimizes the situation that current metal 3D printing solidified structure control means are limited,
The intervention flowed after the irradiations such as mother metal stimulated light, ion beam, electric arc fusing in rapid solidification using magnetic field to conductive melt
Effect, reaches crystal grain refinement, the target of non-uniform components, and 3D printing goes out that tissue is controllable, metal parts of excellent performance.
Purpose is created to reach foregoing invention, design of the invention is as follows：
Apply electromagnetic field in the metal solidification process of metal 3D printing, the conducting metal of flowing produces under magnetic fields
Sense electric current, this electric current produces a body force i.e. electromagnetic force with externally-applied magnetic field interaction in metal bath, suppresses metal and melts
The convection current that body is produced due to excessive temperature gradient.On the other hand, at the solid/liquid interfaces being difficult to avoid that in rapid solidification
Excessive temperature gradient will produce thermocurrent here, which produces the thermoelectricity for inspiring melt flows with externally-applied magnetic field interaction
Magnetic force, so as to achieve the purpose that to stir metal bath.Control for metal bath flow regime, on the one hand can pass through drive
Dynamic molten metal flowing, produces shearing to dendrite end, causes dendrite fragmentation, form new nucleus, crystal grain thinning；Meanwhile flow
Can accelerate bath temperature homogenization, slow down the center liquid pool degree of superheat, slow down solid liquid interface temp gradient at front edge, two-phase section into
Divide supercooling increase, provide condition for inner nucleation, so as to increase nucleation rate, achieve the purpose that crystal grain thinning.On the other hand, thermoelectricity
Magnetic force is present among the solid phase of process of setting at the same time, and the power is directly proportional to temperature gradient, and metal coagulates during metal 3D printing
Gu when solid/liquid interfaces forward position temperature gradient can be up to 105K/m, this will produce objective thermocurrent, mutual with externally-applied magnetic field
Thermoelectricity magnetic force under effect can be in same magnitude with gravity, this will be broken for dendrite and provide possibility.Therefore, magnetic field is passed through
Compound action, crystallite dimension that can be significantly in fining metal solidification component improve the pattern of crystal grain, thinning solidification structure, makes tissue
Become even compact, and then realize the organizational controls of metal 3D printing part.
According to above inventive concept, the present invention uses following technical proposals：
A kind of method of non-contact control increasing material manufacturing metal parts solidified structure, when being manufactured into row metal 3D printing,
By applying external electromagnetic field to metal 3D printing manufacture device, to mother metal powder or raw material silk material in stimulated light, electron beam
Or rapid melting-process of setting carries out non-contact intervention after electric arc irradiation, and then realize the control to metal parts process of setting.
In regulation and control and solid phase of the electromagnetic field to metal bath thermoelectricity magnetic force allow dendrite fracture etc. effect play crystal grain thinning,
Even tissue, the effect for avoiding the defects of shrinkage cavity, crackle from producing, possibility is provided for 3D printing metal parts tissue is controllable.
As currently preferred technical solution, when being manufactured into row metal 3D printing, in mother metal powder or raw material thread
During the raw material supply of material, using vertical gravity transferring raw material mode and any one horizontal sprawled in transferring raw material mode
The synthesis raw material supply mode that independent raw material supply mode or two ways are combined.
As the further preferred technical solution of such scheme, in mother metal powder or the raw material supply process of raw material silk material
In, it is right using vertical gravity transferring raw material mode and the horizontal synthesis raw material supply mode sprawled transferring raw material mode and be combined
The conveying of a variety of mother metal powder or raw material silk material, shapes so as to fulfill the 3D printing of multiple material In-situ reaction.It is used in combination
Powdering is also or automatic powder feeding system carries out 3D printing processing, can comprehensively utilize two ways and be printed, at this time, powdering raw material and powder feeding
Raw material can be two kinds of different metal dusts, be shaped so as to fulfill the 3D printing of multiple material In-situ reaction.
As the further preferred technical solution of such scheme, the external electromagnetic field applied to metal 3D printing manufacture device
It is the integrated magnetic field of any one magnetic field in steady magnetic field, alternating magnetic field and pulsed magnetic field or any several magnetic fields mixing.It is comprehensive
Intersection introduces electromagnetic generator into paving, the common metal 3D printing method of two kinds of powder feeding, realizes that metal coagulates in 3D printing
Gu the magnetic field control of process, can improve the controllability of its process, optimize part solidified structure and performance.
As the further preferred technical solution of such scheme, the external electromagnetic field applied to metal 3D printing manufacture device
Direction is any one direction in vertically and horizontally or any several directions, forms single direction magnetic field or multi-party
To multi-form resultant field, wherein vertical direction includes direction and in top-down direction two kinds of directions, wherein water from the bottom to top
Square to including direction from left to right, from right to left direction, from front to back direction and by rear to four kinds of directions of front direction.
As the further preferred technical solution of such scheme, the external electromagnetic field applied to metal 3D printing manufacture device
Magnetic field intensity to be set from 0T to field generator for magnetic limit size, magnetic field intensity according to the size of metal parts to be processed
Put, i.e., magnetic field intensity is depending on magnetic pole gap size.
As the further preferred technical solution of such scheme, when being manufactured into row metal 3D printing, mother metal powder or
Raw material silk material is non-magnetic material.
As the further preferred technical solution of such scheme, mother metal powder or raw material silk material are magnetism-free stainless steel series
Any one metal material or any several metals in material, aluminium, aluminium alloy, titanium, titanium alloy, nickel, nickel alloy and cochrome
Material.
A kind of controlled metal 3D printing device, by feedstock supply unit unit, molten sintering system unit, master controller and
Power supply forms, and power supply provides electric energy, each working cell of main controller controls 3D printing device, feedstock supply unit for each system
Unit is vertical gravity transferring raw material device and horizontal any one the independent raw material supply dress sprawled in transferring raw material device
Put or synthesis feedstock supply unit that two kinds of transferring raw material devices are used in combination, vertical gravity transferring raw material device are supplied by powder feeder
Batch can and powder feeding pipe composition, powder feeder gravitation tank are internally formed powder feeder material powder chamber, and the expansion segment of powder feeding pipe, which is installed on, to be sent
The lower section of powder device gravitation tank, forms funnelform raw material gravity transfer passage, and powder feeding mouth is formed in the bottom of powder feeding pipe contraction section,
After powder feeder gravitation tank is fallen into powder feeding pipe by powder feeder material powder chamber bottom opening, raw material is sent to by mesh by powder feeding mouth
Cursor position, level sprawl transferring raw material device by powdering material powder bucket, powdering material powder lifting platform and sprawl/be compacted roller group
Into powdering material powder bucket is internally formed powdering material powder chamber, and powdering material powder lifting platform is installed on powdering raw material powder
The powdering material powder intracavitary of last bucket, control powdering material powder lifting platform is moved along powdering material powder chamber send raw material
Go out, molten sintering system unit includes sintering platform device and melting heat power supply device, and sintering platform device is movably disposed at
The lower section of vertical gravity transferring raw material device, sintering platform device include sintering bucket, and sintering bucket is vertically arranged, in sintering bucket is stated
The sintered plate lifting platform being vertically movable is set, sintered plate is fixedly installed on sintered plate lifting platform, generation is manufactured on sintered plate
3D printing part, also sets up the horizontal magnetic field generator for producing horizontal cross magnetic field and the vertical magnetic field for producing vertical direction magnetic field
Generating means, forms external magnetic field system, and horizontal magnetic field generator is positioned close at the upper opening marginal position of sintering bucket,
Horizontal magnetic field generator includes at least the first level magnetic field generator for producing left and right directions magnetic field and produces anteroposterior direction magnetic field
The second horizontal magnetic field generator, be additionally provided with vertical field generator for magnetic below sintered plate lifting platform, melting heat power supply device by
Heat source generator and heat source focusing-arrangement for deflecting composition, heat source focusing-arrangement for deflecting are installed by heat source focusing system supporting rack
Inside powder feeding pipe, heat source generator produces thermal energy, and subsequent thermal energy focuses on-arrangement for deflecting formation controlled thermal source beam by heat source,
Overlapped by the focus for adjusting heat source focusing-arrangement for deflecting controlled thermal source beam with sintering plate surface, form high temperature hot spot, adjust
Heat source generator is saved, processing is adjusted with the energy of heat source beam, before 3D printing starts, master controller is according to user
The 3D printing operational order parameter selection of input starts the magnetic field generator in the system of external magnetic field, and each magnetic field generator is produced
Raw magnetic field is regulated and controled, the single magnetic field of only one magnetic direction of formation or the resultant field with multiple directions, in 3D
It is when selecting vertical gravity transferring raw material device progress coaxial powder-feeding mode to be fed, raw material is former by powder feeder when printing starts
Material powder chambers are flowed into powder feeding pipe, and then after the outflow of powder feeding mouth, are fallen at the heat source focus center position of heat source beam, heat source
Beam rapidly melts material powder, and small molten bath is formed on sintered plate, by controlling the horizontal movement of sintering bucket, and then drives
Sintered plate carries out the two dimensional surface movement of horizontal direction, and ' line ' is formed according to ' point ', and the logic completion 3D that ' line ' forms ' face ' is beaten
The technique for printing the individual layer sintering processing of part, then controls sintered plate to decline the height not higher than 50 microns in bucket is sintered, according to
The secondary technique for repeating coaxial powder-feeding and individual layer sintering processing, that is, complete new one layer of the sintering processing of 3D printing part, repeatedly weight
This multiple processing logic, successively makes raw material fused deposition, and last 3D printing goes out a complete part, or when 3D printing starts,
When selection level, which sprawls transferring raw material device, carries out tiling automatic powder feeding system feed, sprawl/compression roll moved horizontally, it will spread
Powder raw material powder lifting platform rises the smooth upper surface for being laid on sintered plate of the material powder that is pushed out, sprawl/compression roll into
During row horizontal movement backhaul, sprawl/compression roll apply setting pressure by be laid on sintered plate pine dress powder be compacted, so
Afterwards, by adjusting heat source focusing-arrangement for deflecting, realize the planning to heat source beam scanning path, transferring raw material dress is sprawled to level
The pine dress powder bed progress selectively fusing-solidifying process operation sprawled, be compacted is put, realizes the work of individual layer sintering processing
Skill, then controls sintered plate to decline the height not higher than 50 microns in bucket is sintered, and is repeated in tiling powder feeding and individual layer sintering
The technique of processing, that is, complete new one layer of the sintering processing of 3D printing part, this processing logic be repeated several times, successively melts raw material
Melt accumulation, last 3D printing goes out a complete part.The mode of present invention selection coaxial powder-feeding is when being printed, and powder is from most upper
It is flowed into the powder nest at end in powder feeding pipe, powder exits into the focus spot center of laser from nozzle, hot on sintering platform
Powder is melted in source, forms drop, and the printing of a plane layer is further completed with the processing logic in point-line-face.Then sinter
Platform declines certain altitude, carries out new one layer of printing.Process successively, successively melts accumulation, realizes the 3D printing of complete part.
When present invention selection powdering mode is printed, adjust heat source focus and be in same plane with sintering platform, the powder on the left side supplies
The system of giving rises certain altitude, and at the same time the right sintered plate declines certain altitude, powder sprawls/compression roll from the left side by powder
The metal dust that feed system is pushed out spreads in sintering platform first, sprawl/the compression roll backhaul stage to pine dress powder into
Row compaction treatment, heat source beam are selectively irradiated fusing to this layer of powder, so repeatedly, realize that successively accumulation is embarked on journey, most
The disposable 3D printing shaping of part is completed eventually.
Above-mentioned heat source beam is preferably laser beam, electron beam or electric arc.
When above-mentioned heat source beam is laser beam, above-mentioned heat source generator is preferably YAG laser, CO2Laser or optical fiber
Laser.
Above-mentioned powder feeding mouth is preferably one direction powder feeding mouth, multi-direction powder feeding mouth or annular powder feeding mouth.
Above-mentioned horizontal magnetic field generator and vertical field generator for magnetic preferably produce magnetic field using permanent magnet or electromagnet.
The present invention compared with prior art, has following obvious prominent substantive distinguishing features and remarkable advantage：
1. the present invention is asked what is be limited for paving, two class common metal 3D printing method solidified structure control means of powder feeding
Topic, with reference to reality, innovatively sprawls two ways comprehensive integration by gravity conveying and level, fully utilizes two ways each
Advantage；
2. On-line Control of the addition of the field generator for magnetic of the present invention by realization to 3D printing metal parts solidified structure,
This greatly improves the performance of printable part, possibility is provided to expand printable material ranges, so as to expand existing 3D
Printing device application range, the selectivity and possibility of bigger are provided for user；
3. the present invention applies non-steady magnetic field in process of setting, the flowing of metal bath can be accelerated, so as to dendrite end
Portion produces shearing, causes dendrite fragmentation, forms new nucleus, crystal grain thinning；
4. the present invention applies steady magnetostatic field in process of setting, while suppression melt strong convection, uniform formation
Thermoelectricity magnetic force can be produced in solid phase, possibility is provided for dendrite fracture, realizes the online refinement of solidified structure during 3D printing,
The generation for the defects of refinement of tissue will avoid shrinkage cavity, crackle；
5. it can also be electromagnet that the electromagnetic field generator of the present invention, which can be permanent magnet, simple production process, is installed
Flexibly, combination is changeable, can realize device upgrade in the case of less to the change of existing 3D printing equipment；
6. the present invention can be used individually using paving, powder feeding integrated structure design, two methods, can also integrate makes
With in comprehensive situation about using, the disposable compound 3D printing that different types of powder realizes multiple material can be assembled respectively, gently
Pine nut shows the manufacture of gradient, multiple layer combination material parts；
7. the present invention, when carrying out 3D printing, the heat source such as the mother metal such as metal dust/silk material stimulated light, electron beam, electric arc shines
Quickly solidified after penetrating fusing, heat source can be focused, and a focus be formed on sintering platform, by adjusting heat energy generator
The energy of heat source beam is regulated and controled, so as to fulfill the adjusting of melt heating-up temperature during 3D printing, heat source travel path leads to
Cross adjustment or change is realized in the movement of sintering platform, the present invention is during 3D printing, and the present invention applies electromagnetic field, in magnetic field
Under metal freezing regulating and controlling effect, it is easy to accomplish the On-line Control of 3D printing metal parts solidified structure；
8. the object that the present invention can prepare can be the block of simple shape, bar-shaped part, can also prepare complex-shaped
Functional features.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structure diagram of preferred embodiment of the present invention controlled metal 3D printing device.
Fig. 2 is the A direction views of Fig. 1.
Embodiment
Details are as follows for the preferred embodiment of the present invention：
In the present embodiment, referring to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, a kind of controlled metal 3D printing device, by feedstock supply unit unit,
Molten sintering system unit, master controller and power supply composition, power supply provide electric energy, main controller controls 3D printing dress for each system
Each working cell put, feedstock supply unit unit are that vertical gravity transferring raw material device and level sprawl transferring raw material device two
The synthesis feedstock supply unit that kind transferring raw material device is used in combination, vertical gravity transferring raw material device is by powder feeder gravitation tank 9
Formed with powder feeding pipe 7, powder feeder gravitation tank 9 is internally formed powder feeder material powder chamber 8, and the expansion segment of powder feeding pipe 7, which is installed on, to be sent
The lower section of powder device gravitation tank 9, forms funnelform raw material gravity transfer passage, and powder feeding is formed in the bottom of 7 contraction section of powder feeding pipe
Mouthfuls 6, after powder feeder gravitation tank 9 is fallen into powder feeding pipe 7 by 8 bottom opening of powder feeder material powder chamber, by powder feeding mouth 6 by original
Material is sent to target location, and level sprawls transferring raw material device by powdering material powder bucket 1, powdering material powder lifting platform 2 and paving
Exhibition/compression roll 4 forms, and powdering material powder bucket 1 is internally formed powdering material powder chamber 3, and powdering material powder lifting platform 2 is pacified
In the powdering material powder chamber 3 of powdering material powder bucket 1, using Al-10Si-1Mg alloy powders, particle mean size 50 is micro-
Rice, control powdering material powder lifting platform 2 is moved along powdering material powder chamber 3 sends out raw material, molten sintering system unit
Including sintering platform device and melting heat power supply device, sintering platform device is movably disposed at vertical gravity transferring raw material device
Lower section, sintering platform device includes sintering bucket 18, and sintering bucket 18 is vertically arranged, in sinter bucket 18 setting be vertically movable
Sintered plate lifting platform 16, sintered plate 15 is fixedly installed on sintered plate lifting platform 16, the manufacture generation 3D printing zero on sintered plate 15
Part 14, the vertical magnetic field for also setting up the horizontal magnetic field generator for producing horizontal cross magnetic field and generation vertical direction magnetic field fill
17 are put, forms external magnetic field system, horizontal magnetic field generator is positioned close at the upper opening marginal position of sintering bucket 18, water
Flat magnetic field generator includes the first level magnetic field generator 5 for producing the steady magnetic field of the 0.1T of left and right directions and produces front and back
To the second horizontal magnetic field generator 19 in magnetic field, vertical field generator for magnetic 17 is additionally provided with below sintered plate lifting platform 16, is melted
Melt heat power supply device to be made of heat source generator 12 and heat source focusing-arrangement for deflecting 11, heat source focusing-arrangement for deflecting 11 passes through heat source
Focusing system supporting rack 10 is installed on inside powder feeding pipe 7, and heat source generator 12 produces laser, and subsequent laser focused on by heat source-
Arrangement for deflecting 11 forms the laser beam as controlled thermal source beam 13, and by adjusting, heat source focusing-arrangement for deflecting 11 is controllable to swash
The focus of light beam is overlapped with 15 surface of sintered plate, forms high temperature hot spot, heat source generator 12 is adjusted, to the energy of processing laser beam
Amount is adjusted, and before 3D printing starts, the 3D printing operational order parameter selection that master controller is inputted according to user is opened
Magnetic field generator in dynamic external magnetic field system, and the magnetic field produced to each magnetic field generator regulates and controls, and forms only one
The single magnetic field of magnetic direction or the resultant field with multiple directions, when 3D printing starts, convey when selecting vertical gravity
When raw material device progress coaxial powder-feeding mode is fed, raw material is flowed into powder feeding pipe 7 by powder feeder material powder chamber 8, and then
After the outflow of powder feeding mouth 6, the heat source focus spot center position of laser beam is fallen on, laser beam rapidly melts material powder,
Small molten bath is formed on sintered plate 15, by controlling the horizontal movement of sintering bucket 18, and then drives sintered plate 15 to carry out level
The two dimensional surface movement in direction, ' line ' is formed according to ' point ', and ' line ' forms the individual layer of the logic completion 3D printing part 14 in ' face '
The technique for sintering processing, the height for then controlling sintered plate 15 to decline 50 microns in bucket 18 is sintered, is repeated in coaxial powder-feeding
With the technique of individual layer sintering processing, that is, new one layer of the sintering processing of 3D printing part 14 is completed, this processing logic is repeated several times,
Successively make raw material fused deposition, carry out 3D printing part 14 and shape, sent when selection level sprawls transferring raw material device and carries out tiling
When powder mode is fed, sprawl/compression roll 4 moved horizontally, powdering material powder lifting platform 2 is risen to the raw material powder being pushed out
The smooth upper surface for being laid on sintered plate 15 in end, sprawl/compression roll 4 carry out horizontal movement backhaul when, sprawl/compression roll 4 applies
Add fixed pressure to be compacted the pine dress powder being laid on sintered plate 15, then, by adjusting heat source focusing-arrangement for deflecting
11, realize the planning to laser beam flying path, level is sprawled transferring raw material device sprawl, be compacted it is loose fill powder bed into
The selectable fusing of row-solidifying process operation, the technique for realizing individual layer sintering processing, then controls sintered plate 15 in sintering bucket 18
The middle height for declining 50 microns, the technique for being repeated in tiling powder feeding and individual layer sintering processing, that is, complete 3D printing part 14
New one layer of sintering processing, is repeated several times this processing logic, successively makes raw material fused deposition, carries out 3D printing part 14 and shapes,
By main controller controls metal 3D printing process, pass through the comprehensive feed side for tiling powder feeding and gravity coaxial powder-feeding is combined
Formula, by fused deposition, last 3D printing goes out a complete part.The electromagnetic field Yun Qiang areas that the present embodiment is applied all the time with heat
The focus of source beam 13 is consistent, so as to ensure that metal solidification process is among magnetic field all the time during 3D printing.Magnet position
The lower section of sintered plate lifting platform 16, the left and right sides of sintered plate lifting platform 16 and 16 front and rear sides of sintered plate lifting platform are seated in, with reality
The application in existing different directions magnetic field.When the magnet below sintered plate lifting platform 16 applies magnetic field, magnetization direction is perpendicular
Nogata to, when the magnet positioned at the left and right sides of sintered plate lifting platform 16 generates magnetic field, magnetic direction is the horizontal water in left and right
Flat magnetic field, when the magnet positioned at 16 front and rear sides of sintered plate lifting platform generates magnetic field, magnetic direction is front and rear horizontal level
Magnetic field.This implementation is due to processing plane, that is, plane residing for laser spot remains constant, therefore, in order to ensure that metal dust melts
Change-process of setting provides possibility in uniform magnetic field area all the time.By adjusting field generator for magnetic position, make 3D printing process
In processing plane be in its Yun Qiang area all the time, magnetic field metal bath is flowed and solid phase in thermoelectricity magnetic force dendrite is broken
Effect will refine metal parts solidified structure, the generation for the defects of avoiding shrinkage cavity, crackle, realizes the controllable height of 3D printing tissue
Function metals part.The object that the present embodiment can prepare can be the block of simple shape, bar-shaped part, can also prepare shape
Complicated functional features.
In the present embodiment, referring to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, electromagnetic field is applied in the rapid solidification of metal 3D printing, in electricity
Under the action of magnetic field, thermocurrent can be produced at the solid/liquid interfaces that quickly solidify, thermocurrent produces triggering with magnetic field interaction
The thermoelectricity magnetic force of melt flows, dendrite end produce shearing after being subject to the effect of power, cause dendrite fragmentation, form a large amount of new crystalline substances
Core；On the other hand, the flowing of melt slow down the temperature gradient in solid/liquid interfaces forward position so that the increase of two-phase section constitutional supercooling, into
And add nucleation rate.Reach crystal grain thinning, improve the pattern of crystal grain, tissue is become even compact, and then realize metal 3D
Print the organizational controls of part.
The embodiment of the present invention is illustrated above in conjunction with attached drawing, but the invention is not restricted to above-described embodiment, can be with
The purpose of innovation and creation according to the present invention makes a variety of changes, under all Spirit Essence and principle according to technical solution of the present invention
Change, modification, replacement, combination or the simplification made, should be equivalent substitute mode, as long as meeting the goal of the invention of the present invention,
Without departing from the method and controlled metal 3D printing device of non-contact control increasing material manufacturing metal parts solidified structure of the present invention
Technical principle and inventive concept, belong to protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (13)
- A kind of 1. controlled metal 3D printing device, by feedstock supply unit unit, molten sintering system unit, master controller and electricity Source forms, and the power supply provides electric energy, each working cell of the main controller controls 3D printing device, its feature for each system It is：The feedstock supply unit unit be vertical gravity transferring raw material device and it is horizontal sprawl it is any in transferring raw material device The synthesis feedstock supply unit that a kind of independent feedstock supply unit or two kinds of transferring raw material devices are used in combination, the vertical weight Power transferring raw material device is made of powder feeder gravitation tank (9) and powder feeding pipe (7), and the powder feeder gravitation tank (9), which is internally formed, to be sent Powder device material powder chamber (8), the expansion segment of the powder feeding pipe (7) are installed on the lower section of the powder feeder gravitation tank (9), form leakage Bucket-shaped raw material gravity transfer passage, forms powder feeding mouth (6) in the bottom of powder feeding pipe (7) contraction section, is fed the powder feeder After tank (9) falls into the powder feeding pipe (7) by powder feeder material powder chamber (8) bottom opening, raw material is sent by powder feeding mouth (6) To target location, the level sprawls transferring raw material device by powdering material powder bucket (1), powdering material powder lifting platform (2) With sprawl/compression roll (4) composition, the powdering material powder bucket (1) is internally formed powdering material powder chamber (3), the paving Powder raw material powder lifting platform (2) is installed in the powdering material powder chamber (3) of the powdering material powder bucket (1), described in control Powdering material powder lifting platform (2) sends out raw material along powdering material powder chamber (3) is mobile, the molten sintering system unit Including sintering platform device and melting heat power supply device, the sintering platform device is movably disposed at the vertical gravity conveying The lower section of raw material device, the sintering platform device include sintering bucket (18), and the sintering bucket (18) is vertically arranged, and is stating sintering The sintered plate lifting platform (16) being vertically movable is set in bucket (18), sintered plate is fixedly installed on the sintered plate lifting platform (16) (15), the manufacture generation 3D printing part (14) on the sintered plate (15), also sets up the horizontal magnetic for producing horizontal cross magnetic field Field generator and the vertical field generator for magnetic (17) for producing vertical direction magnetic field, form external magnetic field system, the horizontal magnetic Field generator is positioned close at the upper opening marginal position of the sintering bucket (18), and the horizontal magnetic field generator at least wraps Include the first level magnetic field generator (5) for producing left and right directions magnetic field and the second horizontal magnetic field generation for producing anteroposterior direction magnetic field Device (19), vertical field generator for magnetic (17), the melting heat power supply device are additionally provided with below the sintered plate lifting platform (16) It is made of heat source generator (12) and heat source focusing-arrangement for deflecting (11), the heat source focusing-arrangement for deflecting (11) passes through heat source Focusing system supporting rack (10) is installed on the powder feeding pipe (7) inside, and the heat source generator (12) produces thermal energy, subsequent thermal energy Controlled thermal source beam (13) is formed by the heat source focusing-arrangement for deflecting (11), by adjusting the heat source focusing-arrangement for deflecting (11) so that the focus of controlled thermal source beam (13) is overlapped with the sintered plate (15) surface, high temperature hot spot is formed, adjusts the heat Source generator (12), processing is adjusted with the energy of heat source beam (13), and before 3D printing starts, master controller is according to making The 3D printing operational order parameter selection of user's input starts the magnetic field generator in the system of external magnetic field, and each magnetic field is occurred The magnetic field that device produces is regulated and controled, the single magnetic field of only one magnetic direction of formation or the resultant field with multiple directions, When 3D printing starts, when selecting the vertical gravity transferring raw material device to carry out coaxial powder-feeding mode to be fed, by raw material by The powder feeder material powder chamber (8) is flowed into the powder feeding pipe (7), and then after the powder feeding mouth (6) is flowed out, falls on heat At the heat source focus center position of source beam (13), heat source beam (13) rapidly melts material powder, on the sintered plate (15) Small molten bath is formed, by controlling the horizontal movement of the sintering bucket (18), and then it is horizontal to drive the sintered plate (15) to carry out The two dimensional surface movement in direction, ' line ' is formed according to ' point ', and ' line ' forms the list of the logic completion 3D printing part (14) in ' face ' The technique of layer sintering processing, then controls the sintered plate (15) to decline the height not higher than 50 microns in the sintering bucket (18) Degree, is repeated in new one layer of burning of the technique, i.e. completion 3D printing part (14) of coaxial powder-feeding and individual layer sintering processing Knot processing, is repeated several times this processing logic, successively makes raw material fused deposition, last 3D printing goes out a complete part, Huo Zhe It is described to sprawl/press when the selection level, which sprawls transferring raw material device, carries out tiling automatic powder feeding system feed when 3D printing starts Real roller (4) is moved horizontally, and the material powder that the powdering material powder lifting platform (2) rise is pushed out is smooth to be laid on The upper surface of the sintered plate (15), it is described sprawl/compression roll (4) carry out horizontal movement backhaul when, it is described to sprawl/compression roll (4) the pine dress powder that applying the pressure of setting will be laid on the sintered plate (15) is compacted, then, by adjusting the heat Source focusing-arrangement for deflecting (11), realizes the planning to heat source beam (13) scanning pattern, and transferring raw material device is sprawled to the level The pine dress powder bed sprawl, being compacted carries out selectively fusing-solidifying process operation, realizes that individual layer sinters the technique of processing, Then control the sintered plate (15) to decline the height not higher than 50 microns in the sintering bucket (18), be repeated in tiling and send Powder and the technique of individual layer sintering processing, that is, complete new one layer of the sintering processing of 3D printing part (14), this be repeated several times Processing logic, successively makes raw material fused deposition, and last 3D printing goes out a complete part.
- 2. controlled metal 3D printing device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Heat source beam (13) is laser beam, electronics Beam or electric arc.
- 3. controlled metal 3D printing device according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：The heat source beam (13) is laser beam When, the heat source generator (12) is YAG laser, CO2 lasers or optical fiber laser.
- 4. the controlled metal 3D printing device according to any one in claims 1 to 3, it is characterised in that：The powder feeding mouth (6) it is one direction powder feeding mouth, multi-direction powder feeding mouth or annular powder feeding mouth.
- 5. the controlled metal 3D printing device according to any one in claims 1 to 3, it is characterised in that：The horizontal magnetic Field generator and the vertical field generator for magnetic (17) produce magnetic field using permanent magnet or electromagnet.
- It is 6. a kind of such as the non-contact control increasing material manufacturing of controlled metal 3D printing device according to any one of claims 1 to 5 The method of metal parts solidified structure, it is characterised in that：When being manufactured into row metal 3D printing, by being manufactured to metal 3D printing Device applies external electromagnetic field, to mother metal powder or raw material silk material after the irradiation of stimulated light, electron beam or electric arc rapid melting- Process of setting carries out non-contact intervention, and then realizes the control to metal parts process of setting.
- 7. the method for non-contact control increasing material manufacturing metal parts solidified structure according to claim 6, it is characterised in that： When being manufactured into row metal 3D printing, during the raw material supply of mother metal powder or raw material silk material, conveyed using vertical gravity Raw material mode and horizontal any one independent raw material supply mode sprawled in transferring raw material mode or two ways are combined Synthesis raw material supply mode.
- 8. the method for non-contact control increasing material manufacturing metal parts solidified structure according to claim 7, it is characterised in that： During the raw material supply of mother metal powder or raw material silk material, it is former that conveying is sprawled using vertical gravity transferring raw material mode and level The synthesis raw material supply mode that material mode is combined, the conveying to a variety of mother metal powder or raw material silk material, so as to fulfill a variety of The compound 3D printing shaping of material in situ.
- 9. the method for non-contact control increasing material manufacturing metal parts solidified structure according to any one in claim 6~8, It is characterized in that：The external electromagnetic field applied to metal 3D printing manufacture device is steady transverse magnetic, alternating magnetic field and pulsed magnetic field In any one magnetic field or any several magnetic fields mixing integrated magnetic field.
- 10. the method for non-contact control increasing material manufacturing metal parts solidified structure according to claim 9, it is characterised in that： The external electromagnetic field direction applied to metal 3D printing manufacture device is any one direction in vertically and horizontally Or any several directions, single direction magnetic field or multi-direction multi-form resultant field are formed, wherein vertical direction is included under Supreme direction and in top-down direction two kinds of directions, wherein horizontal direction include from left to right direction, from right to left direction, by preceding To rear direction and by rear to four kinds of directions of front direction.
- 11. the side of non-contact control increasing material manufacturing metal parts solidified structure according to any one in claim 6~8 Method, it is characterised in that：The magnetic field intensity of the external electromagnetic field applied to metal 3D printing manufacture device is to occur from 0T to magnetic field Device limit size, magnetic field intensity are configured according to the size of metal parts to be processed, i.e., magnetic field intensity is according to magnetic pole gap Depending on size.
- 12. the side of non-contact control increasing material manufacturing metal parts solidified structure according to any one in claim 6~8 Method, it is characterised in that：When being manufactured into row metal 3D printing, mother metal powder or raw material silk material are non-magnetic materials.
- 13. the method for non-contact control increasing material manufacturing metal parts solidified structure according to claim 12, it is characterised in that： Mother metal powder or raw material silk material are magnetism-free stainless steel series material, aluminium, aluminium alloy, titanium, titanium alloy, nickel, nickel alloy and cobalt chromium Any one metal material or any several metal materials in alloy.
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