CN109648091A - A kind of method that copper-based shape memory alloy is prepared in situ in increasing material manufacturing - Google Patents
A kind of method that copper-based shape memory alloy is prepared in situ in increasing material manufacturing Download PDFInfo
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- CN109648091A CN109648091A CN201910073275.0A CN201910073275A CN109648091A CN 109648091 A CN109648091 A CN 109648091A CN 201910073275 A CN201910073275 A CN 201910073275A CN 109648091 A CN109648091 A CN 109648091A
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- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 148
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 148
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 141
- 229910001285 shape-memory alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 102
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000007334 memory performance Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 206010021703 Indifference Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 132
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 53
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 53
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 16
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 14
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 11
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000000320 mechanical mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000006386 memory function Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 6
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000001161 mammalian embryo Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000036632 reaction speed Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 208000037656 Respiratory Sounds Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002114 biscuit porcelain Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010974 bronze Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000280 densification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001325 element alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001513 hot isostatic pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 specifically Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005482 strain hardening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010189 synthetic method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000930 thermomechanical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
- B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
- B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
-
- B22F1/0003—
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/34—Process control of powder characteristics, e.g. density, oxidation or flowability
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/23—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces involving a self-propagating high-temperature synthesis or reaction sintering step
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
- C22C9/01—Alloys based on copper with aluminium as the next major constituent
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
- B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
- B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
- B22F2009/0824—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid with a specific atomising fluid
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
- B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
- B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
- B22F2009/0848—Melting process before atomisation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
- Welding Or Cutting Using Electron Beams (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the preparation fields of copper-based shape memory alloy, and disclose a kind of method that any copper-based shape memory alloy is prepared in situ in increasing material manufacturing.This method includes the following steps: mixed-powder of (a) preparation comprising element in required part as raw material；(b) using copper alloy as forming board, copper-based memory alloy part needed for carrying out the preparation of selective melting technology using electron beam or laser beam, during being somebody's turn to do, each ingredient moment is heated the above indifference of respective fusing point and is molten into liquid phase in mixed-powder, and reaction in-situ diffusion occurs under liquid phase, wherein, it is short to react fast, diffusion time between atom, avoids component segregation；In addition, the parent phase formed by main element is not decomposed to form brittle γ since cooling velocity is fast2Phase, but form martensitic phase, to improve the memory performance and super-elasticity of required product.Through the invention, arbitrary shape, consistency height, memory performance, super-elasticity and the high product of toughness are quickly prepared.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the preparation fields of copper-based shape memory alloy, make in situ more particularly, to a kind of increasing material manufacturing
The method of standby any copper-based shape memory alloy.
Background technique
Copper-based shape memory alloy has good super-elasticity, bidirectional memory performance, high damping and cheapness etc., because
And it is widely used in the fields such as civilian, industrial, military, aerospace and machine-building.Especially copper-base shape memory closes
The phase transition temperature of gold is higher, becomes the preferred material of high temperature application (such as thermal actuator, heat sensor), while first in alloy
Influence of the variation of the composition of element for phase transition temperature is more sensitive, therefore can come again by adjusting the ratio of element in alloy
Meet the various temperature requirements in different application environment, in addition, the manufacture that its good machinability is complicated shape part mentions
Feasibility is supplied.
Since the brittleness of copper-based shape memory alloy itself easily causes corrosion cracking, preparation process in process
And part processing is concerned.At present there are two types of the preparation methods of copper-based shape memory alloy, one is fusion castings, will be copper-based
The block materials of each element in marmem, in mass ratio progress ingredient, then under vacuum conditions using electric arc, sense
It answers, electron beam and plasma melting ingot, then obtains part by way of hot-working or cold working.But in melting
In the process, since cooling velocity is slower, the fusing point and specific gravity difference of element, ingot casting are easily segregated, at the same cooling rate compared with
Slowly brittle γ is also resulted in2It is mutually precipitated, reduces the mechanical property of material.Copper-based shape memory alloy is gone back in thermomechanical processing
It will lead to excessive grain to grow up and generate oxide layer, yield rate is low, so that production cost is enhanced.
Another preparation method is powder metallurgy, mainly includes ordinary sinter, SHS process, hot isostatic pressing and fire
Flower plasma sintering etc..Its step is first to mix powder, then presses embryo with mold, finally integral sintered in aforementioned manners
Forming.Powder metallurgy process can solve the problems of part fusion casting, it overcomes component segregation and excessive grain is grown up
The problem of, alloying component can be accurately controlled, can shape simple half-finished parts by mold.But this method preparation section is multiple
It is miscellaneous, the period is long, may introduce impurity.Due in powder metallurgy process sintering temperature in each element fusing point hereinafter, belonging to solid-state
Under prepare alloy, therefore the gap between powder cannot be completely eliminated, and the consistency for obtaining copper-based shape memory alloy is not high, simultaneously
Cooling rate is slower, and crystal grain is still more coarse, can not inhibit brittle γ2It is mutually precipitated, mechanical performance is lower than traditional founding
Method.Due to being whole pressure embryo thermal sintering, the reaction speed of various pieces is inconsistent, leads to the copper-based shape memory alloy of synthesis
Uneven components.
In terms of part forming, although copper-based shape memory alloy has good processing performance, preparing
Practical copper-based shape memory alloy part, such as spring, pipe fitting, sheet material.Either use fusion casting or powder smelting
The method of gold, which must all rely on machining or mold, to be prepared, and there is the problems such as energy consumption is high, the period is long, at high cost.
Due to situ synthesis techniques be formed inside material system, thus have that synthesis cost is low, product grain is tiny and point
The advantages that cloth is uniform, phase surface is pollution-free and ingredient modification scope is big, attracts widespread attention.It is closed by copper-base shape memory
The phasor of gold is it is found that martensitic phase makes alloy have shape-memory properties and super-elasticity.Therefore copper-based shape memory alloy
The key of preparation is that preventing parent phase from decomposing generates brittle γ2Phase guarantees the content of martensitic phase.Powder metallurgy process synthesis
Copper-based shape memory alloy belongs to one kind of fabricated in situ, and the maximum difficult point of above-mentioned synthetic method is: being difficult to control accurately each portion
Divide the generation and reaction speed of reactant, there are marked differences for alloy internal component；Gap is excessive simultaneously, and alloy consistency is not
Height, bad mechanical property；In addition cooling velocity is slow, can not inhibit brittle γ2It is mutually precipitated, has an adverse effect to material property.
Therefore, the synthesis and following process problem that fundamentally solve copper-based shape memory alloy must just be explored inexpensive, efficient
Arbitrary shape copper-based shape memory alloy novel preparation method.
Summary of the invention
Aiming at the above defects or improvement requirements of the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of increasing material manufacturings to be prepared in situ arbitrarily
The method of copper-based shape memory alloy, by being added using electron beam or the quick of laser beam fabricated in situ copper-based shape memory alloy
So that hybrid alloys powder moment is heated fusing evenly and rapidly reaction in-situ occurs for the characteristics of heat and rapid cooling, this is anti-
Answer time block, diffusion time is short will not to occur component segregation, in addition, parent phase will not be decomposed to form since cooling velocity is higher
Brittle γ2Phase, but form martensitic phase improve the memory performance and superlastic of the copper-based shape memory alloy part of acquisition
Property, and high cooling rate is refined crystal grain, improves the toughness of final part.
To achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the present invention, it provides a kind of increasing material manufacturing and copper-based shape is prepared in situ
The method of shape memory alloys, which is characterized in that this method includes the following steps:
(a) element for including in required part is divided into main element and functional element, chooses the sum of main element respectively
The alloy powder of functional element is as raw material, and by the powder of the main element, mixed smelting forms ingot casting in a furnace, then
Using aeroponics by the ingot melting acquisition pre-alloyed powder, by the alloy powder of the pre-alloyed powder and the functional element
It is uniformly mixed, mixed-powder is obtained with this；
(b) using the hybrid alloys powder as raw material, using copper alloy as forming board, using electron beam or laser beam
Copper-based memory alloy part needed for carrying out selective melting forming preparation as energy source, during being somebody's turn to do, in the mixed-powder
Each ingredient moment is heated the above indifference of respective fusing point and is molten into liquid phase, and reaction in-situ occurs under liquid phase and expands
It dissipates, wherein it is short to react fast, diffusion time between atom, avoids component segregation；In addition, since cooling velocity is fast, by the main body member
The parent phase that element is formed is not decomposed to form brittle γ2Phase, but form martensitic phase, to improve the required copper-based note
Recall the memory performance and super-elasticity of alloy part.
It is further preferred that the partial size of the pre-alloyed powder is preferably 20 μm~50 μm in step (a).
It is further preferred that in step (a), the powder of the main element in a furnace mixed smelting preferably use it is more
Secondary vacuum melting, so that alloying component uniformly reduces segregation.
It is further preferred that the aeroponics are preferably carried out according to the following steps in step (a): first by the casting
Ingot is put into vacuum melting furnace to be melted again, and is passed through high speed argon gas while fusing and is formed punching to the melt that fusing is formed
It hits, solution is dispersed by gas impact, is cooled into powder, the powder of required partial size is then taken by sieve sieve, in this, as pre-
Alloy powder.
It is further preferred that laser power is preferably 200W~350W in the selective laser fusing in step (b),
Scanning speed is 800mm/s~1200mm/s, and sweep span is 50 μm~90 μm, and laser spot diameter is 50 μm~80 μm.
It is further preferred that in step (b), the electron beam choose beam power in fusing be 1000W~
1200W, line scanning speed are 20mm/s~35mm/s, and sweep span is 85 μm~140 μm.
It is another aspect of this invention to provide that providing a kind of copper-base shape memory is prepared using method described above
Alloy product.
In general, through the invention it is contemplated above technical scheme is compared with the prior art, can obtain down and show
Beneficial effect:
1, the present invention completes to appoint while realizing that copper-based shape memory alloy is prepared in situ using electron beam or laser beam
The preparation of meaning shape copper-based shape memory alloy part, it is integrated to realize copper-based shape memory alloy material-structure-function
Preparation, solves the problems, such as copper-based shape memory alloy complex parts difficult processing；
2, the present invention is using vacuum melting and aeroponics are made copper-based shape memory alloy fore-put powder, then with homozygous bronze
End is mixed, and is obtained the more uniform powder of ingredient, is guaranteed the uniformity of reaction, obtains the satisfactory copper-based shape of performance
Memorial alloy part；
3, the present invention uses biggish lectron beam spot diameter (0.1~0.3mm) or laser spot diameter (50~80 μm),
The reflow zone that micro- molten bath can be improved ensure that good overlap joint between molten bath and fusing road, reduce the formation of stomata, mention
The high consistency of copper-based shape memory alloy；
4, the present invention is according to different increases material manufacturing technologies, the powdering thickness of strict control bisque, suitable electron beam or
Laser forming parameter, can to avoid because electron beam or laser energy it is too low, powder cannot be completely melt and be formed continuous and be sprawled
The fusing road opened leads to the formation of hole, reduces alloy property, can also be to avoid because of electron beam or the excessive generation of laser energy
Crackle, warpage the defects of；
5, electron beam of the invention or laser beam are by shaping by layer, point and line, and ingredient uniformly melts in each molten bath
Merge reaction, with the fabricated in situ of the copper-based shape memory alloy of complete design shape and fusing stack shaping, no impressed pressure
And cooling rate is fast, and component diffusion will not occur, and obtains copper-based shape memory alloy ingredient uniformly and free from admixture；
6, of the invention since high-power electron beam or laser action possess the characteristics of quickly heating and being quickly cooled down, powder moment
It is heated to the fusing point of each ingredient or more, quick, uniform reaction in-situ occurs under liquid phase and expands for each ingredient indifference fusing
It dissipates, and rapidly cools to form copper-based shape memory alloy, it is extremely short without will lead to ingredient due to reacting fast, diffusion time between atom
Segregation；Since cooling velocity is higher, parent phase is caused not to be decomposed to form brittle 2 phase of γ, but form martensitic phase, therefore
The memory performance and super-elasticity of copper-based shape memory alloy are elevated, while high cooling rate, and crystal grain is caused to be refined,
The toughness of material is elevated；
7, it is more than 99.5% that the present invention, which is compared with the traditional method the copper-based shape memory alloy consistency of acquisition, and crystal grain is thin
Small, good mechanical performance, can restore deformation is more than 95%, has good properties at high temperature.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the stream that copper-based shape memory alloy method is prepared in situ according to increasing material manufacturing constructed by the embodiment of the present invention
Cheng Tu；
Fig. 2 is the powder diameter distribution map prepared according to aeroponics constructed by the embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, right
The present invention is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, and
It is not used in the restriction present invention.As long as in addition, technical characteristic involved in the various embodiments of the present invention described below
Not constituting a conflict with each other can be combined with each other.
Fig. 1 is the stream that copper-based shape memory alloy method is prepared in situ according to increasing material manufacturing constructed by the embodiment of the present invention
Cheng Tu, as shown in Figure 1, the method that copper-based shape memory alloy is prepared in situ in a kind of increasing material manufacturing provided in an embodiment of the present invention,
It includes following rapid:
(1) in part needed for, content is more for main element of volume, and functional elements are in terms of adjusting required part
Performance, for example, intensity etc., the main element alloy of required part is cast by preset quality than carrying out vacuum melting after mixing
Ingot, then obtaining average grain diameter by aeroponics is 20~50 μm of pre-alloyed powder, by pre-alloyed powder and functional elements
Pure metal powder carries out mechanical ball mill after mixing in proportion and prepares mixed-powder；
(2) under the inert gas shielding environment in oxygen content less than 0.05%, using the mixed-powder of step (1) preparation as powder
The copper-based shape memory alloy of shape needed for powder stock is prepared using electron beam or selective laser fusing manufacturing technology, specifically includes
Following sub-step:
(2.1) it, using copper alloy plate as forming board, will need to shape first as energy source using electron beam or laser
The stl file of threedimensional model of shape imported into SLM device control system, carry out slicing treatment, generate scan path；
(2.2) powder raw material that a layer thickness is greater than powder average particle size is laid on forming board, energy source is according to life
At scan path forming is scanned to powder raw material, each ingredient of powder raw material is sent out in situ under the action of electron beam or laser
Raw fusing reaction generates copper-based shape memory alloy, and smooth copper-based shape memory alloy melting zone is formed on substrate；
(2.3) after one layer of copper-based shape memory alloy has shaped, substrate is declined to the distance of about powdering thickness, then
The powder raw material that a layer thickness is greater than powder average particle size, electronics are re-lay on formed copper-based shape memory alloy layer
Beam or laser energy sources carry out laser scanning forming to the powder raw material completed again according to preset scan path, with again at
One layer of copper-based shape memory alloy melting zone of shape.
(2.4) step (2.3) are repeated, until completing the fabricated in situ processing of entire copper-based shape memory alloy, finally will
Drip molding cuts down the copper-based shape memory alloy for obtaining required shape from forming board.
Wherein, using continuous YAG or optical fiber laser as laser energy sources, 50~80 μm of laser spot diameter,
Laser scanning methods are to rotate 67 ° between layers；Use Electron Beam spot width for 0.1~0.3mm；Guaranteeing scan path
Under the premise of unduplicated, internal stress when processing is reduced to greatest extent.
Specifically, the concrete technology of vacuum melting is that the high pure metal (purity > 99.99%) of each element in alloy is pressed one
Fixed mass ratio, which is put into smelting furnace, carries out vacuum melting, melt back 3 times, makes alloying component uniformly and reduces segregation, obtain
Prepare ingot casting needed for powder.
The concrete technology of aeroponics is the resulting ingot casting of vacuum melting to be put into vacuum melting furnace to fusing again and molten
It is passed through argon gas while change, melt is formed and impact, liquid is dispersed by gas impact, is cooled into powder, finally by 270 mesh
Sieve sieve take precinct laser fusion manufacturing technology needed for powder, specifically, argon gas is sent into the air pressure of 3MPa, to form height
Fast gas shock solution.The partial size of the powder prepared is in normal distribution, as shown in Fig. 2, due to the impact by gas, liquid
The impact degree that body each section is subject to is different, and uneven, leads to be formed by drop varying, forms size not after cooling
One powder, wherein less compared with small particle powder and greater particle size powder accounting, median diameter powder accounting is more, whole in just
State distribution is enabled small particle powder to be distributed between big diameter powders, is reduced big partial size powder using the powder for being in normal distribution
Hole between end is conducive to the densification of alloy, reduces stomata.
The concrete technology of laser scanning forming is preferred are as follows: using continuous YAG or optical fiber laser as laser energy
Source, lift height 0.04mm, laser spot diameter are 50~80 μm, and laser scanning methods are to rotate 67 ° between layers, are swashed
Optical power is 200W~350W, and scanning speed is 800~1200mm/s, and sweep span is 50~90 μm；
The concrete technology of electron beam scanning forming is preferred are as follows: electron beam scan power is 1000~1200W, line scanning speed
For 20~35mm/s, sweep span is 85~140 μm, and Electron Beam spot width is 0.1~0.3mm, lift height 0.1mm,
To shape the smooth and good copper-based shape memory alloy of overlap joint.
The present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with specific embodiments.
Embodiment 1
A method of arbitrary shape Cu-17Al-10Mn copper-based shape memory alloy is prepared by pre-alloyed powder,
The following steps are included:
(1) high purity alloys of element Cu, Al in alloy are put into mass ratio in vacuum melting furnace and carry out melting, repeatedly
Melting three times, obtains starting ingot, and ingot casting is passed through to argon gas while vacuum melting furnace high temperature melts and is rushed to melt composition
It hitting, melt forms droplet by impact dispersion, forms required alloyed powder powder stock after cooling, and powder diameter is in 19.5~
46.7 μm, 30.5 μm of average grain diameter, then by the high purity alloys powder of the identical Mn element of partial size in mass ratio with it is obtained above
Pre-alloyed powder mechanical mixture obtains uniform powder；
(2) using the mixed-powder prepared as raw material, using continuous YAG laser as energy source, laser facula
80 μm of diameter, the scanning mode of laser is to rotate 67 ° between layers, using copper base as forming board, by need to shape
The stl file input SLM former of 3 d part figure carries out hierarchy slicing processing by corresponding software, and generates laser scanning
Path；
(3) the copper-based shape note of the thick Cu-17Al-10Mn by step (1) preparation of one layer of 0.04mm is laid on copper base
Recall alloy powder raw material, laser is according to the laser beam scan path of generation, using laser power 300w, scanning speed 900mm/s,
Powder bed is formed in the parameter that 60 μm of sweep span, melts powder under laser action, and atom is strong to be destroyed, in molten bath
Interior generation fusing reaction in situ generates Cu-17Al-10Mn copper-based shape memory alloy, and smooth copper-based shape is formed on copper base
Memorial alloy melting zone；
(4) after one layer of copper-based shape memory alloy shapes, substrate is declined into 0.04mm, then one layer of melting zone upper berth
The mixed-powder of 0.04mm, laser is using machined parameters same in step (3) according to scheduled scan path to powder bed
Fusing forming is rescaned, new melting zone is formed；
(5) repeat the above steps (4), until completing the forming of entire copper-based shape memory alloy, entire forming process exists
Oxygen content carries out under the inert gas shielding environment lower than 0.1%, finally by the copper-based shape memory alloy shaped from substrate
On cut down, obtaining has design shape and has the copper-based shape memory alloy part of memory function, copper-based shape note
The consistency of alloy is recalled up to 99.7%, and crystal grain is tiny, good mechanical performance, can restore deformation up to 96% with good high temperatures
Energy.
Embodiment 2
A method of arbitrary shape Cu-17Al-10Mn copper-based shape memory alloy is prepared by pre-alloyed powder,
The following steps are included:
(1) high purity alloys of element Cu, Mn in alloy are put into mass ratio in vacuum melting furnace and carry out melting, repeatedly
Melting three times, obtains starting ingot, and ingot casting is passed through to argon gas while vacuum melting furnace high temperature melts and is rushed to melt composition
It hitting, melt forms droplet by impact dispersion, forms required alloyed powder powder stock after cooling, and powder diameter is in 16.3~
57.5 μm, 31.2 μm of average grain diameter, then by the high purity alloys powder of the identical Al element of partial size in mass ratio with it is obtained above
Pre-alloyed powder mechanical mixture obtains uniform powder；
(2) using the mixed-powder prepared as raw material, using continuous YAG laser as energy source, laser facula
70 μm of diameter, the scanning mode of laser is to rotate 67 ° between layers, using copper base as forming board, by need to shape
The stl file input SLM former of 3 d part figure carries out hierarchy slicing processing by corresponding software, and generates laser scanning
Path；
(3) the copper-based shape note of the thick Cu-17Al-10Mn by step (1) preparation of one layer of 0.04mm is laid on copper base
Recall alloy powder raw material, laser is according to the laser beam scan path of generation, using laser power 200w, scanning speed 800mm/s,
Powder bed is formed in the parameter that 50 μm of sweep span, melts powder under laser action, and atom is strong to be destroyed, in molten bath
Interior generation fusing reaction in situ generates Cu-17Al-10Mn copper-based shape memory alloy, and smooth copper-based shape is formed on copper base
Memorial alloy melting zone；
(4) after one layer of copper-based shape memory alloy shapes, substrate is declined into 0.04mm, then one layer of melting zone upper berth
The mixed-powder of 0.04mm, laser is using machined parameters same in step (3) according to scheduled scan path to powder bed
Fusing forming is rescaned, new melting zone is formed；
(5) repeat the above steps (4), until completing the forming of entire copper-based shape memory alloy, entire forming process exists
Oxygen content carries out under the inert gas shielding environment lower than 0.1%, finally by the copper-based shape memory alloy shaped from substrate
On cut down, obtaining has design shape and has the copper-based shape memory alloy part of memory function, copper-based shape note
The consistency of alloy is recalled up to 99.7%, and crystal grain is tiny, good mechanical performance, can restore deformation up to 96% with good high temperatures
Energy.
Embodiment 3
It is a kind of that the conjunction of arbitrary shape Cu-10.2Al-8.5Mn-0.3La copper-base shape memory is prepared by pre-alloyed powder
The method of gold, comprising the following steps:
(1) high purity alloys of element Cu, Al in alloy are put into mass ratio in vacuum melting furnace and carry out melting, repeatedly
Melting three times, obtains starting ingot, and ingot casting is passed through to argon gas while vacuum melting furnace high temperature melts and is rushed to melt composition
It hitting, melt forms droplet by impact dispersion, forms required alloyed powder powder stock after cooling, and powder diameter is in 8.63~
50.2 μm, 26.4 μm of average grain diameter, then the high purity alloys powder of identical Mn, La element of partial size is obtained with above-mentioned in mass ratio
Pre-alloyed powder mechanical mixture obtain uniform powder；
(2) using the mixed-powder prepared as raw material, using high-power electron beam as energy source, lectron beam spot diameter
The stl file for the 3 d part figure for needing to shape is inputted SLM former using copper base as forming board by 0.15mm
Hierarchy slicing processing is carried out by corresponding software, and generates laser beam scan path；
(3) the thick Cu-10.2Al-8.5Mn-0.3La copper prepared by step (1) of one layer of 0.1mm is laid on copper base
Base marmem powder raw material, laser is according to the laser beam scan path of generation, and using beam power 1000w, line is swept
Speed 35mm/s is retouched, powder bed is formed in the parameter that 140 μm of sweep span, melts powder under electron beam effect, former
Son is strong to be destroyed, and fusing reaction occurs in situ in molten bath and generates Cu-10.2Al-8.5Mn-0.3La copper-based shape memory alloy,
Smooth copper-based shape memory alloy melting zone is formed on copper base；
(4) after one layer of copper-based shape memory alloy shapes, substrate is declined into 0.1mm, then one layer of melting zone upper berth
The mixed-powder of 0.1mm, laser is using machined parameters same in step (3) according to scheduled scan path to powder bed weight
New scanning fusing forming, forms new melting zone；
(5) repeat the above steps (4), until completing the forming of entire copper-based shape memory alloy, entire forming process exists
Oxygen content carries out under the inert gas shielding environment lower than 0.1%, finally by the copper-based shape memory alloy shaped from substrate
On cut down, obtaining has design shape and has the copper-based shape memory alloy part of memory function, copper-based shape note
The consistency of alloy is recalled up to 99.9%, and crystal grain is tiny, good mechanical performance, can restore deformation up to 98% with good high temperatures
Energy.
Embodiment 4
It is a kind of that the conjunction of arbitrary shape Cu-10.2Al-8.5Mn-0.3La copper-base shape memory is prepared by pre-alloyed powder
The method of gold, comprising the following steps:
(1) high purity alloys of element Cu, Mn in alloy are put into mass ratio in vacuum melting furnace and carry out melting, repeatedly
Melting three times, obtains starting ingot, and ingot casting is passed through to argon gas while vacuum melting furnace high temperature melts and is rushed to melt composition
It hitting, melt forms droplet by impact dispersion, forms required alloyed powder powder stock after cooling, and powder diameter is in 15.7~
48.3 μm, 27.9 μm of average grain diameter, then the high purity alloys powder of identical Al, La element of partial size is obtained with above-mentioned in mass ratio
Pre-alloyed powder mechanical mixture obtain uniform powder；
(2) using the mixed-powder prepared as raw material, using high-power electron beam as energy source, lectron beam spot diameter
The stl file for the 3 d part figure for needing to shape is inputted SLM former using copper base as forming board by 0.15mm
Hierarchy slicing processing is carried out by corresponding software, and generates laser beam scan path；
(3) the thick Cu-10.2Al-8.5Mn-0.3La copper prepared by step (1) of one layer of 0.1mm is laid on copper base
Base marmem powder raw material, laser is according to the laser beam scan path of generation, and using beam power 1200w, line is swept
Speed 20mm/s is retouched, powder bed is formed in the parameter that 85 μm of sweep span, melts powder under electron beam effect, atom
It is strong to be destroyed, fusing reaction occurs in situ in molten bath and generates Cu-10.2Al-8.5Mn-0.3La copper-based shape memory alloy,
Smooth copper-based shape memory alloy melting zone is formed on copper base；
(4) after one layer of copper-based shape memory alloy shapes, substrate is declined into 0.1mm, then one layer of melting zone upper berth
The mixed-powder of 0.1mm, laser is using machined parameters same in step (3) according to scheduled scan path to powder bed weight
New scanning fusing forming, forms new melting zone；
(5) repeat the above steps (4), until completing the forming of entire copper-based shape memory alloy, entire forming process exists
Oxygen content carries out under the inert gas shielding environment lower than 0.1%, finally by the copper-based shape memory alloy shaped from substrate
On cut down, obtaining has design shape and has the copper-based shape memory alloy part of memory function, copper-based shape note
The consistency of alloy is recalled up to 99.8%, and crystal grain is tiny, good mechanical performance, can restore deformation up to 98% with good high temperatures
Energy.
Embodiment 5
A kind of side preparing arbitrary shape Cu-10.2Al-8.5Mn copper-based shape memory alloy by pre-alloyed powder
Method, comprising the following steps:
(1) high purity alloys of element Cu, Mn in alloy are put into mass ratio in vacuum melting furnace and carry out melting, repeatedly
Melting three times, obtains starting ingot, and ingot casting is passed through to argon gas while vacuum melting furnace high temperature melts and is rushed to melt composition
It hitting, melt forms droplet by impact dispersion, forms required alloyed powder powder stock after cooling, and powder diameter is in 16.6~
47.5 μm, 25.5 μm of average grain diameter, then the high purity alloys powder of identical Al, La element of partial size is obtained with above-mentioned in mass ratio
Pre-alloyed powder mechanical mixture obtain uniform powder；
(2) using the mixed-powder prepared as raw material, using high-power electron beam as energy source, lectron beam spot diameter
The stl file for the 3 d part figure for needing to shape is inputted SLM former using copper base as forming board by 0.15mm
Hierarchy slicing processing is carried out by corresponding software, and generates laser beam scan path；
(3) the thick copper-based shape of Cu-10.2Al-8.5Mn prepared by step (1) of one layer of 0.1mm is laid on copper base
Memorial alloy powder raw material, laser is according to the laser beam scan path of generation, using beam power 1100w, line scanning speed
Powder bed is formed in 30mm/s, the parameter that 100 μm of sweep span, melts powder under electron beam effect, atom is good for quilt
It destroys, fusing reaction occurs in situ in molten bath and generates Cu-10.2Al-8.5Mn copper-based shape memory alloy, the shape on copper base
At smooth copper-based shape memory alloy melting zone；
(4) after one layer of copper-based shape memory alloy shapes, substrate is declined into 0.1mm, then one layer of melting zone upper berth
The mixed-powder of 0.1mm, laser is using machined parameters same in step (3) according to scheduled scan path to powder bed weight
New scanning fusing forming, forms new melting zone；
(5) repeat the above steps (4), until completing the forming of entire copper-based shape memory alloy, entire forming process exists
Oxygen content carries out under the inert gas shielding environment lower than 0.1%, finally by the copper-based shape memory alloy shaped from substrate
On cut down, obtaining has design shape and has the copper-based shape memory alloy part of memory function, copper-based shape note
The consistency of alloy is recalled up to 99.4%, and crystal grain is tiny, good mechanical performance, can restore deformation up to 96% with good high temperatures
Energy.
Embodiment 6
It is a kind of that arbitrary shape Cu-13.5Al-4Ni-0.5Ti copper-based shape memory alloy is prepared by pre-alloyed powder
Method, comprising the following steps:
(1) high purity alloys of element Cu, Al in alloy are put into mass ratio in vacuum melting furnace and carry out melting, repeatedly
Melting three times, obtains starting ingot, and ingot casting is passed through to argon gas while vacuum melting furnace high temperature melts and is rushed to melt composition
It hitting, melt forms droplet by impact dispersion, forms required alloyed powder powder stock after cooling, and powder diameter is in 16.2~
65.7 μm, 30.8 μm of average grain diameter, then the high purity alloys powder of identical Ni, Ti element of partial size is obtained with above-mentioned in mass ratio
Pre-alloyed powder mechanical mixture obtain uniform powder；
(2) using the mixed-powder prepared as raw material, using continuous YAG laser as energy source, laser facula
80 μm of diameter, the scanning mode of laser is to rotate 67 ° between layers, using copper base as forming board, by need to shape
The stl file input SLM former of 3 d part figure carries out hierarchy slicing processing by corresponding software, and generates laser scanning
Path；
(3) the copper-based shape of Cu-13.5Al-4Ni-0.5Ti prepared by step (1) of one layer of 40 μ m-thick is laid on copper base
Shape memory alloys powder raw material, laser is according to the laser beam scan path of generation, using laser power 350w, scanning speed
Powder bed is formed in 1000mm/s, the parameter that 80 μm of sweep span, melts powder under laser action, and atom is strong to be broken
It is bad, fusing reaction occurs in situ in molten bath and generates Cu-13.5Al-4Ni-0.5Ti copper-based shape memory alloy, on copper base
Form smooth copper-based shape memory alloy melting zone；
(4) after one layer of copper-based shape memory alloy shapes, substrate is declined 40 μm, then one layer 40 of melting zone upper berth
μm mixed-powder, laser using machined parameters same in step (3) according to scheduled scan path to powder bed again
Scanning fusing forming, forms new melting zone；
(5) repeat the above steps (4), until completing the forming of entire copper-based shape memory alloy, entire forming process exists
Oxygen content carries out under the inert gas shielding environment lower than 0.1%, finally by the copper-based shape memory alloy shaped from substrate
On cut down, obtaining has design shape and has the copper-based shape memory alloy part of memory function, copper-based shape note
The consistency of alloy is recalled up to 99.9%, and crystal grain is tiny, good mechanical performance, can restore deformation up to 95% with good high temperatures
Energy.
Embodiment 7
It is a kind of that arbitrary shape Cu-13.5Al-4Ni-0.5Ti copper-based shape memory alloy is prepared by pre-alloyed powder
Method, comprising the following steps:
(1) high purity alloys of element Cu, Ni in alloy are put into mass ratio in vacuum melting furnace and carry out melting, repeatedly
Melting three times, obtains starting ingot, and ingot casting is passed through to argon gas while vacuum melting furnace high temperature melts and is rushed to melt composition
It hitting, melt forms droplet by impact dispersion, forms required alloyed powder powder stock after cooling, and powder diameter is in 14.3~
53.9 μm, 31.6 μm of average grain diameter, then the high purity alloys powder of identical Al, Ti element of partial size is obtained with above-mentioned in mass ratio
Pre-alloyed powder mechanical mixture obtain uniform powder；
(2) using the mixed-powder prepared as raw material, using continuous YAG laser as energy source, laser facula
50 μm of diameter, the scanning mode of laser is to rotate 67 ° between layers, using copper base as forming board, by need to shape
The stl file input SLM former of 3 d part figure carries out hierarchy slicing processing by corresponding software, and generates laser scanning
Path；
(3) the copper-based shape of Cu-13.5Al-4Ni-0.5Ti prepared by step (1) of one layer of 40 μ m-thick is laid on copper base
Shape memory alloys powder raw material, laser is according to the laser beam scan path of generation, using laser power 320w, scanning speed
Powder bed is formed in 1200mm/s, the parameter that 90 μm of sweep span, melts powder under laser action, and atom is strong to be broken
It is bad, fusing reaction occurs in situ in molten bath and generates Cu-13.5Al-4Ni-0.5Ti copper-based shape memory alloy, on copper base
Form smooth copper-based shape memory alloy melting zone；
(4) after one layer of copper-based shape memory alloy shapes, substrate is declined 40 μm, then one layer 40 of melting zone upper berth
μm mixed-powder, laser using machined parameters same in step (3) according to scheduled scan path to powder bed again
Scanning fusing forming, forms new melting zone；
(5) repeat the above steps (4), until completing the forming of entire copper-based shape memory alloy, entire forming process exists
Oxygen content carries out under the inert gas shielding environment lower than 0.1%, finally by the copper-based shape memory alloy shaped from substrate
On cut down, obtaining has design shape and has the copper-based shape memory alloy part of memory function, copper-based shape note
The consistency of alloy is recalled up to 99.6%, and crystal grain is tiny, good mechanical performance, can restore deformation up to 97% with good high temperatures
Energy.
As it will be easily appreciated by one skilled in the art that the foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, not to
The limitation present invention, any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should all include
Within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of method that copper-based shape memory alloy is prepared in situ in increasing material manufacturing, which is characterized in that this method includes following step
It is rapid:
(a) element for including in required part is divided into main element and functional element, respectively choose main element and function
The alloy powder of element is as raw material, and by the powder of the main element, mixed smelting forms ingot casting in a furnace, then uses
Aeroponics are mixed by the ingot melting acquisition pre-alloyed powder, by the pre-alloyed powder with the alloy powder of the functional element
Uniformly, mixed-powder is obtained with this；
(b) using the hybrid alloys powder as raw material, using copper alloy as forming board, using electron beam or laser beam conduct
Energy source carry out selective melting forming preparation needed for copper-based memory alloy part, should during, in the mixed-powder respectively at
Point moment is heated the above indifference of respective fusing point and is molten into liquid phase, and reaction in-situ diffusion occurs under liquid phase,
In, it is short to react fast, diffusion time between atom, avoids component segregation；In addition, since cooling velocity is fast, by the main element shape
At parent phase be not decomposed to form brittle γ2Phase, but form martensitic phase are closed to improve the required copper-based memory
The memory performance and super-elasticity of metal parts.
2. a kind of method that copper-based shape memory alloy is prepared in situ in increasing material manufacturing as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that
In step (a), the partial size of the pre-alloyed powder is preferably 20 μm~50 μm.
3. a kind of method that copper-based shape memory alloy is prepared in situ in increasing material manufacturing as claimed in claim 1 or 2, feature exist
In in step (a), mixed smelting preferably uses multiple vacuum melting to the powder of the main element in a furnace, so that closing
Golden ingredient uniformly reduces segregation.
4. the method that copper-based shape memory alloy is prepared in situ in a kind of increasing material manufacturing as described in any one of claims 1-3,
It is characterized in that, in step (a), the aeroponics are preferably carried out according to the following steps: the ingot casting being put into vacuum first and is melted
It is melted again in furnace, and is passed through high speed argon gas while fusing and impact is formed to the melt that fusing is formed, solution is by gas
Impact dispersion is cooled into powder, the powder of required partial size is then taken by sieve sieve, in this, as pre-alloyed powder.
5. the method that copper-based shape memory alloy is prepared in situ in a kind of increasing material manufacturing according to any one of claims 1-4,
It is characterized in that, in step (b), laser power is preferably 200W~350W in the selective laser fusing, and scanning speed is
800mm/s~1200mm/s, sweep span are 50 μm~90 μm, and laser spot diameter is 50 μm~80 μm.
6. the method that copper-based shape memory alloy is prepared in situ in a kind of increasing material manufacturing as described in any one in claim 1-5,
It is characterized in that, in step (b), it is 1000W~1200W, line scanning speed that the electron beam, which chooses beam power in fusing,
For 20mm/s~35mm/s, sweep span is 85 μm~140 μm.
7. a kind of prepare copper-based shape memory alloy product using method described in any one of claims 1-6.
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| CN110465662A (en) * | 2019-08-09 | 2019-11-19 | 华南理工大学 | A kind of original position regulates and controls 4D Method of printing and the application of Nitinol functional characteristic |
| CN111842890A (en) * | 2020-06-30 | 2020-10-30 | 中南大学 | Special high-strength 7-series aluminum-based composite material for 3D printing and preparation method thereof |
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| CN112059181A (en) * | 2020-08-28 | 2020-12-11 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | Nickel-manganese-indium shape memory alloy part and 4D forming method thereof |
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| CN114669751A (en) * | 2022-04-14 | 2022-06-28 | 中南大学 | Preparation method of crack-free nickel-titanium-copper alloy for additive manufacturing |
| CN114669751B (en) * | 2022-04-14 | 2023-02-28 | 中南大学 | Preparation method of crack-free nickel-titanium-copper alloy for additive manufacturing |
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Application publication date: 20190419 |