CN111842890B - Special high-strength 7-series aluminum-based composite material for 3D printing and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Special high-strength 7-series aluminum-based composite material for 3D printing and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN111842890B
CN111842890B CN202010614196.9A CN202010614196A CN111842890B CN 111842890 B CN111842890 B CN 111842890B CN 202010614196 A CN202010614196 A CN 202010614196A CN 111842890 B CN111842890 B CN 111842890B
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CN111842890A (en
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李瑞迪
李澜波
袁铁锤
冉俊铭
黄伟超
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Central South University
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
    • B33Y70/10—Composites of different types of material, e.g. mixtures of ceramics and polymers or mixtures of metals and biomaterials
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C1/05—Mixtures of metal powder with non-metallic powder
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/10—Alloys based on aluminium with zinc as the next major constituent
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Abstract

The invention discloses a special high-strength 7-series aluminum-based composite material for 3D printing and a preparation method thereof, wherein the preparation method of the special high-strength 7-series aluminum-based composite powder for 3D printing of a powder bed comprises the following steps: the 7-series aluminum-based composite powder comprises 7-series aluminum alloy powder, copper-based shape memory alloy powder and erbium oxide powder; the 7 series aluminum alloy powder, the copper-based shape memory alloy powder and the erbium oxide powder are filled into a powder mixing device to be uniformly mixed, and the 7 series aluminum-based composite powder is obtained after drying and sieving, and can be used for powder bed laser 3D printing; the weight percentage of the erbium oxide powder is 0.1-1%, the weight percentage of the copper-based shape memory alloy powder is 0.1-3%, and the balance is the 7 series aluminum alloy powder. According to the invention, by adding the copper-based shape memory alloy and the erbium oxide, cracks of the 7-series aluminum alloy prepared by the SLM method are eliminated and the mechanical property of the 7-series aluminum alloy is improved.

Description

Special high-strength 7-series aluminum-based composite material for 3D printing and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metal material forming and manufacturing, and particularly relates to a high-strength 7-series aluminum-based composite material special for 3D printing and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The aluminum alloy has the properties of high specific strength, good electrical conductivity, good thermal conductivity, good corrosion resistance and the like, and is widely applied to the industrial fields of automobiles, transportation, aviation, parts and the like. However, the casting and welding performance of the aluminum alloy is poor, so that the aluminum alloy is difficult to prepare by adopting the traditional processing method, and meanwhile, the traditional processing and manufacturing method is difficult to meet the requirement of preparing parts with complex shapes. The 7-series aluminum alloy is one of high-strength aluminum alloys, belongs to superhard aluminum alloys, has extremely superior mechanical properties and processing properties, and plays a significant role in modern industry. Selective Laser Melting (SLM) is a novel processing technology which has the advantages of capability of producing parts with complex shapes, low cost, short production period and the like, and the SLM method is adopted to prepare the 7-series aluminum alloy, which has great significance to modern industry. However, due to the high residual stress during laser processing, SLM produced 7-series aluminum alloys are very prone to cracking, greatly reducing their mechanical properties and severely limiting their application in modern industries.
The key of the technology is how to prepare the 7-series aluminum alloy with no cracks and high mechanical property by adopting the SLM method.
Disclosure of Invention
This section is for the purpose of summarizing some aspects of embodiments of the invention and to briefly introduce some preferred embodiments. In this section, as well as in the abstract and the title of the invention of this application, simplifications or omissions may be made to avoid obscuring the purpose of the section, the abstract and the title, and such simplifications or omissions are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned technical drawbacks.
Therefore, as one aspect of the invention, the invention overcomes the defects in the prior art and provides a special high-strength 7-series aluminum matrix composite material for 3D printing and a preparation method thereof.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a preparation method of special high-strength 7-series aluminum-based composite powder for 3D printing of a powder bed comprises the following steps: the 7-series aluminum-based composite powder comprises 7-series aluminum alloy powder, copper-based shape memory alloy powder and erbium oxide powder; the 7 series aluminum alloy powder, the copper-based shape memory alloy powder and the erbium oxide powder are filled into a powder mixing device to be uniformly mixed, and the 7 series aluminum-based composite powder is obtained after drying and sieving, and can be used for powder bed laser 3D printing; the weight percentage of the erbium oxide powder is 0.1-1%, the weight percentage of the copper-based shape memory alloy powder is 0.1-3%, and the balance is the 7 series aluminum alloy powder.
As a preferred scheme of the preparation method of the special high-strength 7-series aluminum-based composite powder for 3D printing of the powder bed, the preparation method comprises the following steps: the erbium oxide is erbium oxide powder modified by alkyl sulfonate.
As a preferred scheme of the preparation method of the special high-strength 7-series aluminum-based composite powder for 3D printing of the powder bed, the preparation method comprises the following steps: the modification comprises the steps of ultrasonically oscillating an oxide suspension system for 0.5h, adding a surfactant alkyl sulfonate in a high-speed stirring state, stirring for 18-24 h, then carrying out centrifugal separation, washing, and drying at 80-100 ℃ for 16-20 h to obtain modified erbium oxide powder; and (4) drying and sieving, namely sieving by using a sieve of 150-250 meshes.
As a preferred scheme of the preparation method of the special high-strength 7-series aluminum-based composite powder for 3D printing of the powder bed, the preparation method comprises the following steps: the 7-series aluminum alloy powder is prepared by adopting an air atomization method, and is treated for 0.5-1 h at the temperature of 600-700 ℃ and under the pressure of 5-7 MPa, and is dried and sieved by a 150-250-mesh sieve; the copper-based shape memory alloy powder is prepared by adopting an air atomization method, and is processed for 0.5-1 h at 1000-1200 ℃ and under 5-7 MPa, and is dried and sieved by a 150-250 mesh sieve.
As another aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides a 7-series aluminum-based composite powder, which is: the 7-series aluminum-based composite powder comprises, by mass, 0.1-1% of erbium oxide powder, 0.1-3% of copper-based shape memory alloy powder, and the balance of the 7-series aluminum alloy powder.
A preferable embodiment of the 7-series aluminum-based composite powder according to the present invention is a 7-series aluminum-based composite powder, wherein: the 7-series aluminum-based composite powder comprises, by mass, 0.2-3.0% of Si, Fe: 0-0.6%, Cu: 0.1-1%, Mn: 0.1-0.3%, Mg: 2-3%, Cr: 0.12-0.3%, Zn: 5.3-6.3%, Ti: 0-0.3%, Zr: 0-2% and Sc: 0-0.8% and the balance of Al.
A preferable embodiment of the 7-series aluminum-based composite powder according to the present invention is a 7-series aluminum-based composite powder, wherein: the copper-based shape memory alloy powder includes, in mass fraction, Zn: 10-15%, Al: 10-16% and the balance of Cu.
As another aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides a method for printing a 7-series aluminum-based composite powder, comprising: the printing parameters are that the laser power is 110-330W, the scanning speed is 700-1000 mm/s, the layer thickness is 20-120 μm, and the scanning distance is 80-240 μm.
As a preferable aspect of the printing method of the 7-series aluminum-based composite powder according to the present invention, wherein: the printing parameters were laser power 280W, scanning rate 780mm/s, layer thickness 40 μm, and scanning pitch 130 μm.
As a preferable aspect of the printing method of the 7-series aluminum-based composite powder according to the present invention, wherein: the 7-series alloy-based composite material obtained by printing has no cracks, the tensile strength can reach 400-500 MPa, and the elongation is 5-10%.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, by adding the copper-based shape memory alloy and the erbium oxide, cracks of the 7-series aluminum alloy prepared by the SLM method are eliminated and the mechanical property of the 7-series aluminum alloy is improved. The addition of the copper-based shape memory alloy enables the volume of the alloy to expand in the solidification process, and inhibits the expansion of cracks. And erbium oxide reacts with aluminum to produce Al3Er, as a fine second phase, pins dislocations in the alloy matrix and blocks dislocation movement; on the other hand, the pinning is at the grain boundary, so that the migration of the grain boundary and the growth of grains are hindered, and the mechanical property of the aluminum alloy matrix composite material is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without inventive exercise. Wherein:
FIG. 1 is a microstructure diagram of a 3D-printed product of example 1;
FIG. 2 is a stress-strain plot of the 3D printed product of example 1;
fig. 3 is a microstructure view of a 3D printed product in example 8.
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with examples are described in detail below.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, but the present invention may be practiced in other ways than those specifically described and will be readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and therefore the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.
Furthermore, reference herein to "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one implementation of the invention. The appearances of the phrase "in one embodiment" in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments.
Example 1:
a crack-free 7-series aluminum-based composite material comprises 7-series aluminum alloy powder, copper-based alloy powder and oxidized bait powder, wherein the mass fraction of the oxidized bait is 0.8%, the mass fraction of the copper-based shape memory alloy is 3%, and the balance is the 7-series aluminum alloy powder. The mass fraction of each element in the 7-series aluminum alloy powder is Si: 3%, Fe: 0.6%, Cu: 1%, Mn: 0.3%, Mg: 2.8%, Cr: 0.3%, Zn: 6.4%, Ti: 0.3%, Zr: 1.1%, Sc: 0.6 percent and the balance of Al.
The preparation method of the crack-free 7-series aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
s1, carrying out gas atomization treatment at 700 ℃ and 7MPa for 1h to obtain 7-series aluminum alloy powder, and carrying out gas atomization treatment at 1100 ℃ and 8MPa for 1h to obtain copper-based shape memory alloy powder. Then, erbium oxide was dispersed in the aqueous solution, and the oxide suspension was first ultrasonically oscillated for 0.5h, and a surfactant sodium alkylsulfonate (mass ratio to erbium oxide: 1) was added to the suspension of the nano-oxide under high-speed stirring. Then magnetically stirring for 24h at room temperature, separating out oxide particles by high-speed centrifugation, washing with distilled water for multiple times to remove unadsorbed surfactant, and finally drying in a vacuum drying oven at 100 ℃ for 18h to obtain modified erbium oxide powder. Modifying erbium oxide, putting 7 series aluminum alloy powder, copper-based shape memory alloy powder and erbium oxide powder into a large 3D powder mixing device, mixing for 6h to obtain composite powder, drying the powder, and sieving with a 200-mesh sieve to obtain powder with the particle size of 75 microns.
S2, setting SLM equipment, pouring 7-series aluminum alloy base composite powder into a powder feeding cylinder for processing, sealing the equipment, vacuumizing, introducing Ar gas, and scanning by using red light to simulate a scanning path;
s3, laser processing is carried out to prepare the formed metal part, namely the SLM control system firstly uses laser to repeatedly scan the substrate and preheat the substrate (the substrate preheating temperature is 100 ℃), then powder is spread, SLM printing forming is carried out according to the geometric structure model of the part, and the printing parameters are as follows: laser power 280W, scanning speed 780mm/s, layer thickness 40 μm, scanning pitch 130 μm.
The obtained 7-series alloy-based composite material had no cracks (FIG. 1), a tensile strength of 463MPa and an elongation of 8% (FIG. 2).
Example 2:
a crack-free 7-series aluminum-based composite material comprises 7-series aluminum alloy powder, copper-based alloy powder and oxidized bait powder, wherein the mass fraction of the oxidized bait is 0.8%, the mass fraction of the copper-based shape memory alloy is 3%, and the balance is the 7-series aluminum alloy powder. The mass fraction of each element in the 7-series aluminum alloy powder is Si: 3%, Fe: 0.6%, Cu: 1%, Mn: 0.3%, Mg: 2.8%, Cr: 0.3%, Zn: 6.4%, Ti: 0.3%, Zr: 1.1%, Sc: 0.6 percent and the balance of Al.
The preparation method of the crack-free 7-series aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
s1, carrying out gas atomization treatment at 700 ℃ and 7MPa for 1h to obtain 7-series aluminum alloy powder, and carrying out gas atomization treatment at 1100 ℃ and 8MPa for 1h to obtain copper-based shape memory alloy powder. And then, dispersing erbium oxide in an aqueous solution, firstly, ultrasonically oscillating an oxide suspension system for 0.5h, and adding a surfactant alkyl sulfonate into the suspension system of the nano oxide under the state of high-speed stirring. Then magnetically stirring for 24h at room temperature, separating out oxide particles by high-speed centrifugation, washing with distilled water for multiple times to remove unadsorbed surfactant, and finally drying in a vacuum drying oven at 100 ℃ for 18h to obtain modified erbium oxide powder. Modifying erbium oxide, putting 7 series aluminum alloy powder, copper-based shape memory alloy powder and erbium oxide powder into a large 3D powder mixing device, mixing for 6h to obtain composite powder, drying the powder, and sieving with a 200-mesh sieve to obtain powder with the particle size of 75 microns.
S2, setting SLM equipment, pouring 7-series aluminum alloy base composite powder into a powder feeding cylinder for processing, sealing the equipment, vacuumizing, introducing Ar gas, and scanning by using red light to simulate a scanning path;
s3, laser processing is carried out to prepare the formed metal part, namely the SLM control system firstly uses laser to repeatedly scan the substrate and preheat the substrate (the substrate preheating temperature is 100 ℃), then powder is spread, SLM printing forming is carried out according to the geometric structure model of the part, and the printing parameters are as follows: laser power 280W, scanning speed 780mm/s, layer thickness 40 μm, scanning pitch 130 μm.
The obtained 7-series alloy-based composite material has no cracks, the tensile strength is 432MPa, and the elongation is 5%.
Example 3:
a crack-free 7-series aluminum-based composite material comprises 7-series aluminum alloy powder, copper-based alloy powder and oxidized bait powder, wherein the mass fraction of the oxidized bait is 0.8%, and the mass fraction of the 7-series aluminum alloy powder is 99.2%. The mass fraction of each element in the 7-series aluminum alloy powder is Si: 3%, Fe: 0.6%, Cu: 1%, Mn: 0.3%, Mg: 2.8%, Cr: 0.3%, Zn: 6.4%, Ti: 0.3%, Zr: 1.1%, Sc: 0.6 percent and the balance of Al.
The preparation method of the crack-free 7-series aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
s1, carrying out gas atomization treatment for 1h at 700 ℃ and 7MPa to obtain 7-series aluminum alloy powder. And then, dispersing erbium oxide in an aqueous solution, firstly, ultrasonically oscillating an oxide suspension system for 0.5h, and adding a surfactant alkyl sulfonate into the suspension system of the nano oxide under the state of high-speed stirring. Then magnetically stirring for 24h at room temperature, separating out oxide particles by high-speed centrifugation, washing with distilled water for multiple times to remove unadsorbed surfactant, and finally drying in a vacuum drying oven at 100 ℃ for 18h to obtain modified erbium oxide powder. Modifying erbium oxide, putting 7 series aluminum alloy powder and erbium oxide powder into a large 3D powder mixing device, mixing for 6h to obtain composite powder, drying the powder, and sieving with a 200-mesh sieve to obtain powder with the particle size of 75 microns.
S2, setting SLM equipment, pouring 7-series aluminum alloy base composite powder into a powder feeding cylinder for processing, sealing the equipment, vacuumizing, introducing Ar gas, and scanning by using red light to simulate a scanning path;
s3, laser processing is carried out to prepare the formed metal part, namely the SLM control system firstly uses laser to repeatedly scan the substrate and preheat the substrate (the substrate preheating temperature is 100 ℃), then powder is spread, SLM printing forming is carried out according to the geometric structure model of the part, and the printing parameters are as follows: laser power 280W, scanning speed 780mm/s, layer thickness 40 μm, scanning pitch 130 μm.
The obtained 7-series alloy-based composite material has no cracks, the tensile strength is 406MPa, and the elongation is 3%.
Example 4:
a crack-free 7-series aluminum-based composite material comprises 7-series aluminum alloy powder, copper-based alloy powder and oxidized bait powder, wherein the mass fraction of the copper-based shape memory alloy is 3%, and the mass fraction of the 7-series aluminum alloy powder is 97%. The mass fraction of each element in the 7-series aluminum alloy powder is Si: 3%, Fe: 0.6%, Cu: 1%, Mn: 0.3%, Mg: 2.8%, Cr: 0.3%, Zn: 6.4%, Ti: 0.3%, Zr: 1.1%, Sc: 0.6 percent and the balance of Al.
The preparation method of the crack-free 7-series aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
s1, carrying out gas atomization treatment at 700 ℃ and 7MPa for 1h to obtain 7-series aluminum alloy powder, and carrying out gas atomization treatment at 1100 ℃ and 8MPa for 1h to obtain copper-based shape memory alloy powder. And then, putting the 7 series aluminum alloy powder and the copper-based shape memory alloy powder into a large 3D powder mixing device to be mixed for 6 hours to obtain composite powder, drying the powder, and then sieving the powder with a 200-mesh sieve to obtain the powder with the particle size of 75 microns.
S2, setting SLM equipment, pouring 7-series aluminum alloy base composite powder into a powder feeding cylinder for processing, sealing the equipment, vacuumizing, introducing Ar gas, and scanning by using red light to simulate a scanning path;
s3, laser processing is carried out to prepare the formed metal part, namely the SLM control system firstly uses laser to repeatedly scan the substrate and preheat the substrate (the substrate preheating temperature is 100 ℃), then powder is spread, SLM printing forming is carried out according to the geometric structure model of the part, and the printing parameters are as follows: laser power 280W, scanning speed 780mm/s, layer thickness 40 μm, scanning pitch 130 μm.
The obtained 7-series alloy-based composite material has no cracks, the tensile strength is 420MPa, and the elongation is 4%.
Example 5:
a crack-free 7-series aluminum-based composite material comprises 7-series aluminum alloy powder, copper-based alloy powder and oxidized bait powder, wherein the mass fraction of the oxidized bait is 0.6%, the mass fraction of the copper-based shape memory alloy is 2%, and the balance is the 7-series aluminum alloy powder. The mass fraction of each element in the 7-series aluminum alloy powder is Si: 3%, Fe: 0.6%, Cu: 1%, Mn: 0.3%, Mg: 2.8%, Cr: 0.3%, Zn: 6.4%, Ti: 0.3%, Zr: 1.1%, Sc: 0.6 percent and the balance of Al.
The preparation method of the crack-free 7-series aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
s1, carrying out gas atomization treatment at 700 ℃ and 7MPa for 1h to obtain 7-series aluminum alloy powder, and carrying out gas atomization treatment at 1100 ℃ and 8MPa for 1h to obtain copper-based shape memory alloy powder. And then, dispersing erbium oxide in an aqueous solution, firstly, ultrasonically oscillating an oxide suspension system for 0.5h, and adding a surfactant alkyl sulfonate into the suspension system of the nano oxide under the state of high-speed stirring. Then magnetically stirring for 24h at room temperature, separating out oxide particles by high-speed centrifugation, washing with distilled water for multiple times to remove unadsorbed surfactant, and finally drying in a vacuum drying oven at 100 ℃ for 18h to obtain modified erbium oxide powder. Modifying erbium oxide, putting 7 series aluminum alloy powder, copper-based shape memory alloy powder and erbium oxide powder into a large 3D powder mixing device, mixing for 6h to obtain composite powder, drying the powder, and sieving with a 200-mesh sieve to obtain powder with the particle size of 75 microns.
S2, setting SLM equipment, pouring 7-series aluminum alloy base composite powder into a powder feeding cylinder for processing, sealing the equipment, vacuumizing, introducing Ar gas, and scanning by using red light to simulate a scanning path;
s3, laser processing is carried out to prepare the formed metal part, namely the SLM control system firstly uses laser to repeatedly scan the substrate and preheat the substrate (the substrate preheating temperature is 100 ℃), then powder is spread, SLM printing forming is carried out according to the geometric structure model of the part, and the printing parameters are as follows: laser power 280W, scanning speed 780mm/s, layer thickness 40 μm, scanning pitch 130 μm.
The obtained 7-series alloy-based composite material has no cracks, the tensile strength is 428MPa, and the elongation is 4%.
Example 6:
a crack-free 7-series aluminum-based composite material comprises 7-series aluminum alloy powder, copper-based alloy powder and oxidized bait powder, wherein the mass fraction of the oxidized bait is 0.8%, the mass fraction of the copper-based shape memory alloy is 3%, and the balance is the 7-series aluminum alloy powder. The mass fraction of each element in the 7-series aluminum alloy powder is Si: 3%, Fe: 0.6%, Cu: 1%, Mn: 0.3%, Mg: 2.8%, Cr: 0.3%, Zn: 6.4%, Ti: 0.3%, Zr: 1.1%, Sc: 0.6 percent and the balance of Al.
The preparation method of the crack-free 7-series aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
s1, carrying out gas atomization treatment at 700 ℃ and 7MPa for 1h to obtain 7-series aluminum alloy powder, and carrying out gas atomization treatment at 1100 ℃ and 8MPa for 1h to obtain copper-based shape memory alloy powder. And then, dispersing erbium oxide in an aqueous solution, firstly, ultrasonically oscillating an oxide suspension system for 0.5h, and adding a surfactant alkyl sulfonate into the suspension system of the nano oxide under the state of high-speed stirring. Then magnetically stirring for 24h at room temperature, separating out oxide particles by high-speed centrifugation, washing with distilled water for multiple times to remove unadsorbed surfactant, and finally drying in a vacuum drying oven at 100 ℃ for 18h to obtain modified erbium oxide powder. Modifying erbium oxide, putting 7 series aluminum alloy powder, copper-based shape memory alloy powder and erbium oxide powder into a large 3D powder mixing device, mixing for 6h to obtain composite powder, drying the powder, and sieving with a 200-mesh sieve to obtain powder with the particle size of 75 microns.
S2, setting SLM equipment, pouring 7-series aluminum alloy base composite powder into a powder feeding cylinder for processing, sealing the equipment, vacuumizing, introducing Ar gas, and scanning by using red light to simulate a scanning path;
s3, laser processing is carried out to prepare the formed metal part, namely the SLM control system firstly uses laser to repeatedly scan the substrate and preheat the substrate (the substrate preheating temperature is 100 ℃), then powder is spread, SLM printing forming is carried out according to the geometric structure model of the part, and the printing parameters are as follows: the laser power was 260W, the scanning rate was 760mm/s, the layer thickness was 37 μm, and the scanning pitch was 126. mu.m.
The obtained 7-series alloy-based composite material has no cracks, the tensile strength is 412MPa, and the elongation is 4%.
Example 7:
a crack-free 7-series aluminum-based composite material comprises 7-series aluminum alloy powder, copper-based alloy powder and oxidized bait powder, wherein the mass fraction of the oxidized bait is 0.8%, the mass fraction of the copper-based shape memory alloy is 3%, and the balance is the 7-series aluminum alloy powder. The mass fraction of each element in the 7-series aluminum alloy powder is Si: 3%, Fe: 0.6%, Cu: 1%, Mn: 0.3%, Mg: 2.8%, Cr: 0.3%, Zn: 6.4%, Ti: 0.3%, Zr: 1.1%, Sc: 0.6 percent and the balance of Al.
The preparation method of the crack-free 7-series aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
s1, carrying out gas atomization treatment at 700 ℃ and 7MPa for 1h to obtain 7-series aluminum alloy powder, and carrying out gas atomization treatment at 1100 ℃ and 8MPa for 1h to obtain copper-based shape memory alloy powder. And then, dispersing erbium oxide in an aqueous solution, firstly, ultrasonically oscillating an oxide suspension system for 0.5h, and adding a surfactant alkyl sulfonate into the suspension system of the nano oxide under the state of high-speed stirring. Then magnetically stirring for 24h at room temperature, separating out oxide particles by high-speed centrifugation, washing with distilled water for multiple times to remove unadsorbed surfactant, and finally drying in a vacuum drying oven at 100 ℃ for 18h to obtain modified erbium oxide powder. Modifying erbium oxide, putting 7 series aluminum alloy powder, copper-based shape memory alloy powder and erbium oxide powder into a large 3D powder mixing device, mixing for 6h to obtain composite powder, drying the powder, and sieving with a 250-mesh sieve to obtain powder with the particle size of 58 mu m.
S2, setting SLM equipment, pouring 7-series aluminum alloy base composite powder into a powder feeding cylinder for processing, sealing the equipment, vacuumizing, introducing Ar gas, and scanning by using red light to simulate a scanning path;
s3, laser processing is carried out to prepare the formed metal part, namely the SLM control system firstly uses laser to repeatedly scan the substrate and preheat the substrate (the substrate preheating temperature is 100 ℃), then powder is spread, SLM printing forming is carried out according to the geometric structure model of the part, and the printing parameters are as follows: laser power 280W, scanning speed 780mm/s, layer thickness 40 μm, scanning pitch 130 μm.
The obtained 7-series alloy-based composite material has no cracks, the tensile strength is 428MPa, and the elongation is 5%.
Example 8:
a crack-free 7-series aluminum-based composite material comprises 7-series aluminum alloy powder, copper-based alloy powder and oxidized bait powder, wherein the mass fraction of the oxidized bait is 0.8%, the mass fraction of the copper-based shape memory alloy is 3%, and the balance is the 7-series aluminum alloy powder. The mass fraction of each element in the 7-series aluminum alloy powder is Si: 3%, Fe: 0.6%, Cu: 1%, Mn: 0.3%, Mg: 2.8%, Cr: 0.3%, Zn: 6.4%, Ti: 0.3%, Zr: 1.1%, Sc: 0.6 percent and the balance of Al.
The preparation method of the crack-free 7-series aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
s1, carrying out gas atomization treatment at 700 ℃ and 7MPa for 1h to obtain 7-series aluminum alloy powder, and carrying out gas atomization treatment at 1100 ℃ and 8MPa for 1h to obtain copper-based shape memory alloy powder. And then, dispersing erbium oxide in an aqueous solution, firstly, ultrasonically oscillating an oxide suspension system for 0.5h, and adding a surfactant alkyl sulfonate into the suspension system of the nano oxide under the state of high-speed stirring. Then magnetically stirring for 24h at room temperature, separating out oxide particles by high-speed centrifugation, washing with distilled water for multiple times to remove unadsorbed surfactant, and finally drying in a vacuum drying oven at 100 ℃ for 18h to obtain modified erbium oxide powder. Modifying erbium oxide, putting 7 series aluminum alloy powder, copper-based shape memory alloy powder and erbium oxide powder into a large 3D powder mixing device, mixing for 2h to obtain composite powder, drying the powder, and sieving with a 200-mesh sieve to obtain powder with the particle size of 75 microns.
S2, setting SLM equipment, pouring 7-series aluminum alloy base composite powder into a powder feeding cylinder for processing, sealing the equipment, vacuumizing, introducing Ar gas, and scanning by using red light to simulate a scanning path;
s3, laser processing is carried out to prepare the formed metal part, namely the SLM control system firstly uses laser to repeatedly scan the substrate and preheat the substrate (the substrate preheating temperature is 100 ℃), then powder is spread, SLM printing forming is carried out according to the geometric structure model of the part, and the printing parameters are as follows: laser power 280W, scanning speed 780mm/s, layer thickness 40 μm, scanning pitch 130 μm.
The obtained 7-series alloy-based composite material had cracks (FIG. 3), a tensile strength of 280MPa, and an elongation of 2%.
According to the invention, the copper-based shape memory alloy and erbium oxide are added to eliminate cracks of the 7-series aluminum alloy prepared by the SLM method and improve the mechanical property of the 7-series aluminum alloy. The addition of the copper-based shape memory alloy enables the volume of the alloy to expand in the solidification process, and inhibits the expansion of cracks. And erbium oxide reacts with aluminum to form Al3Er, as a fine second phase, pins dislocations in the alloy matrix and blocks dislocation movement; on the other hand, the pinning is at the grain boundary, so that the migration of the grain boundary and the growth of the grains are hindered. Therefore, the mechanical property of the aluminum alloy matrix composite material is improved.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, which should be covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. A preparation method of special high-strength 7-series aluminum-based composite powder for 3D printing of a powder bed is characterized by comprising the following steps: the 7-series aluminum-based composite powder comprises 7-series aluminum alloy powder, copper-based shape memory alloy powder and erbium oxide powder;
the 7 series aluminum alloy powder, the copper-based shape memory alloy powder and the erbium oxide powder are filled into a powder mixing device to be uniformly mixed, and the 7 series aluminum-based composite powder is obtained after drying and sieving, and can be used for powder bed laser 3D printing;
the weight percentage of the erbium oxide powder is 0.1-1%, the weight percentage of the copper-based shape memory alloy powder is 0.1-3%, and the balance is the 7 series aluminum alloy powder;
the erbium oxide is erbium oxide powder modified by alkyl sulfonate.
2. The preparation method of the special high-strength 7-series aluminum-based composite powder for 3D printing of the powder bed according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the modification comprises the steps of ultrasonically oscillating an oxide suspension system for 0.5h, adding a surfactant alkyl sulfonate in a high-speed stirring state, stirring for 18-24 h, then carrying out centrifugal separation, washing, and drying at 80-100 ℃ for 16-20 h to obtain modified erbium oxide powder; and (4) drying and sieving, namely sieving by using a sieve of 150-250 meshes.
3. The preparation method of the special high-strength 7-series aluminum-based composite powder for 3D printing of the powder bed according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the 7-series aluminum alloy powder is prepared by adopting an air atomization method, and is treated for 0.5-1 h at the temperature of 600-700 ℃ and under the pressure of 5-7 MPa, and is dried and sieved by a 150-250-mesh sieve; the copper-based shape memory alloy powder is prepared by adopting an air atomization method, and is processed for 0.5-1 h at 1000-1200 ℃ and under 5-7 MPa, and is dried and sieved by a 150-250 mesh sieve.
4. A7-series aluminum-based composite powder produced by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: the 7-series aluminum-based composite powder comprises, by mass, 0.1-1% of erbium oxide powder, 0.1-3% of copper-based shape memory alloy powder, and the balance of the 7-series aluminum alloy powder.
5. The 7-series aluminum-based composite powder according to claim 4, wherein: the 7-series aluminum-based composite powder comprises, by mass, 0.2-3.0% of Si, Fe: 0-0.6%, Cu: 0.1-1%, Mn: 0.1-0.3%, Mg: 2-3%, Cr: 0.12-0.3%, Zn: 5.3-6.3%, Ti: 0-0.3%, Zr: 0-2% and Sc: 0-0.8% and the balance of Al.
6. The 7-series aluminum-based composite powder according to claim 4, wherein: the copper-based shape memory alloy powder includes, in mass fraction, Zn: 10-15%, Al: 10-16% and the balance of Cu.
7. A method of printing the 7-series aluminum-based composite powder according to any one of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that: the printing parameters are that the laser power is 110-330W, the scanning speed is 700-1000 mm/s, the layer thickness is 20-120 μm, and the scanning distance is 80-240 μm.
8. The method for printing a 7-series aluminum-based composite powder according to claim 7, wherein: the printing parameters were laser power 280W, scanning rate 780mm/s, layer thickness 40 μm, and scanning pitch 130 μm.
9. The method for printing a 7-series aluminum-based composite powder according to claim 7, wherein: the 7-series alloy-based composite material obtained by printing has no cracks, the tensile strength can reach 400-500 MPa, and the elongation is 5-10%.
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