CN113020606B - Aluminum alloy powder material for aviation additive manufacturing, preparation method and 3D printing method - Google Patents
Aluminum alloy powder material for aviation additive manufacturing, preparation method and 3D printing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113020606B CN113020606B CN202011591841.6A CN202011591841A CN113020606B CN 113020606 B CN113020606 B CN 113020606B CN 202011591841 A CN202011591841 A CN 202011591841A CN 113020606 B CN113020606 B CN 113020606B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title abstract description 69
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 11
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- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 claims description 23
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- 229910000676 Si alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910001093 Zr alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- ZGUQGPFMMTZGBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Al].[Al].[Zr] Chemical compound [Al].[Al].[Zr] ZGUQGPFMMTZGBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- UQZIWOQVLUASCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane;titanium Chemical compound [AlH3].[Ti] UQZIWOQVLUASCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumanylidynesilicon Chemical compound [Al].[Si] CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
- B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
- B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
-
- B22F1/0003—
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/14—Treatment of metallic powder
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/06—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent
- C22C21/08—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent with silicon
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides aluminum alloy powder for aviation additive manufacturing, a preparation method and a 3D printing method, wherein the aluminum alloy powder comprises the following components in parts by weight: mg: 4.0-6.0 wt%, sc:0.7 to 0.9wt%, zr:0.3 to 0.5wt%, mn:0.4 to 0.5wt%, si:0.1 to 0.2wt%, cu:0.02 to 0.1wt%, ti:0.05 to 0.15wt%, zn: < 0.1wt% or Fe: less than 0.1wt%, and the balance of Al. By doping elements with different components, the material has high strength and toughness, the material characteristics of the aluminum alloy can be compensated, the high reflectivity of the aluminum alloy powder material to laser during laser forming is reduced, and the problem of heat cracking of the aluminum alloy powder material is solved, so that the aluminum alloy powder can be used in the additive manufacturing method in the field of aviation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aluminum alloy powder, in particular to an aluminum alloy powder material for aviation additive manufacturing, a preparation method and a 3D printing method.
Background
Aluminum alloys have been used as a lightweight high-strength material, and have been playing a significant role in various fields due to their excellent specific strength. In particular, in the aerospace field, the requirements on aluminum alloy are increasing and demanding, and besides the requirement on light weight of materials, the requirements on flexibility and integration of component design are also provided. The additive manufacturing process in the current processing mode, especially the additive manufacturing process of aluminum alloy, needs to meet both the requirements of light weight and high strength of materials and the design and forming requirements of complex parts.
The high-strength aluminum alloy has the characteristics of small density, high strength, good processing performance, excellent welding performance and the like, and the performance of the high-strength aluminum alloy commonly used at present, such as Al-Cu-Mg alloy and Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy, can best meet the new requirements of aeronautical manufacturing. However, the conventional high-strength aluminum alloy material is designed for deformation processing instead of laser forming, has a large stress cracking tendency and cannot adapt to a 3D printing process, and the existing Al-Si alloy capable of realizing 3D printing cannot bear the role of a bearing part in mechanical properties, so that an aluminum alloy material for additive manufacturing in the field of aviation is urgently needed to meet the requirement of laser forming performance.
At present, the printable aluminum alloy powder material mainly comprises Al-Si series materials such as AlSi10Mg, alSi7Mg, alSi12 and the like, the strength, the tensile strength in a deposition state and the tensile strength in an annealing state are not high, the distance from the forging material is far, and the aluminum alloy powder material cannot meet the requirement of aviation application.
The performance of the commonly used aluminum alloy such as Al-Cu-Mg series and Al-Zn-Mg-Cu series alloy can meet the use requirement of aviation, but the commonly used aluminum alloy cannot adapt to additive manufacturing forming, and for example, the Al-Cu-Mg series and Al-Zn-Mg-Cu series alloy material cannot adapt to additive manufacturing process due to components.
The main reasons are that: the aluminum alloy material has high laser reflectivity, and the components are complex, so that the volatilization of low-melting-point components and the tearing of a substrate in the solidification process of part of the components cause serious cracking and unstable forming of the material after printing, which causes great influence on the preparation of the material. The existing improvement case has high preparation difficulty, and the design of some components violate the design rule of materials and are mutually restricted, thereby not only causing the waste of resources, but also forming the restriction on the applicability of the materials. When a large amount of alloy elements are added into the material, component segregation is easily generated, so that the material has serious anisotropy, uneven structure and serious influence on the application of the material.
Therefore, a material which can meet the new requirements of aviation manufacturing and the requirements of an additive manufacturing process needs to be provided.
Disclosure of Invention
Objects of the invention
The invention aims to provide an aluminum alloy powder material for aviation additive manufacturing, a preparation method and a 3D printing method, wherein the aluminum alloy powder material has high strength and toughness by doping elements with different components, the material characteristics of an aluminum alloy can be compensated, the high reflectivity of the aluminum alloy powder material to laser during laser forming is reduced, and the problem of heat cracking of the aluminum alloy powder material is solved, so that the aluminum alloy powder can be used in the additive manufacturing method in the aviation field.
(II) technical scheme
To solve the above problems, according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided an aluminum alloy powder for aerospace additive manufacturing, the aluminum alloy powder comprising: mg: 4.0-6.0 wt%, sc:0.7 to 0.9wt%, zr:0.3 to 0.5wt%, mn:0.4 to 0.5wt%, si:0.1 to 0.2wt%, cu:0.02 to 0.1wt%, ti:0.05 to 0.15 weight percent, and the balance of Al.
Further, the raw material for preparing the aluminum alloy powder is any one of pure aluminum, pure magnesium, aluminum-magnesium alloy, aluminum-scandium alloy, aluminum-zirconium alloy, aluminum-manganese alloy, aluminum-silicon alloy, aluminum-copper alloy or aluminum-titanium alloy or the combination thereof.
According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided a method of preparing an aluminium alloy powder for aerospace additive manufacturing, comprising: weighing raw materials of aluminum alloy powder with preset content and placing the raw materials into a smelting device; after controlling the vacuum degree of the smelting device to be less than or equal to 300Pa, filling inert gas into the smelting device until the smelting device reaches one atmospheric pressure; melting raw materials in a melting device into a molten liquid at a preset melting temperature, and standing the molten liquid at a preset heat preservation temperature for a preset time to prepare an alloy molten liquid; filling inert gas into the smelting device at a preset speed, so that the alloy melt is atomized and crushed into small liquid drops by inert gas flow to obtain original aluminum alloy powder; after the original aluminum alloy powder is subjected to batch mixing treatment by adopting a mixer, the original aluminum alloy powder is placed in a vacuum drying oven for drying and powder drying treatment; carrying out classification treatment on the original aluminum alloy powder after drying and powder drying treatment by adopting an ultrasonic vibration sieve, and the classification treatment comprises the following steps: screening the original aluminum alloy powder by a first screen and then screening by a second screen; and placing the graded original aluminum alloy powder in a vacuum drying oven for drying and powder drying treatment to obtain the aluminum alloy powder.
Further, the first screen is 500-800 meshes to remove original aluminum alloy powder with small diameter; the second sieve is 200-300 meshes to remove the original aluminum alloy powder with large diameter.
Further, the preset melting temperature is 790-900 ℃, and preferably, the preset melting temperature is 840 ℃; the preset heat preservation temperature is 900-1000 ℃, and preferably, the preset heat preservation temperature is 950 ℃; the preset time is 15-20 min, preferably 18min.
Further, the temperature of drying and baking powder is 55-115 ℃, preferably, the temperature of drying and baking powder is 65 ℃; the vacuum degree of the dried powder is less than or equal to 1000Pa, and preferably, the vacuum degree of the dried powder is 900Pa; the drying time is 6-8 h, and preferably, the drying time of the dried powder is 7h.
Further, when a mixer is adopted for batch mixing treatment, the batch mixing powder loading amount is 100-500 kg/time, the batch mixing speed is 90-150 r/min, and the batch mixing duration is 150-300 min/time; preferably, the amount of powder charged in the batch mixing is 300 kg/time, the batch mixing rate is 100 rpm, and the batch mixing time is 200 minutes/time.
According to another aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides a 3D printing method for additive manufacturing molding, including performing SLM (Selective laser melting) printing on the aluminum alloy powder for aviation additive manufacturing set forth above with an additive manufacturing apparatus to obtain a powder printed article; wherein, the parameters when adopting additive manufacturing equipment to carry out SLM printing are: the preheating temperature of the printer board is 100-190 ℃, the laser power is 260-270W, the scanning speed is 1000-1200 mm/s, the scanning interval is 0.1-0.15 mm, the scanning layer thickness is 0.03-0.06 mm, and the area overlap is 0.15mm.
Further, the method also comprises the following steps: annealing the powder printing part to obtain a powder molded part; the annealing treatment comprises the following steps: heating the powder molding piece to 300-350 ℃ in a vacuum environment, and then preserving heat for 4-6 h; cooling to room temperature in air.
(III) advantageous effects
The technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
the invention makes a very fine study on the content and the characteristics of each element in the material, and obtains a series of complete proportioning methods. Mg and Sc elements are added to obtain a high-strength high-toughness material, and Zr element is added to compensate so as to reduce the high cost of the Sc element; si is added for compensation to reduce the laser reflectivity of the material, mn and Ti are added for compensation to solve the problem of the hot cracking tendency of the material and optimize the welding performance of the material.
The invention analyzes the material characteristics, the material preparation process, the material forming process and the heat treatment process before the material is used in detail to obtain a set of complete material treatment method. The aluminum alloy powder material without obvious segregation can be obtained by the smelting method, and the smelting segregation problem which is difficult to solve by the multi-component alloy is solved. Finally obtaining the aluminum alloy powder material with uniform material texture through the technological process of batch mixing and powder uniformity; the fluidity of the material is successfully controlled and the problems of easy oxidation and the like are solved through a complete supersonic vacuum inert gas atomization technology, so that the prepared aluminum alloy powder material is more suitable for the material increase manufacturing process requirement in the field of aviation, and the problem of unreasonable matching of the current material increase manufacturing equipment, process and material is solved.
Meanwhile, the performance of the aluminum alloy powder material after heat treatment reaches 540MPa of tensile strength, 510MPa of lower yield strength and 15% of elongation. The development of the material solves the problem that the high-strength aluminum alloy material is hot cracked in the laser additive manufacturing process, and also solves the problem that the existing mature aluminum alloy powder product cannot meet the requirement of aviation additive manufacturing performance.
According to the invention, the 3D printing method is adopted to realize the interaction of all elements in the multi-element alloy, the restriction of component solid solubility on the improvement of material performance is greatly improved, and finally, the powder printing part with defect-free flaw detection, defect-free metallographic phase and excellent surface quality is obtained.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a raw material proportioning of an aluminum alloy powder for aviation additive manufacturing provided by the invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method of making an aluminum alloy powder for aerospace additive manufacturing provided by the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a raw material proportioning of an aluminum alloy powder for aviation additive manufacturing according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a raw material ratio of an aluminum alloy powder for aerospace additive manufacturing according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a table of test data for testing aluminum alloy powders for aerospace additive manufacturing provided by the present invention;
fig. 6 is a stress diagram of an aluminum alloy powder for aerospace additive manufacturing provided by the present invention for testing.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings in combination with the embodiments. It should be understood that the description is intended to be exemplary only, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Moreover, in the following description, descriptions of well-known structures and techniques are omitted so as to not unnecessarily obscure the concepts of the present invention.
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a raw material ratio of an aluminum alloy powder for aviation additive manufacturing provided by the present invention, and in an embodiment, in the aluminum alloy powder for aviation additive manufacturing provided by the present invention, the aluminum alloy powder is a batch alloy, and the aluminum alloy powder comprises, in mass percent:
mg: 4.0-6.0 t%, sc:0.7 to 0.9wt%, zr:0.3 to 0.5t%, mn:0.4 to 0.5wt%, si:0.1 to 0.2wt%, cu:0.02 to 0.1wt%, ti:0.05 to 0.15 weight percent; the rest is Al.
Optionally, the element components and contents thereof include:
mg:4.4 to 4.8 weight percent; and (C) Sc: 0.77-0.83 wt%; zr:0.35 to 0.45 weight percent; mn:0.52 to 0.58 weight percent; si:0.12 to 0.18 weight percent; cu: 0.04-0.08 wt%; ti:0.05 to 0.1 weight percent; the rest of the contents are Al.
Optionally, the element components and contents thereof include:
mg:4.5 to 4.8 weight percent; and (C) Sc:0.8 to 0.83 weight percent; zr:0.35 to 0.4 weight percent; mn:0.55 to 0.58wt percent; si: 0.15-0.18 wt%; cu: 0.06-0.08 wt%; ti:0.08 to 0.1 weight percent; and the balance of Al.
Optionally, the aluminum alloy powder is a batch alloy, and the aluminum alloy powder further comprises the following elements in percentage by mass: zn: < 0.1wt%, fe: less than 0.1wt%, as impurity controlling element.
Optionally, the aluminum alloy powder is made of any one or a combination of pure magnesium alloy, pure aluminum alloy, aluminum scandium alloy, aluminum zirconium alloy, aluminum manganese alloy, aluminum-silicon alloy, aluminum-copper alloy and aluminum-titanium alloy.
Specifically, the powder material has technical problems of easy oxidation of the aluminum powder, difficulty in achieving fluidity, poor thermal moldability, and the like in preparation. The easy oxidation of the powder is mainly determined by the self property of the aluminum alloy, and the aluminum alloy material is more active and is easy to form an oxide layer on the surface layer; the fluidity will affect the powder spreading effect during 3D printing and the performance of a printed part; poor thermoformability will affect the overall performance of the print; the high-strength high-toughness aluminum alloy has high reflectivity to laser and high alloying degree, so that the SLM (Selective laser melting) forming process has strong hot cracking tendency.
In order to achieve the purposes of high strength and high toughness, mg and Sc elements are added; and Zr element is added for compensation, so that the high cost of Sc element is reduced. Wherein Sc and Zr form Al 3 The (Sc, zr) alloy phase can refine grains, and when the grains are refined, the dispersed distribution of the grains can also play a role in inhibiting recrystallization along with the heat treatment, so that the strength of the material is secondarily improved.
In order to reduce the laser reflectivity of the material, si element is added for compensation.
In order to solve the hot cracking tendency of the material, mn and Ti elements are added to improve and optimize the welding performance of the material.
Fig. 2 is a flowchart of a method for preparing an aluminum alloy powder for aviation additive manufacturing according to the present invention, and in one embodiment, the present invention provides a method for preparing an aluminum alloy powder for aviation additive manufacturing, wherein the aluminum alloy powder is prepared by a supersonic vacuum inert gas atomization method.
Specifically, the preparation method comprises the following steps:
step S1: weighing raw materials of aluminum alloy powder with preset content and placing the raw materials into a smelting device.
The raw materials for preparing the aluminum alloy powder comprise: any one or combination of pure magnesium, pure aluminum, aluminum magnesium alloy, aluminum scandium alloy, aluminum zirconium alloy, aluminum manganese alloy, aluminum silicon alloy, aluminum copper alloy or aluminum titanium alloy.
Step S2: and after controlling the vacuum degree of the smelting device to be less than or equal to 300Pa, filling inert gas into the smelting device until the smelting device reaches the atmospheric pressure.
Specifically, the vacuum degree of the smelting device is kept within 300Pa, so that the air of the smelting chamber is pumped away, and the smelting device is ensured to be in a vacuum state. And then, when the inert gas is filled into the smelting device, the atmosphere in the smelting device can be purer, the molten liquid is protected, and other components in the air are prevented from reacting with the molten liquid.
Alternatively, the inert gas may be argon or nitrogen, but the invention is not limited thereto, and other inert gases may be used by those skilled in the art.
And step S3: melting the raw materials in the smelting device into a smelting solution at a preset smelting temperature, and standing the smelting solution at a preset heat preservation temperature for a preset time to obtain an alloy solution.
Optionally, the preset melting temperature is 790-900 ℃, the preset heat preservation temperature is 900-1000 ℃, and the preset time is 15-20 min.
The range of the preset melting temperature is determined according to the melting point and the superheat degree of the material, and the material can be fully melted in the temperature range; below which the melting of the material will be incomplete and above which a large loss of some low-melting constituents in the melt will occur, resulting in an unacceptable material composition.
The range of the preset heat preservation temperature can fully diffuse all components in the molten liquid after melting, and ensure the stable and uniform tissue; if the temperature is too low, incomplete diffusion can be caused, and the composition segregation is serious; too high a temperature also results in a severe loss of the low-melting component.
And step S4: and introducing inert gas into the smelting device at a preset speed, so that the alloy smelting liquid is atomized and crushed into small liquid drops by high-speed inert gas flow to obtain the original aluminum alloy powder.
Step S5: and after the raw aluminum alloy powder is subjected to batch mixing treatment by adopting a mixer, the raw aluminum alloy powder is placed in a vacuum drying oven for drying and powder drying treatment.
Optionally, the temperature for drying the powder is 55-115 ℃, the vacuum degree is less than or equal to 1000Pa, and the drying time is 6-8 h.
Optionally, when the batch mixing is performed by using a mixer, the batch mixing powder loading amount is 100-500 kg/time, the batch mixing rate is 100 rpm, and the batch mixing time is 150-300 min/time. The aluminum alloy powder can be uniformly mixed by the parameters, and the surface of the aluminum alloy powder can be shaped, so that the powder is smoother.
Step S6: carrying out classification treatment on the original aluminum alloy powder subjected to drying and powder drying treatment by adopting an ultrasonic vibration sieve, and comprising the following steps of: and (4) screening the original aluminum alloy powder by a first screen and then screening by a second screen.
Optionally, the first screen is a 500-800 mesh screen; the second sieve is 200-300 meshes. The first screen is to remove the original aluminum alloy powder (fine powder) having an excessively small diameter, and the second screen is to remove the original aluminum alloy powder (coarse powder) having an excessively large diameter. Finally, a powder with the fine powder and coarse powder removed and with an intermediate diameter is left.
Step S7: and placing the classified original aluminum alloy powder in a vacuum drying oven for drying and powder drying treatment to obtain the aluminum alloy powder.
Optionally, the temperature for drying the powder is 55-115 ℃, the vacuum degree is less than or equal to 1000Pa, and the drying time is 6-8 h.
In an embodiment, the invention further provides a 3D printing method for additive manufacturing molding, which includes performing SLM printing on aluminum alloy powder for aviation additive manufacturing by using an additive manufacturing apparatus to obtain a powder printed product.
When the SLM printing is carried out by the additive manufacturing equipment, the preheating temperature of a printer plate is 100-190 ℃, the laser power is 260-270W, the scanning speed is 1000-1200 mm/s, the scanning interval is 0.1-0.15 mm, the scanning layer thickness is 0.03-0.06 mm, and the area overlapping is 0.15mm.
And the step of obtaining the powder printing workpiece further comprises the step of sequentially carrying out annealing treatment, linear cutting and surface treatment on the powder printing workpiece to finally obtain the powder molded part.
The heating and cooling speeds in the 3D printing process are very high, so that serious stress concentration exists in the tissues, timely annealing treatment can be carried out to release the stress, and the deformation of the material in the subsequent release process is avoided.
Specifically, during annealing treatment, the powder printing part needs to be heated to 300-350 ℃ in a vacuum environment, then is kept for 4-6 h, and then is cooled to room temperature in the air. And then wire cutting and surface treatment are carried out.
Specifically, the 3D printing method can realize the interaction of all elements in the multi-element alloy, and greatly improves the restriction of the solid solubility of the components on the improvement of the material performance.
The following will be explained in detail by specific examples:
example 1:
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a raw material ratio of an aluminum alloy powder for aviation additive manufacturing according to a first embodiment of the present invention, and referring to fig. 3, the aluminum alloy powder material for aviation additive manufacturing according to the present invention contains the following components by mass:
mg:4.8wt%, sc:0.8wt%, zr:0.35wt%, mn:0.55wt%, si:0.15wt%, cu:0.08wt%, ti:0.1wt%, zn:0.08wt%, fe: less than 0.08wt%; the rest of the contents are Al.
According to the content of the raw materials in the aluminum alloy powder, weighing a pure magnesium alloy, a pure aluminum alloy, an aluminum scandium alloy, an aluminum zirconium alloy, an aluminum manganese alloy, an aluminum silicon alloy, an aluminum copper alloy and an aluminum titanium alloy, and placing the pure magnesium alloy, the pure aluminum alloy, the aluminum scandium alloy, the aluminum zirconium alloy, the aluminum manganese alloy, the aluminum silicon alloy, the aluminum copper alloy and the aluminum titanium alloy into a smelting device.
And vacuumizing the smelting device until the vacuum degree of the smelting device is 280Pa, and then filling nitrogen gas to enable the interior of the smelting device to reach an atmospheric pressure state.
And (3) placing the smelting device at 850 ℃ to smelt the raw materials into a smelting solution, and then placing the smelting solution at 1000 ℃ for heat preservation and standing for 15min to obtain the alloy melt.
And (3) introducing nitrogen into the smelting device at a preset speed, atomizing the prepared alloy smelting liquid by high-speed inert gas flow, and crushing the alloy smelting liquid into small liquid drops to obtain the original powder.
And (3) carrying out batch mixing treatment on the original powder by adopting a mixer, wherein the batch mixing powder loading amount is 150 kg/time, the batch mixing speed is 100 rpm, and the batch mixing time is 300 minutes, so that the uniformly mixed aluminum alloy powder is obtained.
And drying the uniformly mixed aluminum alloy powder, and putting the aluminum alloy powder into a vacuum drying oven, wherein the temperature of the vacuum drying oven is 60 ℃, the vacuum degree is required to be 800Pa, and the drying time is 8 hours.
Classifying the original powder after the drying and powder drying treatment by using an ultrasonic vibration sieve, sieving the powder by using two sieves, and removing fine powder by using a 600-mesh sieve in the first sieve; and selecting a 250-mesh sieve for the second time, removing coarse powder, and finally taking the powder positioned between the two sieves to obtain the powder meeting the additive manufacturing molding requirement.
And placing the graded original aluminum alloy powder into a vacuum drying oven again for drying and powder drying treatment to obtain the aluminum alloy powder, wherein the temperature of the vacuum drying oven is 60 ℃, the vacuum degree is required to be 800Pa, and the drying time is 8h.
SLM printing is carried out on the obtained aluminum alloy powder by using additive manufacturing equipment to obtain a powder printing part, the preheating temperature of a printer plate is 130 ℃, the laser power is 265W, the scanning speed is 1050mm/s, the scanning distance is 0.12mm, the scanning layer thickness is 0.03mm, and the area overlapping is set to be 0.15mm.
And when annealing the powder printing part, heating the powder printing part to 325 ℃ in a vacuum environment, preserving the heat for 4 hours, and then cooling the powder printing part to room temperature in the air.
Finally, wire cutting and surface treatment are carried out, and finally the powder forming part with the performance tensile strength of 540MPa, the lower yield strength of 510MPa and the elongation of 15% is obtained.
Example 2:
fig. 4 is a schematic view of a raw material ratio of an aluminum alloy powder for aviation additive manufacturing according to a second embodiment of the present invention, please refer to fig. 4, the aluminum alloy powder material for aviation additive manufacturing according to the present invention includes the following components by mass:
mg:4.5wt%, sc:0.83wt%, zr:0.38wt%, mn:0.5wt%, si:0.2wt%, cu:0.05wt%, ti:0.15wt%; the rest of the contents are Al.
According to the content of the raw materials in the aluminum alloy powder, pure magnesium alloy, pure aluminum alloy, aluminum scandium alloy, aluminum zirconium alloy, aluminum manganese alloy, aluminum-silicon alloy, aluminum-copper alloy and aluminum-titanium alloy are weighed and placed in a smelting device.
And vacuumizing the smelting device until the vacuum degree of the smelting device is 300Pa, and then filling argon to enable the interior of the smelting device to reach an atmospheric pressure state.
And (3) placing the smelting device at 800 ℃ to smelt the raw materials into smelting liquid, and then placing the smelting liquid at 900 ℃ for heat preservation and standing for 20min to obtain the alloy melt.
Argon is filled into the smelting device at a preset speed, the prepared alloy smelting liquid is atomized by high-speed inert gas flow and is crushed into small liquid drops, and the original powder is obtained.
And (3) carrying out batch mixing treatment on the original powder by adopting a mixer, wherein the batch mixing powder loading amount is 100 kg/time, the batch mixing speed is 100 rpm, and the batch mixing time is 200 minutes, so that the uniformly mixed aluminum alloy powder is obtained.
And drying the uniformly mixed aluminum alloy powder, and putting the aluminum alloy powder into a vacuum drying oven, wherein the temperature of the vacuum drying oven is 70 ℃, the vacuum degree requirement is 200Pa, and the drying time is 8 hours.
Classifying the original powder after the drying and powder drying treatment by using an ultrasonic vibration sieve, sieving the powder by using two sieves, and removing fine powder by using a 800-mesh sieve in the first sieve; and the second step is to select a 200-mesh sieve, remove coarse powder and finally take the powder positioned between the two sieves to obtain the powder meeting the molding requirement of additive manufacturing.
And placing the graded original aluminum alloy powder into a vacuum drying oven again for drying and powder drying treatment to obtain the aluminum alloy powder, wherein the temperature of the vacuum drying oven is 70 ℃, the vacuum degree is required to be 200Pa, and the drying time is 8h.
SLM printing is carried out on the obtained aluminum alloy powder by additive manufacturing equipment to obtain a powder printing part, the preheating temperature of a printer plate is 150 ℃, the laser power is 270W, the scanning speed is 1000mm/s, the scanning distance is 0.14mm, the scanning layer thickness is 0.04mm, and the area overlapping is set to be 0.15mm.
And when annealing the powder printing part, heating the powder printing part to 300 ℃ in a vacuum environment, preserving the heat for 6 hours, and then cooling the powder printing part to room temperature in the air.
Finally, wire cutting and surface treatment are carried out, and finally the powder forming part with the performance tensile strength of 540MPa, the lower yield strength of 510MPa and the elongation of 15% is obtained.
Fig. 5 is a test data table of tests performed on the aluminum alloy powder for aviation additive manufacturing provided by the invention, fig. 6 is a stress schematic diagram of tests performed on the aluminum alloy powder for aviation additive manufacturing provided by the invention, and as can be seen from fig. 5 and 6, the aluminum alloy powder material of the invention achieves a tensile strength of about 540MPa, a lower yield strength of about 520MPa, and an elongation of 15% -16%. The problem of heat checking that high strength aluminum alloy material produced in the laser vibration material disk manufacturing process to and aluminum alloy powder product can't adapt to aviation vibration material disk manufacturing performance requirement is solved.
The invention aims to protect an aluminum alloy powder material for aviation additive manufacturing, a preparation method and a 3D printing method, wherein the aluminum alloy powder material comprises the following element components in percentage by weight: mg: 4.0-6.0 wt%, sc:0.7 to 0.9wt%, zr:0.3 to 0.5wt%, mn:0.4 to 0.5wt%, si:0.1 to 0.2wt%, cu:0.02 to 0.1wt%, ti:0.05 to 0.15 weight percent, and the balance of Al. The high reflectivity of the aluminum alloy powder material to laser during laser forming is reduced by doping elements with different components to compensate the characteristics of the aluminum alloy material, and the problem of heat cracking of the aluminum alloy powder material is solved, so that the aluminum alloy powder can be used in the additive manufacturing method in the field of aviation. The problem of smelting segregation which is difficult to solve by multi-component alloy is solved, all components of powder are more uniform through batch mixing, the additive manufacturing method can be more suitable, and meanwhile, the problem that the existing additive manufacturing equipment, method and material are unreasonable in matching is solved; the aluminum alloy powder product meets the aviation manufacturing requirements.
It is to be understood that the above-described embodiments of the present invention are merely illustrative of or explaining the principles of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Therefore, any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like which are made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention. Further, it is intended that the appended claims cover all such variations and modifications as fall within the scope and boundaries of the appended claims or the equivalents of such scope and boundaries.
Claims (6)
1. An aluminum alloy powder for aerospace additive manufacturing, the aluminum alloy powder comprising:
mg: 4.0-6.0 wt%, sc:0.7 to 0.9wt%, zr:0.3 to 0.5wt%, mn:0.4 to 0.5wt%, si:0.1 to 0.2wt%, cu:0.02 to 0.1wt%, ti:0.05 to 0.15 weight percent, and the balance of Al;
the aluminum alloy powder is prepared by the following method:
weighing the raw materials of the aluminum alloy powder with the content and placing the raw materials into a smelting device;
controlling the vacuum degree of the smelting device to be less than or equal to 300Pa, and then filling inert gas into the smelting device until the smelting device reaches an atmospheric pressure;
melting the raw materials in the melting device into a molten liquid at the melting temperature of 790-900 ℃, and standing the molten liquid at the heat preservation temperature of 900-1000 ℃ for 15-20 min to prepare an alloy molten liquid;
filling the inert gas into the smelting device at a preset speed, so that the alloy melt is atomized and crushed into small liquid drops by the inert gas flow to obtain original aluminum alloy powder;
after batch mixing treatment is carried out on the original aluminum alloy powder by adopting a mixer, the original aluminum alloy powder is placed in a vacuum drying oven for drying and powder drying treatment;
and (3) carrying out classification treatment on the original aluminum alloy powder after drying and powder drying treatment by adopting an ultrasonic vibration sieve, wherein the classification treatment comprises the following steps: screening the original aluminum alloy powder by a first screen and then screening by a second screen;
and placing the original aluminum alloy powder after grading treatment in a vacuum drying oven for drying and powder drying treatment to obtain the aluminum alloy powder.
2. The aluminum alloy powder according to claim 1,
the raw material for preparing the aluminum alloy powder is one of pure aluminum, pure magnesium, aluminum-magnesium alloy, aluminum-scandium alloy, aluminum-zirconium alloy, aluminum-manganese alloy, aluminum-silicon alloy, aluminum-copper alloy and aluminum-titanium alloy.
3. The aluminum alloy powder according to claim 1 or 2,
the first screen is 500-800 meshes to remove the original aluminum alloy powder with small diameter;
the second sieve is 200-300 meshes to remove the large-diameter original aluminum alloy powder.
4. The aluminum alloy powder according to claim 1 or 2,
the temperature of the drying powder is 55-115 ℃;
the vacuum degree of the dried powder is less than or equal to 1000Pa;
the drying time of the drying powder is 6-8 h.
5. The aluminum alloy powder according to claim 1 or 2,
when the mixer is adopted for batch mixing treatment, the batch mixing powder loading amount is 100-500 kg/time, the batch mixing speed is 90-150 r/min, and the batch mixing duration is 150-300 min/time.
6. The 3D printing method for additive manufacturing molding is characterized by comprising the steps of performing SLM printing on the aluminum alloy powder for aviation additive manufacturing in the claim 1 or 2 by using additive manufacturing equipment to obtain a powder printed product;
wherein, the parameters when adopting additive manufacturing equipment to carry out SLM printing are:
the preheating temperature of a printer board is 100-190 ℃, the laser power is 260-270W, the scanning speed is 1000-1200 mm/s, the scanning interval is 0.1-0.15 mm, the scanning layer thickness is 0.03-0.06 mm, and the area overlap is 0.15mm;
annealing the powder printing part to obtain a powder molded part;
the annealing treatment comprises the following steps:
heating the powder molding piece to 300-350 ℃ in a vacuum environment, and then preserving heat for 4-6 h;
cooling to room temperature in air.
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