CN115125420B - High-performance structural member casting aluminum alloy capable of avoiding heat treatment and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-performance structural member casting aluminum alloy capable of avoiding heat treatment and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of alloy materials, and particularly discloses a heat-treatment-free high-performance structural member casting aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof. The aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: si:6.0 to 8.5 percent of Mg:0.05 to 0.40 percent of Cu:0.50 to 0.85 percent of Cr:0.20% -0.60%, er:0.01% -0.10%, mn:0.45% -0.75%, zn:0.1% -3.0%, V:0.04 to 0.14 percent of Ni:0.01 to 0.1 percent, ba is less than or equal to 0.1 percent, Y is less than or equal to 0.1 percent, fe is less than or equal to 0.16 percent, and the balance is Al. The preparation method provided by the invention has excellent mechanical properties under the condition of no solution heat treatment of aluminum alloy, meets the use requirement, and can also avoid the problem that large-sized components are easy to deform in the high-temperature solution treatment process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aluminum alloy materials, in particular to a high-performance structural member casting aluminum alloy free of heat treatment and a preparation method thereof.
Background
At present, the light weight of automobiles is an urgent requirement for the development of new energy automobile industry, and the die casting process of structural components and the manufacturing technology of materials for structural components are key to the light weight development of automobiles, so that the requirement of the automobile industry for integrated die casting technology is also increasing. The integral die casting can greatly reduce the weight of structural parts, reduce the production cost and further improve the safety performance of automobiles. In order to meet the use requirement of mechanical properties, the structural stress piece of the traditional aluminum alloy automobile is often subjected to solution heat treatment and aging heat treatment for strengthening so as to improve the mechanical properties of the structural stress piece.
However, the solution heat treatment stage is relatively high in temperature, at least more than 500 ℃ and generally for more than 2 hours, so that the structural member is extremely easy to deform in a long-time high-temperature heating and quenching process, and the deformation of large parts is particularly serious, such as a battery bracket and an auxiliary frame of an electric vehicle. With the further expansion of the application field of integration, the integrated structural member has larger size and more complex shape, and is not suitable for strengthening by solution heat treatment. In addition, the solution heat treatment also needs to consume a great deal of energy, energy and time, which increases the production cost virtually, so that the research of developing the aluminum alloy material free of the solution heat treatment or the low-temperature solution heat treatment becomes the necessary requirement of industry development and development.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems that the existing large-sized component is easy to deform in the high-temperature solution treatment process, the invention provides a heat-treatment-free high-performance structural member casting aluminum alloy.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the cast aluminum alloy for the high-performance structural member without heat treatment.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the embodiment of the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the heat treatment-free high-performance structural member casting aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: si:6.0 to 8.5 percent of Mg:0.05 to 0.40 percent of Cu:0.50 to 0.85 percent of Cr:0.20% -0.60%, er:0.01% -0.10%, mn:0.45% -0.75%, zn:0.1% -3.0%, V:0.04 to 0.14 percent of Ni:0.01 to 0.1 percent, ba is less than or equal to 0.1 percent, Y is less than or equal to 0.1 percent, fe is less than or equal to 0.16 percent, the total content of other impurity elements is less than or equal to 0.25 percent, and the balance is Al.
Compared with the prior art, the heat treatment-free high-performance structural member casting aluminum alloy provided by the application has the following advantages:
the method ensures that the Cu, mg and Si elements with specific content can generate Al among dendrites in the solidification process of the aluminum liquid 2 Cu、Mg 2 Reinforced phases such as Si, al-Si-Cu-Mg and the like, and the dislocation movement is blocked by the interaction between the reinforced phases and the dislocation, so that the deformation resistance and the mechanical strength of the alloy are obviously improved; in addition, cu, mg and Si elements existing in the alloy matrix are more reserved in the matrix in the rapid cooling process, and the reinforcing elements form a reinforcing phase in the matrix in the post aging heat treatment process, so that the strength of the matrix is improved, and the aluminum alloy material with excellent comprehensive performance is obtained under the condition that additional solution heat treatment is not needed; the invention can improve the casting performance of the aluminum liquid and counteract the adverse effect brought by the faster cooling speed by adding Si element with higher content.
Because Fe element and Al, si and other elements can form a needle-shaped beta-Fe phase together in the solidification process, stress concentration is easy to generate in the stress process, so that the matrix is split, and the performance of the alloy material is reduced; according to the invention, the needle-shaped Fe-containing phase in the alloy can be changed into particles by adding the Mn, cr, V, ni element with a specific content, so that the splitting effect of the alloy is reduced, the alloy can be used for strengthening the movement of the phase-blocked dislocation, and the strength of the alloy is improved under the condition that heat treatment is not required; in addition, if the proportion between Mn, cr, V, ni is arbitrarily changed, the Fe-containing phase size is greatly increased, which is extremely disadvantageous for the performance of the cast aluminum alloy material.
The Er and Y added in the method have the effect of refining grains, the Ba element can convert eutectic silicon into coral or granular from lamellar, stress concentration is reduced, the Y can reduce the size of the eutectic silicon, and the strength and plasticity of the alloy material are obviously improved under the condition of no heat treatment so as to meet the use requirement.
The added Zn element can be enriched on the surfaces of the Al-Si-Cu-Mg phase and the Fe-containing phase in the solidification process, and the growth of the Zn element is restrained, so that the sizes of the Al-Si-Cu-Mg phase and the Fe-containing phase are reduced, the as-cast performance of the aluminum alloy material can be obviously improved, and the solid solubility of the Zn element in the alpha-Al phase is increased in the aging process, so that the Zn element is solid-dissolved in the alpha-Al phase, the solid-solution strengthening effect is realized, and the strength of the aluminum alloy material is further improved.
Further, the invention also provides a preparation method of the cast aluminum alloy for the high-performance structural part without heat treatment, which comprises the following steps:
step one, respectively preprocessing intermediate alloys Al-Si, al-Cu, al-Cr, al-Er, al-Mn, al-Zn, al-V, al-Ni, al-Ba, al-Y and pure Al and pure Mg, and weighing the components according to the raw material ratio as described in claim 1;
step two, completely melting the pretreated intermediate alloy Al-Si, al-Cu, al-Cr, al-Er, al-Mn, al-Zn, al-V, al-Ni, al-Ba, al-Y and pure Al and pure Mg to obtain an aluminum liquid;
step three, argon is introduced into the aluminum liquid at the temperature of 700-720 ℃ to obtain refined aluminum liquid;
step four, when the temperature of the refined aluminum liquid is 650-690 ℃, casting the refined aluminum liquid into a die with the temperature of 130-170 ℃ to obtain a test rod;
and fifthly, carrying out aging heat treatment on the test bar to obtain the cast aluminum alloy of the heat treatment-free high-performance structural member.
Compared with the prior art, the preparation method of the heat-treatment-free high-performance structural member casting aluminum alloy has the following advantages:
in the casting process, the temperature of the die is lower, so that the aluminum liquid cooling speed is higher, and the strengthening phase can be refined, so that the alloy strength is further improved, and the alloy has excellent mechanical properties on the premise of not carrying out solution heat treatment, and meets the use requirement; meanwhile, the preheating temperature of the die is controlled to be 130-170 ℃, the cooling speed can be reduced, and defects such as cracks and the like caused by faster cooling speed can be prevented.
According to the preparation method, the aluminum alloy material has excellent mechanical properties under the condition of no solution heat treatment, meets the use requirements, can avoid the problem that large parts are easy to deform in the high-temperature solution treatment process, and improves the yield.
Optionally, the aging heat treatment conditions are as follows: the temperature is 150-230 ℃ and the time is 1-3 h.
The optimized aging heat treatment condition can enable Cu, mg and Si elements to form a strengthening phase in the matrix, so that the strength of the aluminum alloy matrix is improved; the solid solubility of Zn element in alpha-Al can be increased, and Zn element is dissolved into alpha-Al in a solid way, so that the strength of the aluminum alloy material is increased.
Optionally, the flow rate of the argon is 3-5L/min.
Optionally, the argon gas is introduced for 8-12 min.
Optionally, the vent pipe orifice of the argon gas is positioned at the bottom of the aluminum liquid.
The optimized argon gas introducing condition ensures that the aluminum liquid is in argon gas atmosphere, thereby avoiding generating oxides in the curing process of the aluminum liquid and reducing the mechanical property of the aluminum alloy material; the impurity in the aluminum liquid can be floated upwards through nitrogen, and harmful elements and impurities in the aluminum liquid are separated cleanly.
Optionally, in the second step, at 730-755 ℃, the intermediate alloy Al-Si, al-Cu and pure Al are firstly placed in a melting furnace for smelting, after the intermediate alloy Al-Cr, al-Mn, al-Zn, al-V, al-Ni and pure Mg are added after the intermediate alloy Al-Si, al-Cu and pure Al are completely melted, after the intermediate alloy Al-Cr, al-Mn, al-Zn, al-V, al-Ni and pure Mg are completely melted, standing is carried out for 10-20 min, and the intermediate alloy Al-Er, al-Ba and Al-Y are added at 700-720 ℃, and when all components are completely melted, the aluminum liquid is obtained.
The preferred sequence of addition is such that the elements produce a specific strengthening phase such as Al during smelting 2 Cu、Mg 2 Si, al-Si-Cu-Mg, and the like, and improves the mechanical properties of the aluminum alloy material.
Optionally, the casting period of the casting is 35 s-55 s.
Optionally, the preprocessing includes: and grinding, polishing, cleaning and drying the intermediate alloy, the pure Al, the pure Mg and the pure Zn respectively.
The method removes oxide scales on the surfaces of the intermediate alloy, pure Al, pure Mg and pure Zn through grinding and polishing, and then carries out weighing after cleaning and drying.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a microstructure chart provided in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a partially enlarged microstructure view provided in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a microstructure chart provided in comparative example 1 of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a partially enlarged microstructure view provided in comparative example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1
The embodiment 1 of the invention provides a heat treatment-free high-performance structural member casting aluminum alloy, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: si:7.0%, mg:0.4%, cu:0.70%, cr:0.20%, er:0.08%, mn:0.60%, zn:2.0%, V:0.04%, ni:0.1%, ba:0.06%, Y:0.02% and the balance Al.
The preparation method of the heat-treatment-free high-performance structural member casting aluminum alloy comprises the following steps of:
step one, grinding and polishing intermediate alloys Al-Si, al-Cu, al-Cr, al-Er, al-Mn, al-Zn, al-V, al-Ni, al-Ba, al-Y and pure Al and pure Mg respectively to remove oxide skin on the surface, cleaning and drying the intermediate alloys, and weighing the components according to the raw material ratio;
smelting the intermediate alloys Al-Si, al-Cu and pure Al in a smelting furnace at 740 ℃, adding the intermediate alloys Al-Cr, al-Mn, al-Zn, al-V, al-Ni and pure Mg after the intermediate alloys Al-Si, al-Cu and pure Al are completely smelted, standing for 10min, adding the intermediate alloys Al-Er, al-Ba and Al-Y at 710 ℃, and obtaining an aluminum liquid after all the components are completely smelted;
step three, argon is introduced into the aluminum liquid at 710 ℃ to obtain refined aluminum liquid, wherein the flow rate of the argon is 4L/min, the introduction time is 10min, and a vent pipe orifice of the argon is positioned at the bottom of the aluminum liquid;
step four, when the temperature of the refined aluminum liquid is 670 ℃, casting the refined aluminum liquid into a die with the temperature of 150 ℃ to obtain a test bar, wherein the casting period is 50s;
and fifthly, carrying out aging heat treatment on the test bar at 190 ℃ for 3 hours to obtain the heat-treatment-free high-performance structural member casting aluminum alloy.
Example 2
The embodiment 1 of the invention provides a heat treatment-free high-performance structural member casting aluminum alloy, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: si:8.5%, mg:0.3%, cu:0.5%, cr:0.2%, er:0.01%, mn:0.75%, zn:0.1%, V:0.1%, ni:0.08%, ba:0.1%, Y:0.1%, the balance being Al.
The preparation method of the heat-treatment-free high-performance structural member casting aluminum alloy comprises the following steps of:
step one, grinding and polishing intermediate alloys Al-Si, al-Cu, al-Cr, al-Er, al-Mn, al-Zn, al-V, al-Ni, al-Ba, al-Y and pure Al and pure Mg respectively to remove oxide skin on the surface, cleaning and drying the intermediate alloys, and weighing the components according to the raw material ratio;
smelting the intermediate alloys Al-Si, al-Cu and pure Al in a smelting furnace at 730 ℃, adding the intermediate alloys Al-Cr, al-Mn, al-Zn, al-V, al-Ni and pure Mg after the intermediate alloys Al-Si, al-Cu and pure Al are completely smelted, standing for 15min, adding the intermediate alloys Al-Er, al-Ba and Al-Y at 720 ℃, and obtaining an aluminum liquid after all the components are completely smelted;
step three, introducing argon into the aluminum liquid at 720 ℃ to obtain refined aluminum liquid, wherein the flow rate of the argon is 3L/min, the introducing time is 10min, and a vent pipe orifice of the argon is positioned at the bottom of the aluminum liquid;
step four, when the temperature of the refined aluminum liquid is 650 ℃, casting the refined aluminum liquid into a die with the temperature of 130 ℃ to obtain a test rod, wherein the casting period is 35s;
and fifthly, carrying out aging heat treatment on the test bar at 200 ℃ for 1.5 hours to obtain the heat-treatment-free high-performance structural member casting aluminum alloy.
Example 3
The embodiment 1 of the invention provides a heat treatment-free high-performance structural member casting aluminum alloy, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: si:7.5%, mg:0.2%, cu:0.6%, cr:0.6%, er:0.1%, mn:0.5%, zn:1.0%, V:0.08%, ni:0.01%, ba:0.08%, Y:0.02% and the balance Al.
The preparation method of the heat-treatment-free high-performance structural member casting aluminum alloy comprises the following steps of:
step one, grinding and polishing intermediate alloys Al-Si, al-Cu, al-Cr, al-Er, al-Mn, al-Zn, al-V, al-Ni, al-Ba, al-Y and pure Al and pure Mg respectively to remove oxide skin on the surface, cleaning and drying the intermediate alloys, and weighing the components according to the raw material ratio;
smelting the intermediate alloys Al-Si, al-Cu and pure Al in a smelting furnace at 755 ℃, adding the intermediate alloys Al-Cr, al-Mn, al-Zn, al-V, al-Ni and pure Mg after the intermediate alloys Al-Si, al-Cu and pure Al are completely smelted, standing for 20min, adding the intermediate alloys Al-Er, al-Ba and Al-Y at 700 ℃, and obtaining an aluminum liquid after all the components are completely smelted;
step three, argon is introduced into the aluminum liquid at 700 ℃ to obtain refined aluminum liquid, the flow rate of the argon is 5L/min, the introduction time is 8min, and a vent pipe orifice of the argon is positioned at the bottom of the aluminum liquid;
step four, when the temperature of the refined aluminum liquid is 690 ℃, casting the refined aluminum liquid into a die with the temperature of 170 ℃ to obtain a test bar, wherein the casting period is 55s;
and fifthly, carrying out aging heat treatment on the test bar at 150 ℃ for 3 hours to obtain the heat-treatment-free high-performance structural member casting aluminum alloy.
Example 4
The embodiment 1 of the invention provides a heat treatment-free high-performance structural member casting aluminum alloy, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: si:6.0%, mg:0.05%, cu:0.85%, cr:0.6%, er:0.08%, mn:0.45%, zn:0.1%, V:0.14%, ni:0.08%, ba:0.02%, Y:0.04%, the balance being Al.
The preparation method of the heat-treatment-free high-performance structural member casting aluminum alloy comprises the following steps of:
step one, grinding and polishing intermediate alloys Al-Si, al-Cu, al-Cr, al-Er, al-Mn, al-Zn, al-V, al-Ni, al-Ba, al-Y and pure Al and pure Mg respectively to remove oxide skin on the surface, cleaning and drying the intermediate alloys, and weighing the components according to the raw material ratio;
firstly placing the intermediate alloys Al-Si, al-Cu and pure Al in a smelting furnace for smelting at the temperature of 745 ℃, adding the intermediate alloys Al-Cr, al-Mn, al-Zn, al-V, al-Ni and pure Mg after the intermediate alloys Al-Si, al-Cu and pure Al are completely smelted, standing for 12min, adding the intermediate alloys Al-Er, al-Ba and Al-Y at the temperature of 715 ℃, and obtaining an aluminum liquid after all the components are completely smelted;
step three, argon is introduced into the aluminum liquid at the temperature of 715 ℃ to obtain refined aluminum liquid, the flow rate of the argon is 4.5L/min, the introduction time is 12min, and a ventilation pipe orifice of the argon is positioned at the bottom of the aluminum liquid;
step four, when the temperature of the refined aluminum liquid is 680 ℃, casting the refined aluminum liquid into a die with the temperature of 160 ℃ to obtain a test bar, wherein the casting period is 40s;
and fifthly, carrying out aging heat treatment on the test bar at 230 ℃ for 1h to obtain the heat-treatment-free high-performance structural member casting aluminum alloy.
Example 5
The embodiment 1 of the invention provides a heat treatment-free high-performance structural member casting aluminum alloy, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: si:6.5%, mg:0.1%, cu:0.8%, cr:0.4%, er:0.08%, mn:0.5%, zn:3%, V:0.08%, ni:0.08%, ba:0.04%, Y:0.04%, the balance being Al.
The preparation method of the heat-treatment-free high-performance structural member casting aluminum alloy comprises the following steps of:
step one, grinding and polishing intermediate alloys Al-Si, al-Cu, al-Cr, al-Er, al-Mn, al-Zn, al-V, al-Ni, al-Ba, al-Y and pure Al and pure Mg respectively to remove oxide skin on the surface, cleaning and drying the intermediate alloys, and weighing the components according to the raw material ratio;
smelting the intermediate alloys Al-Si, al-Cu and pure Al in a smelting furnace at 735 ℃, adding the intermediate alloys Al-Cr, al-Mn, al-Zn, al-V, al-Ni and pure Mg after the intermediate alloys Al-Si, al-Cu and pure Al are completely smelted, standing for 16min, adding the intermediate alloys Al-Er, al-Ba and Al-Y at 720 ℃, and obtaining an aluminum liquid after all the components are completely smelted;
step three, introducing argon into the aluminum liquid at 720 ℃ to obtain refined aluminum liquid, wherein the flow rate of the argon is 3.5L/min, the introducing time is 11min, and a ventilation pipe orifice of the argon is positioned at the bottom of the aluminum liquid;
step four, when the temperature of the refined aluminum liquid is 660 ℃, casting the refined aluminum liquid into a die with the temperature of 140 ℃ to obtain a test bar, wherein the casting period is 45s;
and fifthly, carrying out aging heat treatment on the test bar at the temperature of 210 ℃ for 2 hours to obtain the heat-treatment-free high-performance structural member casting aluminum alloy.
In order to better illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, the following is further compared with examples of the present invention.
Comparative example 1
The comparative example provides a cast aluminum alloy capable of avoiding heat treatment of a high-performance structural member, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: si:7.0%, mg:0.4%, cu:0.70%, cr:0.02%, er:0.08%, mn:0.8%, zn:2.0%, V:0.04%, ni:0.1%, ba:0.06%, Y:0.02% and the balance Al.
The preparation process of the heat treatment-free high-performance structural member casting aluminum alloy is as described in the embodiment 1, and is not repeated.
Comparative example 2
The comparative example provides a cast aluminum alloy for a high-performance structural member free of heat treatment, and the raw material composition is the same as that of example 1 and will not be described again.
The preparation method of the heat-treatment-free high-performance structural member casting aluminum alloy comprises the following steps of:
the temperature of the refined aluminum liquid in the fourth step is replaced by 720 ℃, and the rest preparation process steps are consistent with those of the embodiment 1, and are not repeated.
Comparative example 3
The comparative example provides a cast aluminum alloy for a high-performance structural member free of heat treatment, and the raw material composition is the same as that of example 1 and will not be described again.
The preparation method of the heat-treatment-free high-performance structural member casting aluminum alloy comprises the following steps of:
the temperature of the die in the fifth step is replaced by 200 ℃, and the rest preparation process steps are identical to those of the embodiment 1, and are not repeated.
In order to better illustrate the characteristics of the cast aluminum alloy for the heat-treatable high-performance structural member provided in the examples of the present invention, the aluminum alloy materials prepared in example 1 and comparative example 1 are analyzed below.
Test example 1 microstructure
The microstructure of the aluminum alloy material prepared in example 1 is shown in fig. 1, and then a partial enlargement is shown in fig. 2.
The microstructure of the aluminum alloy material prepared in comparative example 1 is shown in fig. 3, and then partially enlarged is shown in fig. 4.
As can be seen from fig. 1 and 3, the aluminum alloy material prepared in example 1 has a smaller secondary dendrite spacing than comparative example 1 and a smaller overall grain size; as can be more clearly seen from fig. 2 and fig. 4, the inter-dendrite grain size of the aluminum alloy material prepared in example 1 is smaller and the distribution is more uniform, so that the increase of the toughness of the alloy can be promoted, while the phase generated in the aluminum alloy material prepared in comparative example 1 has a larger overall size and is mostly needle-shaped, so that the stress concentration of the alloy is generated in the stress process, and the performance of the alloy is greatly reduced.
Test example 2 energy spectrum analysis
The spectral analysis was performed on the positions 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 marked in FIG. 2, and the results are shown in tables 1 to 5 below, and it can be seen from tables 1 to 5 that Al exists between dendrites 2 Cu、Al-Si-Cu-Mg、Mg 2 The Si strengthening phase, and the marks 1 and 3 in fig. 2 also demonstrate that the morphology of the Fe-containing phase can be significantly improved due to the combined action of the alloying elements in the present application.
TABLE 1
TABLE 2
TABLE 3 Table 3
TABLE 4 Table 4
TABLE 5
Test example 3 mechanical Properties
Room temperature tensile mechanical properties of the heat-treatable high-performance structural member cast aluminum alloys prepared in examples 1 to 5 and comparative examples 1 to 3 were tested, and the test results are shown in table 6.
TABLE 6 test results
As can be seen from Table 6, the cast aluminum alloy for the heat-treatment-free high-performance structural member provided by the embodiment of the invention has excellent mechanical properties under the condition of free solution heat treatment, and meets the use requirements.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, or alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A high-performance structural member casting aluminum alloy capable of avoiding heat treatment is characterized in that: comprises the following components in percentage by mass: si:6.0% -8.5%, mg:0.05% -0.40%, cu:0.50% -0.85%, cr:0.20% -0.60%, er:0.01% -0.10%, mn:0.45% -0.75%, zn:0.1% -3.0%, V:0.04% -0.14%, ni:0.01% -0.1%, ba is less than or equal to 0.1%, Y is less than or equal to 0.1%, fe is less than or equal to 0.16%, the total content of other impurity elements is less than or equal to 0.25%, and the balance is Al;
the preparation method of the heat-treatment-free high-performance structural member casting aluminum alloy comprises the following steps of:
step one, respectively preprocessing intermediate alloys Al-Si, al-Cu, al-Cr, al-Er, al-Mn, al-Zn, al-V, al-Ni, al-Ba, al-Y and pure Al and pure Mg, and then weighing all the components according to the proportion of the raw materials;
step two, completely melting the pretreated intermediate alloy Al-Si, al-Cu, al-Cr, al-Er, al-Mn, al-Zn, al-V, al-Ni, al-Ba, al-Y and pure Al and pure Mg to obtain an aluminum liquid;
step three, introducing argon into the aluminum liquid at the temperature of 700-720 ℃ to obtain refined aluminum liquid;
step four, when the temperature of the refined aluminum liquid is 650-690 ℃, casting the refined aluminum liquid into a die with the temperature of 130-170 ℃ to obtain a test bar;
step five, carrying out aging heat treatment on the test bar to obtain a heat-treatment-free high-performance structural member casting aluminum alloy; the aging heat treatment conditions are as follows: the temperature is 150-230 ℃ and the time is 1-3 h.
2. A preparation method of a cast aluminum alloy capable of avoiding heat treatment of a high-performance structural member is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
step one, respectively preprocessing intermediate alloys Al-Si, al-Cu, al-Cr, al-Er, al-Mn, al-Zn, al-V, al-Ni, al-Ba, al-Y and pure Al and pure Mg, and weighing the components according to the raw material ratio as described in claim 1;
step two, completely melting the pretreated intermediate alloy Al-Si, al-Cu, al-Cr, al-Er, al-Mn, al-Zn, al-V, al-Ni, al-Ba, al-Y and pure Al and pure Mg to obtain an aluminum liquid;
step three, introducing argon into the aluminum liquid at the temperature of 700-720 ℃ to obtain refined aluminum liquid;
step four, when the temperature of the refined aluminum liquid is 650-690 ℃, casting the refined aluminum liquid into a die with the temperature of 130-170 ℃ to obtain a test bar;
and fifthly, carrying out aging heat treatment on the test bar to obtain the cast aluminum alloy of the heat treatment-free high-performance structural member. The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the
The heat treatment-free high-performance structural member casting aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: si:6.0% -8.5%, mg:0.05% -0.40%, cu:0.50% -0.85%, cr:0.20% -0.60%, er:0.01% -0.10%, mn:0.45% -0.75%, zn:0.1% -3.0%, V:0.04% -0.14%, ni:0.01% -0.1%, ba is less than or equal to 0.1%, Y is less than or equal to 0.1%, fe is less than or equal to 0.16%, the total content of other impurity elements is less than or equal to 0.25%, and the balance is Al;
the aging heat treatment conditions are as follows: the temperature is 150-230 ℃ and the time is 1-3 h.
3. The method for preparing the cast aluminum alloy for the heat-treatment-free high-performance structural part, as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the flow rate of the argon is 3-5L/min.
4. The method for preparing the cast aluminum alloy for the heat-treatment-free high-performance structural part, as claimed in claim 2, wherein: and the argon gas is introduced for 8-12 min.
5. The method for preparing the cast aluminum alloy for the heat-treatment-free high-performance structural part, as claimed in claim 2, wherein: and a vent pipe orifice of the argon gas is positioned at the bottom of the aluminum liquid.
6. The method for preparing the cast aluminum alloy for the heat-treatment-free high-performance structural part, as claimed in claim 2, wherein: and secondly, at the temperature of 730-755 ℃, firstly placing the intermediate alloys Al-Si, al-Cu and pure Al into a smelting furnace for smelting, adding the intermediate alloys Al-Cr, al-Mn, al-Zn, al-V, al-Ni and pure Mg after the intermediate alloys Al-Si, al-Mn, al-Zn, al-V, al-Ni and pure Mg are completely melted, standing for 10-20 min after the intermediate alloys are completely melted, and adding the intermediate alloys Al-Er, al-Ba and Al-Y at the temperature of 700-720 ℃, wherein an aluminum liquid is obtained after all the components are completely melted.
7. The method for preparing the cast aluminum alloy for the heat-treatment-free high-performance structural part, as claimed in claim 2, wherein: and the casting period of casting is 35 s-55 s.
8. The method for preparing the cast aluminum alloy for the heat-treatment-free high-performance structural part, as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the pretreatment process comprises the following steps: and grinding, polishing, cleaning and drying the intermediate alloy, the pure Al, the pure Mg and the pure Zn respectively.
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