CN113909635A - Device and method for electric arc double-wire additive manufacturing under action of external longitudinal magnetic field - Google Patents
Device and method for electric arc double-wire additive manufacturing under action of external longitudinal magnetic field Download PDFInfo
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- CN113909635A CN113909635A CN202111220962.4A CN202111220962A CN113909635A CN 113909635 A CN113909635 A CN 113909635A CN 202111220962 A CN202111220962 A CN 202111220962A CN 113909635 A CN113909635 A CN 113909635A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/04—Welding for other purposes than joining, e.g. built-up welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K10/00—Welding or cutting by means of a plasma
- B23K10/02—Plasma welding
- B23K10/027—Welding for purposes other than joining, e.g. build-up welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/16—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas
- B23K9/167—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas and of a non-consumable electrode
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/16—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas
- B23K9/173—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas and of a consumable electrode
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
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Abstract
The invention discloses an electric arc double-wire additive manufacturing device under the action of an external longitudinal magnetic field, and relates to the field of additive manufacturing. The invention also discloses a method for manufacturing the electric arc twin-wire additive under the action of the external longitudinal magnetic field, which utilizes the electric arc as a heat source to act on two metal welding wires with different components, adjusts the angle of the metal welding wires and melts the metal welding wires to form the molten pool, and the molten pool obtains sufficient flow under the action of electromagnetic force. The invention can realize flexible regulation and control of the direct current magnetic field and the alternating magnetic field, has the advantages of non-contact, flexible regulation and control, low cost and the like, and can realize the improvement of the alloy structure and performance of the electric arc twin-wire additive manufacturing.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of additive manufacturing, in particular to a device and a method for electric arc double-wire additive manufacturing under the action of an external longitudinal magnetic field.
Background
The additive manufacturing is a manufacturing technology which is based on a digital model, combines software and a numerical control system, piles materials layer by layer and manufactures a three-dimensional solid workpiece. Compared with the traditional metal material processing and forming technology, the additive manufacturing technology can form parts with large sizes and complex structures, has simple working procedures, does not need a mould, greatly shortens the production period and reduces the design and manufacturing cost of formed parts. In addition, compared with the traditional process, the additive manufacturing process has the advantages that the cooling speed is relatively high, the forming tendency of defects such as shrinkage porosity and shrinkage cavity is reduced, a structure with small grain size is formed, and an alloy forming piece with excellent performance is obtained. Additive manufacturing techniques can be classified into laser additive manufacturing, electron beam additive manufacturing, and arc additive manufacturing techniques according to their characteristics. The arc additive manufacturing technology uses an arc as a heat source, for example: plasma Arc Welding (PAW), argon tungsten arc welding (TIG), gas metal arc welding (MIG, MAG, CMT), etc., molten metal welding wires are deposited and deposited layer by layer on a metal substrate according to a set path. Compared with other forming technologies, the method has the advantages of high forming speed, low cost, high production efficiency, high material utilization rate, good density and the like. In the traditional electric arc additive manufacturing technology, a metal component with a corresponding composition is usually prepared by additive manufacturing of a monofilament. In recent years, the electric arc additive manufacturing technology can also use two independent wire feeding mechanisms, and the two welding wires with different components are respectively added into an electric arc molten pool at the same time according to a certain proportion by adjusting the wire feeding speed, so that the alloy different from the given welding wire component is manufactured in an additive mode through layer-by-layer deposition. Therefore, according to the component proportion of the target material, the corresponding alloy welding wire and the wire feeding proportion can be selected, and the formed piece of the target material can be manufactured by arc additive manufacturing.
Due to the fact that additive manufacturing has the characteristic of layer-by-layer deposition, deposited metal has a large temperature gradient in the forming process, and therefore the additive manufacturing formed piece is prone to generating a columnar crystal structure, and mechanical properties of the additive manufacturing formed piece are anisotropic. Moreover, the deposited layer undergoes repeated heating and cooling cycles, which also causes problems of coarsening of structure grains, large residual stress, deformation, cracks and the like, and the performance of the formed part is adversely affected, thus being not beneficial to the production and application thereof. The electric arc double-wire additive manufacturing alloy technology is characterized in that two welding wires with different components are fed into a molten pool, and the two welding wires are mixed and deposited layer by layer under the action of electric arc force to prepare a target alloy forming part. However, due to differences in the properties of the liquid droplets of the two alloy wires, for example: melting point, density, wettability, etc., making it difficult to thoroughly mix the ingredients. It is well known that the composition of an alloy is an important factor affecting the texture properties of a material, and therefore, the uniformity of the composition plays a crucial role in the properties of the alloy. For example, for a TiAl alloy, two peritectic reactions are involved in a small Al content range according to the Ti — Al binary phase diagram, and therefore, the structure of the TiAl alloy is very sensitive to variations in Al content. When the TiAl alloy is prepared by electric arc twin-wire additive manufacturing, under the action of electric arc, the Ti wire and the Al wire are synchronously fed into a molten pool according to a certain wire feeding speed ratio and a certain target component proportion, and a TiAl alloy forming piece is prepared by layer-by-layer deposition. However, the physical properties of Ti and Al are very different (melting point: Ti 1660 ℃ C., Al 660 ℃ C.; density: Ti 4.5 g/cm)3，Al 2.7g/cm3). Even if the welding process parameters are optimized by adjusting the wire feeding angles of the Ti wire and the Al wire, the Ti molten drops and the Al molten drops are not easy to realize the full mixing of the two components in the molten pool only under the action of the electric arc force, thereby having important influence on the structural uniformity of the TiAl alloy formed part prepared by additive manufacturing and further influencing the force of the TiAl alloy formed partChemical properties.
In recent years, researchers apply electromagnetic technology to the field of welding and other material preparation and processing, so that the organization of materials is improved, and the mechanical property of the materials is improved. The external magnetic field technology has the advantages of simple equipment, low cost, high efficiency, low energy consumption and the like. Research shows that in the electromagnetic welding, the external magnetic field can promote the arc to rotate, change the radial distribution of plasma current and current density of the arc column, influence the heating and melting process of the molten pool and the formation of the welding seam, and further promote the flow of the molten pool. Under the action of electromagnetic force, the molten pool is fully stirred, the nonuniformity of chemical components is reduced, and the forming tendency of defects such as air holes is reduced. Meanwhile, the dendritic crystal is broken, and the non-uniform nucleation of the structure is promoted, so that the crystal grains are refined, the transformation of columnar crystal orientation equiaxial crystals is promoted, and the mechanical property of the welding seam is improved.
In summary, the technology of arc twin-wire additive manufacturing alloy faces some critical issues to be solved urgently.
Therefore, those skilled in the art are devoted to develop an apparatus and a method for electric arc twin-wire additive manufacturing under the action of an external longitudinal magnetic field, which can improve the structure and performance of the electric arc twin-wire additive manufacturing alloy and promote the further development thereof.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above defects of the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is the problems of coarse grains, obvious orientation, non-uniform components, etc. existing in the process of electric arc twin-wire additive manufacturing alloy, and the purpose of improving the texture performance of the additive manufacturing alloy part is achieved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides an electric arc double-wire additive manufacturing device under the action of an external longitudinal magnetic field, which is characterized by comprising an electric arc double-wire additive manufacturing rack main body, an electric arc generating device, an electromagnetic coil, a power supply, a wire feeding mechanism and a workbench, wherein the electromagnetic coil is arranged on a welding gun of the electric arc generating device, the electromagnetic field is ensured to act on a molten pool generated by melting metal welding wires by electric arcs, and the metal welding wires comprise a first welding wire and a second welding wire.
Preferably, the arc generating method is any one of plasma arc welding, argon tungsten arc welding, gas metal arc welding, metal inert gas welding and cold metal transfer welding.
Preferably, the first welding wire and the second welding wire are made of any two of titanium wires, aluminum wires, nickel wires and copper wires, and intermetallic compound alloys are prepared.
Preferably, the first welding wire and the second welding wire are respectively an Al-Cu welding wire and an Al-Mg welding wire.
Preferably, the power supply has two current modes of direct current and alternating current, and the electromagnetic coil is controlled to form a direct current magnetic field and a longitudinal alternating magnetic field respectively by adjusting the current modes.
Preferably, the electromagnetic coil is coaxially mounted on a welding torch of the arc generating device.
The invention also provides a method for manufacturing the double-wire additive of the electric arc under the action of the external longitudinal magnetic field, which uses a device for manufacturing the double-wire additive of the electric arc under the action of the external longitudinal magnetic field, utilizes the electric arc as a heat source to act on two metal welding wires with different components, adjusts the angle of the metal welding wires and melts the metal welding wires to form the molten pool, and the molten pool obtains sufficient flow under the action of electromagnetic force.
Preferably, the intensity, frequency and direction of the electromagnetic field are flexibly regulated and controlled, and the flexible conversion of the direct current magnetic field and the alternating current magnetic field can be realized.
Preferably, the type of electromagnetic field is a longitudinal magnetic field.
Preferably, the characteristics of the electromagnetic field are changed by changing the magnitude, polarity and frequency of the power supply current.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, an externally applied longitudinal magnetic field is applied during the arc twin-wire additive manufacturing of the alloy, the arc being rotated about an axis under the influence of electromagnetic force. The radial distribution of the plasma jet and current density of the arc changes and increases the stiffness and stability of the arc. Meanwhile, the flowing molten pool metal generates induced current and is acted by electromagnetic force, so that the stirring of the molten pool is promoted, and the quality of a welding seam is improved. According to the theory of metal solidification, the morphology of the structure and the size of the grains are related to two aspects, namely the nucleation rate and the supercooling degree. Under the action of an electromagnetic field, the molten pool is rapidly stirred, so that dendrites in the molten pool are broken, semi-molten grains are separated from a substrate and enter the molten pool to become a crystallization core, and the nucleation rate is improved. In addition, the rapid flow of the molten pool can promote the homogenization of the molten pool temperature, reduce the temperature gradient, cause the supercooling degree of the components to be increased, and promote the crystallization and nucleation of molten pool metal. Based on the two aspects, under the action of an external electromagnetic field, the crystal grains of the molten pool metal are refined, and the transformation of the solidification structure morphology from columnar crystal to isometric crystal is promoted. Under the action of an electromagnetic field, molten pool metal is fully stirred, so that the two alloy components are fully mixed in the electric arc twin-wire additive manufacturing process, the nonuniformity of chemical components is reduced, the nonuniformity of tissues is obviously improved, and the mechanical property of the alloy part manufactured by additive manufacturing is improved. Meanwhile, the electromagnetic stirring effect on the molten pool reduces the temperature gradient, and further reduces the residual stress of the deposited part.
In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the electromagnetic coil is coaxially mounted on the arc generator torch, and the electromagnetic force is always kept to act on the molten pool generated by the arc during the process of arc additive manufacturing.
In another preferred embodiment of the invention, a constant magnetic field is formed in the molten pool under the action of the longitudinal direct current magnetic field. Within a certain range, the magnetic field intensity is gradually enhanced along with the increase of the magnetic field current, the electromagnetic force applied to the molten pool is gradually increased, and the stirring of the molten pool is more violent. Under the action of electromagnetic force, the high-temperature liquid metal at the front part of the molten pool is pushed to the tail part of the molten pool, so that the flowing of the molten pool is promoted, the dendrite is broken, the nucleation rate of the molten pool metal is increased, and the aims of refining grains and homogenizing components are fulfilled.
In another preferred embodiment of the invention, under the action of an external alternating longitudinal magnetic field, the electric arc rotates in forward and reverse directions periodically, and under the action of electromagnetic force, molten pool metal also rotates correspondingly, so that high-temperature liquid metal at the front part of the molten pool is promoted to be pushed to the tail part of the molten pool periodically, and the characteristics of temperature gradient and the like in the molten pool are changed correspondingly and periodically.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
(1) the equipment device comprises electric arc twin-wire additive manufacturing equipment and an electromagnetic field generating device, wherein the electromagnetic field can realize online real-time non-contact control on the electric arc twin-wire additive manufacturing alloy structure, and the influence rule of the electromagnetic field on the component uniformity, the structure characteristic and the performance of a deposition piece in the electric arc twin-wire additive manufacturing alloy process can be explored through the device system, so that the alloy structure performance is improved, and the development and application of the electric arc twin-wire additive manufacturing technology are promoted.
(2) The electromagnetic coil is arranged on the welding gun of the electric arc generator, the process is simple, the operation is convenient, the molten pool and the formed electromagnetic field can be ensured to be in a relative static state in the additive manufacturing process, and the stability of the electromagnetic field on the action of the molten pool is ensured.
(3) The electromagnetic coil is arranged on the welding gun of the arc generator, and cannot interfere with the selection of a path, the forming of alloy and the like in the additive manufacturing and forming process.
(4) The electromagnetic field can realize the flexible switching of the direct current electromagnetic field and the alternating current electromagnetic field, and can flexibly and conveniently adjust voltage and current, thereby changing the strength, direction, frequency and the like of the magnetic field, and finally realizing the flexible regulation and control of the arc twin-wire additive manufacturing alloy structure.
(5) The device can be suitable for various types of electric arc additive manufacturing equipment, such as plasma electric arc, argon tungsten-arc welding, gas metal arc welding, cold metal transition welding and the like, and achieves the purposes of improving the uniformity of internal components of the additive manufacturing alloy, refining grains and the like.
(6) Under the action of an external magnetic field, various alloy types can be prepared by electric arc twin-wire additive manufacturing, such as: TiAl alloys, NiTi alloys, and the like, but are not limited to the alloys described above.
The conception, the specific structure and the technical effects of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings to fully understand the objects, the features and the effects of the present invention.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for twin-wire additive manufacturing of alloy by electric arc under the action of an external longitudinal magnetic field according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Wherein, 1-an arc generating device; 2-molten dripping; 3-a first welding wire; 4-a second welding wire; 5-a metal substrate; 6-a workbench; 7-additive manufacturing of a deposited alloy component; 8-a molten pool; 9-electric arc; 10-a power supply; 11-electromagnetic coil.
Detailed Description
The technical contents of the preferred embodiments of the present invention will be more clearly and easily understood by referring to the drawings attached to the specification. The present invention may be embodied in many different forms of embodiments and the scope of the invention is not limited to the embodiments set forth herein.
In the drawings, structurally identical elements are represented by like reference numerals, and structurally or functionally similar elements are represented by like reference numerals throughout the several views. The size and thickness of each component shown in the drawings are arbitrarily illustrated, and the present invention is not limited to the size and thickness of each component. The thickness of the components may be exaggerated where appropriate in the figures to improve clarity.
As shown in figure 1, the device for twin-wire additive manufacturing alloy capable of carrying out external electromagnetic field control and electric arc mainly comprises the following parts: the welding device comprises an arc generating device 1, a power supply 10, an electromagnetic coil 11, a first welding wire 3, a second welding wire 4, a metal substrate 5, a workbench 6, a wire feeder and the like. The electromagnetic action device comprises a power supply 10 and an electromagnetic coil 11, wherein the power supply 10 has a direct current mode and an alternating current mode, a direct current magnetic field and a longitudinal alternating magnetic field can be respectively formed, and the electromagnetic coil 11 can generate a corresponding magnetic field by adjusting the current mode. The arc generating device 1 is a plasma arc welding gun, and the electromagnetic coil 11 is arranged on the plasma arc welding gun, so that the electromagnetic force can be ensured to act on the arc all the time to melt a molten pool 8 formed by two dissimilar material welding wires (the first welding wire 3 and the second welding wire 4). The first welding wire 3 and the second welding wire 4 can adopt 2 combinations of metal wires such as titanium wires, aluminum wires, nickel wires and copper wires to prepare intermetallic compound alloys, such as: titanium aluminum, nickel titanium, and the like; or preparing novel aluminum alloy Al-Cu-Mg and the like by adopting commercial Al-Cu welding wires and Al-Mg welding wires. In the process of electric arc double-wire additive manufacturing, the angles of the first welding wire 3 and the second welding wire 4 are adjusted to be melted to form a molten pool 8 under the action of plasma arcs. At the same time, an external magnetic field is applied by electromagnetic action means, and electromagnetic forces are applied to the liquid metal present in the bath 8, so that contactless intervention takes place. Under the action of an electromagnetic field, the flowing molten pool 8 can generate induction current, and in addition, thermal current can also be generated at a solid-liquid interface at the edge of the molten pool 8, so that liquid metal in the molten pool 8 is under the action of the electromagnetic force, the molten pool 8 is promoted to fully flow, the component distribution of the molten pool 8 is more uniform, the end part of the dendrite is crushed, a large number of crystal cores are formed, and the nucleation rate is increased. Meanwhile, the temperature gradient of the molten pool 8 is reduced, the supercooling degree of the components is correspondingly increased, nucleation is promoted, the nucleation rate is increased, and finally grains are refined. In the process, the characteristics of the electromagnetic field can be changed by changing the current, polarity and frequency of the power supply 10 for controlling the electromagnetic field, so that the electromagnetic field is generated to meet the target, and finally, the aim of improving the composition uniformity, the structure and the performance of the deposited alloy is fulfilled.
If the consumable electrode gas shielded welding torch is used as an electric arc heat source, the plasma arc welding torch in the figure 1 is only required to be replaced by a corresponding welding torch, the electromagnetic coil is still assembled on the corresponding welding torch, the corresponding wire feeding mechanism is adjusted according to the requirement, other devices are not required to be changed, and the action principle is not changed. The method for generating the electric arc can be Plasma Arc Welding (PAW), Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG), gas metal arc welding (GMAW, GMIW), cold metal transition welding (CMT) and the like.
In the process of electric arc twin-wire additive manufacturing, the molten pool is fully stirred under the action of electromagnetic force by placing an external magnetic field, so that the purposes of homogenizing components, refining crystal grains, eliminating internal defects of a deposition piece and improving material performance are achieved.
The characteristics of the applied electromagnetic field are as follows: the strength, frequency and direction of the magnetic field can be adjusted, and the property of the magnetic field (direct current magnetic field and alternating current magnetic field) can be changed by adjusting the mode of the power supply.
The foregoing detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the invention has been presented. It should be understood that numerous modifications and variations could be devised by those skilled in the art in light of the present teachings without departing from the inventive concepts. Therefore, the technical solutions available to those skilled in the art through logic analysis, reasoning and limited experiments based on the prior art according to the concept of the present invention should be within the scope of protection defined by the claims.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a device of two silk additive manufacturing of electric arc under plus longitudinal magnetic field effect, its characterized in that, includes electric arc two silk additive manufacturing frame main part, electric arc generating device, solenoid, power, wire feeding mechanism and workstation, wherein, solenoid installs on electric arc generating device's welder, guarantee that the electromagnetic field acts on the electric arc all the time and melts on the produced molten bath of metal welding wire, the metal welding wire includes first welding wire and second welding wire.
2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the arc generating method is any one of plasma arc welding, argon tungsten arc welding, gas metal arc welding, inert gas metal arc welding and cold metal transfer welding.
3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first and second wires are made of an intermetallic alloy using any two of titanium, aluminum, nickel, and copper wires.
4. The apparatus for twin-wire additive manufacturing of an arc under the action of an applied longitudinal magnetic field according to claim 1, wherein the first welding wire and the second welding wire are an Al-Cu welding wire and an Al-Mg welding wire, respectively.
5. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the power supply has two current modes of dc and ac, and the electromagnetic coils are controlled to form a dc magnetic field and a longitudinal alternating magnetic field by adjusting the current modes.
6. The apparatus for twin wire additive manufacturing of an arc under the influence of an externally applied longitudinal magnetic field according to claim 1, wherein the electromagnetic coil is coaxially mounted on a torch of the arc generating apparatus.
7. The method for the electric arc double-wire additive manufacturing under the action of the external longitudinal magnetic field is characterized in that the device for the electric arc double-wire additive manufacturing under the action of the external longitudinal magnetic field as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6 is used, the electric arc is used as a heat source and acts on two metal welding wires with different components, the angle of the metal welding wires is adjusted and is melted to form the molten pool, and the molten pool is fully flowed under the action of electromagnetic force.
8. The method for manufacturing the electric arc twin-wire additive under the action of the external longitudinal magnetic field according to claim 7, wherein the intensity, the frequency and the direction of the electromagnetic field are flexibly regulated and controlled, and the flexible conversion of the direct-current magnetic field and the alternating magnetic field can be realized.
9. The method for arc twin-wire additive manufacturing under the action of an applied longitudinal magnetic field according to claim 7, wherein the type of the electromagnetic field is a longitudinal magnetic field.
10. The method of claim 8, wherein the electromagnetic field is characterized by varying the magnitude, polarity, and frequency of the power current.
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| CN115415646A (en) * | 2022-09-06 | 2022-12-02 | 上海工程技术大学 | Preparation method of medium-entropy/high-entropy alloy cladding layer |
| FR3142109A1 (en) * | 2022-11-23 | 2024-05-24 | Institut De Recherche Technologique Jules Verne | Additive manufacturing of a metal part |
| WO2024110487A1 (en) * | 2022-11-23 | 2024-05-30 | Institut De Recherche Technologique Jules Verne | Additive manufacturing of a metal part |
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