CN115008063A - Scandium-containing aluminum alloy welding wire and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Scandium-containing aluminum alloy welding wire and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115008063A CN115008063A CN202210563293.9A CN202210563293A CN115008063A CN 115008063 A CN115008063 A CN 115008063A CN 202210563293 A CN202210563293 A CN 202210563293A CN 115008063 A CN115008063 A CN 115008063A
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 93
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N scandium atom Chemical compound [Sc] SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000009718 spray deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005491 wire drawing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910018131 Al-Mn Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910018461 Al—Mn Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910018580 Al—Zr Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004227 thermal cracking Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000012300 argon atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910018134 Al-Mg Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018467 Al—Mg Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/28—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 950 degrees C
- B23K35/286—Al as the principal constituent
- B23K35/288—Al as the principal constituent with Sn or Zn
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/40—Making wire or rods for soldering or welding
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Arc Welding In General (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a scandium-containing aluminum alloy welding wire and a preparation method thereof. The welding wire comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 8 to 13 percent of Zn, 2.0 to 4.0 percent of Mg, 0.1 to 1.5 percent of Cu, 0.1 to 0.5 percent of Mn, 0.05 to 0.20 percent of Zr, 0.2 to 0.4 percent of Sc and the balance of Al. The diameter of the welding wire is phi 1.2 mm-2.4 mm. The preparation method comprises the following steps: alloy preparation, smelting, injection molding ingot making, homogenization treatment, extrusion blank making and drawing. The welding wire can solve the problem of poor weldability of the 800MPa grade 7XXX aluminum alloy material, and is suitable for MIG, TIG and other welding processes of the 800MPa grade 7XXX aluminum alloy.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention belongs to the technical field of aluminum alloy welding, relates to an aluminum alloy welding wire, and particularly relates to a Sc-containing aluminum alloy welding wire and a preparation method thereof.
Background art:
the 7XXX aluminum alloy has the advantages of small density, high specific strength, good corrosion resistance and the like, and is widely applied in the field of aerospace. Among them, 800MPa class aluminum alloys have been attracting attention in recent years. In the application of the 7XXX aluminum alloy material as a structural member, the fusion welding process is generally a process scheme which is preferably considered during structural connection due to the characteristics of flexibility, high efficiency, convenience and the like. However, because the alloy content of the 7XXX aluminum alloy is high (especially the Zn content), the welding wires such as Al-Mg series, ER4043, ER 5356 and the like adopted at present can not solve the problems of poor welding seam performance, welding thermal cracking and low strength coefficient of a fusion welding joint of the high-strength aluminum alloy, and the final strength of the welding joint is below 350MPa and is difficult to reach 70 percent of the strength of a base metal. The application range of the 800 MPa-grade aluminum alloy is restricted.
The improvement of the strength performance of the 800MPa grade 7XXX aluminum alloy mainly depends on the improvement of Zn and Mg contents, wherein the Zn content exceeds 10 percent. The performance of the wire material is an important aspect of improving the strength factor of a fusion welded joint, and is generally improved by high alloying and micro alloying. However, the method has the problems that the crystallization range of the material is wide, the specific gravity difference between a precipitated phase and a matrix is large, when the high-alloying material is prepared by adopting the traditional process, the crystal grains are easy to be coarse, obvious macrosegregation exists, and the internal thermal cracking phenomenon is easy to generate.
In order to solve the problems of poor welding seam performance, thermal cracking of the welding seam and the like and improve the thermal stability and the welding seam strength of the welding seam, a welding wire for 800 MPa-grade aluminum alloy needs to be specially developed and the problems existing in the preparation method of the high-alloying welding wire need to be solved.
The invention content is as follows:
the invention aims to provide a welding wire for 800 MPa-grade 7XXX aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof, and solves the problems of weld joint thermal cracking, poor weld joint stability and low weld joint strength in the welding process of the 800 MPa-grade 7XXX aluminum alloy.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
an aluminum alloy welding wire containing scandium comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 8 to 13 percent of Zn, 2.0 to 4.0 percent of Mg, 0.1 to 1.5 percent of Cu, 0.1 to 0.5 percent of Mn, 0.05 to 0.20 percent of Zr, 0.2 to 0.4 percent of Sc and the balance of Al, wherein the total mass percent is 100 percent; the diameter of the welding wire is phi 1.2 mm-2.4 mm.
Further preferably, the Al is 99.90% pure aluminum, the Zn is 99.9% pure zinc, the Cu is 99.9% pure copper, the Mg is 99.9% pure magnesium, the Mn is an Al-Mn master alloy, the Zr is an Al-Zr master alloy, and the Sc is an Al-Sc master alloy.
More preferably, the Al-Mn master alloy is an Al-10Mn master alloy, the Al-Zr master alloy is an Al-5Zr master alloy, and the Al-Sc master alloy is an Al-5Sc master alloy.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts another technical scheme as follows:
a preparation method of a scandium-containing aluminum alloy welding wire comprises the following steps:
(1) alloy preparation: preparing raw materials according to the mass percent of 8-13% of Zn, 2.0-4.0% of Mg, 0.1-1.5% of Cu, 0.1-0.5% of Mn, 0.05-0.20% of Zr, 02-0.4% of Sc and the balance of Al; wherein, Al is 99.90 percent of high-purity aluminum, Zn is 99.9 percent of pure zinc, Cu is 99.9 percent of pure copper, Mg is 99.9 percent of pure magnesium, Mn is Al-10Mn intermediate alloy, Zr is Al-5Zr intermediate alloy, and Sc is Al-5Sc intermediate alloy;
(2) alloy smelting: putting prepared pure Al, pure Cu and pure Zn raw materials into a smelting furnace, electrifying and heating the smelting furnace in an argon protection environment until metal is molten, adding Al-10Mn, Al-5Zr and Al-5Sc intermediate alloy when the temperature of a melt is raised to 720-740 ℃, fully stirring the melt, raising the temperature of the melt to 800-820 ℃, preserving heat for 1-2h, reducing the temperature of the melt to 730-750 ℃, and adding pure Mg; refining the completely molten melt, wherein the temperature of the molten metal is maintained within the range of 700-750 ℃ during refining;
(3) spray forming and ingot making: transferring the alloy melt smelted in the smelting furnace to a leaky ladle through a tundish and a launder in an argon protection environment, and filtering the melt by using a filter plate; the diameter of the formed product is 450-500mm by adopting double-nozzle scanning and spraying, the density is not less than 97 percent, and the solid H content is not more than 0.15cm 3 100g, the average grain size is not more than 60um ingot blank, wherein the technological parameters of spray forming are as follows: the melt flow is 50-110mm 3 The atomization gas is nitrogen, the atomization pressure is 0.6-1.0MPa, and the standard flow of the atomization gas is 0.5-0.7m 3 Min, the scanning frequency is 8-12Hz, the rotating speed of the deposition disc is 80-95rpm, and the spraying height is 650-750 mm;
(4) homogenizing: carrying out homogenization treatment after stripping and head and tail cutting of the injection molded ingot blank, wherein the homogenization treatment system is as follows: (390 ℃. × (5-7) h + (465-;
(5) extruding and blank making: cutting the homogenized ingot blank into sections, and performing secondary extrusion to obtain a bar with the diameter of phi 6-10 mm;
(6) drawing to prepare wires: and (3) performing multi-pass drawing and annealing on the bar with the diameter of phi 6-10 mm on a wire drawing machine to obtain a welding wire with the diameter of phi 1.2-2.4 mm, and cleaning to obtain the scandium-containing aluminum alloy welding wire.
Further preferably, the smelting furnace in the step (2) is a medium frequency induction furnace.
Further preferably, the stirring in step (2) is electromagnetic stirring.
Further preferably, the temperature of the extrusion in the step (5) is 300-.
Further preferably, the multi-pass drawing in the step (6) is 10 to 20 times drawing.
Further preferably, the annealing in the step (6) is annealing after each pass of drawing, the annealing temperature is 380 ℃, and the annealing time is 20 min.
Further preferably, the cleaning treatment in the step (6) is sizing scraping, washing and surface treatment.
The scandium-containing aluminum alloy welding wire is suitable for welding MIG and TIG of 800 MPa-grade 7XXX aluminum alloy plates, forgings and sections.
The invention has the advantages and beneficial effects that:
(1) the welding wire is characterized in that a main material of the welding wire is a 7XXX series aluminum alloy, trace Sc elements are added into the main material, and the addition of Sc is beneficial to refining the grain structure of a welding seam, inhibiting the formation of coarse grains and improving the strength and the welding coefficient of the welding seam.
(2) The high-alloying welding wire material is prepared by adopting the spray forming process under the argon protection environment, the macrosegregation of the material is reduced, the structure is uniform, the crystal grains are fine, the hydrogen content is low, and the improvement of the quality stability and the welding quality of the welding wire material is facilitated.
(3) The welding wire prepared by the method has the crystal grain size of less than 60 mu m, the strength of a welding joint can reach more than 580MPa after 800 MPa-level aluminum alloy is welded, and the strength coefficient of the joint reaches more than 70% of that of a base material. The welding wire can solve the problem of poor weldability of the 800 MPa-grade 7XXX aluminum alloy material, and is suitable for MIG, TIG and other welding processes of 800 MPa-grade 7XXX aluminum alloy plates, forgings and sections.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
in order that those skilled in the art will be able to better understand the technical solutions provided by the present invention, they will be described below with reference to specific embodiments. In the following examples, all the raw materials used are commercially available unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
An aluminum alloy welding wire containing scandium comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 8.5% of Zn, 2.3% of Mg, 0.2% of Cu, 0.15% of Mn, 0.1% of Zr, 0.2% of Sc and the balance of Al.
A preparation method of an aluminum alloy welding wire containing scandium comprises the following specific steps:
(1) alloy preparation: accurately weighing the alloy according to the chemical components and the weight percentage, wherein the raw materials comprise: 99.90 percent of high-purity aluminum Al, 99.9 percent of pure zinc Zn, 99.9 percent of pure copper Cu, 99.9 percent of pure magnesium Mg, Al-10Mn intermediate alloy Mn, Al-5Zr intermediate alloy Zr and Al-5Sc intermediate alloy Sc.
(2) Alloy smelting: and establishing an argon protection environment in the smelting process, and controlling the oxygen content to be below 100 ppm. Putting weighed pure Al, pure Cu and pure Zn raw materials into a medium-frequency induction furnace, electrifying and heating until metal is molten, adding Al-10Mn, Al-5Zr and Al-5Sc intermediate alloy when the temperature of a melt is raised to 725 ℃, fully stirring, raising the temperature of the melt to 820 ℃, preserving heat for 1h, reducing the temperature of the melt to 730 ℃, and adding pure magnesium. Refining the completely molten melt, wherein the temperature of the molten metal is maintained within the range of 700-720 ℃ during refining.
(3) Spray forming and ingot making: transferring the alloy melt smelted in the medium-frequency induction furnace to a leaky ladle through a tundish and a launder, and filtering the melt by using a filter plate. Argon guard ring during melt transferAnd (4) performing the operation in the environment. The adopted spray forming process comprises the following steps: the double-nozzle scanning injection molding mode is adopted, and the melt flow is 110mm 3 The atomization gas is nitrogen, the atomization pressure is 0.8MPa, and the standard flow of the atomization gas is 0.7m 3 Min, scanning frequency 10Hz, rotation speed of the deposition disk 95rpm, spray height 650mm, and spray temperature 710 ℃.
(4) Homogenizing: peeling off the spray-formed ingot blank to phi 480mm, cutting the head and the tail, and then carrying out homogenization treatment, wherein the homogenization system is as follows: 390 ℃ X5 h +470 ℃ X28 h.
(5) Extruding and blank making: and cutting the homogenized cast ingot into sections and carrying out secondary extrusion. First extrusion: the diameter of an extrusion cylinder is 480mm, and the extrusion speed is 1.2m/min, so that a bar with the diameter of 110mm is obtained; and (3) second extrusion: the diameter of the extrusion cylinder is 1450mm, and the extrusion speed is 1.2m/min, so that the bar with the diameter of 10mm is obtained.
(6) Drawing is carried out on a wire drawing machine. Drawing a bar with the diameter of phi 10mm into a welding wire with the diameter of phi 1.5mm on a wire drawing machine after 20 passes of drawing; annealing at 380 deg.C for 20min after each pass of drawing. And carrying out sizing scraping, cleaning and surface treatment to obtain the 800 MPa-grade aluminum alloy welding wire.
The welding wire is used for welding an 800 MPa-grade 7XXX series aluminum alloy plate by a TIG welding technology, and the welding strength can reach 72.3 percent of that of a base metal after the welding by a mechanical property test.
Example 2
An aluminum alloy welding wire containing scandium comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 10% of Zn, 3.0% of Mg, 0.5% of Cu, 0.25% of Mn, 0.20% of Zr, 0.3% of Sc and the balance of Al.
A preparation method of an aluminum alloy welding wire containing scandium comprises the following specific steps:
(1) alloy preparation: accurately weighing the alloy according to the chemical components and the weight percentage, wherein the raw materials comprise: 99.90 percent of high-purity aluminum Al, 99.9 percent of pure zinc Zn, 99.9 percent of pure copper Cu, 99.9 percent of pure magnesium Mg, Al-10Mn intermediate alloy Mn, Al-5Zr intermediate alloy Zr and Al-5Sc intermediate alloy Sc.
(2) Alloy smelting: and establishing an argon protection environment in the smelting process, and controlling the oxygen content to be below 100 ppm. Putting weighed pure Al, pure Cu and pure Zn raw materials into a medium-frequency induction furnace, electrifying and heating until metal is molten, adding Al-10Mn intermediate alloy, Al-5Zr and Al-5Sc intermediate alloy when the temperature of a melt is raised to 730 ℃, fully stirring, raising the temperature of the melt to 815 ℃, preserving heat for 1h, reducing the temperature of the melt to 730 ℃, and adding pure magnesium. Refining the completely molten melt, wherein the temperature of the molten metal is maintained within the range of 740-750 ℃ during refining.
(3) Spray forming and ingot making: transferring the alloy melt smelted in the medium-frequency induction furnace to a leaky ladle through a tundish and a launder, and filtering the melt by using a filter plate. The melt transfer process is carried out in an argon atmosphere. The adopted spray forming process comprises the following steps: the melt flow rate of the double-nozzle scanning jet forming mode is 105mm 3 The atomization gas is nitrogen, the atomization pressure is 0.7MPa, and the standard flow of the atomization gas is 0.6m 3 Min, scanning frequency 8Hz, deposition disc rotation speed 80rpm, spray height 650mm, spray temperature 710 ℃.
(4) Homogenization treatment: peeling off the spray-formed ingot blank to phi 480mm, cutting the head and the tail, and then carrying out homogenization treatment, wherein the homogenization system is as follows: 400 ℃ X6 h +470 ℃ X25 h.
(5) Extruding and blank making: and cutting the homogenized cast ingot into sections and carrying out secondary extrusion. First extrusion: the diameter of an extrusion cylinder is 480mm, and the extrusion speed is 1.2m/min, so that a bar with the diameter of 110mm is obtained; and (3) second extrusion: the diameter of the extrusion cylinder is 1450mm, and the extrusion speed is 1.2m/min, so that the bar with the diameter of 10mm is obtained.
(6) Drawing is carried out on a wire drawing machine. Drawing a bar with the diameter of phi 10mm on a wire drawing machine into a welding wire with the diameter of phi 1.5mm through drawing of 15 passes; annealing at 380 deg.C for 20min after each pass of drawing. And carrying out sizing scraping, cleaning and surface treatment to obtain the 800 MPa-grade aluminum alloy welding wire.
Through testing, the welding wire is welded with a 7XXX series aluminum alloy plate at 800MPa through TIG welding technology, and the welding strength can reach 73.6 percent of that of a base metal through mechanical property testing after welding.
Example 3
An aluminum alloy welding wire containing scandium comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 12.5% of Zn, 3.3% of Mg, 1.2% of Cu, 0.45% of Mn, 0.18% of Zr, 0.39% of Sc and the balance of Al.
A preparation method of an aluminum alloy welding wire containing scandium comprises the following specific steps:
(1) alloy preparation: accurately weighing the alloy according to the chemical components and the weight percentage requirements of the alloy, wherein the raw materials comprise: 99.90 percent of high-purity aluminum Al, 99.9 percent of pure zinc Zn, 99.9 percent of pure copper Cu, 99.9 percent of pure magnesium Mg, Al-10Mn intermediate alloy Mn, Al-5Zr intermediate alloy Zr and Al-5Sc intermediate alloy Sc.
(2) Alloy smelting: and establishing an argon protection environment in the smelting process, and controlling the oxygen content to be below 100 ppm. Putting the prepared pure Al, pure Cu and pure Zn raw materials into a medium-frequency induction furnace, electrifying and heating until the metal is molten, adding Al-10Mn, Al-5Zr and Al-5Sc intermediate alloy when the temperature of the melt is raised to 720-730 ℃, fully stirring, raising the temperature of the melt to 820 ℃, preserving heat for 1h, reducing the temperature of the melt to 730 ℃, and adding pure magnesium. Refining the completely molten melt, wherein the temperature of the molten metal is maintained within the range of 730-740 ℃ during refining.
(3) Spray forming and ingot making: transferring the alloy melt smelted in the medium-frequency induction furnace to a leaky ladle through a tundish and a launder, and filtering the melt by using a filter plate. The melt transfer process is carried out in an argon atmosphere. The adopted spray forming process comprises the following steps: the double-nozzle scanning injection molding mode is adopted, and the melt flow is 110mm 3 The atomization gas is nitrogen, the atomization pressure is 0.8MPa, and the standard flow of the atomization gas is 0.7m 3 Min, scanning frequency 10Hz, deposition disc rotation speed 95rpm, spray height 650mm, spray temperature 710 ℃.
(4) Homogenizing: peeling off the spray-formed ingot blank to phi 480mm, cutting the head and the tail, and then carrying out homogenization treatment, wherein the homogenization system is as follows: 420 ℃ X7 h +470 ℃ X30 h.
(5) Extruding and blank making: and cutting the homogenized cast ingot into sections and carrying out secondary extrusion. First extrusion: the diameter of an extrusion cylinder is 480mm, and the extrusion speed is 1.2m/min, so that a bar with the diameter of 110mm is obtained; and (3) second extrusion: the diameter of the extrusion cylinder is 1450mm, and the extrusion speed is 1.2m/min, thus obtaining the bar with the diameter of 10 mm.
(6) Drawing on a wire drawing machine. Drawing a bar with the diameter of phi 10mm into a welding wire with the diameter of phi 1.5mm on a wire drawing machine through drawing of 28 passes; annealing at 380 deg.C for 20min after each pass of drawing. And carrying out sizing scraping, cleaning and surface treatment to obtain the 800 MPa-grade aluminum alloy welding wire.
Tests show that the welding wire is used for welding an 800 MPa-grade 7XXX series aluminum alloy forging through a TIG welding technology, and the welding strength can reach 72.9% of that of a base metal through a mechanical property test after welding.
Example 4
An aluminum alloy welding wire containing scandium comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 11% of Zn, 3.8% of Mg, 1.4% of Cu, 0.4% of Mn, 0.15% of Zr, 0.28% of Sc and the balance of Al.
A preparation method of an aluminum alloy welding wire containing scandium comprises the following specific steps:
(1) alloy preparation: accurately weighing the alloy according to the chemical components and the weight percentage requirements, wherein the raw materials comprise: 99.90 percent of high-purity aluminum Al, 99.9 percent of pure zinc Zn, 99.9 percent of pure copper Cu, 99.9 percent of pure magnesium Mg, Al-10Mn intermediate alloy Mn, Al-5Zr intermediate alloy Zr and Al-5Sc intermediate alloy Sc.
(2) Alloy smelting: and establishing an argon protection environment in the smelting process, and controlling the oxygen content to be below 100 ppm. Putting the prepared pure Al, pure Cu and pure Zn raw materials into a medium-frequency induction furnace, electrifying and heating until the metal is molten, adding Al-10Mn, Al-5Zr and Al-5Sc intermediate alloy when the temperature of the melt is raised to 720-730 ℃, fully stirring, raising the temperature of the melt to 820 ℃, preserving heat for 1h, reducing the temperature of the melt to 730 ℃, and adding pure magnesium. Refining the completely molten melt, wherein the temperature of the molten metal is maintained within the range of 700-715 ℃ during refining.
(3) Spray forming and ingot making: transferring the alloy melt smelted in the medium-frequency induction furnace to a leaky ladle through a tundish and a launder, and filtering the melt by using a filter plate.The melt transfer process is carried out in an argon atmosphere. The adopted spray forming process comprises the following steps: the double-nozzle scanning injection molding mode is adopted, and the melt flow is 110mm 3 The atomization gas is nitrogen, the atomization pressure is 0.8MPa, and the standard flow of the atomization gas is 0.7m 3 Min, scanning frequency 10Hz, rotation speed of the deposition disk 95rpm, spray height 650mm, and spray temperature 710 ℃.
(4) Homogenizing: peeling off the spray-formed ingot blank to phi 480mm, cutting the head and the tail, and then carrying out homogenization treatment, wherein the homogenization system is as follows: 410 ℃ X5.5 h +470 ℃ X22 h.
(5) Extruding and blank making: and cutting the homogenized cast ingot into sections and carrying out secondary extrusion. First extrusion: the diameter of an extrusion cylinder is 480mm, and the extrusion speed is 1.2m/min, so that a bar with the diameter of 110mm is obtained; and (3) second extrusion: the diameter of the extrusion cylinder is 1450mm, and the extrusion speed is 1.2m/min, so that the bar with the diameter of 10mm is obtained.
(6) Drawing is carried out on a wire drawing machine. Drawing a bar with the diameter of phi 10mm on a wire drawing machine into a welding wire with the diameter of phi 1.5mm through 25-pass drawing; annealing at 380 deg.C for 20min after each pass of drawing. And carrying out sizing scraping, cleaning and surface treatment to obtain the 800 MPa-grade aluminum alloy welding wire.
Through testing, the welding wire is used for welding an 800 MPa-grade 7XXX series aluminum alloy section by an MIG welding technology, and the welding strength can reach 75.2% of that of a base metal through a mechanical property test after welding.
Claims (10)
1. An aluminum alloy welding wire containing scandium, which is characterized in that: comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 8 to 13 percent of Zn, 2.0 to 4.0 percent of Mg, 0.1 to 1.5 percent of Cu, 0.1 to 0.5 percent of Mn, 0.05 to 0.20 percent of Zr, 0.2 to 0.4 percent of Sc and the balance of Al, wherein the total mass percent is 100 percent; the diameter of the welding wire is phi 1.2 mm-2.4 mm.
2. The scandium-containing aluminum alloy welding wire according to claim 1, wherein: the Al is 99.90% of pure aluminum, the Zn is 99.9% of pure zinc, the Cu is 99.9% of pure copper, the Mg is 99.9% of pure magnesium, the Mn is Al-Mn intermediate alloy, the Zr is Al-Zr intermediate alloy, and the Sc is Al-Sc intermediate alloy.
3. The scandium-containing aluminum alloy welding wire according to claim 2, wherein: the Al-Mn intermediate alloy is Al-10Mn intermediate alloy, the Al-Zr intermediate alloy is Al-5Zr intermediate alloy, and the Al-Sc intermediate alloy is Al-5Sc intermediate alloy.
4. A method of producing an aluminum alloy welding wire containing scandium as defined in any one of claims 1 to 3, including the steps of:
(1) alloy preparation: preparing raw materials according to the mass percent of 8-13% of Zn, 2.0-4.0% of Mg, 0.1-1.5% of Cu, 0.1-0.5% of Mn, 0.05-0.20% of Zr, 02-0.4% of Sc and the balance of Al; wherein, Al is 99.90 percent of high-purity aluminum, Zn is 99.9 percent of pure zinc, Cu is 99.9 percent of pure copper, Mg is 99.9 percent of pure magnesium, Mn is Al-10Mn intermediate alloy, Zr is Al-5Zr intermediate alloy, and Sc is Al-5Sc intermediate alloy;
(2) alloy smelting: putting prepared pure Al, pure Cu and pure Zn raw materials into a smelting furnace, electrifying and heating the smelting furnace in an argon protection environment until metal is molten, adding Al-10Mn, Al-5Zr and Al-5Sc intermediate alloy when the temperature of a melt is raised to 720-740 ℃, fully stirring the melt, raising the temperature of the melt to 800-820 ℃, preserving heat for 1-2h, reducing the temperature of the melt to 730-750 ℃, and adding pure Mg; refining the completely molten melt, wherein the temperature of the molten metal is maintained within the range of 700-750 ℃ during refining;
(3) spray forming and ingot making: transferring the alloy melt smelted in the smelting furnace to a leaky ladle through a tundish and a launder in an argon protection environment, and filtering the melt by using a filter plate; the diameter of the formed product is 450-500mm by adopting double-nozzle scanning and spraying, the density is not less than 97 percent, and the solid H content is not more than 0.15cm 3 100g, the average grain size is not more than 60um ingot blank, wherein the technological parameters of spray forming are as follows: the melt flow is 50-110mm 3 The atomization gas is nitrogen, the atomization pressure is 0.6-1.0MPa, and the standard flow of the atomization gas is 0.5-0.7m 3 Min, the scanning frequency is 8-12Hz, the rotating speed of the deposition disc is 80-95rpm, and the spraying height is 650-750 mm;
(4) homogenizing: carrying out homogenization treatment after stripping and head and tail cutting of the injection molded ingot blank, wherein the homogenization treatment system is as follows: (390 ℃. × (5-7) h + (465-;
(5) extruding and blank making: cutting the homogenized ingot blank into sections, and performing secondary extrusion to obtain a bar with the diameter of phi 6-10 mm;
(6) drawing to prepare wires: and (3) performing multi-pass drawing and annealing on the bar with the diameter of phi 6-10 mm on a wire drawing machine to obtain a welding wire with the diameter of phi 1.2-2.4 mm, and cleaning to obtain the scandium-containing aluminum alloy welding wire.
5. The method for preparing the scandium-containing aluminum alloy welding wire according to claim 4, wherein in the step (2), the smelting furnace is a medium-frequency induction furnace.
6. The method for producing a scandium-containing aluminum alloy welding wire according to claim 4, wherein in the step (2), the stirring is performed by electromagnetic stirring.
7. The method for preparing an aluminum alloy welding wire containing scandium as claimed in claim 4, wherein the temperature of the extrusion in the step (5) is 300-480 ℃, the rate of the extrusion is 0.1-0.5m/min, and the extrusion ratio is 10-30.
8. The method for preparing a scandium-containing aluminum alloy welding wire according to claim 4, wherein in the step (6), the multi-pass drawing is 10 to 20 drawing; the annealing is annealing after each pass of drawing, the annealing temperature is 380 ℃, and the annealing time is 20 min.
9. The method of producing a scandium-containing aluminum alloy welding wire according to claim 4, wherein the cleaning process in the step (6) is a sizing scraping process, a cleaning process, or a surface treatment process.
10. The use of the scandium-containing aluminum alloy welding wire according to claim 1, wherein the welding wire is suitable for MIG and TIG welding of 800MPa grade 7XXX aluminum alloy plates, forgings and sections.
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