CN105710557A - Welding wire special for 7XXX series aluminum alloy and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
Welding wire special for 7XXX series aluminum alloy and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN105710557A CN105710557A CN201610214936.3A CN201610214936A CN105710557A CN 105710557 A CN105710557 A CN 105710557A CN 201610214936 A CN201610214936 A CN 201610214936A CN 105710557 A CN105710557 A CN 105710557A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/28—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 950 degrees C
- B23K35/286—Al as the principal constituent
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/40—Making wire or rods for soldering or welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
- B23K2103/10—Aluminium or alloys thereof
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Abstract
The invention discloses a welding wire special for 7XXX series aluminum alloy and a manufacturing method thereof. The special welding wire is composed of, by mass, 2.0%-6.0% of Ni, 0-5.0% of Mg, 0.1%-0.3% of Zr, 0.1%-0.3% of Ti, 0.1%-0.3% of Cr, 0-0.1% of Fe, 0-0.1% of Si, and the balance Al. The manufacturing steps comprise burdening, smelting, sampling analysis, semicontinuous casting, homogenizing heat treatment, extruding, wire drawing, surface treatment, cleaning, drying and packaging. According to the welding wire, the element Ni which can be subjected to the eutectic reaction with the Al is selected, so that the hot tearing tendency of welds is reduced by forming eutectic structures. The welding wire is suitable for all 7XXX series aluminum alloy and is mainly specific to welding of the high-strength 7XXX series aluminum alloy with poor welding performance. By adopting the welding wire for fusion welding of the 7XXX series aluminum alloy, welding cracks can be effectively avoided, and the weldability of the high-strength 7XXX series aluminum alloy is improved. Through proper heat treatment of welding joints, the strength of the welds is not lower than 260 MPa, and elongation is not lower than 3%.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to aluminum alloy processing technology field, be specifically related to a kind of 7XXX line aluminium alloy special welding wire and manufacture method thereof.
Background technology
7XXX line aluminium alloy is mainly Al-Zn-Mg system, Al-Zn-Mg-Cu aluminum alloy, and intensity is higher, is widely used in the fields such as Aeronautics and Astronautics, weapons and transportation.Some is strong 7XXX line aluminium alloy in cupric not, such as 7017,7020 and 7039 etc., and welding point flawless defect during melting welding, the intensity of weld heat-affected zone reduces, but can passing through suitable heat treatment to recover, weld strength is 245～300MPa, and percentage elongation is 2%～10%；Some copper content high-strength 7XXX line aluminium alloy more than 1%, such as 7022,7075 etc., during melting welding, welding point is easily generated fire check or stress corrosion cracking.
7XXX line aluminium alloy generally selects Al-Mg serial alloy welding wire to weld, such as ER5356.In order to improve weld strength and reduce the hot cracking tendency of weld seam, welding wire containing elements such as grain refining element such as Zr, Ti, Sc, Ers is usually taken, as described in patent CN104722945.Through looking into, the existing patent No. is the Chinese patent " a kind of novel aluminum alloy welding wire and application thereof " of CN201310189452.4, the chemical composition of this aluminium alloy welding wire following (quality %): magnesium Mg:5.50-7.0, manganese Mn:0.80-1.0, titanium Ti:0.25-0.35, zinc Zn:0.05-0.20, chromium Cr:0.10-0.20, zirconium Zr:0.25-0.35, ferrum Fe :≤0.2, silicon Si :≤0.2, copper Cu :≤0.05, beryllium Be :≤0.0005, other single impurity elements :≤0.1, other impurity elements add up to :≤0.15, and surplus is aluminum Al.Hydrogen content≤the 0.03ml/100g of this aluminium alloy welding wire.This welding wire applies to the aluminium alloy welding wire that low hydrogen used for rail vehicle is carefully brilliant, aluminum alloy bodywork of rail vehicle more employing 6XXX, 7XXX aluminium alloy, but this welding wire can not be suitable for welding all of 7XXX line aluminium alloy, not good particularly with the copper content high-strength 7XXX line aluminium alloy result of use more than 1%, welding point is easily generated crackle.
In order to improve 7XXX line aluminium alloy weld strength further and solve the problem of Joint Cracking of the copper content 7XXX line aluminium alloy more than 1%, it is necessary to develop a kind of solder wire material being specifically designed to the welding of 7XXX line aluminium alloy.
Summary of the invention
First technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of 7XXX line aluminium alloy special welding wire, adopts this welding wire to be not likely to produce crackle when 7XXX line aluminium alloy is carried out melting welding, and weld seam has higher intensity.
Second technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide the manufacture method of a kind of 7XXX line aluminium alloy special welding wire.
This invention address that the technical scheme that above-mentioned first technical problem adopts is: a kind of 7XXX line aluminium alloy special welding wire, it is characterised in that: the material composition of this special welding wire and mass percentage content (%) be:
As improvement, described special welding wire is to adopt extruding, drawing to form, and is of a size of Φ 1.2～2.4mm.
This invention address that the technical scheme that above-mentioned second technical problem adopts is: the manufacture method of a kind of above-mentioned 7XXX line aluminium alloy special welding wire, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
1) dispensing is carried out according to the composition proportion of welding wire, wherein Al and Mg all adds with form of pure metal, aluminum nickel intermediate alloy, aluminium zirconium hardener, aluminum titanium intermediate alloy, aluminium chromium hardener and high-purity aluminium ingot are melted, after aluminium ingot is completely melt, add pure magnesium, Fe and Si content is by adopting the mode of high pure raw material to be controlled, and in high-purity aluminium ingot, the content of aluminum is at least more than 99.98%；
2) sample analysis, the whole qualified rear employing electromagnetic agitation of aluminum alloy chemical composition adds vacuum purification and processes, and process is skimmed after terminating, to be cast；
3) on crystallizer, coat graphite paint, start semi-continuous casting, make the ingot casting of 7XXX aluminium alloy special welding wire；
4) ingot casting is taken out, qualified ingot casting is carried out homogenization heat treatment, air cooling of coming out of the stove；
5) by the ingot casting section of being sawn into after heat treatment, strip off the skin, put into and extruder is squeezed into the bar that diameter is Φ 9～11mm；
6) enter in drawing machine hot candied, anneal in wire drawing process, the Bar Splitting System Based of Φ 9～11mm after extruding is repeatedly pulled to the silk material of Φ 1.2～2.4mm；
7) the silk material of Φ 1.2～2.4mm is removed through shaving molds oxide skin and the fatigue layer on surface, adopts glomerocryst mould to carry out surface light brightening process, be packaged after cleaning, drying namely obtaining 7XXX line aluminium alloy special welding wire.
As improvement, described step 2) electromagnetic agitation add vacuum purification process technological parameter be: electromagnetic power is 10～20KW, and during electromagnetic agitation, the flowing velocity of aluminum liquid is 1～5m/min, and vacuum is less than 267Pa, and the process time is between 30 ± 5min.
As improvement, described step 3) semicontinuous casting technique parameter be:
Pouring temperature 700～720 DEG C,
Casting speed 50～100mm/min,
Cooling water flow 60～100L/min.
Improve again, described step 4) homogenization heat treatment temperature be 420～480 DEG C, temperature retention time is 24～48 hours.
Finally, described step 5) recipient, extrusion die heating-up temperature 330～380 DEG C, ingot casting preheating temperature is 350～420 DEG C, and the extrusion ratio of extruder is 10～50, and extrusion speed is 0.1～5mm/s.
Compared with prior art, it is an advantage of the current invention that:
The solder wire material that the solder wire material of the present invention is different from the past, conventional solder wire material, containing alloying elements such as Zr, Ti, Sc, Er, improves weld strength by the Grain Refinement Effect of these elements and reduces the hot cracking tendency of weld seam；And the solder wire material of the present invention have chosen on composition and with Al, the element Ni of eutectic reaction can occur, by being formed containing Al3The eutectic structure of Ni reduces the hot cracking tendency of weld seam and improves weld strength.The solder wire material of the present invention can be formed containing Al in the process of melting welding containing substantial amounts of alloying element Ni, Ni3The eutectic structure of Ni.Acting on as follows: first, the formation of eutectic structure improves the casting character of commissure 7XXX line aluminium alloy, and then reduces the hot cracking tendency of weld seam；The second, the Al of commissure3Ni phase is tiny, be evenly distributed, and has higher intensity and hardness, can improve the intensity of welding point；3rd, in the process of melting welding, Ni element does not react with two kinds of elements of Zn, Mg, does not affect the invigoration effect of two kinds of element Welded Joints of Zn, Mg.Therefore this welding wire is applicable to all 7XXX line aluminium alloys, and mainly for the welding of the poor high-strength 7XXX line aluminium alloy of welding performance.
Adopting this welding wire that 7XXX line aluminium alloy is carried out melting welding, can be prevented effectively from the generation of weld crack, improve the weldability of high-strength 7XXX line aluminium alloy, welding point weld strength after appropriate heat treatment is not less than 260MPa, and percentage elongation is not less than 3%.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the microstructure of the aluminium alloy welding wire strand of embodiment 1 preparation, and containing substantial amounts of eutectic structure in the microstructure of this aluminium alloy welding wire, this is Al and Al3The eutectic structure of Ni.In adopting this during welding wire melting welding 7XXX line aluminium alloy, this eutectic structure still exists, and the existence of eutectic structure reduces the hot cracking tendency of weld seam.
Fig. 2 is the microstructure of the aluminium alloy welding wire of embodiment 2 preparation, Al3Ni phase is fine particle shape, Al3Ni has higher hardness, and 7XXX line aluminium alloy weld seam can play the effect of particle strengthening.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail.
Embodiment 1
The chemical composition (mass fraction) of aluminium alloy welding wire: Ni6%, Zr0.1%, Cr0.1%, Ti0.1%, Fe0.1%, Si0.1%, Al all the other.
The preparation method of aluminium alloy welding wire:
(1) aluminum nickel intermediate alloy, aluminium zirconium hardener, aluminum titanium intermediate alloy, aluminium chromium hardener and high-purity aluminium ingot being melted according to proportioning components amount, in high-purity aluminium ingot, the content of aluminum is at least more than 99.98%.
(2) sample analysis, the whole qualified rear employing electromagnetic agitation of aluminum alloy chemical composition adds vacuum purification and processes, and electromagnetic power is 10KW, during electromagnetic agitation, the flowing velocity of aluminum liquid is 1m/min, and vacuum is 200Pa, and the process time is 30min, process is skimmed after terminating, to be cast.
(3) coat graphite paint to crystallizer, start semi-continuous casting, make the ingot casting of 7XXX aluminium alloy special welding wire.Semicontinuous casting technique parameter is as follows:
Pouring temperature 700 DEG C
Casting speed 50mm/min
Cooling water flow 60L/min
(4) being proposed by ingot casting subsequently, the microstructure of ingot casting as it is shown in figure 1, carry out homogenization heat treatment by qualified ingot casting, and homogenization heat treatment temperature is 480 DEG C, and temperature retention time is 24 hours, air cooling of coming out of the stove.
(5) by the ingot casting section of being sawn into after heat treatment, stripping off the skin, put into and be squeezed into the bar that diameter is Φ 9mm in extruder, recipient, extrusion die heating-up temperature 330 DEG C, ingot casting preheating temperature is 400 DEG C, and the extrusion ratio of extruder is 10, and extrusion speed is 5mm/s.
(6) enter in drawing machine hot candied, anneal in wire drawing process, the Bar Splitting System Based of Φ 10mm after extruding is repeatedly pulled to the welding wire of Φ 1.2mm.
(7) the silk material of Φ 1.2mm is removed through shaving molds oxide skin and the fatigue layer on surface, adopts glomerocryst mould to carry out surface light brightening process, after cleaning, drying, namely obtain 7XXX line aluminium alloy special welding wire.
Adopting this welding wire to weld 7075 aluminium alloys, after appropriate heat treatment, weld strength is 280MPa, and elongation after fracture is 5.5%.
Embodiment 2
The chemical composition (mass fraction) of aluminium alloy welding wire: Ni3%, Mg5.0%, Zr0.3%, Cr0.3%, Ti0.3%, Fe0.060%, Si0.022%, Al all the other.
The preparation method of aluminium alloy welding wire:
(1) aluminum nickel intermediate alloy, aluminium zirconium hardener, aluminum titanium intermediate alloy, aluminium chromium hardener and high-purity aluminium ingot being melted according to proportioning components amount, after aluminium ingot is completely melt, add pure magnesium, in high-purity aluminium ingot, the content of aluminum is at least more than 99.98%.
(2) sample analysis, the whole qualified rear employing electromagnetic agitation of aluminum alloy chemical composition adds vacuum purification and processes, and during electromagnetic agitation, electromagnetic power is 20KW, the flowing velocity of aluminum liquid is 5m/min, and vacuum is 267Pa, and the process time is 30min, process is skimmed after terminating, to be cast.
(3) coat graphite paint to crystallizer, start semi-continuous casting, make the ingot casting of 7XXX aluminium alloy special welding wire.Semicontinuous casting technique parameter is as follows:
Pouring temperature 720 DEG C
Casting speed 100mm/min
Cooling water flow 100L/min
(4) being proposed by ingot casting subsequently, qualified ingot casting carries out homogenization heat treatment, homogenization heat treatment temperature is 420 DEG C, and temperature retention time is 48 hours, air cooling of coming out of the stove.
(5) by the ingot casting section of being sawn into after heat treatment, stripping off the skin, put into and be squeezed into the bar that diameter is Φ 11mm in extruder, recipient, extrusion die heating-up temperature 380 DEG C, ingot casting preheating temperature is 380 DEG C, and the extrusion ratio of extruder is 50, and extrusion speed is 0.1mm/s.
(6) entering in drawing machine hot candied, anneal in wire drawing process, the Bar Splitting System Based of Φ 10mm after extruding is repeatedly pulled to the silk material of Φ 2.4mm, the microstructure of this aluminium alloy welding wire is as shown in Figure 2.
(7) the silk material of Φ 2.4mm is removed through shaving molds oxide skin and the fatigue layer on surface, adopts glomerocryst mould to carry out surface light brightening process, after cleaning, drying, namely obtain 7XXX line aluminium alloy special welding wire.
Adopting this welding wire to weld 7075 aluminium alloys, after appropriate heat treatment, weld strength is 320MPa, and elongation after fracture is 3%.
Embodiment 3
The chemical composition (mass fraction) of aluminium alloy welding wire: Ni3%, Mg4%, Zr0.15%, Cr0.15%, Ti0.15%, Fe0.04%, Si0.06%, Al all the other.
The preparation method of aluminium alloy welding wire:
(1) aluminum nickel intermediate alloy, aluminium zirconium hardener, aluminum titanium intermediate alloy, aluminium chromium hardener and high-purity aluminium ingot being melted according to proportioning components amount, after aluminium ingot is completely melt, add pure magnesium, in high-purity aluminium ingot, the content of aluminum is at least more than 99.98%.
(2) sample analysis, the whole qualified rear employing electromagnetic agitation of aluminum alloy chemical composition adds vacuum purification and processes, and during electromagnetic agitation, electromagnetic power is 15KW, the flowing velocity of aluminum liquid is 3m/min, and vacuum is 220Pa, and the process time is 30min, process is skimmed after terminating, to be cast.
(3) coat graphite paint to crystallizer, start semi-continuous casting, make the ingot casting of 7XXX aluminium alloy special welding wire.Semicontinuous casting technique parameter is as follows:
Pouring temperature 710 DEG C
Casting speed 70mm/min
Cooling water flow 80L/min
(4) being proposed by ingot casting subsequently, qualified ingot casting carries out homogenization heat treatment, homogenization heat treatment temperature is 450 DEG C, and temperature retention time is 48 hours, air cooling of coming out of the stove.
(5) by the ingot casting section of being sawn into after heat treatment, stripping off the skin, put into and be squeezed into the bar that diameter is Φ 11mm in extruder, recipient, extrusion die heating-up temperature 350 DEG C, ingot casting preheating temperature is 380 DEG C.The extrusion ratio of extruder is 30, and extrusion speed is 2.5mm/s.
(6) entering in drawing machine hot candied, anneal in wire drawing process, the Bar Splitting System Based of Φ 10mm after extruding is repeatedly pulled to the silk material of Φ 1.6mm, the microstructure of this aluminium alloy welding wire is as shown in Figure 2.
(7) the silk material of Φ 1.6mm is removed through shaving molds oxide skin and the fatigue layer on surface, adopts glomerocryst mould to carry out surface light brightening process, after cleaning, drying, namely obtain 7XXX line aluminium alloy special welding wire.
Adopting this welding wire to weld 7075 aluminium alloys, after appropriate heat treatment, weld strength is 330MPa, and elongation after fracture is 5%.
Claims (7)
1. a 7XXX line aluminium alloy special welding wire, it is characterised in that: the material composition of this special welding wire and mass percentage content (%) be:
2. 7XXX line aluminium alloy special welding wire according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described special welding wire is to adopt extruding, drawing to form, and is of a size of Φ 1.2～2.4mm.
3. the manufacture method of a 7XXX line aluminium alloy special welding wire according to claim 1, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
1) dispensing is carried out according to the composition proportion of welding wire, wherein Al and Mg all adds with form of pure metal, aluminum nickel intermediate alloy, aluminium zirconium hardener, aluminum titanium intermediate alloy, aluminium chromium hardener and high-purity aluminium ingot are melted, after aluminium ingot is completely melt, add pure magnesium, the content of Si and Fe by adopt high-purity raw material strictly control, wherein in high-purity aluminium ingot the content of aluminum at least more than 99.98%.
2) sample analysis, the whole qualified rear employing electromagnetic agitation of aluminum alloy chemical composition adds vacuum purification and processes, and process is skimmed after terminating, to be cast；
3) on crystallizer, coat graphite paint, start semi-continuous casting, make the ingot casting of 7XXX aluminium alloy special welding wire；
4) ingot casting is taken out, qualified ingot casting is carried out homogenization heat treatment, air cooling of coming out of the stove；
5) by the ingot casting section of being sawn into after heat treatment, strip off the skin, put into and extruder is squeezed into the bar that diameter is Φ 9～11mm；
6) enter in drawing machine hot candied, anneal in wire drawing process, the Bar Splitting System Based of Φ 9～11mm after extruding is repeatedly pulled to the silk material of Φ 1.2～2.4mm；
7) the silk material of Φ 1.2～2.4mm is removed through shaving molds oxide skin and the fatigue layer on surface, adopts glomerocryst mould to carry out surface light brightening process, be packaged after cleaning, drying namely obtaining 7XXX line aluminium alloy special welding wire.
4. manufacture method according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: described step 2) electromagnetic agitation add vacuum purification process technological parameter be: electromagnetic power is 10KW～20KW, during electromagnetic agitation, the flowing velocity of aluminum liquid is 1～5m/min, vacuum is less than 267Pa, and the process time is between 30 ± 5min.
5. manufacture method according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: described step 3) semicontinuous casting technique parameter be:
Pouring temperature 700～720 DEG C,
Casting speed 50～100mm/min,
Cooling water flow 60～100L/min.
6. manufacture method according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: described step 4) homogenization heat treatment temperature be 420～480 DEG C, temperature retention time is 24～48 hours.
7. manufacture method according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: described step 5) the recipient of extruder, extrusion die heating-up temperature 330～380 DEG C, ingot casting preheating temperature is 350～420 DEG C, and the extrusion ratio of extruder is 10～50, extrusion speed is 0.1～5mm/s.
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| CN106825871A (en) * | 2017-02-24 | 2017-06-13 | 玉林博飞商贸有限公司 | A kind of welding procedure of aluminium alloy |
| CN108320860A (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2018-07-24 | 无锡友方电工股份有限公司 | A kind of high-purity aluminum conductor preparation method of electromagnet structure high-yield strength |
| CN109967915A (en) * | 2019-04-19 | 2019-07-05 | 中国兵器科学研究院宁波分院 | A kind of Mo-bearing granitoid welding wire for high-performance aluminium alloy |
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| CN108320860A (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2018-07-24 | 无锡友方电工股份有限公司 | A kind of high-purity aluminum conductor preparation method of electromagnet structure high-yield strength |
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