CN105671384A - Aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105671384A
CN105671384A CN201610008787.5A CN201610008787A CN105671384A CN 105671384 A CN105671384 A CN 105671384A CN 201610008787 A CN201610008787 A CN 201610008787A CN 105671384 A CN105671384 A CN 105671384A
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aluminium alloy
alloy
homogenization
raw
aluminum alloy
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CN201610008787.5A
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CN105671384B (en
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严绪东
许杰
刘浩
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瑞声光电科技(常州)有限公司
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/10—Alloys based on aluminium with zinc as the next major constituent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making alloys
    • C22C1/02—Making alloys by melting
    • C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
    • C22F1/053—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with zinc as the next major constituent

Abstract

The invention discloses aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof. The aluminum alloy comprises, by weight, 4.0%-11.0% of Zn, 2.0%-3.0% of Mg, 0-0.3% of Si, 0-0.4% of Ti, 0-0.2% of Cu, 0-0.01% of Zr, 0-0.01% of Cr, 0-0.01% of Mn, less than 0.1% of Fe and the balance Al and accessory impurities. The weight ratio of Zn to Mg is 2-6. According to the aluminum alloy, the surface appearance defects such as fibrous structure stripes and surface yellowing in the anodic oxidation treatment process of commercial 7xxx-series (such as 7075, 7050 and 7055) high-strength aluminum alloy are overcome, high strength and good anodic oxidation treatment surface appearance of the aluminum alloy are integrated, the strength of the aluminum alloy for existing electronic equipment body shells is further improved, and the requirement of electronic equipment lighting and thinning development for aluminum alloy materials for the equipment body shells is effectively met; meanwhile, the application field of the 7xxx-series high-strength aluminum alloy also can be expanded.

Description

Aluminium alloy and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to aluminum alloy materials field, particularly relate to a kind of aluminium alloy and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
At present, electronic equipment (such as mobile phone, panel computer, notebook computer, accutron, electronic player, electronic reader, electronic displays etc.) presents lightening development trend, the performance of the fuselage cover material of electronic equipment is had higher requirement by this, its fuselage cover material not only wants intensity high, also to have good appearance simultaneously. It is known that aluminium alloy has specific strength height, good processability, low cost and other advantages, and aluminium alloy is processed by anodized surface, it is possible to obtain good appearance. Compared to plastics conventional in electronic equipment fuselage sheathing material and rustless steel, anodized aluminum alloy material has bright color, specific strength is high, frivolous, corrosion resistance is strong, wear-resisting, not easily scratch, the advantage such as metal-like is outstanding, resistant, anti-fingerprint, there is significant advantage. Therefore, commercial aluminum alloys (such as commercial 6063 alloys) becomes the fuselage cover material of new generation of electronic equipment. But, the intensity of commercial 6063 alloys is relatively low (yield strength is about 210Mpa), is easily generated the deformation such as bending, depression as electronic equipment fuselage sheathing material. In current all types of commercial aluminum alloys, the high-strength aluminum alloys such as 7075,7050,7055 in 7xxx system (Al-Zn-Mg-Cu system) aluminium alloy have the highest intensity, it is widely used in aerospace field, traffic and transport field, is extremely important light-weight high-strength material in this field.
But, there is the phenomenons such as bacillar structure striped, surface jaundice, black line, stain in commercial 7xxx series high-strength aluminum alloy (such as 7075,7050,7055 etc.), affect appearance in anodized process. Therefore, directly using fuselage cover material as electronic equipment after commercial 7xxx line aluminium alloy anodic oxidation, its appearance does not reach requirement.
Therefore, be necessary to conduct a research further work, the commercial composition of 7xxx line aluminium alloy, phase composition, microstructure and preparation technology are improved optimization, 7xxx line aluminium alloy is made to integrate high intensity and good anodized appearance, to meet the performance requirement of electronic equipment fuselage sheathing material.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is by carrying out innovating improvement to the composition of commercial 7xxx system (Al-Zn-Mg-Cu system) high strength alumin ium alloy (such as 7075,7050,7055 etc.), phase composition, organizational structure, preparation technology, improve the defect problems such as its bacillar structure striped existed in anodized process, surface jaundice, black line, develop one and there is high intensity, and there is the good aluminium alloy of anodized appearance and preparation method thereof simultaneously.
Aluminium alloy provided by the invention, the component of this aluminium alloy and percetage by weight be: Zn=4.0～11.0%, Mg=2.0～3.0%, Si=0～0.3%, Ti=0～0.04%, Cu=0～0.2%, Zr=0～0.01%, Cr=0～0.01%, Mn=0～0.01%, Fe < 0.1%, surplus is Al and subsidiary impurity, and wherein Zn, Mg weight ratio is: Zn/Mg=2～6.
Above-mentioned aluminium alloy, the component of this aluminium alloy and percetage by weight be: Zn=5.5～8.6%, Mg=2.0～2.6%, Si=0～0.2%, Ti=0～0.03%, Cu=0～0.15%, Zr=0～0.01%, Cr=0～0.01%, Mn=0～0.01%, Fe < 0.08%, surplus is Al and subsidiary impurity, and wherein Zn, Mg weight ratio is: Zn/Mg=2～6.
Above-mentioned aluminium alloy, in described impurity, single impurity content is less than 0.01%.
Above-mentioned aluminium alloy, the tensile strength of described aluminium alloy is more than 420Mpa.
Above-mentioned aluminium alloy, the hardness of described aluminium alloy is more than 140HV.
The preparation method that the present invention also provides for a kind of above-mentioned aluminium alloy, including:
Weigh raw material, carry out dispensing according to the percetage by weight of each component;
After melting, semi-continuous casting method is adopted to pour into a mould acquisition ingot casting at 710～730 DEG C at 740～760 DEG C described raw material;
Described ingot casting carries out two-step homogenization process, and the temperature of first order homogenization is 420 DEG C～440 DEG C, and the time is 12～24h; The temperature of second level homogenization is 460 DEG C～475 DEG C homogenization times is 24～36h;
Ingot casting through Homogenization Treatments is carried out peeling, cuts saw and obtain blank, then blank is carried out thermal deformation processed and obtain alloy product;
Described alloy product is carried out solution treatment, is then quickly quenching into room temperature; Solid solubility temperature is 460～480 DEG C, and the time is 1～4h;
Goods after solution treatment are carried out aging strengthening model, to obtain above-mentioned alloy product.
Above-mentioned aluminium alloy preparation method, described raw material includes the aluminium ingot of purity >=99.99%, the zinc of purity >=99.99%, the magnesium of purity >=99.99% and grain refiner Al-Ti-B.
Above-mentioned aluminium alloy preparation method, described aging thermal treating process is any one in T6 single-stage aging, T73 two-stage time effect and T77 multistage aging.
Above-mentioned aluminium alloy preparation method, described thermal deformation processed adopts extrusion process, and extrusion temperature is 410～440 DEG C, and insulation duration is 2～4h.
The beneficial effects of the present invention is: solve commercial 7xxx system (such as 7075,7050,7055 etc.) high strength alumin ium alloy in anodized process, there is the surface appearance defects problem such as bacillar structure striped, surface jaundice, enable aluminum alloy to integrate high intensity and good anodized appearance, further increase the intensity of existing electronic equipment fuselage shell aluminium alloy, effectively meet the electronic equipment lightening development performance requirement to fuselage cover aluminum alloy materials, also can expand the application of 7xxx series high-strength aluminum alloy simultaneously.The general characteristic of aluminium alloy provided by the invention is: tensile strength > 420Mpa; Hardness > 140HV; There is uniformly tiny recrystallization equi-axed crystal; Good appearance can be obtained by anodized.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the metallographic structure shape appearance figure of commercial 7050 aluminium alloys;
Fig. 2 is the metallographic structure shape appearance figure of aluminium alloy provided by the invention.
Detailed description of the invention
Below the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is clearly and completely described, it is clear that described embodiment is only a part of embodiment of the present invention, rather than whole embodiments. Based on the embodiment in the present invention, all other embodiments that those of ordinary skill in the art obtain under not making creative work premise, broadly fall into the scope of protection of the invention.
The component of aluminium alloy provided by the invention and percetage by weight be: Zn=4.0～11.0%, Mg=2.0～3.0%, Si=0～0.3%, Ti=0～0.04%, Cu=0～0.2%, Zr=0～0.01%, Cr=0～0.01%, Mn=0～0.01%, Fe < 0.1%, surplus is Al and subsidiary impurity, and wherein Zn, Mg weight ratio is: Zn/Mg=2～6.
Preferably, the component of described aluminium alloy and percetage by weight be: Zn=5.5～8.6%, Mg=2.0～2.6%, Si=0～0.2%, Ti=0～0.03%, Cu=0～0.15%, Zr=0～0.01%, Cr=0～0.01%, Mn=0～0.01%, Fe < 0.08%, surplus is Al and subsidiary impurity, and wherein Zn, Mg weight ratio is: Zn/Mg=2～6.
Wherein, Zn, Mg element is main intensified element, forms tiny η ' (MgZn after solid-solution and aging heat treatment in the alloy2) phase, it is possible to put forward heavy alloyed intensity.
Cu element in conventional commercial 7xxx system (Al-Zn-Mg-Cu system) high strength alumin ium alloy (such as 7075, 7050, 7055 etc.) weight percent content is about 2%, invigoration effect can be played and improve the effect of corrosion resistance, but Cu constituent content height makes alloy turn to be yellow in anodized rear surface, affect appearance, thus, the strict addition controlling Cu element in aluminium alloy of the present invention, without Cu or 0～0.2% scope that the content of Cu is strict controlled in improve the surface property of alloy of the present invention, make the corrosion resistance that alloy maintenance is higher simultaneously.
Si element is ubiquitous element in commercial 7xxx system (Al-Zn-Mg-Cu system) aluminium alloy, but is added with a certain amount of Si element in some alloys of the present invention and forms Mg2Si phase is with reinforced alloys, and the addition of Si element is in 0～0.3% scope.
Zr element is trace element important in commercial 7xxx line aluminium alloy, forms Al in conventional commercial 7xxx line aluminium alloy3Zr particle, suppress alloy in the recrystallization of hot-working Yu solution treatment process, form subgrain and bacillar structure architectural feature, conventional commercial 7xxx line aluminium alloy is improved anti-stress corrosion performance by this characteristics of organizational structure important effect, but this can make alloy surface form bacillar structure striped in anode oxidation process, affect appearance, and the requirement of the grain structure structure of alloy is completely different with conventional commercial 7xxx system alloy in alloy of the present invention, need to be formed the uniformly tiny equi-axed crystal of perfect recrystallization, to ensure that alloy is obtained in that the anodized surface outward appearance without bacillar structure striped, thus the strict addition controlling Zr element in aluminium alloy of the present invention, content without Zr or Zr is strict controlled in 0～0.01% scope, alloy is made to obtain isometry recrystal grain tissue signature.
Ti element adds in 7xxx system (Al-Zn-Mg-Cu system) aluminium alloy as grain refiner, play the effect of refining alloy crystal grain, adopting Al-Ti series grain refiner general in aluminium alloy industry in alloy of the present invention, the content of Ti element controls in 0～0.04% scope.
Fe element is ubiquitous trace element in commercial 7xxx line aluminium alloy, alloy is formed larger-size containing Fe second phase particles, extrusion process used for forming is easily broken into wire distribution along the direction of extrusion, alloy is made to be easily formed the defect such as stain, black line in anode oxidation process, thus in aluminium alloy of the present invention, Fe constituent content is strictly controlled, Fe constituent content < 0.1%.
Cr and Mn element is ubiquitous trace element in commercial 7xxx system (Al-Zn-Mg-Cu system) aluminium alloy, in order to make alloy meet anodised surface property requirement, the addition of Cr, Mn element is strictly controlled by alloy of the present invention, is strict controlled in 0～0.01% scope respectively without Cr and Mn element or by Cr and Mn constituent content.
Preferably, the impurity that described aluminium alloy is subsidiary, single impurity content is less than 0.01%. Subsidiary impurity is the element outside span of control, and they inevitably enter from raw metal, salvage material.
Meanwhile, the preparation method that the present invention also provides for a kind of aluminium alloy, comprising:
Step S1: weigh raw material, carries out dispensing according to the percetage by weight of each component;
Wherein said raw material includes the aluminium ingot of purity >=99.99%, the zinc of purity >=99.99%, the magnesium of purity >=99.99% and grain refiner Al-Ti-B.
Step S2: after described raw material melting, adopts semi-continuous casting method to obtain ingot casting;
The temperature of wherein said raw material melting controls at 740～760 DEG C. In described raw material fusion process, it is necessary to melt sampling being carried out chemical composition analysis, so as to determine and reach required composition range requirement, if there being deviation, being adjusted correspondingly; After described raw material becomes melt, it is also possible to add refining agent and carry out refine, to eliminate gas in melt and foreign material, make cleaning molten, stand a period of time after skimming, then adopt semi-continuous casting method to prepare ingot casting. In preparing ingot casting process, it is necessary to the online grain refiner Al-Ti-B that adds pours into a mould, and pouring temperature controls at 710～730 DEG C.
Step S3: described ingot casting is carried out two-step homogenization process;
The temperature of first order homogenization is 420 DEG C～440 DEG C, and the time is 12～24h; The temperature of second level homogenization is 460 DEG C～475 DEG C homogenization times is 24～36h;
Step S4: the ingot casting through Homogenization Treatments is carried out peeling, cuts saw and obtain blank;
Step S5: by described blank after overheating deforming processed, solution heat treatment, Quenching Treatment, aging thermal treating process, prepares aluminium alloy finished product. Concrete, in the present embodiment, thermal deformation processed adopts extrusion process, in all the other embodiments, it is possible to adopt the processing technique such as rolling. First by described blank at 410～440 DEG C of scope inside holding 2-4h, on 1000 tons of extruders, described blank is squeezed into tabular section bar subsequently, extrusion ratio is 27.7, in order to obtain, surface quality is good and the extruding tabular section bar of even tissue, extrusion die is optimized, and strictly controls extrusion speed and extrusion temperature. After the extrudate scale sawing obtained, carry out solution heat treatment, adopt the mode of continuous warming at a slow speed, be incubated 1～3h at 460～480 DEG C, then carry out Quenching Treatment, then carry out aging strengthening model.Difference according to alloying component, aging thermal treating process is difference to some extent, and wherein said aging thermal treating process is any one in T6 single-stage aging, T73 two-stage time effect and T77 multistage aging.
Embodiment 1
With preparation containing Zn=4.42%, Mg=2.08%, Ti=0.027%, Cu=0.01%, Zr=0.01%, Cr=0.01%, Mn=0.01%, Si=0.04%, Fe=0.08%, surplus is Al and subsidiary impurity, and wherein Zn, Mg weight ratio is: the aluminium alloy of Zn/Mg=2.13 is example.
First carry out dispensing according to constituent content, then raw material aluminium ingot, zinc, magnesium are joined in crucible after oil removing, degasification and oxide on surface are mingled with; Crucible is warming up to 740 DEG C, after the raw material in crucible all melts, sampling carries out chemical composition analysis, so as to determine and reach required composition range requirement, if there being deviation, it is adjusted correspondingly, it is simultaneously introduced refining agent and carries out refine, to eliminate gas in melt and foreign material, make cleaning molten, a period of time is stood after skimming, the online grain refiner Al-Ti-B that adds pours into a mould, and pouring temperature controls, at 710 DEG C, to prepare into cylindrical ingot; Cylindrical ingot is carried out under 420 DEG C/12h+460 DEG C/24h two-step homogenization, subsequently air cooling in atmosphere; Through peeling, cut saw after obtain column type extrusion billet; Blank being incubated 3h at 420 DEG C, blank is squeezed into tabular section bar subsequently on 1000 tons of extruders, extrusion ratio is 27.7; The mode that tabular section bar adopts continuous warming at a slow speed carries out solution heat treatment, is incubated 2h at 460 DEG C, then carries out Water Quenching; Finally carry out T6 single-stage aging process, can be prepared by aluminium alloy finished product.
According to relevant performance test standard, the room-temperature mechanical property of prepared aluminium alloy finished product being tested, test result is: tensile strength is 424MPa, yield strength be 401MPa, hardness is 141Hv.
Embodiment 2
With preparation containing Zn=5.79%, Mg=2.12%, Ti=0.029%, Cu=0.11%, Zr=0.005%, Cr=0.005%, Mn=0.005%, Si=0.04%, Fe=0.07%, surplus is Al and subsidiary impurity, and wherein Zn, Mg weight ratio is: the aluminium alloy of Zn/Mg=2.73 is example.
First carry out dispensing according to constituent content, then raw material aluminium ingot, zinc, magnesium are joined in crucible after oil removing, degasification and oxide on surface are mingled with; Crucible is warming up to 750 DEG C, after the raw material in crucible all melts, sampling carries out chemical composition analysis, so as to determine and reach required composition range requirement, if there being deviation, it is adjusted correspondingly, it is simultaneously introduced refining agent and carries out refine, to eliminate gas in melt and foreign material, make cleaning molten, a period of time is stood after skimming, the online grain refiner Al-Ti-B that adds pours into a mould, and pouring temperature controls, at 720 DEG C, to prepare into cylindrical ingot; Cylindrical ingot is carried out under 425 DEG C/12h+460 DEG C/24h two-step homogenization, subsequently air cooling in atmosphere; Through peeling, cut saw after obtain column type extrusion billet; Blank being incubated 3h at 430 DEG C, blank is squeezed into tabular section bar subsequently on 1000 tons of extruders, extrusion ratio is 28.0; The mode that tabular section bar adopts continuous warming at a slow speed carries out solution heat treatment, is incubated 1h at 470 DEG C, then carries out Water Quenching; Finally carry out T73 two-stage time effect process, can be prepared by aluminium alloy finished product.
According to relevant performance test standard, the room-temperature mechanical property of prepared aluminium alloy finished product being tested, test result is: tensile strength is 438MPa, yield strength be 405MPa, hardness is 145Hv.
Embodiment 3
With preparation containing Zn=6.21%, Mg=2.09%, Ti=0.028%, Cu=0.008%, Zr=0.009%, Cr=0.009%, Mn=0.009%, Si=0.03%, Fe=0.06%, surplus is Al and subsidiary impurity, and wherein Zn, Mg weight ratio is: the aluminium alloy of Zn/Mg=2.97 is example.
First carry out dispensing according to constituent content, then raw material aluminium ingot, zinc, magnesium are joined in crucible after oil removing, degasification and oxide on surface are mingled with; Crucible is warming up to 760 DEG C, after the raw material in crucible all melts, sampling carries out chemical composition analysis, so as to determine and reach required composition range requirement, if there being deviation, it is adjusted correspondingly, it is simultaneously introduced refining agent and carries out refine, to eliminate gas in melt and foreign material, make cleaning molten, a period of time is stood after skimming, the online grain refiner Al-Ti-B that adds pours into a mould, and pouring temperature controls, at 730 DEG C, to prepare into cylindrical ingot; Cylindrical ingot is carried out under 430 DEG C/16h+465 DEG C/24h two-step homogenization, subsequently air cooling in atmosphere; Through peeling, cut saw after obtain column type extrusion billet; Blank being incubated 1h at 440 DEG C, blank is squeezed into tabular section bar subsequently on 1000 tons of extruders, extrusion ratio is 27.5; The mode that tabular section bar adopts continuous warming at a slow speed carries out solution heat treatment, is incubated 3h at 480 DEG C, then carries out Water Quenching; Finally carry out T77 multistage aging process, can be prepared by aluminium alloy finished product.
According to relevant performance test standard, the room-temperature mechanical property of prepared aluminium alloy finished product being tested, test result is: tensile strength is 450MPa, yield strength be 431MPa, hardness is 146Hv.
Embodiment 4
With preparation containing Zn=6.68%, Mg=2.29%, Ti=0.030%, Cu=0～0.008%, Zr=0.007%, Cr=0.007%, Mn=0.007%, Si=0.04%, Fe=0.049%, surplus is Al and subsidiary impurity, and wherein Zn, Mg weight ratio is: the aluminium alloy of Zn/Mg=2.92 is example.
First carry out dispensing according to constituent content, then raw material aluminium ingot, zinc, magnesium are joined in crucible after oil removing, degasification and oxide on surface are mingled with; Crucible is warming up to 755 DEG C, after the raw material in crucible all melts, sampling carries out chemical composition analysis, so as to determine and reach required composition range requirement, if there being deviation, it is adjusted correspondingly, it is simultaneously introduced refining agent and carries out refine, to eliminate gas in melt and foreign material, make cleaning molten, a period of time is stood after skimming, the online grain refiner Al-Ti-B that adds pours into a mould, and pouring temperature controls, at 725 DEG C, to prepare into cylindrical ingot; Cylindrical ingot is carried out under 430 DEG C/16h+465 DEG C/30h two-step homogenization, subsequently air cooling in atmosphere; Through peeling, cut saw after obtain column type extrusion billet; Blank being incubated 3h at 435 DEG C, blank is squeezed into tabular section bar subsequently on 1000 tons of extruders, extrusion ratio is 27.4; The mode that tabular section bar adopts continuous warming at a slow speed carries out solution heat treatment, is incubated 4h at 475 DEG C, then carries out Water Quenching; Finally carry out T73 two-stage time effect process, can be prepared by aluminium alloy finished product.
According to relevant performance test standard, the room-temperature mechanical property of prepared aluminium alloy finished product being tested, test result is: tensile strength is 471MPa, yield strength be 445MPa, hardness is 157Hv.
Embodiment 5
With preparation containing Zn=7.19%, Mg=2.32%, Ti=0.028%, Cu=0.10%, Zr=0.008%, Cr=0.008%, Mn=0.008%, Si=0.17%, Fe=0.06%, surplus is Al and subsidiary impurity, and wherein Zn, Mg weight ratio is: the aluminium alloy of Zn/Mg=3.10 is example.
First carry out dispensing according to constituent content, then raw material aluminium ingot, zinc, magnesium are joined in crucible after oil removing, degasification and oxide on surface are mingled with; Crucible is warming up to 745 DEG C, after the raw material in crucible all melts, sampling carries out chemical composition analysis, so as to determine and reach required composition range requirement, if there being deviation, it is adjusted correspondingly, it is simultaneously introduced refining agent and carries out refine, to eliminate gas in melt and foreign material, make cleaning molten, a period of time is stood after skimming, the online grain refiner Al-Ti-B that adds pours into a mould, and pouring temperature controls, at 720 DEG C, to prepare into cylindrical ingot; Cylindrical ingot is carried out under 430 DEG C/16h+465 DEG C/24h two-step homogenization, subsequently air cooling in atmosphere; Through peeling, cut saw after obtain column type extrusion billet; Blank preheating 1h at 430 DEG C, blank is squeezed into tabular section bar subsequently on 1000 tons of extruders, extrusion ratio is 27.5; The mode that tabular section bar adopts continuous warming at a slow speed carries out solution heat treatment, is incubated 2h at 470 DEG C, then carries out Water Quenching; Finally carry out T73 two-stage time effect process, can be prepared by aluminium alloy finished product.
According to relevant performance test standard, the room-temperature mechanical property of prepared aluminium alloy finished product being tested, test result is: tensile strength is 497MPa, yield strength be 472MPa, hardness is 161Hv.
Embodiment 6
With preparation containing Zn=7.62%, Mg=2.29%, Ti=0.030%, Cu=0.12%, Zr=0.009%, Cr=0.009%, Mn=0.009%, Si=0.18%, Fe=0.06%, surplus is Al and subsidiary impurity, and wherein Zn, Mg weight ratio is: the aluminium alloy of Zn/Mg=3.32 is example.
First carry out dispensing according to constituent content, then raw material aluminium ingot, zinc, magnesium are joined in crucible after oil removing, degasification and oxide on surface are mingled with; Crucible is warming up to 745 DEG C, after the raw material in crucible all melts, sampling carries out chemical composition analysis, so as to determine and reach required composition range requirement, if there being deviation, it is adjusted correspondingly, it is simultaneously introduced refining agent and carries out refine, to eliminate gas in melt and foreign material, make cleaning molten, a period of time is stood after skimming, the online grain refiner Al-Ti-B that adds pours into a mould, and pouring temperature controls, at 730 DEG C, to prepare into cylindrical ingot; Cylindrical ingot is carried out under 435 DEG C/20h+475 DEG C/36h two-step homogenization, subsequently air cooling in atmosphere; Through peeling, cut saw after obtain column type extrusion billet; Blank being incubated 2h at 430 DEG C, blank is squeezed into tabular section bar subsequently on 1000 tons of extruders, extrusion ratio is 28.1; The mode that tabular section bar adopts continuous warming at a slow speed carries out solution heat treatment, is incubated 2h at 475 DEG C, then carries out Water Quenching; Finally carry out T6 single-stage aging process, can be prepared by aluminium alloy finished product.
According to relevant performance test standard, the room-temperature mechanical property of prepared aluminium alloy finished product being tested, test result is: tensile strength is 508MPa, yield strength be 482MPa, hardness is 165Hv.
Embodiment 7
With preparation containing Zn=8.53%, Mg=2.42%, Ti=0.028%, Cu=0.15%, Zr=0.009%, Cr=0.009%, Mn=0.009%, Si=0.18%, Fe=0.06%, surplus is Al and subsidiary impurity, and wherein Zn, Mg weight ratio is: the aluminium alloy of Zn/Mg=3.52 is example.
First carry out dispensing according to constituent content, then raw material aluminium ingot, zinc, magnesium are joined in crucible after oil removing, degasification and oxide on surface are mingled with; Crucible is warming up to 750 DEG C, after the raw material in crucible all melts, sampling carries out chemical composition analysis, so as to determine and reach required composition range requirement, if there being deviation, it is adjusted correspondingly, it is simultaneously introduced refining agent and carries out refine, to eliminate gas in melt and foreign material, make cleaning molten, a period of time is stood after skimming, the online grain refiner Al-Ti-B that adds pours into a mould, and pouring temperature controls, at 720 DEG C, to prepare into cylindrical ingot; Cylindrical ingot is carried out under 435 DEG C/20h+468 DEG C/36h two-step homogenization, subsequently air cooling in atmosphere; Through peeling, cut saw after obtain column type extrusion billet; Blank preheating 3h at 430 DEG C, blank is squeezed into tabular section bar subsequently on 1000 tons of extruders, extrusion ratio is 27.9; The mode that tabular section bar adopts continuous warming at a slow speed carries out solution heat treatment, is incubated 2h at 480 DEG C, then carries out Water Quenching; Finally carry out T77 multistage aging process, can be prepared by aluminium alloy finished product.
According to relevant performance test standard, the room-temperature mechanical property of prepared aluminium alloy finished product being tested, test result is: tensile strength is 538MPa, yield strength be 515MPa, hardness is 173Hv.
Embodiment 8
With preparation containing Zn=9.02%, Mg=2.61%, Ti=0.031%, Cu=0.20%, Zr=0.01%, Cr=0.01%, Mn=0.01%, Si=0.18%, Fe=0.07%, surplus is Al and subsidiary impurity, and wherein Zn, Mg weight ratio is: the aluminium alloy of Zn/Mg=3.46 is example.
First carry out dispensing according to constituent content, then raw material aluminium ingot, zinc, magnesium are joined in crucible after oil removing, degasification and oxide on surface are mingled with; Crucible is warming up to 755 DEG C, after the raw material in crucible all melts, sampling carries out chemical composition analysis, so as to determine and reach required composition range requirement, if there being deviation, it is adjusted correspondingly, it is simultaneously introduced refining agent and carries out refine, to eliminate gas in melt and foreign material, make cleaning molten, a period of time is stood after skimming, the online grain refiner Al-Ti-B that adds pours into a mould, and pouring temperature controls, at 720 DEG C, to prepare into cylindrical ingot; Cylindrical ingot is carried out under 435 DEG C/20h+470 DEG C/36h two-step homogenization, subsequently air cooling in atmosphere; Through peeling, cut saw after obtain column type extrusion billet; Blank being incubated 3h at 430 DEG C, blank is squeezed into tabular section bar subsequently on 1000 tons of extruders, extrusion ratio is 27.4; The mode that tabular section bar adopts continuous warming at a slow speed carries out solution heat treatment, is incubated 3h at 470 DEG C, then carries out Water Quenching; Finally carry out T77 multistage aging process, can be prepared by aluminium alloy finished product.
According to relevant performance test standard, the room-temperature mechanical property of prepared aluminium alloy finished product being tested, test result is: tensile strength is 549MPa, yield strength be 523MPa, hardness is 175Hv.
Embodiment 9
With preparation containing Zn=10.11%, Mg=2.41%, Ti=0.028%, Cu=0.19%, Zr=0.01%, Cr=0.01%, Mn=0.01%, Si=0.23%, Fe=0.075%, surplus is Al and subsidiary impurity, and wherein Zn, Mg weight ratio is: the aluminium alloy of Zn/Mg=4.20 is example.
First carry out dispensing according to constituent content, then raw material aluminium ingot, zinc, magnesium are joined in crucible after oil removing, degasification and oxide on surface are mingled with; Crucible is warming up to 760 DEG C, after the raw material in crucible all melts, sampling carries out chemical composition analysis, so as to determine and reach required composition range requirement, if there being deviation, it is adjusted correspondingly, it is simultaneously introduced refining agent and carries out refine, to eliminate gas in melt and foreign material, make cleaning molten, a period of time is stood after skimming, the online grain refiner Al-Ti-B that adds pours into a mould, and pouring temperature controls, at 710 DEG C, to prepare into cylindrical ingot; Cylindrical ingot is carried out under 435 DEG C/20h+472 DEG C/36h two-step homogenization, subsequently air cooling in atmosphere; Through peeling, cut saw after obtain column type extrusion billet; Blank being incubated 1h at 440 DEG C, blank is squeezed into tabular section bar subsequently on 1000 tons of extruders, extrusion ratio is 28.3; The mode that tabular section bar adopts continuous warming at a slow speed carries out solution heat treatment, is incubated 2h at 470 DEG C, then carries out Water Quenching; Finally carry out T77 multistage aging process, can be prepared by aluminium alloy finished product.
According to relevant performance test standard, the room-temperature mechanical property of prepared aluminium alloy finished product being tested, test result is: tensile strength is 565MPa, yield strength be 534MPa, hardness is 177Hv.
Embodiment 10
With preparation containing Zn=11.00%, Mg=2.95%, Ti=0.039%, Cu=0.01%, Zr=0.01%, Cr=0.01%, Mn=0.01%, Si=0.28%, Fe=0.08%, surplus is Al and subsidiary impurity, and wherein Zn, Mg weight ratio is: the aluminium alloy of Zn/Mg=3.74 is example.
First carry out dispensing according to constituent content, then raw material aluminium ingot, zinc, magnesium are joined in crucible after oil removing, degasification and oxide on surface are mingled with; Crucible is warming up to 760 DEG C, after the raw material in crucible all melts, sampling carries out chemical composition analysis, so as to determine and reach required composition range requirement, if there being deviation, it is adjusted correspondingly, it is simultaneously introduced refining agent and carries out refine, to eliminate gas in melt and foreign material, make cleaning molten, a period of time is stood after skimming, the online grain refiner Al-Ti-B that adds pours into a mould, and pouring temperature controls, at 720 DEG C, to prepare into cylindrical ingot; Cylindrical ingot is carried out under 440 DEG C/24h+475 DEG C/36h two-step homogenization, subsequently air cooling in atmosphere; Through peeling, cut saw after obtain column type extrusion billet; Blank preheating 2h at 420 DEG C, blank is squeezed into tabular section bar subsequently on 1000 tons of extruders, extrusion ratio is 28.4; The mode that tabular section bar adopts continuous warming at a slow speed carries out solution heat treatment, is incubated 1h at 480 DEG C, then carries out Water Quenching; Finally carry out T6 single-stage aging process, can be prepared by aluminium alloy finished product.
According to relevant performance test standard, the room-temperature mechanical property of prepared aluminium alloy finished product being tested, test result is: tensile strength is 584MPa, yield strength be 552MPa, hardness is 181Hv.
In sum, aluminium alloy provided by the invention has higher tensile strength, yield force and hardness, and general characteristic is: tensile strength > 420Mpa, hardness > 140HV.
Referring to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 again, wherein Fig. 1 is the metallographic structure shape appearance figure of commercial 7050 aluminium alloys, and Fig. 2 is the metallographic structure shape appearance figure of aluminium alloy provided by the invention. As can be seen from Figure 1, in commercial 7050 aluminium alloys, Zr element defines fiber streaky structure, and from figure 2 it can be seen that aluminium alloy provided by the invention such as defines at shaft-like recrystal grain tissue and the uniform small grains after the strict addition controlling Zr element. Therefore, aluminium alloy provided by the invention has high intensity this aluminium alloy simultaneously and can obtain good appearance by anodized.
The foregoing is only embodiments of the invention; not thereby the scope of the claims of the present invention is limited; every equivalent structure utilizing description of the present invention and accompanying drawing content to make or equivalence flow process conversion; or directly or indirectly it is used in other relevant technical field, all in like manner include in the scope of patent protection of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. an aluminium alloy, it is characterised in that the component of this aluminium alloy and percetage by weight be: Zn=4.0～11.0%, Mg=2.0～3.0%, Si=0～0.3%, Ti=0～0.04%, Cu=0～0.2%, Zr=0～0.01%, Cr=0～0.01%, Mn=0～0.01%, Fe < 0.1%, surplus is Al and subsidiary impurity, and wherein Zn, Mg weight ratio is: Zn/Mg=2～6.
2. aluminium alloy according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the component of this aluminium alloy and percetage by weight be: Zn=5.5～8.6%, Mg=2.0～2.6%, Si=0～0.2%, Ti=0～0.03%, Cu=0～0.15%, Zr=0～0.01%, Cr=0～0.01%, Mn=0～0.01%, Fe < 0.08%, surplus is Al and subsidiary impurity, and wherein Zn, Mg weight ratio is: Zn/Mg=2～6.
3. aluminium alloy according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterised in that in described impurity, single impurity content is less than 0.01%.
4. aluminium alloy according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the tensile strength of described aluminium alloy is more than 420Mpa.
5. aluminium alloy according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the hardness of described aluminium alloy is more than 140HV.
6. the preparation method for described aluminium alloy arbitrary in claim 1～2, it is characterised in that including:
Weigh raw material, carry out dispensing according to the percetage by weight of each component;
After melting, semi-continuous casting method is adopted to pour into a mould acquisition ingot casting at 710～730 DEG C at 740～760 DEG C described raw material;
Described ingot casting carries out two-step homogenization process, and the temperature of first order homogenization is 420 DEG C～440 DEG C, and the time is 12～24h; The temperature of second level homogenization is 460 DEG C～475 DEG C homogenization times is 24～36h;
Ingot casting through Homogenization Treatments is carried out peeling, cuts saw and obtain blank, then blank is carried out thermal deformation processed and obtain alloy product;
Described alloy product is carried out solution treatment, is then quickly quenching into room temperature; Solid solubility temperature is 460～480 DEG C, and the time is 1～4h;
Goods after solution treatment are carried out aging strengthening model, to obtain above-mentioned alloy product.
7. the preparation method of aluminium alloy according to claim 6, it is characterised in that described raw material includes the aluminium ingot of purity >=99.99%, the zinc of purity >=99.99%, the magnesium of purity >=99.99% and grain refiner Al-Ti-B.
8. the preparation method of aluminium alloy according to claim 6, it is characterised in that described aging thermal treating process is any one in T6 single-stage aging, T73 two-stage time effect and T77 multistage aging.
9. the preparation method of aluminium alloy according to claim 6, it is characterised in that described thermal deformation processed adopts extrusion process, and extrusion temperature is 410～440 DEG C, and insulation duration is 2～4h.
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