CN104722945A - Ultra-fine grain aluminum alloy gold welding wire and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Ultra-fine grain aluminum alloy gold welding wire and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN104722945A CN104722945A CN201310700919.7A CN201310700919A CN104722945A CN 104722945 A CN104722945 A CN 104722945A CN 201310700919 A CN201310700919 A CN 201310700919A CN 104722945 A CN104722945 A CN 104722945A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/28—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 950 degrees C
- B23K35/286—Al as the principal constituent
- B23K35/288—Al as the principal constituent with Sn or Zn
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/40—Making wire or rods for soldering or welding
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Abstract
The invention relates to an ultra-fine grain aluminum alloy gold welding wire and a preparation method of the ultra-fine grain aluminum alloy gold welding wire. The ultra-fine grain aluminum alloy gold welding wire includes the following components: SC 0.05%-0.8%, Er 0.05%-0.6%, misch metal 0.01%-0.8%, B 0.01%-0.5%, Ti 0.1%-0.3%, Cr 0.05%-0.4%, Zr 0.05%-0.2%, Mn 0.1%-0.6%, Zn 0.2%-1.0%, Mg 4%-8%, and the rest is Al. The preparation method is as follows: adding an aluminum ingot or the molten aluminum into a semi-closed reverberatory furnace firstly; adding Mn, Ti, Zr, Cr and Zn; adding B and the misch metal; conducting the furnace refining on the alloy melt; slagging the alloy melt after the refining; pressing Mg into the alloy melt after stewing; adjusting the temperature of the melt for standby; pouring the melt in an electromagnetic continuous casting machine; preparing an aluminum alloy ingot casting; lifting up the aluminum alloy ingot casting for homogenizing annealing and scalping for standby; putting the aluminum alloy ingot casting into an extrusion die for extrusion, extruding an aluminum alloy wire disc; and conducting wire drawing till the specification and the diameter reach the standard and using. The ultra-fine grain aluminum alloy gold welding wire can effectively improve the structural strength of a welding structure and the welding performance, and overcomes the welding defects of the low strength of an aluminum alloy welding joint and welding cracks.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Welded Material Field, particularly relate to a kind of Ultra-fine Grained aluminium alloy welding wire and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
The superperformances such as proportion is little, corrosion resistance good owing to having, electric conductivity and thermal conductivity are high, the fields such as Aluminum-aluminum alloy is widely used in aviation, navigation, military project, communications and transportation, bridge, electric.Welded is the necessary means of aluminum alloy materials extensive use, and the characteristic of Welded is mainly reflected in the following aspects: 1, the affinity of aluminium and oxygen is very large, and aluminium is very easily combined the Al generating compacted mass with oxygen in atmosphere
2o
3film, hinders fusing and the good combination each other of parent metal, and easily causes slag inclusion, and oxide-film also can adsorption moisture, weld seam can be impelled to form the defects such as pore, thus reduce the mechanical property of welding point during welding; 2, the thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity, the latent heat of fusion etc. of Al and Alalloy are all very large, in welding process, a large amount of heat energy is passed to rapidly parent metal inside, will consume more heat when therefore welding Al and Alalloy than steel; 3, high-temp plastic is poor, and linear expansion coefficient is large, when therefore welding some aluminium alloy, often produces buckling deformation and fire check due to excessive contraction internal stress; 4, liquid aluminium can dissolve a large amount of hydrogen, cools fast form pore with easy gathering in weld seam in process of setting at welding pool; 5, at high temperature the intensity of aluminium is very low, to such an extent as to can not support liq metal and make appearance of weld bad, even forms (or burning) defect of subsiding; 6, in some aluminium alloy containing lower boiling alloying element as magnesium, zinc etc., these elements very easily evaporate under the effect of thermal-flame or electric arc, scaling loss, thus change the chemical composition of weld metal, also reduce the performance of welding point simultaneously; When 7, welding heat-treatable strengthened aluminium alloy, due to the impact of sweating heat, the mechanical properties decrease at some position, body metal Jin Feng district can be made.When aluminum alloy base material is certain, the performance of Welded structure depends primarily on alloying component and the performance of welding procedure and welding wire, wherein, welding wire is the key factor affecting weld metal composition, tissue, liquid-solid liquidus temperature, the hot crackability of Jin Feng district mother metal, corrosion resistance and mechanical property, and therefore the extensive use of solder wire material to Welded structure is significant.
High-strength aluminum alloy refers to that its tensile strength is greater than the aluminium alloy of 480MPa, mainly rust-preventing aluminum alloy class, duralumin, hard alumin ium alloy class, extra super duralumin alloy class, forging aluminium alloy class, aluminium lithium alloy class etc. in pressure processing aluminium alloy.Along with high-strength aluminum alloy is in the extensive application in the fields such as Aeronautics and Astronautics, shipbuilding and military project; high-strength aluminum alloy be welded into comparatively distinct issues; generally adopt Al-Mg series solder wire to carry out welding to this alloy both at home and abroad at present to connect, but there is the weld defects such as strength of welded joint is low, hot tearing in this kind of method.
Cause softening problem for base material by welding heat affected, be originating primarily from base material in Thermal Cycle process and, near the paranormal aging temp of position temperature rise of weld seam, cause Age-prrcipitation Phase alligatoring, normal aging state tissue becomes overaging tissue.Suitably add the trace element that can improve anti-recrystallizing in the substrate, adjust welding procedure simultaneously, sweating heat is distributed as early as possible, welding heat affected degree is less, and heat affected area intensity declines and will alleviate.Due to the impact of metal freezing heredity, the microstructure of welding wire directly affects the solidified structure of welding point, can the microstructure of effective refinement welding point by the microstructure of adding alloying element or other thin brilliant means refining aluminum alloy welding wires, raising strength of welded joint.
Summary of the invention
First technical problem to be solved by this invention provides a kind of Ultra-fine Grained aluminium alloy welding wire, this aluminium alloy welding wire can effectively reduce Welded defect, the weld defects such as the strength of joint especially existed in high-strength aluminum alloy welding process is low, weld crack, thus improve the combination property such as weld strength, corrosion resistance of aluminium alloy.
Second technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide the preparation method of above-mentioned Ultra-fine Grained aluminium alloy welding wire.
The present invention solves the technical scheme that first technical problem adopt: a kind of Ultra-fine Grained aluminium alloy welding wire, it is characterized in that: comprise rare earth element and transition element in its material composi, mass percent (%) content of material composi and each composition is as follows:
The present invention solve technical scheme that second technical problem adopt for: prepare the Ultra-fine Grained aluminium alloy welding wire described in such scheme according to the following steps:
(1) according to the mass percent of each composition described in claim 1, in conjunction with the aluminium alloy total amount needing configuration, calculate the amount of often kind of required single component element, and get the raw materials ready;
(2) appropriate aluminium ingot or molten aluminum liquid are joined in semiclosed reverberatory furnace, heat fused at 700 DEG C ~ 800 DEG C.
(3) add appropriate Mn, Ti, Zr, Cr, Zn with intermediate alloy form again, stir after dissolving, then add appropriate B and rare earth with intermediate alloy form, stir;
(4) add refining agent in the alloy melt in step (3), carry out furnace refining;
(5) after refining, alloy melt carries out slag hitting, after leaving standstill 15min ~ 25min, pure Mg is pressed into alloy melt;
(6) by after melt temperature adjustment to 680 DEG C ~ 800 DEG C, pour into a mould in continuous casting electromagnetic machine, prepare the aluminium alloy cast ingot of Ф 80mm ~ 300mm;
(7) proposed by aluminium alloy cast ingot, 350 ~ 450 DEG C are carried out homogenizing annealing process, and it is stand-by to strip off the skin;
(8) put into extrusion die to extrude, squeeze out Ф 8mm ~ 12mm aluminium alloy wire tray, extrusion temperature is 330 DEG C ~ 400 DEG C;
(10) enter in drawing machine and carry out wire drawing, anneal in wire drawing process, reaching format diameter can use.
Further, described refining agent is the one in chlorine, carbon trichloride, manganese oxide, commercially available aluminum refining agent or boron salt alterant; In aluminium alloy welding wire preparation, conventional refining agent is carbon trichloride, and conventional amount used is 0.3 ~ 0.4% of furnace charge total amount.
Further, in above-mentioned steps (6), the technological parameter of electromagnetic casting is: electromagnetic field frequency 10Hz ~ 3000Hz, electromagnetic power 5kW ~ 60kW, casting speed 30mm/min ~ 100mm/min, intensity of cooling 1m
3/ h ~ 10m
3/ h.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
(1) interpolation of rare earth element has degasification and catharsis to welding pool, decreases the pore of welding point; And the common interpolation of rare earth and transition element defines a large amount of dispersoid particle, refinement weld structure, reduces welded hot cracking tendency; Therefore the acting in conjunction such as purification, crystal grain thinning, Diffusion Weighting of rare earth and transition element generation, improves Welding Structure intensity, reduces the weld defects such as welded joints in aluminium alloy intensity is low, weld crack.
(2) continuous casting electromagnetic technology is utilized can to improve the quality of welding wire blank, electromagnetic agitation strong in Slug preparing process produces fierce forced convection in melt inside, alloying component is reached unanimity, and forced convection accelerates overheated dispersing process and smashed dendrite wall, thus cause the multiplication of crystal grain quantity, crystal grain thinning; Aluminum alloy blank its tissue in the processes such as extruding, drawing obtains further refinement and forms ultrafine-grained (UFG) microstructure, thus improves the welding performance of aluminium alloy welding wire, reduces the weld defects such as welded joints in aluminium alloy intensity is low, weld crack.
Detailed description of the invention
A kind of Ultra-fine Grained aluminium alloy welding wire, comprise rare earth element and transition element in its material composi, in its rare earth elements, Sc is 0.05% ~ 0.8%, Er is 0.05% ~ 0.6%, and mishmetal is 0.01% ~ 0.8%; To filter in race element that B is 0.01% ~ 0.5%, Ti be 0.1% ~ 0.3%, Cr be 0.05% ~ 0.4%, Zr is 0.05% ~ 0.2%; Also comprise 0.1% ~ 0.6%Mn in addition, 0.2% ~ 1.0%Zn, 4% ~ 8%Mg, all the other are Al.
Add the rare earth elements such as Sc, Er in the present invention, in welding, melt in weld seam process of setting can be made preferentially to separate out once nascent Al
3the Al rare-earth phase particles such as Sc, desirable nucleus when this particle is α-A1 crystallization, can play the effect of heterogeneous nucleation, thus refinement weld seam solidified structure consumingly, the refinement of solidified structure not only increases intensity and the toughness of weld seam, also improves the ability of thermal crack resistant.And due to the supersaturated solid solution extremely unstable containing rare earth elements such as Sc, easily divide the phase particle parsing nanoscale Dispersed precipitate, this particle has obvious dispersion-strengthened action.Rare earth element also has the effect to welding pool degasification, purification in welding process, due to above-mentioned additional welding purification, refined crystalline strengthening and disperse phase strengthening, adopt the weld defect of the Ultra-fine Grained welding wire welding of the rare earth combined microalloyings such as Sc obviously to reduce, strength of welded joint improves.
The transition elements such as Zr, Cr of adding, play inhibition to the recrystallization of the solidified structure of welding.Zr greatly can be dissolved in Al
3sc (reaching 12.5at%), the Al simultaneously formed
3phase particles such as (Sc, Zr) maintains intermetallic compound A1
3the performance that Sc is all useful, and be provided with new useful performance.Nascent A1
3(Sc, Zr) phase particle and A1
3effective core when Sc phase particle is all aluminum melt crystallization, can the grain structure of refining aluminum alloy greatly.Ti and Zr is the same, can dissolve in A1
3in Sc phase, the Sc atom in displacement particle, forms A1
3(Sc, Ti), dissolving in of Ti can make A1
3the lattice paprmeter of Sc phase reduces, and makes it reduce with the mismatch of aluminum substrate, to the refining effect organized more by force, also reduces Sc simultaneously and metamorphic critical concentration occurs.
The present invention utilizes semi-enclosed reflection heating furnace to melt, and then utilizes continuous casting electromagnetic machine to prepare high-quality aluminium alloy cast ingot, eventually passes the operations such as heat treatment, extruding and drawing and prepares the aluminium alloy welding wire needing size.Specific embodiment is as follows:
Embodiment 1:
In the present embodiment, Ultra-fine Grained aluminium alloy welding wire constituent is: 0.05%Sc, 0.05%Er, 0.6% mishmetal, 0.15%B, 0.2%Ti, 0.15%Cr, 0.15%Zr, 0.25%Mn, 0.3%Zn, 5.8%Mg, all the other are Al, as the composition of the composite micro-alloyed welding wire of rare earth, be characterized in mishmetal, utilize the characteristics design aluminium alloy welding wire of mishmetal.
Preparation process is as follows: first according to the mass percent of above-mentioned each composition, in conjunction with the aluminium alloy total amount needing configuration, calculates the amount of often kind of required single component element, establishment alloying ingredient table, and gets the raw materials ready by list of ingredients.By list of ingredients, appropriate aluminium ingot or molten aluminum liquid are joined in semiclosed reverberatory furnace, and heat fused, 780 DEG C.Press list of ingredients again, add appropriate Mn, Ti, Zr, Cr, Zn with intermediate alloy form, stir after dissolving, then add appropriate B and rare earth with intermediate alloy form, stir.In above-mentioned alloy melt, add carbon trichloride, and stir, alloy melt carries out furnace refining.After refining, the slag hitting of alloy melt, utilizes bell jar that pure Mg is pressed into alloy melt, in order to avoid Mg is at high temperature oxidized, even catches fire after leaving standstill 15min.Melt temperature adjustment to 750 is DEG C for subsequent use, and pour into a mould in continuous casting electromagnetic machine, prepare the high-quality Al alloy cast ingot of Ф 210mm, the technological parameter of wherein electromagnetic casting is: electromagnetic field frequency 1500Hz, electromagnetic power 15kW, casting speed 60mm/min, intensity of cooling 4m
3/ h.Then aluminium alloy cast ingot is proposed, carry out homogenizing annealing process at 450 DEG C, and it is stand-by to strip off the skin.Put into extrusion die to extrude, squeeze out Ф 10mm aluminium alloy wire tray, extrusion temperature is 380 DEG C, finally aluminium alloy wire tray is put into drawing machine and carries out wire drawing, and 320 DEG C of annealing in wire drawing process, reaching format diameter Ф 3.2mm can use.
Embodiment 2:
In the present embodiment, Ultra-fine Grained aluminium alloy welding wire becomes as 0.2%Sc, 0.1%Er, 0.01% mishmetal, 0.1%B, 0.1%Ti, 0.15%Cr, 0.2%Zr, 0.25%Mn, 0.2%Zn, 5%Mg, all the other are Al, as the composition of the composite micro-alloyed welding wire of rare earth, be characterized in mishmetal, utilize the characteristics design aluminium alloy welding wire of mishmetal.
Preparation process is as follows: first according to the mass percent of above-mentioned each composition, in conjunction with the aluminium alloy total amount needing configuration, calculates the amount of often kind of required single component element, establishment alloying ingredient table, and gets the raw materials ready by list of ingredients.By list of ingredients, appropriate aluminium ingot or molten aluminum liquid are joined in semiclosed reverberatory furnace, and heat fused, 760 DEG C.Press list of ingredients again, add appropriate Mn, Ti, Zr, Cr, Zn with intermediate alloy form, stir after dissolving, then add appropriate B and rare earth with intermediate alloy form, stir.In above-mentioned alloy melt, add carbon trichloride, and stir, alloy melt carries out furnace refining.After refining, the slag hitting of alloy melt, utilizes bell jar that pure Mg is pressed into alloy melt, in order to avoid Mg is at high temperature oxidized, even catches fire after leaving standstill 15min.Melt temperature adjustment to 730 is DEG C for subsequent use, and pour into a mould in continuous casting electromagnetic machine, prepare the high-quality Al alloy cast ingot of Ф 120mm, the technological parameter of wherein electromagnetic casting is: electromagnetic field frequency 30Hz, electromagnetic power 25kW, casting speed 80mm/min, intensity of cooling 6m
3/ h.Then aluminium alloy cast ingot is proposed, carry out homogenizing annealing process at 420 DEG C, and it is stand-by to strip off the skin.Put into extrusion die to extrude, squeeze out Ф 10mm aluminium alloy wire tray, extrusion temperature is 360 DEG C, finally aluminium alloy wire tray is put into drawing machine and carries out wire drawing, and 300 DEG C of annealing in wire drawing process, reaching format diameter Ф 2.5mm can use.
Embodiment 3
Welding base material is the 7A52 aluminum alloy plate materials through solid gas coupling process, and test plate (panel) is of a size of 15mm × 200mm × 300mm, and test plate (panel) groove is 45 ° of double V-grooves, adopts the welding wire of preparation in 5356 Al-Mg alloy welding wires and embodiment 1 to weld it respectively.Welding procedure is as shown in table 1.
Table 1 welding condition
According to national standard, welding point is processed into tensile sample, adopts electronic tensile machine to carry out stretching mechanical property testing to determine strength of welded joint coefficient.After welding, the mechanical property of welding point is as shown in table 2.As can be seen from Table 2, under the same conditions, the welding wire utilizing embodiment 1 to prepare has raising than the property of welded joint of 5356 conventional welding wire welding 7A52 high strength alumin ium alloys, and wherein tensile strength improves 6.8%, yield strength improves 23.3%, and percentage elongation improves 23.5%.
The mechanical property of table 2 welding point
Claims (4)
1. a Ultra-fine Grained aluminium alloy welding wire, is characterized in that: comprise rare earth element and transition element in its material composi, and mass percent (%) content of material composi and each composition is as follows:
2. prepare a method for Ultra-fine Grained aluminium alloy welding wire as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
(1) according to the mass percent of each composition described in claim 1, in conjunction with the aluminium alloy total amount needing configuration, calculate the amount of often kind of required single component element, and get the raw materials ready;
(2) appropriate aluminium ingot or molten aluminum liquid are joined in semiclosed reverberatory furnace, heat fused at 700 DEG C ~ 800 DEG C.
(3) add appropriate Mn, Ti, Zr, Cr, Zn with intermediate alloy form again, stir after dissolving, then add appropriate B and rare earth with intermediate alloy form, stir;
(4) add refining agent in the alloy melt in step (3), carry out furnace refining;
(5) after refining, alloy melt carries out slag hitting, after leaving standstill 15min ~ 25min, pure Mg is pressed into alloy melt;
(6) by after melt temperature adjustment to 680 DEG C ~ 800 DEG C, pour into a mould in continuous casting electromagnetic machine, prepare the aluminium alloy cast ingot of Ф 80mm ~ 300mm;
(7) proposed by aluminium alloy cast ingot, 350 ~ 450 DEG C are carried out homogenizing annealing process, and it is stand-by to strip off the skin;
(8) put into extrusion die to extrude, squeeze out Ф 8mm ~ 12mm aluminium alloy wire tray, extrusion temperature is 330 DEG C ~ 400 DEG C;
(10) enter in drawing machine and carry out wire drawing, anneal in wire drawing process, reaching format diameter can use.
3. prepare the method for ultrafine aluminum alloy welding wire as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that: described refining agent is the one in chlorine, carbon trichloride, manganese oxide, commercially available aluminum refining agent or boron salt alterant.
4. prepare the method for ultrafine aluminum alloy welding wire as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that: in described step (6), the technological parameter of electromagnetic casting is: electromagnetic field frequency 10Hz ~ 3000Hz, electromagnetic power 5kW ~ 60kW, casting speed 30mm/min ~ 100mm/min, intensity of cooling 1m
3/ h ~ 10m
3/ h.
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| CN105441741A (en) * | 2015-11-13 | 2016-03-30 | 西南交通大学 | Aluminum alloy welding material with high compactness and preparation method thereof |
| CN105710557A (en) * | 2016-04-08 | 2016-06-29 | 中国兵器科学研究院宁波分院 | Welding wire special for 7XXX series aluminum alloy and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN105772981A (en) * | 2016-05-25 | 2016-07-20 | 桂林航天工业学院 | Aluminum alloy welding wire for high speed train and preparation method of aluminum alloy welding wire for high speed train |
| CN106238954A (en) * | 2016-07-29 | 2016-12-21 | 安徽飞弧焊业股份有限公司 | A kind of rare earth modified aluminium alloy welding wire and preparation method thereof |
| CN106238952A (en) * | 2016-07-29 | 2016-12-21 | 安徽飞弧焊业股份有限公司 | A kind of aluminium alloy welding wire and preparation method thereof |
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