LU503409B1 - Negative arc pressure constricted gastungsten arc welding (gtaw)-based additivemanufacturing (am) method - Google Patents

Negative arc pressure constricted gastungsten arc welding (gtaw)-based additivemanufacturing (am) method Download PDF

Info

Publication number
LU503409B1
LU503409B1 LU503409A LU503409A LU503409B1 LU 503409 B1 LU503409 B1 LU 503409B1 LU 503409 A LU503409 A LU 503409A LU 503409 A LU503409 A LU 503409A LU 503409 B1 LU503409 B1 LU 503409B1
Authority
LU
Luxembourg
Prior art keywords
arc
gtaw
magnetic field
welding
longitudinal magnetic
Prior art date
Application number
LU503409A
Other languages
German (de)
Inventor
Jian Luo
Ying Wang
Original Assignee
Univ Shanghai Eng Science
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Univ Shanghai Eng Science filed Critical Univ Shanghai Eng Science
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of LU503409B1 publication Critical patent/LU503409B1/en

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/16—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas
    • B23K9/167—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas and of a non-consumable electrode
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/04—Welding for other purposes than joining, e.g. built-up welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/08—Arrangements or circuits for magnetic control of the arc
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/32—Accessories
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Abstract

The present disclosure provides a negative arc pressure constricted gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW)-based additive manufacturing (AM) method, including: providing an energization coil outside a welding nozzle or a welding gun to form a longitudinal magnetic field with a centerline parallel or coincident with a centerline of an arc; adjusting an intensity of the longitudinal magnetic field, such that the intensity is greater than a preset critical value, and taking the intensity greater than the critical value as a target intensity; applying the longitudinal magnetic field with the intensity in line with the target intensity to the welding arc, such that a direction of an arc force is opposite to a direction of a gravitational force, thereby forming negative arc pressure constricted GTAW-based AM; and feeding a wire to a welding area at a preset included angle.

Description

DESCRIPTION LU503409
NEGATIVE ARC PRESSURE CONSTRICTED GAS TUNGSTEN ARC WELDING
(GTAW)-BASED ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING (AM) METHOD
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure relates to the field of additive manufacturing (AM) and, in particular, to a negative arc pressure constricted gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW)-based AM method.
BACKGROUND
[0002] In conventional GTAW-based AM, a welding arc is a plasma from which a plasma flow force is formed to serve as a welding arc force. The welding arc force is deemed as an axial impact force generated by a high-speed plasma fluid in the welding arc. In conventional GTAW-based wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM), the welding arc force is always an axial positive pressure relative to a weld pool. Since the positive arc pressure is applied to the surface of the weld pool, there is a difference in the liquid level of the weld pool, the depression of the weld pool, etc.
[0003] In the conventional GTAW-based WAAM, the positive arc pressure not only directly affects the motion of a melt in the weld pool but also is of importance to droplet transfer, the sectional shape of the weld pool, solidification structure in a weld, and joint quality. Particularly in the case of high-speed and efficient AM, many undesirable effects such as the discontinuous weld and humping occur, and the efficiency and joint performance in the GTAW-based WAAM are further affected.
SUMMARY
[0004] Given defects in the prior art, an objective of the present disclosure is to provide a negative arc pressure constricted GTAW-based AM method, which can effectively control GTAW-based WAAM, improve accuracy, efficiency, and performance, and provide a novel method for modern arc AM.
[0005] The present disclosure provides a negative arc pressure constricted
GTAW-based AM method, including:
[0006] providing an energization coil outside a welding nozzle or a welding gun to form a)503409 longitudinal magnetic field with a centerline parallel or coincident with a centerline of an arc;
[0007] adjusting an intensity of the longitudinal magnetic field in combination with a parameter of conventional GTAW-based AM, such that the intensity is greater than a critical value to be set in negative arc pressure constricted GTAW-based AM, and taking the intensity greater than the critical value as a target intensity;
[0008] applying the longitudinal magnetic field with the intensity in line with the target intensity to the arc, such that a direction of an arc force is opposite to a direction of a gravitational force and the arc force is transformed from a positive pressure to a negative pressure, thereby forming the negative arc pressure constricted GTAW-based AM; and
[0009] feeding a wire to a welding area at a preset included angle, such that the wire is molten in a welding arc area, and performing GTAW-based WAAM under the negative arc pressure, the included angle being an angle between the wire and a welding direction.
[0010] Further, the energization coil employs a hollow coil. The hollow coll is a helically wound coil. An iron core and a cooling structure are provided in the coil. The cooling structure ensures that the coil can work normally under high-temperature welding conditions. The hollow coil is provided outside the welding nozzle or the welding gun, or the hollow coil is integrated with a welding torch or the welding gun to form a compact structure integrated with the applied magnetic field and the welding gun or the welding torch. An exciting current is applied to the hollow coil to form a longitudinal magnetic field applied hybrid GTAW-based WAAM mode.
[0011] Further, the exciting current has an adjustable or settable waveform, direction, frequency, and amplitude and includes a direct current (DC), an alternating current (AC), a pulse current, and a variable polarity current.
[0012] Further, the direction of the longitudinal magnetic field is parallel or coincident with an axial direction of an arc center. The longitudinal magnetic field is one of an intermittent alternative longitudinal magnetic field, a constant longitudinal magnetic field, a pulsed longitudinal magnetic field, a sinusoidal longitudinal magnetic field, and an alternative longitudinal magnetic field.
[0013] Further, the intermittent alternative longitudinal magnetic field has a duty ratio of 10-60% and a frequency of 1-30 Hz.
[0014] Further, the included angle falls into a range of 15° to 80°. The wire is fed to the welding area by paraxial wire feeding. According to the performance of a material to be additively manufactured, the wire is fed to the welding area in a hot-wire or a cold-wif@;503409 manner. The wire is one of a solid wire, a flux-cored wire, and a powder-cored wire.
[0015] Further, the GTAW-based AM method has the following process parameters: A tungsten electrode has a diameter of 1.2-6 mm. The AM has a current of 40-450 A, an arc length of 1-4.8 mm, a voltage of 8-65 V, a speed of 10-600 cm/min, a wire diameter of 0.6-4.0 mm, a wire feeding speed of 10-800 cm/min, and an efficiency of 0.1-5 Kg/h. A shielding gas has a flow of 10-80 L/min. The shielding gas is one of 99.99% argon, 99.99% helium, and a mixed gas of 99.99% argon and 99.99% helium. An interlayer temperature in the AM is controlled at 100-400°C.
[0016] Further, when the AM has a current of 100 A and an arc length of 3 mm, the critical value for the intensity of the applied longitudinal magnetic field is 0.02 T, and the arc pressure at an arc center is 0 Pa.
[0017] When the AM has a current of 120 A and an arc length of 3 mm, the critical value for the intensity of the applied longitudinal magnetic field is 0.022 T, and the arc pressure at an arc center is 0 Pa.
[0018] When the AM has a current of 150 A and an arc length of 3 mm, the critical value for the intensity of the applied longitudinal magnetic field is 0.026 T, and the arc pressure at an arc center is 0 Pa.
[0019] Further, the arc force of the arc is an attractive force. Droplet transfer is implemented under the attractive force of the arc. The arc is attractive to a weld pool and is used for AM of low-carbon steel, alloy steel, stainless steel, armor steel, bearing steel, die steel, aluminum alloy, titanium alloy, magnesium alloy, copper alloy, high-temperature alloy, high-entropy alloy, refractory metal, or single-crystal material.
[0020] The present disclosure has the following beneficial effects: Through Lorentz forces generated between an applied magnetic field and a welding arc, welding droplets, and a distribution current in a weld pool, the negative arc pressure constricted
GTAW-based AM method implements the negative arc pressure and can effectively control the shape and performance of the GTAW-based WAAM. The present disclosure contributes to the establishment of a scientific and technological system for the negative arc pressure constricted GTAW-based WAAM, provides a novel method for modern arc
AM, and makes original achievements in the negative arc pressure constricted
GTAW-based WAAM, thereby being valuable to engineering applications.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0021] The present disclosure will be further described below by referring to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. LU503409
[0022] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of GTAW-based AM with a negative arc pressure according to the present disclosure; and
[0023] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of GTAW-based AM with a positive arc pressure according to the present disclosure.
[0024] In the figures: 1-tungsten electrode, 2-negative arc pressure, 3-weld pool, 4-workpiece, 5-surface of weld pool, 6-welding arc, 7-wire, and 8-positive arc pressure.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS
[0025] The present disclosure will be further described below by referring to the accompanying drawings. As shown in the figure:
[0026] The present disclosure controls a GTAW arc with an applied longitudinal magnetic field, such that a negative arc pressure is formed, thereby forming a negative arc pressure constricted GTAW-based AM method. The negative arc pressure constricted GTAW-based AM method includes the following steps:
[0027] An energization coil is provided outside a welding nozzle or a welding gun to form a longitudinal magnetic field with a centerline parallel or coincident with a centerline of an arc.
[0028] The intensity of the longitudinal magnetic field is adjusted in combination with a parameter of conventional GTAW-based AM, such that the intensity is greater than a critical value to be set in negative arc pressure constricted GTAW-based AM, and the intensity greater than the critical value is taken as a target intensity.
[0029] The longitudinal magnetic field with intensity in line with the target intensity is applied to the arc, such that a direction of an arc force is opposite to a direction of a gravitational force, and the arc force is transformed from a positive pressure to a negative pressure, thereby forming the negative arc pressure constricted GTAW-based
AM.
[0030] A wire is fed to a welding area at a preset included angle, such that the wire is molten in a welding arc area, and GTAW-based WAAM is performed under the negative arc pressure. The included angle is an angle between the wire and a welding direction.
[0031] The present disclosure induces the negative arc pressure of the welding arc in the GTAW-based WAAM by applying the longitudinal magnetic field and maintains the stable arc and stable droplet transfer in the GTAW-based WAAM under the negative arc pressure with a comprehensive electromagnetic and thermodynamic means, thereby forming a novel GTAW-based WAAM process in which the longitudinal magnetic field is applied and the negative arc pressure is generated. The present disclosure can,503409 effectively remove depressions on the surface of the weld pool due to the positive arc pressure, eliminate influences from motion behaviors and solidification states of fluids on the surface of and within the weld pool and from the droplet transfer, and prevent the undesirable formation related to the weld, and particular difficulties in stabilizing the droplet transfer, thus stabilizing the weld pool and controlling the shape and performance of the weld pool in high-speed and efficient welding.
[0032] In the embodiment, the energization coil employs a hollow coil. The hollow coil is a helically wound coil. An iron core and a cooling structure are provided in the coil. The cooling structure ensures that the coil can work normally under high-temperature welding conditions. The hollow coil is provided outside the welding nozzle or the welding gun, or the hollow coil is integrated with a welding torch or the welding gun to form a compact structure integrated with the applied magnetic field and the welding gun or the welding torch. An exciting current is applied to the hollow coil to form a longitudinal magnetic field applied hybrid GTAW-based WAAM mode. A digital multi-functional multi-waveform excitation power source is used to apply multiple exciting currents to a helical lead of the hollow coil, thus forming corresponding applied longitudinal magnetic fields. Certainly, the applied longitudinal magnetic field may also be implemented by using an existing magnetic field generator, which will not be repeated herein.
[0033] In the embodiment, the exciting current includes a DC, an AC, a pulse current, and a variable polarity current. To freely adjust or set the direction and intensity of the longitudinal magnetic field, the exciting current has an adjustable or settable waveform, direction, frequency, and amplitude.
[0034] In the embodiment, the direction of the longitudinal magnetic field is parallel or coincident with an axial direction of an arc center, which can form the corresponding applied longitudinal magnetic field, effectively control the arc in the GTAW-based WAAM to form the negative arc pressure, and fully exert absorption of the welding arc for the welding droplets and the antigravity of the weld pool. The longitudinal magnetic field is one of an intermittent alternative longitudinal magnetic field, a constant longitudinal magnetic field, a pulsed longitudinal magnetic field, a sinusoidal longitudinal magnetic field, and an alternative longitudinal magnetic field. The intermittent alternative longitudinal magnetic field has a duty ratio of 10-60% and a frequency of 1-30 Hz.
[0035] In the embodiment, the included angle falls into a range of 15° to 80°. The wire is fed to the welding area by paraxial wire feeding. According to the performance of a material to be additively manufactured, the wire is fed to the welding area in a hot-wire or a cold-wire manner. The wire is one of a solid wire, a flux-cored wire, and 8503409 powder-cored wire. During the paraxial wire feeding, a larger or smaller included angle between the wire and the welding direction will affect the weld solidification structure and the joint quality, thereby causing a discontinuous weld and undesirable joint performance.
By keeping the included angle between the wire and the welding direction in the range of 15° to 80°, both the weld quality and the joint performance can further be improved.
[0036] In the embodiment, according to the material used and the parameter of the
GTAW-based WAAM, the intensity of the applied longitudinal magnetic field is greater than a critical value matched with the parameter of the welding process, which ensures the formation of the negative arc pressure in the GTAW-based WAAM. Under the negative arc pressure, the welding arc plasma shows a regular and stable rotation, moves reversely from a workpiece to an electrode, and has a different attractive force from conventional GTAW for the welding droplets and the weld pool, thereby realizing the GTAW-based WAAM on metal materials based on the negative pressure, and forming the novel negative arc pressure constricted GTAW-based WAAM technology.
[0037] The GTAW-based AM method has the following process parameters: A tungsten electrode has a diameter of 1.2-6 mm. The AM has a current of 20-450 A, an arc length of 1-4.8 mm, a voltage of 8-65 V, a speed of 10-600 cm/min, a wire diameter of 0.6-4.0 mm, a wire feeding speed of 10-800 cm/min, and an efficiency of 0.1-5 Kg/h. A shielding gas has a flow of 20-80 L/min. The shielding gas is one of 99.99% argon, 99.99% helium, and a mixed gas of 99.99% argon and 99.99% helium. An interlayer temperature in the
AM is controlled at 100-400°C.
[0038] The critical value may be set according to an actual situation. When the AM has a current of 100 A and an arc length of 3 mm, the critical value for the intensity of the applied longitudinal magnetic field is 0.02 T, and the arc pressure at an arc center is 0 Pa.
In other words, when the intensity of the applied longitudinal magnetic field is greater than 0.02 T, the stable negative arc pressure constricted GTAW-based WAAM can be implemented.
[0039] When other conditions are unchanged and the AM has a current of 120 A and an arc length of 3 mm, the critical value for the intensity of the applied longitudinal magnetic field is 0.022 T, and an arc pressure at an arc center is 0 Pa.
[0040] When other conditions are unchanged and the AM has a current of 150 A and an arc length of 3 mm, the critical value for the intensity of the applied longitudinal magnetic field is 0.026 T, and an arc pressure at an arc center is 0 Pa.
[0041] In the embodiment, the arc force of the arc is an attractive force. At a conventional position, the direction of the arc force is opposite to the direction of th&503409 gravitational force. Droplet transfer is implemented under the attractive force of the arc.
The arc is attractive to a weld pool and is used for AM of a low-carbon steel, an alloy steel, a stainless steel, an armor steel, a bearing steel, a die steel, an aluminum alloy, a titanium alloy, a magnesium alloy, a copper alloy, a high-temperature alloy, a high-entropy alloy, a refractory metal, or a single-crystal material.
[0042] Embodiment 1 of the negative arc pressure constricted GTAW-based WAAM:
The 99.99% argon is used for shielding, with a flow of 8-20 L/min. The welding current is 100 A, the arc length is 2-4 mm, the tungsten electrode has a diameter of 3.2 mm, the nozzle has an inner diameter of 8 mm, and the arc voltage is 12.8 V. The intensity of the applied longitudinal magnetic field has a critical value of 0.02 T, and optimally has a critical value of 0.024 T. The magnetic field has an optimal frequency of 8 Hz. The applied longitudinal magnetic field is the intermittent alternative longitudinal magnetic field, the optimal duty ratio of which is 25%. The welding speed is 22-30 cm/min, and the wire feeding speed is 160-200 cm/min. The substrate in the AM is made of an aluminum alloy 5A06 and is 20 mm thick. The wire is made of aluminum alloy 5A06. The wire forms an included angle of 10° with a plane of the substrate. The paraxial wire feeding is used.
The wire has a diameter of 1.2 mm, and the interlayer temperature is controlled at 120°C.
The above welding parameters form the negative arc pressure constricted GTAW-based
WAAM technology.
[0043] Embodiment 2 of the negative arc pressure constricted GTAW-based WAAM:
The 99.99% argon is used for shielding with a flow of 10-24 L/min. The welding current is 120 A, the arc length is 2-4 mm, the tungsten electrode has a diameter of 3.2 mm, and the arc voltage is 18 V. The intensity of the applied longitudinal magnetic field has a critical value of 0.022 T and optimally has a critical value of 0.026 T. The magnetic field has an optimal frequency of 12 Hz. The applied longitudinal magnetic field is the intermittent alternative longitudinal magnetic field, the optimal duty ratio of which is 25%.
The welding speed is 28-36 cm/min, and the wire feeding speed is 180-240 cm/min. The substrate in the AM is made of stainless steel 316L and is 20 mm thick. The wire is made of stainless steel 316L. The wire forms an included angle of 15° with a plane of the substrate. The paraxial wire feeding is used. The wire has a diameter of 1.6 mm, and the interlayer temperature is controlled at 180°C. The above welding parameters form the negative arc pressure constricted GTAW-based WAAM technology.
[0044] Embodiment 3 of the negative arc pressure constricted GTAW-based WAAM:
The 99.99% argon is used for shielding with a flow of 12-20 L/min. The welding current is
150 A, the arc length is 2-4 mm, the tungsten electrode has a diameter of 3.2 mm, andj5o3409 the arc voltage is 16V. The intensity of the applied longitudinal magnetic field has a critical value of 0.026 T and optimally has a critical value of 0.027 T. The magnetic field has an optimal frequency of 10 Hz. The applied longitudinal magnetic field is the intermittent alternative longitudinal magnetic field, the optimal duty ratio of which is 25%.
The welding speed is 32-50 cm/min, and the wire feeding speed is 600-800 cm/min. The substrate in the AM is made of Q345 and is 10 mm thick. The wire is made of a nickel-based alloy Inconel625. The wire forms an included angle of 60° with a plane of the substrate. The paraxial wire feeding is used. The wire has a diameter of 1.2 mm, and the interlayer temperature is controlled at 200°C. The above welding parameters form the negative arc pressure constricted GTAW-based WAAM technology.
[0045] A negative arc pressure constricted GTAW-based WAAM device in the present disclosure includes an automatic welding robot, a six-axis positioning jig, a digital GTAW power source, a wire feeder, a gas shielding system, and a welding gun system.
[0046] The negative arc pressure constricted GTAW-based WAAM differs from the conventional magnetic field applied hybrid GTAW-based WAAM in that: The intensity of the applied longitudinal magnetic field must be greater than the critical value matched with the parameter of the conventional GTAW-based WAAM. In other words, the parameter of the applied longitudinal magnetic field in the negative arc pressure constricted GTAW-based WAAM does not fall into a range of the parameter of the applied longitudinal magnetic field in the conventional magnetic field applied hybrid
GTAW-based WAAM. Different from the conventional GTAW-based WAAM (positive arc pressure) and the conventional magnetic field applied hybrid GTAW-based WAAM (positive arc pressure), the negative arc pressure constricted GTAW-based WAAM has the arc attraction effect (negative arc pressure). The negative arc pressure constricted
GTAW-based WAAM has the welding heat, welding force, droplet transfer, and welding momentum-mass-heat transfer over the conventional GTAW-based WAAM (positive arc pressure) and the conventional magnetic field applied hybrid GTAW-based WAAM (positive arc pressure). Under the applied magnetic field, the negative arc pressure is favorable to refine crystal grains through electromagnetic stirring in the GTAW-based
WAAM, thereby improving the weld quality.
[0047] The negative arc pressure constricted GTAW-based WAAM provided by the present disclosure has negative arc pressure. In response to the negative arc pressure in the GTAW-based WAAM, the direction of the arc force is opposite to the direction of the gravitational force at a normal horizontal welding position, which completely differs from the conventional GTAW-based WAAM in which the direction of the arc force is th@,503409 same as (consistent with) the direction of the gravitational force. In technical conditions of the present disclosure, the welding arc plasma moves reversely, such that the welding arc changes a state of a heat flow in the weld pool and shows an absorption on the melt and welding droplets in the weld pool, rather than the positive pressure of the conventional welding arc on the melt in the weld pool. The melt in the weld pool is not dug or repelled but absorbed and supported by the arc, which prevents surface depression, bottom collapse, and narrowing welding pass of the weld pool, avoids undesirable phenomena, such as piling and bumping of solidified metal at a tail of the weld pool due to unsmooth flowing of the melt toward the tail of the weld pool, backflow obstruction of the tail melt, insufficient transfer of the heat flow, etc. in the conventional
GTAW, makes the droplet transfer more stable, and reduces an impact force of the droplets.
[0048] While thermodynamic properties and distribution characteristics of the welding arc changes, the melt in the weld pool changes the state of motion, thereby affecting the solidification of the weld, and shape-performance characteristics in the AM, and achieving the reasonable heat effect, negative arc pressure, stable droplet transfer, stable weld pool and shape-performance control in the negative arc pressure constricted
GTAW-based WAAM.
[0049] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only intended to illustrate, rather than to limit, the technical solution of the present disclosure. Although the present disclosure has been described in detail using the preferred examples, those of ordinary skill in the art should appreciate that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solution of the present disclosure without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present disclosure, and they should be all included in the scope as claimed by the present disclosure.

Claims (9)

CLAIMS LU503409
1. A negative arc pressure constricted gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW)-based additive manufacturing (AM) method, comprising: providing an energization coil outside a welding nozzle or a welding gun to form a longitudinal magnetic field with a centerline parallel or coincident with a centerline of an arc; adjusting an intensity of the longitudinal magnetic field in combination with a parameter of conventional GTAW-based AM, such that the intensity is greater than a critical value to be set in negative arc pressure constricted GTAW-based AM, and taking the intensity greater than the critical value as a target intensity; applying the longitudinal magnetic field with the intensity in line with the target intensity to the arc, such that a direction of an arc force is opposite to a direction of a gravitational force, and the arc force is transformed from a positive pressure to a negative pressure, thereby forming the negative arc pressure constricted GTAW-based AM: and feeding a wire to a welding area at a preset included angle, such that the wire is molten in a welding arc area, and performing GTAW-based wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) under the negative arc pressure, the included angle being an angle between the wire and a welding direction.
2. The negative arc pressure constricted GTAW-based AM method according to claim 1, wherein the energization coil employs a hollow coil; the hollow coil is a helically wound coil; an iron core and a cooling structure are provided in the coil; the cooling structure ensures that the coil works normally under high-temperature welding conditions; the hollow coil is provided outside the welding nozzle or the welding gun, or the hollow coil is integrated with a welding torch or the welding gun to form a compact structure integrated with the applied magnetic field and the welding gun or the welding torch; and an exciting current is applied to the hollow coil to form a longitudinal magnetic field applied hybrid GTAW-based WAAM mode.
3. The negative arc pressure constricted GTAW-based AM method according {9503409 claim 2, wherein the exciting current has an adjustable or settable waveform, direction, frequency, and amplitude, and comprises a direct current (DC), an alternating current (AC), a pulse current, and a variable polarity current.
4. The negative arc pressure constricted GTAW-based AM method according to claim 1, wherein a direction of the longitudinal magnetic field is parallel or coincident with an axial direction of an arc center; and the longitudinal magnetic field is one of an intermittent alternative longitudinal magnetic field, a constant longitudinal magnetic field, a pulsed longitudinal magnetic field, a sinusoidal longitudinal magnetic field, and an alternative longitudinal magnetic field.
5. The negative arc pressure constricted GTAW-based AM method according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4, wherein the intermittent alternative longitudinal magnetic field has a duty ratio of 10-60% and a frequency of 1-30 Hz.
6. The negative arc pressure constricted GTAW-based AM method according to claim 1, wherein the included angle falls into a range of 15° to 80°; the wire is fed to the welding area by paraxial wire feeding; according to performance of a material to be additively manufactured, the wire is fed to the welding area in a hot-wire or a cold-wire manner; and the wire is one of a solid wire, a flux-cored wire, and a powder-cored wire.
7. The negative arc pressure constricted GTAW-based AM method according to claim 1, wherein the GTAW-based AM method has the following process parameters: a tungsten electrode has a diameter of 1.2-6 mm; the AM has a current of 40-450 A, an arc length of 1-4.8 mm, a voltage of 8-65 V, a speed of 10-600 cm/min, a wire diameter of
0.6-4.0 mm, a wire feeding speed of 10-800 cm/min, and an efficiency of 0.1-5 Kg/h; a shielding gas has a flow of 10-80 L/min; the shielding gas is one of 99.99% argon, 99.99% helium, and a mixed gas of the 99.99% argon and the 99.99% helium; and an interlayer temperature in the AM is controlled at 100-400°C.
8. The negative arc pressure constricted GTAW-based AM method according to claim 1, wherein when the AM has a current of 100 A and an arc length of 3 mm, the critical value for the intensity of the applied longitudinal magnetic field is 0.02 T, and an arc pressure at an arc center is 0 Pa; when the AM has a current of 120 A and an arc length of 3 mm, the critical value for the intensity of the applied longitudinal magnetic field is 0.022 T, and an arc pressure at an arc center is 0 Pa; and when the AM has a current of 150 A and an arc length of 3 mm, the critical value for the intensity of the applied longitudinal magnetic field is 0.026 T, and an arc pressure at an arc center is 0 Pa.
9. The negative arc pressure constricted GTAW-based AM method according to claim 1, wherein the arc force of the arc is an attractive force; droplet transfer is implemented under the attractive force of the arc; and the arc is attractive to a weld pool, and is used for AM of a low-carbon steel, an alloy steel, a stainless steel, an armor steel, a bearing steel, a die steel, an aluminum alloy, a titanium alloy, a magnesium alloy, a copper alloy, a high-temperature alloy, a high-entropy alloy, a refractory metal, or a single-crystal material.
LU503409A 2022-04-19 2023-01-31 Negative arc pressure constricted gastungsten arc welding (gtaw)-based additivemanufacturing (am) method LU503409B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202210409841.2A CN114713942B (en) 2022-04-19 2022-04-19 Argon tungsten-arc additive manufacturing method constrained by negative arc pressure

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
LU503409B1 true LU503409B1 (en) 2023-07-31

Family

ID=82243303

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
LU503409A LU503409B1 (en) 2022-04-19 2023-01-31 Negative arc pressure constricted gastungsten arc welding (gtaw)-based additivemanufacturing (am) method

Country Status (2)

Country Link
CN (1) CN114713942B (en)
LU (1) LU503409B1 (en)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115415639A (en) * 2022-09-06 2022-12-02 上海工程技术大学 Surface deposition method based on double-tungsten-electrode coordinated control swing arc
CN115415646A (en) * 2022-09-06 2022-12-02 上海工程技术大学 Preparation method of medium-entropy/high-entropy alloy cladding layer
CN115488540A (en) * 2022-10-11 2022-12-20 江苏理工学院 High-entropy alloy powder-cored welding wire and method for preparing high-entropy alloy coating by arc cladding

Family Cites Families (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1119923C (en) * 1997-07-07 2003-08-27 中国科学院力学研究所 Method and device for generating high-pressure non-balance plasma driven by magnet
JP2003145269A (en) * 2001-11-14 2003-05-20 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd Highly efficient automatic welding equipment
DE10230846A1 (en) * 2002-07-04 2004-01-29 Newfrey Llc, Newark Method and device for arc welding elements on coated components
DE102004039916A1 (en) * 2004-08-18 2006-03-09 Universität Stuttgart Institut für Strahlwerkzeuge Narrow recess production in metal workpiece comprises subjecting workpiece to high energy stream, e.g. electron or laser beam, used in cutting, boring and structuring workpieces with action of Lorenze force and magnetic field on melt
CN101143401B (en) * 2007-10-19 2010-10-20 重庆大学 Moderate and high strength large-thickness component narrow gap or ultra-narrow gap magnetic control jet molten welding method
SK500062013A3 (en) * 2013-03-05 2014-10-03 Ga Drilling, A. S. Electric arc generating, that affects on material (directly, planar, thermally, mechanicaly) and device for generating an electric arc
US20160067811A1 (en) * 2014-09-10 2016-03-10 Beijing University Of Technology Central negative pressure arc welding apparatus and method
CN107745175A (en) * 2017-10-12 2018-03-02 昆山华恒焊接股份有限公司 Electric arc welding method and electric arc welding equipment
CN108436275B (en) * 2018-03-01 2021-07-16 哈尔滨焊接研究院有限公司 Coaxial composite welding method of ultrahigh-power laser and three-tungsten-electrode magnetic control rotating electric field
CN112775551A (en) * 2021-01-27 2021-05-11 哈尔滨焊接研究院有限公司 Ultrahigh-power laser and hollow tungsten electrode composite welding method based on magnetic rotation control technology

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN114713942B (en) 2024-03-08
CN114713942A (en) 2022-07-08

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
LU503409B1 (en) Negative arc pressure constricted gastungsten arc welding (gtaw)-based additivemanufacturing (am) method
Meng et al. High speed TIG–MAG hybrid arc welding of mild steel plate
Singh et al. Dissimilar MIG-CMT weld-brazing of aluminium to steel: A review
Wang et al. Characterization the contribution and limitation of the characteristic processing parameters in cold metal transfer deposition of an Al alloy
Liang et al. Geometrical and microstructural characteristics of the TIG-CMT hybrid welding in 6061 aluminum alloy cladding
Pal et al. Effect of pulse parameters on weld quality in pulsed gas metal arc welding: a review
CN101862913B (en) Electromagnetic current coupling field assisted hybrid melting-brazing method for laser-TIG arc and equipment
CN101862873B (en) Electromagnetic excited TIG arc melting-brazing hybrid welding method and equipment
EP2213401A1 (en) Method of deposition of materials with low ductility using solid free-form fabrication and adjustment of energy beam to provide a controlled cooling of the molten feedstock
Pardal et al. Laser stabilization of GMAW additive manufacturing of Ti-6Al-4V components
Sun et al. Arc characteristics and droplet transfer process in CMT welding with a magnetic field
CN102848058B (en) The method and apparatus of pulsed magnetic field refinement seam organization is used in welding process
CN108247226A (en) A kind of laser weld pools control method based on Lorentz force
CN106987838A (en) Remove the laser cladding apparatus and method of laser cladding layer stomata/field trash
CN101844259B (en) Method and device for performing electric magnetization arc welding-braze welding compounding on dissimilar materials
Zhang et al. Effect of external longitudinal magnetic field on arc plasma characteristics and droplet transfer during laser-MIG hybrid welding
Zhang et al. Welding characteristics of AZ31B magnesium alloy using DC-PMIG welding
Chen et al. Study of high-speed GMAW assisted by compound external magnetic field
Xu et al. Effects of magnetic fields in arc welding, laser welding, and resistance spot welding: a review
Wang et al. Improving spreadability of molten metal in MIG welding-brazing of aluminum to steel by external magnetic field
CN113102891B (en) Method and device for inhibiting aluminum alloy laser-MIG (Metal-inert gas) composite welding collapse by external magnetic field
CN108655568B (en) Equipment and method for magnetic field assisted laser arc hybrid welding of small-diameter thin-walled tube
Song et al. Study on ac-PMIG welding of AZ31B magnesium alloy
CN112975072A (en) Method and system for assisting aluminum alloy/steel dissimilar metal melting and brazing by using additional alternating magnetic field
Kurşun Cold metal transfer (CMT) welding technology

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
FG Patent granted

Effective date: 20230731