CN113667831B - Electroslag remelting device and method for refining electroslag ingot solidification structure through dual power supply coupling - Google Patents

Electroslag remelting device and method for refining electroslag ingot solidification structure through dual power supply coupling Download PDF

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CN113667831B
CN113667831B CN202110974713.8A CN202110974713A CN113667831B CN 113667831 B CN113667831 B CN 113667831B CN 202110974713 A CN202110974713 A CN 202110974713A CN 113667831 B CN113667831 B CN 113667831B
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power supply
crystallizer
electroslag
pulse
remelting
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CN113667831A (en
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施晓芳
常立忠
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Anhui Fukai Special Materials Co ltd
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Anhui University of Technology AHUT
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    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
    • C22B9/16—Remelting metals
    • C22B9/18—Electroslag remelting

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Abstract

The invention discloses an electroslag remelting device and method for thinning an electroslag ingot solidification structure through dual power supply coupling, and belongs to the technical field of special metallurgy. The device comprises a crystallizer and a power supply; the crystallizer can be internally provided with a slag tank and sequentially comprises a first crystallizer and a second crystallizer from top to bottom; the first crystallizer and the second crystallizer are correspondingly arranged and connected in an insulating way; a consumable electrode can be inserted into the first crystallizer and is immersed into the slag bath; in the slag pool, a position corresponding to the insulated connection part of the first crystallizer and the second crystallizer is a first slag pool layer, and the bottom layer of the slag pool is a second slag pool layer; the power supply comprises a power frequency power supply and a pulse power supply; the power frequency power supply connects the consumable electrode with the second slag pool layer; the pulse power supply connects the first slag pool layer with the second slag pool layer. The invention can effectively refine the solidification structure of the electroslag ingot while ensuring the remelting efficiency, thereby improving the solidification quality of the electroslag ingot.

Description

Electroslag remelting device and method for refining electroslag ingot solidification structure through dual power supply coupling
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of special metallurgy, and particularly relates to an electroslag remelting device and method for refining an electroslag ingot solidification structure through dual power supply coupling.
Background
As a special metallurgy method, electroslag remelting plays an important role in producing high-quality materials such as nuclear power steel, high-temperature alloy, special stainless steel and the like. The material after electroslag remelting has the advantages of high purity, compact solidification structure and the like. However, the electroslag remelting method has some problems, such as that since electroslag remelting is similar to directional solidification, relatively large equiaxial crystals are formed, and although the columnar crystals in the electroslag ingot cannot be regarded as the defects of the electroslag ingot, if the columnar crystals can be refined and even changed into the equiaxial crystals, the method is greatly helpful for improving the quality of the electroslag ingot. In addition, as the diameter of the electroslag remelting ingot is increased, the heat conduction formation of the core part is deteriorated, so that a metal melting pool becomes deep, and solidification defects are easily formed.
After retrieval, relevant technical disclosures exist. For example, chinese patent 201610871586.8 discloses a method for controlling the direction of solidification structure of cast ingot by electroslag remelting in a conductive crystallizer, which comprises closing a set current path by a switch, controlling the distribution ratio of current passing through the crystallizer and a bottom water tank, changing the shape and depth of a molten metal bath, and controlling the direction of solidification structure. However, the invention adopts the same power supply, and the adoption of the conductive crystallizer only improves the heat distribution of a slag pool in the crystallizer, and particularly can not change columnar crystals into isometric crystals; meanwhile, the adopted conductive crystallizer does not indicate the structure and the working principle.
As disclosed in chinese utility model 200720010214.2, the crystallizer conductor is made of copper, and the temperature of heavy slag is up to 1700 ℃, so the copper must be cooled by water, and once the water cooling is performed, an insulating slag crust is inevitably formed on the surface of the copper, thereby affecting the conductivity of the copper.
Also, for example, the invention of Chinese patent 201610606343.1 discloses a method for refining and homogenizing a solidification structure of a continuous casting slab, which proposes that in the process of solidifying molten steel, a consumable electrode is continuously fed into the molten steel while pulse current is introduced, the pulse current generates a current sloshing effect, and columnar crystals are broken to form new fine crystal nuclei; when the consumable electrode is continuously fed into the molten steel, the consumable electrode is continuously melted under the high-temperature action of the molten steel, so that the local temperature of the molten steel is reduced, and a large amount of new nucleation particles are generated. In the technology, two consumable electrodes are inserted, the introduced pulse current only flows between the two consumable electrodes, but the pulse current is mainly liquid molten steel at the moment, so that the refining effect is limited, and the real refining effect of the pulse current is in the metal solidification process, so that the refining effect of the patent is limited; meanwhile, the refining effect of the consumable electrode is limited due to the fact that the pulse current is small, once the current is too large, molten steel at the bottom of the consumable electrode can generate more resistance heat, on the contrary, the local temperature can be increased, and the nucleation effect is reduced.
Also, for example, the method disclosed in chinese patent No. 201810294788.X is a method for improving solidification quality of an electroslag remelting steel ingot, in which consumable metal of a metal electrode is inserted into liquid slag of a melting crystallizer during electroslag remelting, an anode of a pulse power supply is connected to the metal electrode, a cathode of the pulse power supply is connected to a bottom water tank, and the pulse power supply is energized to form an electric circuit. Under the action of high-frequency pulse, the metal molten pool generates weak disturbance, which can promote the uniformity of the temperature field of the molten pool, promote the growth of isometric crystal and improve the solidification quality of steel ingots. However, in the electroslag remelting process, the power supply mainly has the function of heating the slag to ensure that the remelting process stably operates, so that the current density introduced through the consumable electrode is extremely high, and the adjustable range is small. Therefore, when the pulse current is used as a power supply to replace the traditional power supply, the requirement of adding slag to ensure the smooth operation of the remelting process must be met besides refining the solidification structure. This method therefore requires a high density of pulsed current and a small adjustable range, while different materials require different current densities, and therefore has some drawbacks.
In summary, although there have been some researches in the prior art for refining the solidification structure of an electroslag ingot by applying a pulse current to an electroslag remelting system, the refining effect is limited, and the use of a pulse power supply for electroslag remelting and refining the solidification structure of an electroslag ingot inevitably leads to the problems of low remelting efficiency or solidification quality. Therefore, in the field of rapid electroslag remelting at present, a new electroslag remelting device or method needs to be invented to improve the remelting efficiency and the quality of an electroslag ingot at the same time, which has important significance for the development of a rapid electroslag technology.
Disclosure of Invention
1. Problems to be solved
Aiming at the problems of low remelting efficiency and poor quality of an electroslag ingot solidification structure of an electroslag remelting technology in the prior art, the invention provides an electroslag remelting device and an electroslag remelting method for thinning an electroslag ingot solidification structure by coupling double power supplies; the industrial frequency power supply and the pulse power supply are designed in the electroslag remelting device and are respectively used for improving the remelting efficiency and refining the solidification structure, so that the problems of low remelting efficiency and poor quality of the solidification structure of an electroslag ingot in the electroslag remelting technology are effectively solved.
2. Technical scheme
In order to solve the problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the invention relates to an electroslag remelting device for a double-power-supply coupling refined electroslag ingot solidification structure, which comprises a crystallizer and a power supply; the crystallizer can be internally provided with a slag tank and sequentially comprises a first crystallizer and a second crystallizer from top to bottom; the first crystallizer and the second crystallizer are correspondingly arranged and connected in an insulating way; a consumable electrode can be inserted into the first crystallizer and is immersed into the slag bath; in the slag pool, a position corresponding to the insulated connection part of the first crystallizer and the second crystallizer is a first slag pool layer, and the bottom layer of the slag pool is a second slag pool layer; the power supply comprises a power frequency power supply and a pulse power supply; the power frequency power supply connects the consumable electrode with the second slag pool layer and is used for providing alternating current for the consumable electrode and the part between the consumable electrode and the second slag pool layer; the pulse power supply is used for connecting the first slag pool layer with the second slag pool layer and providing pulse current for the part between the first slag pool layer and the second slag pool layer.
The slag pool is a molten slag material, so that the first slag pool layer and the second slag pool layer in the slag pool are both conductive layers and are electrically connected with a power supply through a lead to form a power-on loop; in addition, in a subsequent more preferable scheme, a conducting ring is arranged around the first slag pool layer and is connected with a power supply through the conducting ring, and a metal protection plate is arranged at the bottom of the second slag pool layer and is connected with the power supply through the metal protection plate, so that a pulse power supply or a power frequency power supply can be conveniently connected with the first slag pool layer or the second slag pool layer.
Preferably, the waveform of the pulse power supply is a pulse power supply waveform, and the pulse power supply waveform comprises a pulse power-on area and a pulse power-off area; the waveform of the power frequency power supply is a power frequency power supply waveform, and the power frequency power supply waveform comprises a power frequency positive half-wave and a power frequency negative half-wave; the time interval of the pulse power-on area corresponds to the power frequency positive half-wave, and the time interval of the pulse power-off area corresponds to the power frequency negative half-wave.
Preferably, the effective value of the current intensity of the industrial frequency power supply is I8The effective value of the current intensity of the pulse power supply is I9Said I is8+I9At a constant value I in electroslag remeltingGeneral assemblySaid I isGeneral assembly8000A to 20000A. By melting I in electroslag remelting8+I9The proportion of power frequency current and pulse current intensity can be adjusted at will according to different steel types without influencing the current density required in the remelting process, and the normal operation of electroslag remelting is ensured.
Preferably, the pulse frequency of the pulse power supply is 1 kHz-10 kHz, and the duty ratio is 0.1-0.9.
Preferably, a conducting ring is arranged between the first crystallizer and the second crystallizer, and the conducting ring has the same diameter as the first crystallizer and the second crystallizer and is arranged correspondingly; the conducting ring is connected with the first crystallizer through a first insulating ring and connected with the second crystallizer through a second insulating ring; and the positive electrode of the pulse power supply is connected with the first slag bath layer through the conducting ring.
Preferably, the first crystallizer, the second crystallizer and the conducting ring are cylindrical, and the diameters of the first crystallizer, the second crystallizer and the conducting ring are the same and are coaxially arranged.
Preferably, the bottom of the second crystallizer is also provided with a bottom water tank, and the top of the bottom water tank is provided with a metal protection plate; and the negative electrode of the pulse power supply is connected with the second slag pool layer through a metal protection plate.
Preferably, the material of the first and second insulating rings includes MgO — Al2O3A composite material; the MgO-Al2O3The MgO content in the composite material is 70-80%, wherein Al2O3The content is 20-30%.
The invention discloses an electroslag remelting method for refining an electroslag ingot solidification structure through dual power supply coupling, which is based on an electroslag remelting device for refining the electroslag ingot solidification structure through dual power supply coupling, and comprises the following specific operation methods:
(1) placing a metal protection plate on the bottom water tank, welding an arc striking block on the metal protection plate, then placing the crystallizer on the metal protection plate and covering the arc striking block in the crystallizer;
(2) pouring the remelting slag into a crystallizer to form a slag pool, quickly inserting a consumable electrode into the slag pool, and starting a power frequency power supply and a pulse power supply in sequence to start remelting;
(3) and when the electroslag ingot reaches the preset height, closing the pulse power supply and the power frequency power supply in sequence to finish remelting.
Preferably, the metal protection plate comprises a steel plate, the thickness of the steel plate is 15 mm-30 mm, and the outer diameter of the steel plate is the same as that of the bottom water tank.
Preferably, the arc striking block is made of the same material as the remelted consumable electrode, the diameter of the arc striking block is 0.1 time of the inner diameter of the crystallizer, and the height of the arc striking block is 50 mm-100 mm.
Preferably, after the power frequency power supply is turned on in the step (2), the current intensity effective value I of the power frequency power supply is obtained8Reach a constant value IGeneral assemblyThen, the pulse power supply is turned on, and the current intensity effective value I of the pulse power supply is gradually increased after the pulse power supply is turned on9While reducing I8So that I8+I9＝IGeneral assembly。
Preferably, when the electroslag ingot in the step (3) reaches a predetermined height, I is gradually reduced9To the pulse power supply cut-off and at the same time gradually increase I8So that I8+I9＝IGeneral assembly。
3. Advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention relates to an electroslag remelting device for a double-power-supply coupling refined electroslag ingot solidification structure, which comprises a crystallizer and a power supply; the crystallizer can be internally provided with a slag tank and sequentially comprises a first crystallizer and a second crystallizer from top to bottom; the first crystallizer and the second crystallizer are correspondingly arranged and connected in an insulating way; a consumable electrode can be inserted into the first crystallizer and is immersed into the slag bath; in the slag pool, a position corresponding to the insulated connection part of the first crystallizer and the second crystallizer is a first slag pool layer, and the bottom layer of the slag pool is a second slag pool layer; the power supply comprises a power frequency power supply and a pulse power supply; the power frequency power supply connects the consumable electrode with the second slag pool layer and is used for providing alternating current for the consumable electrode and the part between the consumable electrode and the second slag pool layer; the pulse power supply is used for connecting the first slag pool layer with the second slag pool layer and providing pulse current for the part between the first slag pool layer and the second slag pool layer; through the arrangement, the power frequency power supply provides alternating current between the consumable electrode and the second slag pool layer, so that the effective operation of an electroslag remelting process in the slag pool is ensured, the pulse power supply provides pulse current between the first slag pool layer and the second slag pool layer, and when the pulse current passes through a two-phase zone between the metal melting pool and an electroslag ingot, dendritic crystals in a solidification process are broken due to the vibration effect generated by the electric pulse, so that the isometric crystal proportion is improved, and a solidification structure is refined; therefore, the invention can adjust the current density required by electroslag remelting and the current density required by the refined solidification structure part according to different materials, and simultaneously improve the remelting efficiency and refine the solidification structure.
(2) The invention discloses an electroslag remelting method for refining an electroslag ingot solidification structure through dual power supply coupling, which is based on an electroslag remelting device for refining the electroslag ingot solidification structure through dual power supply coupling, and comprises the following specific operation methods: placing a metal protection plate on the bottom water tank, welding an arc striking block on the metal protection plate, then placing the crystallizer on the metal protection plate and covering the arc striking block in the crystallizer; pouring the remelting slag into a crystallizer to form a slag pool, quickly inserting a consumable electrode into the slag pool, and starting a power frequency power supply and a pulse power supply in sequence to start remelting; when the electroslag ingot reaches the preset height, closing the pulse power supply and the power frequency power supply in sequence to finish remelting; by the method, the electroslag remelting can be quickly and efficiently realized, and an electroslag ingot with high equiaxed crystal proportion and refined solidification structure is formed.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of remelting start of an electroslag remelting device for coupling and refining an electroslag ingot solidification structure by two power supplies;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a normal remelting process of an electroslag remelting device for coupling and refining an electroslag ingot solidification structure by two power supplies;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the correspondence between the power frequency power waveform and the pulse power waveform;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the distribution of elements of an electroslag ingot produced in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing the start of remelting in an electroslag remelting apparatus used in comparative example 1;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing a normal remelting process in an electroslag remelting apparatus used in comparative example 1;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing the element distribution of an electroslag ingot prepared in comparative example 1.
In the figure:
100. a consumable electrode; 110. a slag pool; 111. a first slag bath layer; 112. a second slag pool layer; 120. a molten metal bath; 130. electroslag ingot; 140. an arc striking block;
200. a first crystallizer;
300. a first insulating ring;
400. conducting rings;
500. a second insulating ring;
600. a second crystallizer;
700. a bottom water tank; 710. a metal protection plate;
800. a power frequency power supply; 810. power frequency power supply waveform; 811. a power frequency positive half wave; 812. power frequency negative half-wave;
900. a pulse power supply; 910. a pulsed power waveform; 911. a pulse electrifying area; 912. a pulse power-off region.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of exemplary embodiments of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings, which form a part hereof, and in which are shown by way of illustration exemplary embodiments in which the invention may be practiced, and in which features of the invention are identified by reference numerals. The following more detailed description of the embodiments of the invention is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is presented for purposes of illustration only and not limitation to describe the features and characteristics of the invention, to set forth the best mode of carrying out the invention, and to sufficiently enable one skilled in the art to practice the invention. It will, however, be understood that various modifications and changes may be made without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims. The detailed description and drawings are to be regarded in an illustrative rather than a restrictive sense, and any such modifications and variations, if any, are intended to fall within the scope of the invention as described herein. Furthermore, the background is intended to be illustrative of the state of the art as developed and the meaning of the present technology and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention or the application and field of application of the invention.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs; the terminology used herein in the description of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention; as used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present; when an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present; the terms "one pole," "another pole," "top," "bottom," and the like are used herein for illustrative purposes only.
The invention is further described with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
The embodiment provides an electroslag remelting device for refining an electroslag ingot solidification structure through dual power supply coupling, which comprises a crystallizer, a power supply and a bottom water tank 700, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2. The crystallizer is arranged on the bottom water tank 700, and the bottom water tank 700 is used for providing cold energy for the crystallizer to solidify metal to form an electroslag ingot 130; the top of the bottom water tank 700 is provided with a metal protection plate 710, and the metal protection plate 710 is a 45 # steel plate with a thickness of 20mm in the embodiment.
The diameter of the crystallizer is 500mm, and the crystallizer sequentially comprises a first crystallizer 200, a conducting ring 400 and a second crystallizer 600 from top to bottom; the first crystallizer 200, the conductive ring 400 and the second crystallizer 600 have the same diameter and are arranged corresponding to each other. In this embodiment, the first crystallizer 200, the conducting ring 400 and the second crystallizer 600 are all cylindrical, the first crystallizer 200 and the conducting ring 400 are connected in an insulating manner, and the conducting ring 400 and the second crystallizer 600 are connected in an insulating manner; the specific insulation connection mode is as follows: a first insulating ring 300 is disposed between the first crystallizer 200 and the conductive ring 400, a second insulating ring 500 is disposed between the conductive ring 400 and the second crystallizer 600, and the materials of the first insulating ring 300 and the second insulating ring 500 include MgO — Al2O3Composite material of said MgO-Al2O3The MgO content in the composite material is 75 percent, wherein Al2O3The content is 25%. MakingIn another embodiment of the present invention, the MgO-Al2O3The MgO content in the composite material is 70 percent, wherein Al2O3The content is 30 percent; or wherein the MgO content is 80%, wherein Al2O3The content is 20%. The first crystallizer 200 and the second crystallizer 600 in this embodiment both use conventional copper; the conductive ring 400 may be made of highly pure conductive graphite, copper, or an inert metal such as platinum that does not participate in the remelting and crystallization processes.
In this embodiment, the crystallizer can contain a slag bath 110, a consumable electrode 100 can be inserted into the first crystallizer 200 and submerged into the slag bath 110, and the diameter of the consumable electrode 100 is 350 mm; in the slag bath 110, a position corresponding to the insulated connection between the first crystallizer 200 and the second crystallizer 600 is a first slag bath layer 111, and the bottom layer of the slag bath 110 is a second slag bath layer 112. It should be noted that the second slag bath layer 112 may change during the electroslag remelting process, for example, before remelting starts, the mold does not contain molten metal, so when remelting slag is poured into the mold, the second slag bath layer 112 is the bottom layer of the slag bath 110, i.e., the slag bath 110 at the position corresponding to the bottom end of the second mold 600; when the remelting starts, the bottom end of the second crystallizer 600 gradually forms the electroslag ingot 130, so that the second slag layer 112 is the bottom end of the electroslag ingot 130, i.e., the position where the electroslag ingot 130 is connected to the metal protection plate 710. Therefore, according to the position change of the second slag bath layer 112, the energizing loop formed by the commercial power supply 800 and the pulse power supply 900 is also changed. For example, before remelting begins, the power supply circuit of the industrial frequency power supply 800 comprises the consumable electrode 100 and the whole slag bath 110, and the power supply circuit of the pulse power supply 900 comprises the slag bath 110 between the first slag bath layer 111 and the second slag bath layer 112; after the remelting starts and an electroslag ingot 130 is formed at the bottom of the crystallizer, the power supply loop of the power frequency power supply 800 comprises the consumable electrode 100, the entire slag bath 110, the metal melting bath 120, the electroslag ingot 130 and the two-phase region between the metal melting bath 120 and the electroslag ingot 130, and the power supply loop of the pulse power supply 900 comprises the slag bath 110, the metal melting bath 120 and the electroslag ingot 130 in the portion between the first slag bath layer 111 and the metal melting bath 120.
The power supply comprises a power frequency power supply 800 and a pulse power supply 900. One pole of the industrial frequency power supply 800 is connected with the consumable electrode 100, and the other pole is connected with the second slag pool layer 112 through the metal protection plate 710, and is used for providing alternating current for the consumable electrode 100 and the part between the consumable electrode 100 and the second slag pool layer 112. The positive pole of the pulse power source 900 is connected with the first slag pool layer 111 through the conductive ring 400, and the negative pole of the pulse power source is connected with the second slag pool layer 112 through the metal protection plate 710, so as to provide pulse current to the part between the first slag pool layer 111 and the second slag pool layer 112. As shown in fig. 3, the waveform of the pulse power supply 900 is a pulse power supply waveform 910, and the pulse power supply waveform 910 includes a pulse power-on region 911 and a pulse power-off region 912; the waveform of the power frequency power supply 800 is a power frequency power supply waveform 810, the power frequency power supply waveform 810 in the embodiment takes a sine waveform as an example, and the power frequency power supply waveform 810 comprises a power frequency positive half-wave 811 and a power frequency negative half-wave 812; the time interval of the pulse power-on region 911 corresponds to a power frequency positive half-wave 811, and the time interval of the pulse power-off region 912 corresponds to a power frequency negative half-wave 812; by designing the waveforms of the pulse power supply 900 and the power frequency power supply 800 and the corresponding forms between the two, the effective pulse micro-vibration effect can be provided for the two-phase region between the metal melting bath 120 and the electroslag ingot 130, and meanwhile, the remelting efficiency is ensured. The effective value of the current intensity of the power frequency power supply 800 is I8The effective value of the current intensity of the pulse power source 900 is I9Said I is8+I9In this embodiment, the value of electroslag remelting is a constant value IGeneral assembly10000A; wherein the pulse frequency of the pulse power source 900 is 2kHz and the duty ratio thereof is set to 0.85.
It should be noted that the insulating connection between the first crystallizer 200 and the second crystallizer 600 is to prevent the current from directly flowing through the crystallizers when the pulse power source 900 is powered on and short-circuiting the electroslag remelting region, which further affects the remelting efficiency and the effect of pulse micro-vibration. According to the invention, the conducting ring 400 is arranged at the insulated connection position of the first crystallizer 200 and the second crystallizer 600 and is connected with the first slag bath layer 111 through the conducting ring 400, so that when the pulse power supply 900 is electrified, the pulse micro-vibration region can be accurately controlled in the two-phase region between the metal melting bath 120 and the electroslag ingot 130, the purpose of accurately refining the solidification structure is achieved, and the solidification quality of the electroslag ingot 130 is improved.
The embodiment also provides an electroslag remelting method for refining an electroslag ingot solidification structure through dual power coupling, wherein the remelting steel of the embodiment is GCr15 bearing steel, based on the electroslag remelting device for refining the electroslag ingot solidification structure through dual power coupling, a consumable electrode 100 introduces the current of a power frequency power supply 800 into a remelting process, a conducting ring 400 between a first crystallizer 200 and a second crystallizer 600 introduces the current of a pulse power supply 900 into the remelting process, the power frequency power supply 800 and the pulse power supply 900 form two independent loops, and the consumable electrode 100 is melted and re-solidified to obtain an electroslag ingot 130 with high solidification quality, and the specific operation method is as follows:
(1) before remelting starts, the frequency of a pulse power supply 900 is set to be 2kHz, and the duty ratio is set to be 0.85; placing a No. 45 steel plate with the thickness of 20mm on a bottom water tank 700, welding a GCr15 steel block with the diameter of 50mm and the height of 50mm on the steel plate, then placing a crystallizer on the steel plate, covering the GCr15 steel block in the crystallizer, and enabling the steel plate to be in complete contact with the bottom of the crystallizer;
(2) firstly, melting remelting slag outside a furnace, then pouring the remelting slag into a crystallizer to form a slag pool 110, quickly inserting a consumable electrode 100 into the slag pool 110, and at the moment, firstly turning on a power frequency power supply 800, turning off a pulse power supply 900 and beginning remelting; the effective value I of the current intensity of the power frequency power supply 800 is stable in the remelting process8After the constant value 10000A set by the embodiment is reached, the pulse power supply 900 is turned on, and the current intensity effective value I of the pulse power supply 900 is gradually increased9To 3000A, and simultaneously, the current intensity effective value I of the industrial frequency power supply 800 is gradually reduced8To 7000A, in the process guarantee I8+I9＝10000A；
(3) When the electroslag ingot 130 reaches a predetermined height, the effective value I of the current intensity of the pulse power source 900 is gradually reduced9Until the power is cut off, the current intensity effective value I of the power frequency power supply 800 is gradually increased8To 10000A, and then carrying out a conventional feeding process until remelting is finished.
After the electroslag remelting operation, the finally formed electroslag ingot 130 is uniform in components, the solidification structure of the electroslag ingot 130 is refined, and the solidification quality is effectively improved. As shown in fig. 4, the distribution of C element in the electroslag ingot 130 can be found to be relatively uniform.
Comparative example 1
The comparative example provides a conventional electroslag remelting device and a conventional electroslag remelting method, the remelting steel of the comparative example is GCr15 bearing steel, the size of the crystallizer and the consumable electrode 100 used in the comparative example is basically the same as that of the embodiment 1, and the main difference is that the pulse power supply 900 and the conducting ring 400 are removed. The general structure is shown in fig. 5 and 6, and the specific operation method comprises the following steps:
(1) before remelting, a No. 45 steel plate with the thickness of 20mm is placed on a bottom water tank 700, a GCr15 steel block with the diameter of 50mm and the height of 50mm is welded on the steel plate, then a crystallizer is placed on the steel plate, and the GCr15 steel block is covered in the crystallizer, so that the steel plate is completely contacted with the bottom of the crystallizer;
(2) firstly, melting remelting slag outside a furnace, then pouring the remelting slag into a crystallizer to form a slag pool 110, quickly inserting a consumable electrode 100 into the slag pool 110, and starting a power frequency power supply 800 to perform remelting; when the remelting process is stable, the effective value of the current intensity of the power frequency power supply 800 is gradually increased to a set constant value, and normal remelting is started;
(3) when the electroslag ingot 130 reaches a predetermined height, a conventional feeding process is performed until remelting is completed.
After the electroslag remelting operation, as shown in fig. 7, the finally formed electroslag ingot 130 has disordered element distribution, poor uniformity, and poor solidification quality of the electroslag ingot 130.
Comparing example 1 with comparative example 1, it can be seen that the electroslag remelting apparatus and method for preventing segregation of remelted alloy of the present invention can simultaneously improve the electroslag remelting efficiency and the solidification quality of the formed electroslag ingot.
More specifically, although exemplary embodiments of the invention have been described herein, the invention is not limited to these embodiments, but includes any and all embodiments modified, omitted, combined, e.g., between various embodiments, adapted and/or substituted, as would be recognized by those skilled in the art from the foregoing detailed description. The limitations in the claims are to be interpreted broadly based the language employed in the claims and not limited to examples described in the foregoing detailed description or during the prosecution of the application, which examples are to be construed as non-exclusive. Any steps recited in any method or process claims may be executed in any order and are not limited to the order presented in the claims. The scope of the invention should, therefore, be determined only by the appended claims and their legal equivalents, rather than by the descriptions and examples given above.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. In case of conflict, the present specification, including definitions, will control. When "diameter, magnetic field strength, frequency, current, thickness, height, or other value or parameter is expressed as a range, preferred range, or as a range defined by a list of upper preferable values and lower preferable values, this is to be understood as specifically disclosing all ranges formed from any pair of any upper range limit or preferred value and any lower range limit or preferred value, regardless of whether ranges are separately disclosed. For example, a range of 1 to 50 should be understood to include any number, combination of numbers, or subrange selected from 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, or 50, and all fractional values between the above integers, e.g., 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, and 1.9. With respect to sub-ranges, specifically consider "nested sub-ranges" that extend from any endpoint within the range. For example, nested sub-ranges of exemplary ranges 1-50 may include 1-10, 1-20, 1-30, and 1-40 in one direction, or 50-40, 50-30, 50-20, and 50-10 in another direction. ".

Claims (10)

1. An electroslag remelting device for refining an electroslag ingot solidification structure through dual power supply coupling is characterized by comprising a crystallizer and a power supply;
the crystallizer can be used for containing a slag pool (110), and comprises a first crystallizer (200) and a second crystallizer (600) from top to bottom in sequence; the first crystallizer (200) and the second crystallizer (600) are correspondingly arranged and connected in an insulating way; the first crystallizer (200) can be inserted with a consumable electrode (100) and submerged in a slag bath (110); in the slag pool (110), a position corresponding to the insulated connection part of the first crystallizer (200) and the second crystallizer (600) is a first slag pool layer (111), and the bottom layer of the slag pool (110) is a second slag pool layer (112);
the power supply comprises a power frequency power supply (800) and a pulse power supply (900); the power frequency power supply (800) is used for connecting the consumable electrode (100) with the second slag pool layer (112) and supplying alternating current to the consumable electrode (100) and the part between the consumable electrode (100) and the second slag pool layer (112); the pulse power supply (900) is used for connecting the first slag pool layer (111) with the second slag pool layer (112) and supplying pulse current to the part between the first slag pool layer (111) and the second slag pool layer (112).
2. The electroslag remelting device for refining electroslag ingot solidification structure through dual power supply coupling according to claim 1, wherein the waveform of the pulse power supply (900) is a pulse power supply waveform (910), and the pulse power supply waveform (910) comprises a pulse power-on region (911) and a pulse power-off region (912); the waveform of the power frequency power supply (800) is a power frequency power supply waveform (810), and the power frequency power supply waveform (810) comprises a power frequency positive half-wave (811) and a power frequency negative half-wave (812); the time interval of the pulse power-on region (911) corresponds to a power frequency positive half wave (811), and the time interval of the pulse power-off region (912) corresponds to a power frequency negative half wave (812).
3. The electroslag remelting device for double power supply coupling refined electroslag ingot solidification structure according to claim 2, wherein the effective value of the current intensity of the power frequency power supply (800) is I8The effective value of the current intensity of the pulse power supply (900) is I9The said I8+I9At electroslag remelting to a constant value IGeneral (1)SaidIGeneral assembly＝8000A～20000A。
4. The electroslag remelting device for double power supply coupling refined electroslag ingot solidification structure according to claim 2, wherein the pulse frequency of the pulse power supply (900) is 1 kHz-10 kHz, and the duty ratio is 0.1-0.9.
5. The electroslag remelting device for double power supply coupling refined electroslag ingot solidification structure according to claim 1, wherein a conducting ring (400) is arranged between the first crystallizer (200) and the second crystallizer (600), and the conducting ring (400) has the same diameter as the first crystallizer (200) and the second crystallizer (600) and is arranged correspondingly; the conductive ring (400) is connected with the first crystallizer (200) through a first insulating ring (300), and the conductive ring (400) is connected with the second crystallizer (600) through a second insulating ring (500); the positive electrode of the pulse power supply (900) is connected with the first slag pool layer (111) through the conducting ring (400).
6. The electroslag remelting device for double power supply coupling refined electroslag ingot solidification structure according to claim 5, wherein a bottom water tank (700) is further arranged at the bottom of the second crystallizer (600), and a metal protection plate (710) is arranged at the top of the bottom water tank (700); and the negative electrode of the pulse power supply (900) is connected with the second slag pool layer (112) through a metal protection plate (710).
7. The electroslag remelting device for refining electroslag ingot solidification structure through dual power supply coupling according to claim 5, wherein the materials of the first insulating ring (300) and the second insulating ring (500) comprise MgO-Al2O3A composite material; the MgO-Al2O3The MgO content in the composite material is 70-80%, wherein Al2O3The content is 20-30%.
8. An electroslag remelting method for a dual-power coupling refined electroslag ingot solidification structure is characterized in that the device for electroslag remelting for a dual-power coupling refined electroslag ingot solidification structure is based on any one of claims 1 to 7, and the specific operation method is as follows:
(1) placing a metal protection plate (710) on the bottom water tank (700), welding an arc guiding block (140) on the metal protection plate (710), then placing a crystallizer on the metal protection plate (710) and covering the arc guiding block (140) in the crystallizer;
(2) pouring the remelting slag into a crystallizer to form a slag pool (110), quickly inserting a consumable electrode (100) into the slag pool (110), and starting a power frequency power supply (800) and a pulse power supply (900) in sequence to start remelting;
(3) and when the electroslag ingot (130) reaches the preset height, closing the pulse power supply (900) and the power frequency power supply (800) in sequence to finish remelting.
9. The electroslag remelting method for refining an electroslag ingot solidification structure through double power supply coupling according to claim 8, wherein the metal protection plate (710) comprises a steel plate, the thickness of the steel plate is 15-30 mm, and the outer diameter of the steel plate is the same as that of the bottom water tank (700); the arc ignition block (140) is made of the same material as the remelting consumable electrode (100), the diameter of the arc ignition block is 0.1 time of the inner diameter of the crystallizer, and the height of the arc ignition block is 50 mm-100 mm.
10. The electroslag remelting method for refining electroslag ingot solidification structure through dual power supply coupling according to claim 8, wherein after the power frequency power supply (800) is started in the step (2), an effective value I of current intensity of the power frequency power supply (800) is obtained8Reach a constant value IGeneral (1)Then, the pulse power supply (900) is turned on, and the current intensity effective value I of the pulse power supply (900) is gradually increased after the pulse power supply (900) is turned on9While reducing I8So that I8+I9＝IGeneral assembly；
When the electroslag ingot (130) in the step (3) reaches a preset height, gradually reducing I9To the pulsed power supply (900) while gradually increasing I8So that I8+I9＝IGeneral assembly。
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US3665081A (en) * 1969-06-16 1972-05-23 Boris Evgenicvich Paton Apparatus for electroslag remelting of consumable electrodes
GB1389683A (en) * 1972-03-28 1975-04-03 Chuvashsky G Uni Im In Ulyanov Control of electrosmelting
CN102021348B (en) * 2010-12-20 2012-06-27 钢铁研究总院 Vacuum/gas shield electroslag remelting continuous directional solidification device and method
CN106801146B (en) * 2016-12-29 2019-03-22 东北大学 A kind of method that electroslag remelting prepares nickel base superalloy hollow steel ingot
CN107262686B (en) * 2017-06-21 2019-01-29 东北大学 A kind of device and method preparing compound steel ingot
CN108251655A (en) * 2018-04-04 2018-07-06 马鞍山华盛冶金科技发展有限公司 A kind of smelting apparatus for improving electroslag remelting steel ingot Solidification Quality

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