CN112974845A - Discontinuous laser additive manufacturing method for metal component - Google Patents
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- CN112974845A CN112974845A CN202110178532.4A CN202110178532A CN112974845A CN 112974845 A CN112974845 A CN 112974845A CN 202110178532 A CN202110178532 A CN 202110178532A CN 112974845 A CN112974845 A CN 112974845A
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000531 Co alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
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- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 12
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- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
- B33Y50/02—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of metal component additive manufacturing, in particular to a discontinuous laser additive manufacturing method for a metal component. The method utilizes a laser light source of the traditional additive manufacturing to carry out discontinuous laser energy input in the forming process. With this discontinuous energy input, the component is shaped in a "dot" by dot rather than in a "line". The method can ensure the uniformity of the temperature field of the laser molten pool, reduce the thermal stress in the additive manufacturing process of the component, has strong applicability, can be used for additive manufacturing of metal components and remanufacturing of the components, and is easy to popularize.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention relates to the field of metal component additive manufacturing, in particular to a discontinuous laser additive manufacturing method for a metal component.
Background art:
the laser additive manufacturing technology is a new advanced manufacturing technology in recent years. The technology mainly comprises two directions of a Laser Melting Deposition technology (LMD) which is mainly characterized by coaxial powder feeding and a Selective Laser Melting technology (SLM) which is mainly characterized by powder bed laying. Although the above two directions differ in the manner of material addition, their basic principles are similar. Namely: the solidification and accumulation of 'one-by-one lap joint' and 'layer-by-layer melting' are completed through high-power laser long-time scanning and in-situ metallurgical melting, and the direct near-net forming manufacturing of the three-dimensional complex part from a digital model to the preparation of a fully-compact and high-performance component is realized. Compared with the traditional casting, forging and other technologies, the technology has the characteristics of no need of a tool die, few preparation procedures, fine crystal grains, uniform components and the like, and has huge development potential and wide development prospect in the manufacturing field of high-end major equipment such as aerospace, nuclear power, petrifaction and ships.
However, when the laser additive manufacturing technology is used for preparing titanium-based alloy, nickel-based alloy or iron-based alloy which is difficult to weld, cracks often appear in the alloy, and the popularization and application of the additive manufacturing technology are seriously influenced. Numerous scholars have conducted extensive research efforts in material composition adjustment and additive manufacturing forming process optimization in an attempt to eliminate cracks. The adjustment of material components involves many factors, a new material needs long-time verification from component determination to engineering application, and the optimization of the additive manufacturing forming process is relatively simple at the present stage. In the aspect of additive manufacturing process optimization, technological parameters such as laser power, scanning path, powder laying thickness/powder feeding amount and the like are paid extensive attention, and the influence of the technological parameters on a temperature field and a stress field in the metal member forming process and the influence on alloy microstructure and mechanical property are mainly discussed. The existing research is mainly focused on the continuous laser additive manufacturing aspect.
The invention content is as follows:
the invention aims to provide a discontinuous laser additive manufacturing method for a metal component, which is used for ensuring the uniformity of a temperature field of a laser molten pool and reducing the content of defects such as pores, microcracks and the like in the component.
In order to realize the purpose of the invention, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a discontinuous laser additive manufacturing method for a metal component comprises the following specific steps:
the method comprises the steps of firstly, preparing a metal substrate with a certain size and metal powder for additive manufacturing; secondly, slicing and scanning path planning are carried out on a digital model of the component to be formed by using slicing software; thirdly, changing laser energy input into discontinuous input according to the planned scanning path; and fourthly, performing laser additive manufacturing.
According to the discontinuous laser additive manufacturing method for the metal component, in the forming process of laser additive manufacturing, laser energy is input discontinuously, namely when a laser beam moves to a certain position in a scanning path, the laser beam is opened, the positions of the laser beam and a molten pool are unchanged when the laser beam acts on the molten pool, after the molten pool is fully melted, the laser beam is closed, and then the laser beam moves to the next molten pool position; at the moment, the laser beam is switched on, and the molten pool is continuously melted until the laser beam is switched off and moves to a third molten pool position; and circulating the steps until the component additive manufacturing is completed.
The discontinuous laser additive manufacturing method of the metal component is characterized in that discontinuous laser beams are adopted to carry out point-by-point melting according to a pre-planned scanning path, and then the laser additive manufacturing method of the metal component is carried out through the way-by-way lapping and the layer-by-layer melting.
According to the discontinuous laser additive manufacturing method for the metal component, the pre-planned scanning path refers to that existing layering software is adopted to conduct layering processing on the formed component, and the scanning path is planned.
In the discontinuous laser additive manufacturing method for the metal component, the discontinuous laser beam carries out point-by-point melting, namely, in the forming process, laser energy is input discontinuously, namely when the laser beam moves to a certain position in a scanning path, the laser beam is opened, the positions of the laser beam and a molten pool are unchanged, after the molten pool is fully melted, the laser beam is closed, and then the laser beam moves to the next molten pool position; at the moment, the laser beam is switched on again, and the molten pool is continuously melted until the laser beam is switched off and moves to a third molten pool position; and the steps are circulated until a certain pass in the scanning path is completed.
The discontinuous laser additive manufacturing method of the metal component comprises the steps of performing the next-pass forming according to a certain pass overlapping rate, performing the point-by-point melting on each pass until the forming of a certain layer is completed, and then scanning the next layer until the whole component is formed.
The discontinuous laser additive manufacturing method for the metal component is characterized in that the metal is titanium-based alloy, nickel-based alloy, iron-based alloy or cobalt-based alloy.
The technical principle of the invention is as follows:
the invention mainly aims at the laser additive manufacturing of metal components, parts in the additive manufacturing process of the components are subjected to supernormal physical metallurgy phenomena such as periodic violent and unsteady states of high-energy laser beams, cyclic heating and cooling, rapid solidification shrinkage of a moving molten pool under strong constraint and the like for a long time, a higher stress level is generated in the components, and the components are easy to deform and crack. Such stress levels are closely related to the thermophysical properties of the material, which are difficult to change after determining from its composition, the mechanical properties and the evolution of the temperature field during additive manufacturing. Therefore, if one wants to eliminate cracks in a component, it is most effective to control the temperature field during the additive manufacturing process, which in turn affects the stress field of the component.
Compared with the continuous laser input, the discontinuous laser input has the advantages that under the same laser power and action time, the heat accumulation is relatively small, the temperature gradient between the molten pool and the formed part is small, the thermal stress is relatively small, and the control of the initiation of micro cracks in the component is facilitated. Meanwhile, the discontinuous laser input can ensure that the depth-to-width ratio and the length-to-width ratio of the laser molten pool are large, is beneficial to filling the melt with loose solidification regions at the bottom of the molten pool after grain boundary or dendrite spacing, and improves the strength between the grain boundary and the dendrite spacing.
The invention has the advantages and beneficial effects that:
1. by adopting the discontinuous laser input provided by the invention to perform additive manufacturing on the metal member, the thermal stress in the member can be reduced, the crack formation tendency is further reduced, and the improvement of the additive manufacturing technology of the difficult-to-weld metal material is promoted.
2. The invention has simple realization process and is beneficial to industrial production.
3. The method is suitable for additive manufacturing and remanufacturing of metal components.
Description of the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a discontinuous laser input structure.
FIGS. 2(a) -2 (b) are graphs comparing thermal stresses generated by a discontinuous laser input and a continuous laser input. Fig. 2(a) shows discontinuous laser input, and fig. 2(b) shows continuous laser input.
Fig. 3(a) -3 (b) are object diagrams of components remanufactured by the discontinuous laser input method. Wherein, fig. 3(a) is the macro topography of the front surface of the repaired component, and fig. 3(b) is the macro topography of the side surface of the repaired component.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
in the specific implementation process, the method adopts discontinuous laser beams to perform point-by-point melting according to a pre-planned scanning path, then performs track-by-track lapping and layer-by-layer melting, and finally performs laser additive manufacturing on the metal component. The pre-planned scanning path means that the formed component is subjected to layering treatment by adopting the existing layering software, and the scanning path is planned.
The discontinuous laser beam carries out point-by-point melting, namely, in the forming process, laser energy is input discontinuously, namely when the laser beam moves to a certain position in a scanning path, the laser beam is opened, the positions of the laser beam and a molten pool are unchanged, after the molten pool is fully melted, the laser beam is closed, and then the laser beam moves to the next molten pool position. At this point, the laser beam is turned on again, continuing to melt the molten pool until the laser beam is turned off and moved to a third molten pool position. And the steps are circulated until a certain pass in the scanning path is completed.
The step-by-step lap joint and the layer-by-layer melting are that the next step of forming is carried out according to a certain step lap joint rate, and the forming of each step is carried out according to the point-by-point melting mode until the forming of a certain layer is finished. The next layer is then scanned until the entire component is formed.
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and examples:
example 1:
in this embodiment 1, a GH4169 superalloy overcurrent valve body test piece is remanufactured by a discontinuous laser additive manufacturing technology, and the process is as follows:
(1) preparation of damaged flow valve body and metal powder for additive manufacturing: when the overflowing valve body to be repaired is subjected to cleaning treatment, decaying tissues such as an oxide layer and the like near the defect can be thoroughly removed by a mechanical method, and the inner metal surface is exposed. Preparing GH4169 alloy powder by adopting an inert gas atomization technology, and screening out alloy powder with the particle size of 53-105 microns for later use;
(2) determination of basic process parameters of alloy laser additive manufacturing: and slicing and scanning path planning are carried out on UG or CAD digital models describing the three-dimensional shape of the region to be repaired by using slicing software such as Magics and the like. When the scanning path is planned, laser energy needs to be input discontinuously (see fig. 1), namely when the laser beam moves to a certain position in the scanning path, the laser beam is opened, the positions of the laser beam and a molten pool are unchanged at the moment, after the molten pool is fully melted, the laser beam is closed, and then the laser beam moves to the next molten pool position. At this point, the laser beam is turned on again, continuing to melt the molten pool until the laser beam is turned off and moved to a third molten pool position. And circulating the steps until the repair of the component is completed. In order to obtain the optimized basic process parameters for manufacturing the GH4169 alloy, an orthogonal experiment method is adopted to obtain the influence rule of various process parameters including laser power, laser working time, laser closing time, powder feeding amount, distance between a point and a point, layer thickness and the like on the microstructure and metallurgical defects of a forming layer, and further determine the specific process parameters for forming the GH4169 alloy.
In the embodiment, the diameter of the laser beam is 0.6-2.0 mm, the laser power is 800-1600 w, the laser working time is 0.1-0.3 s, the laser closing time is 0.1-0.6 s, the powder feeding amount is 10-20 g/min, the distance between a point and a point is 0.5-1.5 mm, and the layer thickness is 0.2-1.0 mm.
As shown in fig. 2(a) -2 (b), it can be seen from the thermal stress graphs generated by the discontinuous laser input and the continuous laser input that the thermal stress generated by the discontinuous laser input is smaller than that generated by the continuous laser input (shown in fig. 2 b) under the condition of the same heat input amount. The smaller thermal stress may effectively hinder the generation of cracks in the member.
(3) Repairing the overflowing valve body: and remanufacturing the overflowing valve body by using the optimized process parameters. As shown in fig. 3(a) -3 (b), the macro-topography of the valve body is that the deformation, macro-cracking and the like of the component are not generated.
The example results show that the method of the present invention utilizes a laser source of conventional additive manufacturing to provide a discontinuous input of laser energy during the forming process. With this discontinuous energy input, the component is shaped in a "dot" by dot rather than in a "line". The method can ensure the uniformity of the temperature field of the laser molten pool, reduce the thermal stress in the additive manufacturing process of the component, has strong applicability, can be used for additive manufacturing of metal components and remanufacturing of the components, and is easy to popularize.
Claims (7)
1. A discontinuous laser additive manufacturing method for a metal component is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
the method comprises the steps of firstly, preparing a metal substrate with a certain size and metal powder for additive manufacturing; secondly, slicing and scanning path planning are carried out on a digital model of the component to be formed by using slicing software; thirdly, changing laser energy input into discontinuous input according to the planned scanning path; and fourthly, performing laser additive manufacturing.
2. The discontinuous laser additive manufacturing method of the metal component according to claim 1, wherein in the forming process of the laser additive manufacturing, laser energy is input discontinuously, that is, when the laser beam moves to a certain position in a scanning path, the laser beam is turned on, so that when the laser beam acts on a molten pool, the positions of the laser beam and the molten pool are unchanged, after the molten pool is fully melted, the laser beam is turned off, and then the laser beam moves to the next molten pool position; at the moment, the laser beam is switched on, and the molten pool is continuously melted until the laser beam is switched off and moves to a third molten pool position; and circulating the steps until the component additive manufacturing is completed.
3. The discontinuous laser additive manufacturing method of the metal component according to claim 1, wherein the method is characterized in that the metal component is manufactured by laser additive manufacturing finally by performing point-by-point melting by using a discontinuous laser beam according to a pre-planned scanning path, and then performing lapping and layer-by-layer melting one by one.
4. The discontinuous laser additive manufacturing method of the metal component according to claim 3, wherein the pre-planned scanning path is that an existing layering software is adopted to perform layering processing on the formed component, and the scanning path is planned.
5. The discontinuous laser additive manufacturing method of the metal component according to claim 3, wherein the discontinuous laser beam performs the point-by-point melting, that is, in the forming process, the laser energy is input discontinuously, that is, when the laser beam moves to a certain position in the scanning path, the laser beam is turned on, the position of the laser beam and the position of the molten pool are not changed, after the molten pool is fully melted, the laser beam is turned off, and then the laser beam moves to the next molten pool position; at the moment, the laser beam is switched on again, and the molten pool is continuously melted until the laser beam is switched off and moves to a third molten pool position; and the steps are circulated until a certain pass in the scanning path is completed.
6. The discontinuous laser additive manufacturing method of the metal component according to claim 3, wherein the step-by-step overlapping and the step-by-step melting are performed according to a certain step overlapping rate, and the forming of each step is performed according to a point-by-point melting mode until the forming of a certain layer is completed, and then the scanning of the next layer is performed until the whole component is formed.
7. The method for manufacturing a metal member by using a discontinuous laser additive according to claim 1, wherein the metal is a titanium-based alloy, a nickel-based alloy, an iron-based alloy or a cobalt-based alloy.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113441733A (en) * | 2021-06-29 | 2021-09-28 | 江苏飞跃机泵集团有限公司 | Shape and property control method in additive manufacturing process of heat-preservation sulfur pump impeller |
| CN114570940A (en) * | 2022-01-25 | 2022-06-03 | 广东增减材科技有限公司 | Valve core material increasing and decreasing method and valve core structure |
| DE102022111214A1 (en) | 2022-05-05 | 2023-11-09 | Eos Gmbh Electro Optical Systems | Method and device for generating irradiation control data for a device for the additive manufacturing of a component |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107206494A (en) * | 2014-11-21 | 2017-09-26 | 瑞尼斯豪公司 | Utilize the increasing material manufacturing equipment and correlation technique of special scanning strategy |
| WO2020157427A1 (en) * | 2019-01-28 | 2020-08-06 | Addup | Additive manufacturing by laser power modulation |
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2021
- 2021-02-09 CN CN202110178532.4A patent/CN112974845A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107206494A (en) * | 2014-11-21 | 2017-09-26 | 瑞尼斯豪公司 | Utilize the increasing material manufacturing equipment and correlation technique of special scanning strategy |
| WO2020157427A1 (en) * | 2019-01-28 | 2020-08-06 | Addup | Additive manufacturing by laser power modulation |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113441733A (en) * | 2021-06-29 | 2021-09-28 | 江苏飞跃机泵集团有限公司 | Shape and property control method in additive manufacturing process of heat-preservation sulfur pump impeller |
| CN114570940A (en) * | 2022-01-25 | 2022-06-03 | 广东增减材科技有限公司 | Valve core material increasing and decreasing method and valve core structure |
| CN114570940B (en) * | 2022-01-25 | 2024-04-02 | 广东增减材科技有限公司 | Valve core material increasing and decreasing method and valve core structure |
| DE102022111214A1 (en) | 2022-05-05 | 2023-11-09 | Eos Gmbh Electro Optical Systems | Method and device for generating irradiation control data for a device for the additive manufacturing of a component |
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Application publication date: 20210618 |