CN105793590B - 具有可变角万向节的车辆分动箱 - Google Patents

具有可变角万向节的车辆分动箱 Download PDF

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CN105793590B
CN105793590B CN201380080171.3A CN201380080171A CN105793590B CN 105793590 B CN105793590 B CN 105793590B CN 201380080171 A CN201380080171 A CN 201380080171A CN 105793590 B CN105793590 B CN 105793590B
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outer ring
shell
torque transmitter
transmitter according
torque
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CN105793590A (zh
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M·J·米勒
E·J·拉模特
S·小德安格罗
R·L·卡塞尔
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Gkn Power Transmission North America Co Ltd
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D3/00Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
    • F16D3/16Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts
    • F16D3/20Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members
    • F16D3/22Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts
    • F16D3/223Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts the rolling members being guided in grooves in both coupling parts
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/22Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or type of main drive shafting, e.g. cardan shaft
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D3/00Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
    • F16D3/84Shrouds, e.g. casings, covers; Sealing means specially adapted therefor
    • F16D3/843Shrouds, e.g. casings, covers; Sealing means specially adapted therefor enclosed covers
    • F16D3/845Shrouds, e.g. casings, covers; Sealing means specially adapted therefor enclosed covers allowing relative movement of joint parts due to the flexing of the cover
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/34Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles
    • B60K17/344Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles having a transfer gear
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D3/00Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
    • F16D3/16Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts
    • F16D3/20Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members
    • F16D3/22Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts
    • F16D3/223Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts the rolling members being guided in grooves in both coupling parts
    • F16D2003/22316Means for fastening or attaching the bellows or gaiters
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D3/00Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
    • F16D3/16Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts
    • F16D3/20Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members
    • F16D3/22Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts
    • F16D3/223Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts the rolling members being guided in grooves in both coupling parts
    • F16D2003/22326Attachments to the outer joint member, i.e. attachments to the exterior of the outer joint member or to the shaft of the outer joint member
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S464/00Rotary shafts, gudgeons, housings, and flexible couplings for rotary shafts
    • Y10S464/904Homokinetic coupling
    • Y10S464/906Torque transmitted via radially spaced balls

Abstract

用于车辆的转矩传递装置的一个示例性实例可包括壳体和与壳体整合的变角等速万向节。万向节可连接在驱动机构与输出轴之间,用于将转矩从驱动机构传送至输出轴。

Description

具有可变角万向节的车辆分动箱
技术领域
本公开内容涉及具有整合到其中的变角等速万向节的车辆分动箱。
背景技术
具有分动箱的四轮驱动和全轮驱动车辆是公知的。分动箱可由 一系列或一组齿轮驱动以将转矩从车辆变速器传送至前轮轴和后轮轴两者。分动箱可由切换装置控制,类似于手动变速器中由驾驶员操作的那样。然而,分动箱可改为由开关电子地操作。此外,全轮驱动的运动型汽车可具有不是可选的而是永久地设置在全轮驱动构造中的分动箱。
当车辆制造者减小车辆的尺寸时,前轴的长度可缩短,这继而又可增大缩短的推进轴与其联接的输出轴之间的角度。在此方面,具有固定角万向节的分动箱可构造成仅用于一种车辆尺寸。因此,期望的是提供具有变角万向节的分动箱以供多种车辆使用。
附图的简要描述
图1为包括转矩传递装置的一个示例性实例的用于具有四轮驱动系统的车辆的传动系的示意图。
图2为包括转矩传递箱的一个示例性实例的用于具有全轮驱动系统的车辆的传动系的示意图。
图3A和图3B为沿线3A-3A和线3B-3B截取的图1的转矩传递箱的一个示例性实例的截面视图。
图4为图1中的转矩传递箱的另一个示例性实例的截面视图。
图5为图1中的转矩传递箱的又一个示例性实例的截面视图。
详细描述
下文描述了示例性实例。为了清楚起见,本说明书中并未描述实际实施方式的所有特征。当然,将认识到的是,在任何此类实际实例的开发中必须进行许多实施方式特有的决定来实现开发者的特定目标,诸如符合系统相关和业务相关的约束,这可从一个实施方式到另一个不同。此外,将认识到的是,这种开发工作可能复杂且耗时,但对于受益于本公开内容的普通技术人员仍是例行任务。
根据本文所述的各种示例性实例,转矩传递装置(下文称为"分动箱")可接收来自联接到车辆变速器的输入轴的转矩,其继而又可从车辆发动机接收转矩。分动箱可具有直接地整合到其中的变角等速万向节(下文称为"CV万向节"),以减少整个前传动系统的重量、零件和包装。
参看图1,分动箱100的一个示例性实例可用于车辆的四轮驱动系统102中,使得分动箱100将来自车辆变速器104的转矩传送至前输出轴106和后输出轴108。参看图2,分动箱200的另一个示例性实例可用于车辆的全轮驱动系统202中。然而,分动箱可用于任何适合的传动系中,例如,包括仅前轮驱动的车辆和仅后轮驱动的车辆。
现在参看图3A和图3B,分动箱100可包括壳体110,其具有限定腔116的两个或多个匹配部分112、114。分动箱100还可具有输入轴118(图1),其设置在腔内且联接至变速器104以从变速器接收转矩。此外,如图3A和图3B中所示,分动箱100可具有整合在壳体110内且设置在腔116内的驱动机构120。驱动机构120可联接到输入轴以从其接收转矩。在该示例中,驱动机构120可为链驱动的转矩传递系统122,其包括具有多个齿126的链轮机构124,以及使从链轮机构124延伸的齿126与从输入轴延伸的齿(未示出)互连的链128。如下文进一步详细所述,链轮机构124还可包括用于接纳变角等速万向节132的链轮毂130。然而,链轮机构当然可改为包括用于附接到从万向节延伸的母连接件上的公连接件。在该示例中,链轮毂130可同心地设置在链轮机构124的内径134内。此外,链轮毂130可包括一个或多个斜边缘136,以便于将CV万向节132插入链轮毂130中。当然,驱动机构可改为斜齿轮转矩传递系统或其它适合的转矩传递系统。
分动箱100还可包括与壳体110整合的CV万向节132。CV万向节132可在驱动机构120与输出轴138之间可操作地连接,以用于将转矩从驱动机构120传送至输出轴138。CV万向节132的至少一部分可设置在腔116内。在该示例中,CV万向节可包括外圈140,其完全设置在腔116内且连接到驱动机构120以从其接收转矩。具体而言,外圈140可包括杆状物142,其具有在组装期间接纳穿过链轮毂130且键合至链轮毂的后部144,使得外圈140和链轮机构围绕公共旋转轴线146同步旋转。杆状物142可具有用于接纳固持夹150的环形凹槽148,固持夹150将链轮130沿轴向固持至外圈140。然而,外圈140可通过焊接、花键对接、螺纹紧固件或各种其它适合的紧固件和相关紧固方法联接至链轮机构124。另外,在该示例中,后部144可通过轴承152可旋转地安装至壳体110。外圈140还可包括钟形部分154,其从杆状物142延伸且设置成沿旋转轴线146与后部144相对。钟形部分154可通过轴承156可旋转地安装至壳体110,且可限定室158。此外,CV万向节132可包括内圈160,其可旋转地安装在外圈140的室158内,且通过将外圈和内圈联接到彼此以用于在其间传送转矩的多个转矩传送球162或其它滚动元件从外圈140接收转矩。内圈160例如可通过花键联接至输出轴138,以将转矩传送至输出轴138。
如图3B中最佳所示,内圈160可相对于外圈140移动至多个角度,以便提供变角CV万向节132且允许输出轴138的角移动。例如,外圈140的钟形部分154可构造成在第一旋转平面164中旋转,且内圈160可构造成在第二旋转平面166中旋转。内圈160可枢转地安装在外圈140的钟形部分154内,使得第二旋转平面166可偏离第一旋转平面164达到预定角度α。在一个示例中,角度α可为当内圈160和其中的轴138朝保护罩170枢转时内圈160与保护罩170之间的最小空隙。具有变角内圈的CV万向节132的各种形式可在本发明中使用,诸如可包括球笼式万向节(Rzeppa joint)、反轨迹万向节(countertrack joint)和倒转万向节(plunging joint)。
此外,在该示例中,外圈140和链轮机构124可不在相同的等动力平面内旋转。具体而言,外圈140的钟形部分154的第一旋转平面164可在沿公共旋转轴线146的轴向方向上偏离链轮机构124上的齿126的旋转平面167,使得齿126和钟形部分154不在同一平面内旋转。
CV万向节132还可包括弹性罩168,其在内圈160与外圈140之间沿径向延伸,以便防止污染物污染室158中的润滑剂或沉积在外圈140、内圈160和转矩传送球162上。此外,CV万向节132还可包括保护罩170,以将罩168夹持或以其它方式紧固到外圈140。该保护罩170可具有比输出轴138的外径大的内径,以对于输出轴138提供空隙来朝内径枢转。
分动箱100还可包括在壳体110以及保护罩170与外圈140中的至少一者之间延伸的密封件172,以便防止污染物污染腔116中的润滑剂以及累积在齿126、链128和轴承152、156上。在该示例中,密封件172为旋转轴密封件172',其压配到万向节132的保护罩170上,且在壳体110与保护罩170之间延伸。
现在转到图4,分动箱400的另一个示例性实例大致类似于图3的分动箱100,且可包括以400系列的参考数字标记的类似构件。然而,相比于图3A和图3B的包括内圈160和设置在腔116内的转矩传送球162的分动箱100,该分动箱400可包括至少具有内圈460和设置在壳体410的腔416外的转矩传送球462的CV万向节432。此外,外圈440的杆状物442可不为可旋转地安装至壳体410,而是直接固定地保持在链轮机构424的链轮毂430内,例如,通过接合形成在链轮机构424中的螺纹孔476的螺纹紧固件474。此外,杆状物442和链轮毂430可具有花键对接478,使得外圈440可联接至链轮机构424上以用于围绕公共旋转轴线446与链轮机构424同步旋转。此外,链轮机构424可具有通过轴承452可旋转地安装至壳体410的后毂部分480。此外,以该形式,密封件472可夹在保护罩470与壳体110之间,而非夹在外圈440与壳体410之间。
参看图5,分动箱500的另一个示例性实例大致类似于图1的分动箱100,且可包括以500系数的数字标记的类似的构件。例如,图3的分动箱可包括外圈140的钟形部分154,其可旋转地安装至壳体110。然而,在该示例中,分动箱500可包括外圈540的钟形部分554,其通过例如将钟形部分554焊接至链轮毂530而联接到链轮机构524的链轮毂530。此外,链轮机构524的齿526和室558可设置在沿公共旋转轴线的公共点处,使得CV万向节532的外圈540与链轮机构524两者在相同的等动力平面582中旋转。即,外圈540可定位在链轮机构524上,使得钟形部分554的第一旋转平面564和链轮机构524的旋转平面567对准或共面。该特征可将输出轴的枢转点设置成离从动轴更远,使得可减小较小车辆的最大角移动,因此允许分动箱在更多车辆中使用。此外,这种形式的链轮机构524包括前毂部分584,其包绕输出轴538,且具有比输出轴538的外径大的内径,以对于输出轴538提供空隙来朝内径枢转。此外,前毂部分584可通过轴承556可旋转地安装至壳体510。在该示例中,壳体510的腔516可与外圈540的室558流体地连通,使得共同的润滑剂可到达轴承552、轴承556、链528、齿526、外圈540、转矩传送球562和内圈560。这种形式的密封件572可为从壳体510沿径向向内延伸且以包绕输出轴538的旋转轴密封件586'终止的罩覆盖膜片586。
参照本文所述的过程、系统、方法、探索等,应当理解的是,尽管此过程的步骤等已经描述为根据一定排序的顺序发生,但此过程可以按除本文所述的顺序之外的顺序执行的所述步骤来实施。此外,应当理解的是,某些步骤可同时执行,可添加其它步骤,或可省略本文所述的某些步骤。换言之,本文对过程的描述提供成用于示出某些示例性实例的目的,且绝不应当看作是以便限制请求保护的发明。
因此,将理解的是,以上描述意在为示范性而非限制性的。在阅读以上描述时将清楚除提供的示例之外的许多示例性实例和应用。
本发明的范围不应当参照以上描述确定,而是应当改为参照所附权利要求以及这些权利要求赋予的等同物的完整范围来确定。将认识到且期望的是,在本文所述的技术中将发生未来的发展,且公开的系统和方法将并入到此类未来的示例性实例中。总之,应当理解的是,本发明能够改变和变化。
如权利要求中使用的所有用语意在给予其最宽的合理解释和由本文所述的技术中的技术人员理解的普通意义,除非在本文中相反地进行明确指示。具体而言,单数冠词如"一个"、"该"、"所述"等的使用应当理解为叙述一个或多个指示的元件,除非权利要求相反地叙述明确限制。

Claims (15)

1.一种用于车辆的转矩传递装置,包括:
壳体(110, 410, 510);
等速万向节(132, 432, 532),其包括:
可旋转地安装在所述壳体内的外圈(140, 440, 540);以及
内圈(160, 460, 560),其定位在所述外圈内且通过多个转矩传送球(162, 462, 562)连接到所述外圈;
驱动机构(120, 420, 524),其在所述壳体内,且连接到所述等速万向节的所述外圈,且所述驱动机构将从所述转矩传递装置的输入轴(118)接收的转矩传递至所述等速万向节的所述外圈,使得所述外圈驱动所述内圈,且其中,所述驱动机构包括链轮机构,且所述外圈联接至所述链轮机构以用于围绕公共旋转轴线与所述链轮机构同步旋转;
输出轴(138, 438, 538),其连接到所述等速万向节的所述内圈;以及
弹性罩(168),其在所述内圈与所述外圈之间延伸且连接至所述内圈和所述外圈,且所述弹性罩防止污染物沉积在所述外圈、所述内圈和所述转矩传送球中的至少一者上;
其中所述内圈枢转地安装在所述外圈内,使得所述内圈可相对于所述外圈枢转达到预定角度。
2.根据权利要求1所述的转矩传递装置,其特征在于,所述万向节还包括:
将所述弹性罩附接至所述外圈的保护罩(170, 470);
其中所述保护罩具有比所述输出轴的外径大的内径,以对于所述输出轴提供空隙来朝所述内径枢转。
3.根据权利要求1所述的转矩传递装置,其特征在于,所述壳体限定了腔(116, 416,516),且所述万向节的至少一部分设置在所述腔内。
4.根据权利要求1所述的转矩传递装置,其特征在于,所述外圈包括联接至所述链轮机构的杆状物。
5.根据权利要求1所述的转矩传递装置,其特征在于,所述外圈包括可旋转地安装至所述壳体的杆状物(142,442)。
6.根据权利要求1所述的转矩传递装置,其特征在于,所述外圈具有钟形部分(154,554),所述钟形部分在第一旋转平面(564)中旋转且定位在所述链轮机构上,使得所述钟形部分的所述第一旋转平面(564)为与所述链轮机构的旋转平面(567)对准和共面中的至少一者。
7.根据权利要求1所述的转矩传递装置,其特征在于,所述链轮机构具有从所述输入轴接收转矩的多个齿(126),且所述外圈限定了室(158),所述内圈和所述转矩传送球设置在所述室(158)中,且所述室在沿所述公共旋转轴线的轴向方向上偏离所述齿。
8.根据权利要求1所述的转矩传递装置,其特征在于,所述外圈包括后部(144)和钟形部分(154),且所述后部和钟形部分两者可旋转地安装至所述壳体。
9.根据权利要求1所述的转矩传递装置,其特征在于:
所述壳体具有腔;
所述万向节为与所述壳体整合的可变角等速万向节;且其中所述装置包括密封件(172, 472, 572),所述密封件在所述壳体以及保护罩与所述万向节的外圈中的至少一者之间延伸以防止污染物进入所述腔;
其中所述内圈可相对于所述外圈移动至多个角度。
10.根据权利要求9所述的转矩传递装置,其特征在于,所述密封件为压配到所述万向节上的旋转轴密封件(172')。
11.根据权利要求9所述的转矩传递装置,其特征在于,所述万向节包括膜片罩盖(586),其在旋转轴密封件(586')包绕所述万向节和所述输出轴中的至少一者的情况下从所述壳体沿径向向内延伸。
12.根据权利要求9所述的转矩传递装置,其特征在于,所述万向节还包括:
至少一个轴承(152, 156, 452, 456, 552, 556),其将所述万向节和所述驱动机构中的至少一者可旋转地安装至所述壳体;
其中所述万向节包括室(158, 458, 558),所述室具有在其中的多个转矩传送球,且所述室与所述腔流体地连通,使得共同的润滑剂提供至所述至少一个轴承和所述转矩传送球。
13.根据权利要求9所述的转矩传递装置,其特征在于,所述外圈从所述驱动机构接收转矩,且所述内圈可旋转地安装在所述外圈内且通过多个转矩传送球从所述外圈接收转矩;以及
其中所述外圈在第一旋转平面(164, 464, 564)中旋转,且所述内圈在第二旋转平面(166, 466, 566)中旋转,且所述内圈进一步枢转地安装在所述外圈内,使得所述第二旋转平面相对于所述第一旋转平面的角度可改变达到预定角度。
14.根据权利要求1所述的转矩传递装置,其特征在于,所述壳体限定了腔,且所述内圈、球和所述外圈的一部分设置在所述腔外。
15.根据权利要求14所述的转矩传递装置,其特征在于,所述外圈通过紧固件(474)联接至所述驱动机构。
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