CN105793027B - 一种利用焦耳效应来翻新轮胎的方法 - Google Patents

一种利用焦耳效应来翻新轮胎的方法 Download PDF

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CN105793027B
CN105793027B CN201480066570.9A CN201480066570A CN105793027B CN 105793027 B CN105793027 B CN 105793027B CN 201480066570 A CN201480066570 A CN 201480066570A CN 105793027 B CN105793027 B CN 105793027B
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conducting wire
carcass
temperature
tyre surface
method described
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CN105793027A (zh
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G·马尔塞
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Compagnie Generale des Etablissements Michelin SCA
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Compagnie Generale des Etablissements Michelin SCA
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
    • B29D30/00—Producing pneumatic or solid tyres or parts thereof
    • B29D30/06—Pneumatic tyres or parts thereof (e.g. produced by casting, moulding, compression moulding, injection moulding, centrifugal casting)
    • B29D30/52—Unvulcanised treads, e.g. on used tyres; Retreading
    • B29D30/54—Retreading
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/3404—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint
    • B29C65/342—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint comprising at least a single wire, e.g. in the form of a winding
    • B29C65/3432—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint comprising at least a single wire, e.g. in the form of a winding comprising several wires, e.g. in the form of several independent windings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/3472—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the composition of the heated elements which remain in the joint
    • B29C65/3476—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the composition of the heated elements which remain in the joint being metallic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/3472—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the composition of the heated elements which remain in the joint
    • B29C65/3476—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the composition of the heated elements which remain in the joint being metallic
    • B29C65/348—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the composition of the heated elements which remain in the joint being metallic with a polymer coating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/4805—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the type of adhesives
    • B29C65/481—Non-reactive adhesives, e.g. physically hardening adhesives
    • B29C65/4815—Hot melt adhesives, e.g. thermoplastic adhesives
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C65/50—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like
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    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
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    • B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/53—Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B29C66/532—Joining single elements to the wall of tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B29C66/5324—Joining single elements to the wall of tubular articles, hollow articles or bars said single elements being substantially annular, i.e. of finite length
    • B29C66/53245—Joining single elements to the wall of tubular articles, hollow articles or bars said single elements being substantially annular, i.e. of finite length said articles being hollow
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/737—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/7375—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined uncured, partially cured or fully cured
    • B29C66/73753—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined uncured, partially cured or fully cured the to-be-joined area of at least one of the parts to be joined being partially cured, i.e. partially cross-linked, partially vulcanized
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    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/737—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/7375—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined uncured, partially cured or fully cured
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Ropes Or Cables (AREA)
  • Tyre Moulding (AREA)
  • Heating, Cooling, Or Curing Plastics Or The Like In General (AREA)
  • Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)
  • Wire Bonding (AREA)

Abstract

在一种方法中，‑使位于轮胎外胎的胎体(6)与胎面(12)之间的至少一根导线(18)流通电流，‑根据与电流相关的值的函数计算导线的温度值，以及‑根据计算出的温度值的函数控制电流。

Description

一种利用焦耳效应来翻新轮胎的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及轮胎的翻新。
背景技术
轮胎外胎的翻新包括从外胎移除磨损的胎面，以便将其替换成状况良好的(一般是新的)胎面。
为此，已知的实践是在胎体与胎面之间设置热融接合层，该接合层确保胎面与胎体的粘合并且在被加热到预定温度时软化，从而能够容易地将胎面从胎体分离。类似地，在装配新的胎面时，热熔层被加热，然后冷却该热熔层，以便将胎面粘合到胎体。
已知的实践是，利用与接合层相邻且流过电流的金属导线的方式，使用焦耳效应来实现加热。这种加热方式是局部的，而且显著的目标在于节约能源并且避免过硫化或再硫化外胎或外胎的某些部分。
然而，即使使用这种局部加热方式，避免橡胶的过度加热仍然是困难的，而这有可能会损坏橡胶。
尽管实践中已知使用局部测量点(例如热电偶)来监控接合层的温度，但是装配这样的构件有诸多限制。另外，其仅提供在特定点的温度。然而，这些点并不等同于最热的点，从而不等同于由用于加热的导线的接触橡胶的部分的轮廓所形成的最敏感的区域。
发明内容
本发明的一个目标在于，进一步限制在从胎体移除胎面时或将胎面应用至胎体时过度加热橡胶的风险。
为此，根据本发明提供了一种方法，其中：
-使位于轮胎外胎的胎体与胎面之间的至少一根导线流通电流，
-根据电流的相关值的函数计算导线的温度值，以及
-根据计算出的温度值的函数控制电流。
特别地，已知的实践是，根据金属的电阻率和金属的温度系数的函数确定金属的温度。另外，导线的电阻(其自身与导线的电阻率相关)根据欧姆定律通过电压以及流通导线的电流确定。因为金属导线的特性是已知的，其温度可以通过控制流通其的电流来控制。从而，控制电流可以实时控制导线的温度，并从而实时控制接合层的温度。这种改进了的对温度的控制限制了橡胶的过硫化或再硫化的风险。
优选地，导线与热熔层相邻。
在一个实施方案中，导线被设置为使得其形成锯齿形的波形。
有益地，使电流流通至少两根导线，该至少两根导线形成线束的一部分并且具有相同的截面。
从而，通过与单个导线的线束进行比较，在相等的电流强度下，设置至少两个导线能够减小线束的电阻以及流通线束的电流的电压。
优选地，将电流控制为使得温度值保持在预定温度阈值之下。
这避免了橡胶温度过度地上升。
在一个实施方案中，将电流控制为使得温度值在预定时段内经历超过预定温度变化阈值的正变化。
由此，升高导线以及接合层的温度所用时间减少。从而，获得了对于接合层非常快速且局部的加热，而不会过度地加热附近的橡胶。该操作方法还可以节约冷却时间，因为在各点局部供应到接合层的能量之后由胎体和/或胎面的冷材料被很快地耗散了。
可以设想，然后将胎面和胎体分开。
从而，本发明可以用于翻新。
可以设想，本发明的方法在胎面装配在胎体上的时候形成了一种翻新方法。
根据本发明，还提供了由根据本发明的方法产生的轮胎外胎。
根据本发明，还提供了由根据本发明的方法产生的不具有胎面的轮胎外胎胎体。
最后，根据本发明，还提供了由根据本发明的方法产生的不具有胎体的轮胎外胎胎面。
附图说明
参考所附附图，现在将通过非限制性示例的方式来描述本发明的实施方案，在附图中：
-图1和图2是经历根据本发明的方法的两个轮胎外胎的剖面图；
-图3是翻新图2中的外胎时所使用的电路的视图；
-图4和图5是显示在图1和图2中的外胎上实施本发明的方法时各个变量的改变的曲线；以及
-图6示出了在一个实施方案中使用的导线。
具体实施方式
图1示出了经历根据本发明的翻新方法的车辆轮胎外胎2的第一实施方案。该外胎具有轴线4的环形整体形状。其包括胎体6，该胎体具有胎冠层8以及两个横向侧壁10。胎体的构型的横截面为“U”形。
该胎体包括在胎冠层8的外面的胎面12，该胎面紧固到胎体6。胎面12在其外面14上承载了胎面花纹和沟纹，其具体形式没有示出。
在胎体与胎面之间，插置了接合层16，其由热熔材料组成，该热熔材料确保在环境温度下胎面粘合到胎体，但是在升到使得胎面能够从胎体分开的预定温度时能够软化。
热熔材料应当被理解为，在受热达到特定于材料的预定温度(一般称其为软化温度)时能够软化的材料。例如，这样的材料可以选自热塑性弹性体，例如SBS(苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯)或SIS(苯乙烯-异戊二烯-苯乙烯)。对于本发明来说，热熔材料指的是能够在140℃与200℃之间的温度下软化的热熔材料。
外胎还包括与接合层相邻的金属导线18。在本示例中，该导线延展成与层16的上面以及胎面的内面接触。在该情况下，其具有锯齿形的波形或交替式的波型，使得其从一个侧壁10到另一个侧壁跨过胎面和接合层的整个宽度，随后在周向方向上延伸了较短的距离之后再在所述另一个侧壁的方向上延伸。由此，导线18围绕胎体的整个周向伸展。其形成了每个在相对于轴线4的径向平面上伸展的直线部分，这些部分由在周向方向上的定长间距分开。
现在假设该外胎的胎面12磨损了并且需要替换。则翻新操作如下实施。
为此，既然导线18的两端是可到达的，则将这两端连接至供电构件20，例如图3中参考第二实施方案所示出的。
电流的通过导致导线由于焦耳效应而被加热。由此产生的热量扩散经过了在达到上述温度时软化的接合层16。
随之可以容易地将胎面从胎体分离。下面假设，接合层16和导线18在该操作过程中保持在胎体上。
在接下来的步骤中，使用新的胎面12。在该情况下，这是由已硫化的橡胶组成的胎面，其被配置为开环的形式。从而，胎面被缠绕，以便其被应用到由胎体、接合层以及导线形成的组件。然而，也可以使用配置为闭环形式的胎面，而且所述胎面可以通过目前已知的合适的工具而被配置为设置在胎体上。
接下来，向胎面施加压力，以将其向着接合层和胎体按压。该压力为例如在2到3巴之间，即2×105到3×105Pa之间。此时，再次使电流流经导线18以便利用焦耳效应将其加热，并且由此将接合层16加热到使其达到软化的温度。该接合层从而变为塑性的，并且变为与胎面紧密接触。
然后，切断电流，并且使组件冷却。接合层通过返回至固态而确保胎面与胎体的粘合。
如果磨损的胎面中去除了接合层16和导线18，则相同的方法可以通过在安装胎面之前在胎体上设置新的接合层和新的导线、或者通过装配自身已装有接合层和导线的胎面来实施。
图2和图3所示的第二实施方案的外胎与图1的外胎的区别仅在于导线的配置。特别地，在这里，导线18形成围绕轴线4的螺旋，这些连续的螺旋在该轴线的方向上彼此以可变的间距p分开。这些螺旋分布在侧壁之间。该方法的剩余部分以与对于图1中的外胎实施的方式相同的方式实施。
在这两个实施方案中，导线的配置尤其通过控制位于导线各部分之间的区域与与导线相邻的区域之间的温度差来使得对接合层的加热均匀。
参见图6，不同于图1和图2中的实施方案所使用的单根导线，可以使用的是线束19，其在一个相同的截面中包括多根导线18，例如两个或三个。对于一个相同的电流强度，该种布置能够减小导体的电阻，从而减小电流的电压。
现在，将根据本发明的一个实施方案来阐释这些实施方案中的每一个对导线供电的方式。
构件20被配置为就电流和/或电压而言可变的电源。为此，其包括控制部件22。
在此，使用的是DC电源。应当注意，导线的电阻R服从欧姆定律：
U＝RI
其中，U和I分别表示导线端口处的电压以及流过导线的电流强度。
而且已知的是，金属在任意温度T下的电阻率由下述定律给出：
ρ＝ρ0(1+αT)
其中：
ρ0是该金属在0℃的电阻率，而且
α是其温度系数。
假设，用于加热的导线的电阻率在0℃以及其温度系数是已知的。从而，其电阻率作为温度T的函数、以及其电阻R作为温度T的函数也是已知的。
另外，电流的强度、电压以及功率在加热过程中是实时已知的。
从而，通过表征电流的变量U和I中的至少一个的方式，能够实时计算在用于加热的导线的核心处的温度T。
在本示例中，部件22被配置并编程为，实时进行计算。从而，电流受到构件20的控制，同时计算出的导线核心处的温度T得到实时监控和更新。
从而，能够始终检测是否超过预定温度阈值，从而不会损坏橡胶。该阈值被设定为例如180℃或200℃。
在本实施方案中，除了服从上述设定点外，电流还被控制为使得温度值T在预定时段内经历超过预定温度变化阈值的正变化。换言之，温度短期内大幅增加。例如，其可以是在500秒或更短的时间内，将温度从25℃增加到175℃，即150℃的变化。由此，增加导线的温度以及处于附近的接合层的温度的时间得到了优化。由此得到了非常快速且局部的加热，从而还避免了将周围的橡胶长时间暴露在过高的温度下。该实施方案还能够节约接合层的冷却时间，因为在各点以及局部供应到接合层的能量在外胎的周围冷材料中很快地耗散了。
实验结果示于图4和图5中。全部是曲线覆盖相同的时段，大约800秒，其由x轴表示。这是外胎温度上升的阶段。
第一曲线以欧姆表示导线18的电阻R的改变。可以见到电阻在2.5到3.5欧姆之间适度地变化。
第二曲线表示供应到加热元件的电功率的改变。可以见到所供应的功率发生了剧烈地变化，从而可视化出在其他曲线中系统在温度和电阻方面的反映。
第三幅图示出的曲线给出了位于接合层上的不同位置处的八个热电偶提供的温度值。
第四幅图显示出所计算出的导线的温度T的根据导线的欧姆电阻、电阻率以及其温度系数而改变。两个分开的曲线显示出最小值和最大值，以将所有设备的测量误差考虑在内。
可见，第三幅图中的曲线所示的接合层的温度紧密地跟随第四幅图所示的用于加热的导线的温度的缓慢和快速的变化。然而，在图5所示的图中，这两者之间存在温度差(作为导线所供应的功率的函数)。
这些测试从而显示，通过电源变量来估计导线和接合层的温度，从而避免过度加热橡胶以及加热导线是可能的。当然，在不偏离本发明的范围的情况下可以对本发明做出大量修改。

Claims (6)

1.一种利用焦耳效应来翻新轮胎的方法，其特征在于：
-使位于轮胎外胎的胎体(6)与胎面(12)之间的至少一根导线(18)流通电流，
-通过欧姆定律和以下公式的根据电流的相关值的函数来计算导线的温度值，
公式：ρ＝ρ0(1+αT)
其中：ρ0是金属在0℃的电阻率，α是其温度系数，以及
-根据计算出的温度值的函数控制电流，其中，将电流控制为使得温度值保持在预定温度阈值之下。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，将导线设置为使得其形成以胎体的主轴线(4)为中心的螺旋。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，使电流流通至少两根导线(18)，该至少两根导线形成线束的一部分并且具有相同的截面。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，将电流控制为使得温度值在预定时段内经历超过预定温度变化阈值的正变化。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，随后将胎面(12)与胎体(6)分开。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，在胎面(12)装配在胎体上的阶段形成了一种翻新方法。
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