CN105783954B - 一种高冗余性fbg传感模块 - Google Patents

一种高冗余性fbg传感模块 Download PDF

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CN105783954B
CN105783954B CN201610178339.XA CN201610178339A CN105783954B CN 105783954 B CN105783954 B CN 105783954B CN 201610178339 A CN201610178339 A CN 201610178339A CN 105783954 B CN105783954 B CN 105783954B
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CN105783954A (zh
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祝连庆
庄炜
董明利
娄小平
何巍
骆飞
李红
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Beijing Information Science and Technology University
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    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
    • G01D5/32—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
    • G01D5/34—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
    • G01D5/353—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre
    • G01D5/35306—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using an interferometer arrangement
    • G01D5/35309—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using an interferometer arrangement using multiple waves interferometer
    • G01D5/35316—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using an interferometer arrangement using multiple waves interferometer using a Bragg gratings
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
    • G01D5/32—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
    • G01D5/34—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
    • G01D5/353—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre
    • G01D5/35383—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using multiple sensor devices using multiplexing techniques

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Abstract

本发明提供了一种高冗余性FBG传感模块，包括：传感光纤、1×2光开关、2条传感支路以及由FBG传感单元构成的FBG传感阵列，传感光纤与1×2光开关的输入端连接，1×2光开关的输出端通过所述2条传感支路分别与FBG传感阵列相连；其中，FBG传感阵列包括多个构成FBG传感阵列的FBG传感单元，FBG传感单元由1个2×2耦合器和1个FBG传感器构成，耦合器和所述FBG传感器之间通过传感光纤连接，FBG传感单元发生1个或多个故障点，通过控制所述1×2光开关切换至2条传感支路，可以实现计算机检测到所述FBG传感单元。本发明利用1×2光开关的组合使用，根据传感网络的反馈，能解决多点故障导致的计算机接收不到部分FBG信号的问题，提高了系统的可靠性。

Description

一种高冗余性FBG传感模块
技术领域
本发明涉及光纤传感领域，特别涉及一种高冗余性FBG传感模块。
背景技术
通常，工程应用中，FBG传感器广泛应用于桥梁、管道、航天等领域，尤其在复杂环境中，对结构体关键部位的监测。实际应用过程中，由于部分FBG传感器失效或传感光纤发生故障，进而造成计算机无法接收到传感器网络中完好的FBG传感器的信号。定义任意发生在传感光纤上，并能保证发生故障后FBG信号被计算机全部检测到的最大故障点数为FBG传感冗余度。那么传统的FBG传感模块只是由单一的FBG构成，传感路径仅有一条，一旦传感光纤发生故障，就会造成FBG传感失效，因此可以认为传统的FBG传感模块冗余度为0。专利CN101917230A提出的“一种大容量的可自愈光纤传感网”利用光开关将传感支路与备用支路简单并联，解决了传感支路上单个故障点的问题，其传感模块冗余度只有1，即可以容许发生的故障点数目为1个，当传感支路上发生多个故障点时，计算机就不能接收到FBG信号，为了提高复杂传感系统的可靠性。
因此，需要一种能有效地传感模块来解决上述问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种高冗余性FBG传感模块，包括：
传感光纤、1×2光开关、2条传感支路以及由FBG传感单元构成的FBG传感阵列，所述传感光纤与所述1×2光开关的输入端连接，所述1×2光开关的输出端通过所述2条传感支路分别与FBG传感阵列相连；
其中，所述FBG传感阵列包括多个构成FBG传感阵列的FBG传感单元，所述FBG传感单元之间以串联的方式连接；所述FBG传感单元由1个2×2耦合器和1个FBG传感器构成，所述FBG传感器的左侧通过传感光纤连接前一个所述FBG传感单元的所述2×2耦合器的一个右侧，所述FBG传感器的右侧通过传感光纤连接和其构成所述FBG传感单元的2×2耦合器的左侧，所述2×2耦合器的另一左侧通过传感光纤连接前一个所述FBG传感单元的2×2耦合器的另一右侧，所述2×2耦合器的另一右侧通过传感光纤连接后一个所述FBG传感单元的2×2耦合器的左侧；所述FBG传感单元发生1个或多个故障点，通过控制所述1×2光开关切换至2条传感支路，可以实现计算机检测到所述FBG传感单元。
优选的，所述高冗余性FBG传感模块的每个FBG传感单元的冗余度均为1。
优选的，所述高冗余性FBG传感模块的冗余度的大小等于所述FBG传感单元的数量。
优选的，所述FGB传感单元发生故障点位置为所述传感光纤上。
优选的，所述FBG传感模块所包含的所述FBG传感器的数目由解调技术决定。
应当理解，前述大体的描述和后续详尽的描述均为示例性说明和解释，并不应当用作对本发明所要求保护内容的限制。
附图说明
参考随附的附图，本发明更多的目的、功能和优点将通过本发明实施方式的如下描述得以阐明，其中：
图1示出了本发明的高冗余性FBG传感模块的结构示意图。
图2示出了FBG传感单元的结构示意图。
图3a和图3b示出了本发明的高冗余性FBG传感模块的工作原理示意图。
具体实施方式
通过参考示范性实施例，本发明的目的和功能以及用于实现这些目的和功能的方法将得以阐明。然而，本发明并不受限于以下所公开的示范性实施例；可以通过不同形式来对其加以实现。说明书的实质仅仅是帮助相关领域技术人员综合理解本发明的具体细节。
在下文中，将参考附图描述本发明的实施例。在附图中，相同的附图标记代表相同或类似的部件，或者相同或类似的步骤。
图1示出了本发明的高冗余性FBG传感模块100的结构示意图。如图1所示，
一种高冗余性FBG传感模块100，包括：传感光纤110、1×2光开关120、2条传感支路130以及由FBG传感单元200构成的FBG传感阵列140，所述传感光纤110与所述1×2光开关120的输入端连接，所述1×2光开关120的输出端通过所述2条传感支路130分别与FBG传感阵列相连140；其中，所述FBG传感阵列140包括多个构成FBG传感阵列140的FBG传感单元200，所述FBG传感单元200之间以串联的方式连接；所述FBG传感单元200由1个2×2耦合器201和1个FBG传感器202构成，所述FBG传感器202的左侧通过传感光纤连接前一个所述FBG传感单元200的所述2×2耦合器201的一个右侧，所述FBG传感器202的右侧通过传感光纤连接和其构成所述FBG传感单元200的2×2耦合器201的左侧，所述2×2耦合器201的另一左侧通过传感光纤连接前一个所述FBG传感单元200的2×2耦合器202的另一右侧，所述2×2耦合器201的另一右侧通过传感光纤连接后一个所述FBG传感单元200的2×2耦合器201的左侧；所述FBG传感单元200发生1个或多个故障点，通过控制所述1×2光开关120切换至2条传感支路130，可以实现计算机检测到所述FBG传感单元。
高冗余性FBG传感模块100的每个FBG传感单元200的冗余度均为1，高冗余性FBG传感模块100的冗余度的大小等于所述FBG传感单元的数量，例如具有n个FBG传感单元200，则本发明中的高冗余性FBG传感模块100的冗余度为n。
图2示出了FBG传感单元的结构示意图。如图2所示，
本发明的FBG传感单元200包括一个2×2耦合器201和1个FBG传感器202，该2×2耦合器201和1个FBG传感器202之间通过传感光纤连接110，为了清楚的描述本发明中的故障点，传感光纤110分为第一传感光纤110a、第二传感光纤110b、第三传感光纤110c、第四传感光纤110d和第五传感光纤110e。第一传感光纤110a处于图中FBG传感器202的左侧(前端)，第二传感光纤110b处于FBG传感器的右侧(后端)，第三传感光纤110c为2×2耦合器201的反射端，第二传感光纤110b的另一侧连接2×2耦合器201的左侧(前端)，第四传感光纤110d和第五传感光纤110e连接2×2耦合器201的输出端。
一般来说，正常情况下，2×2耦合器201和FBG传感器202为光学器件，相对传感光纤110来说，不易发生故障，因此只考虑连接传感光纤110发生故障的情况。所以这里FGB传感单元200发生故障点位置为所述传感光纤110上。当FBG传感单元任意在传感光纤处发生一点故障时，经过1×2光开关120切换传感路径，可以实现该FBG传感单元200重新被计算机检测到。根据前面所述冗余度定义，那么可以算出该FBG传感单元200冗余度为1。
对于某些情况，FBG传感单元200体内也可能发生多点故障，当单元内发生两点故障时，其中在第一传感光纤110a或第二传感光纤110b发生一点故障，在第三传感光纤110c、第四传感光纤110d或第五传感光纤110e发生另一点故障，此时FBG传感单元200通过1×2光开关120切换传感路径仍可以正常工作。当FBG传感单元200内发生三点故障时，在第一传感光纤110a或第二传感光纤110b发生一点故障，在第三传感光纤110c、第四传感光纤110d或第五传感光纤110e发生任意两点故障，通过1×2光开关120切换传感路径同样可以正常工作。当FBG传感单元200内发生四点故障时，当且仅当障碍点发生在第二传感光纤110b、第三传感光纤110c、第四传感光纤110d和第五传感光纤110e时，该FBG传感单元200照常能工作使用。
优选的，FBG传感模块100所包含的FBG传感器202的数目由解调技术决定。
图3a和图3b示出了本发明的高冗余性FBG传感模块的工作原理示意图。如图3a和图3b所示，
图3a和图3b中包括6个完整的FBG模块单元200，FBG模块单元200包括2条传感支路130，分别为第一传感支路130a和第二传感支路130b。每个FBG模块单元200的冗余度为1，则该FBG模块单元的冗余度为6，箭头实线为传感方向，×为故障点的位置，6个FBG模块单元200包括6个FBG传感器202，分别为FBG1(202a)、FBG2(202b)、FBG3(202c)、FBG4(202d)、FBG5(202e)和FBG6(202f)，每个FBG模块单元200包括一个2×2耦合器201，2×2耦合器201和FBG传感器202之间通过传感光纤110连接。
当高冗余性FBG传感模块工作时，故障位置和初始1×2光开关120状态如图3a所示，1×2光开关120选通第一传感支路130a，传感方向为顺时针，系统只有FBG3(202c)、FBG4(202d)、FBG5(202e)和FBG6(202f)共4个FBG传感器202正常工作，工作可靠性只有原有系统的66.7％，此时计算机根据检测到的FBG信号，可以判断出传感器有部分失效，然后计算机发送指令控制1×2光开关120驱动，进而控制开关状态，使得1×2光开关120切换到第二传感支路130b，传感方向为逆时针，如图3b所示，此时计算机可以检测到FBG1(202a)、FBG2(202b)、FBG3(202c)和FBG6(202f)，通过计算机下发指令，使得1×2光开关120不间断地在第一传感支路130a和第二传感支路130b快速切换，这样计算机就可以检测到所有FBG传感器202，传感可靠性提高了33.3％。验证了本发明设计的FBG传感模块100的高冗余性，若FBG传感模块100包含N个FBG传感单元200，则FBG传感模块100的冗余度即为N。
本发明的优点至少在于：
1.本发明设计的每个FBG传感单元的冗余度均为1，因此若FBG传感模块包含N个FBG传感单元，则FBG模块的冗余度即为N，远大于传统传感模块的冗余度，具有较强的冗余能力。
2.本发明利用1×2光开关的组合使用，根据传感网络的反馈，能解决多点故障导致的计算机接收不到部分FBG信号的问题，提高了系统的可靠性。
结合这里披露的本发明的说明和实践，本发明的其他实施例对于本领域技术人员都是易于想到和理解的。说明和实施例仅被认为是示例性的，本发明的真正范围和主旨均由权利要求所限定。

Claims (5)

1.一种高冗余性FBG传感模块，包括：
传感光纤、1×2光开关、2条传感支路以及由FBG传感单元构成的FBG传感阵列，所述传感光纤与所述1×2光开关的输入端连接，所述1×2光开关的输出端通过所述2条传感支路分别与FBG传感阵列相连；
其中，所述FBG传感阵列包括多个构成FBG传感阵列的FBG传感单元，所述FBG传感单元之间以串联的方式连接；所述FBG传感单元由1个2×2耦合器和1个FBG传感器构成，所述FBG传感器的左侧通过传感光纤连接前一个所述FBG传感单元的所述2×2耦合器的一个右侧，所述FBG传感器的右侧通过传感光纤连接和其构成所述FBG传感单元的2×2耦合器的左侧，所述2×2耦合器的另一左侧通过传感光纤连接前一个所述FBG传感单元的2×2耦合器的另一右侧，所述2×2耦合器的另一右侧通过传感光纤连接后一个所述FBG传感单元的2×2耦合器的左侧；所述FBG传感单元发生1个或多个故障点，通过控制所述1×2光开关切换至2条传感支路，可以实现计算机检测到所述FBG传感单元。
2.根据权利要求1所述的高冗余性FBG传感模块，其中，所述高冗余性FBG传感模块的每个FBG传感单元的冗余度均为1。
3.根据权利要求2所述的高冗余性FBG传感模块，其中，所述高冗余性FBG传感模块的冗余度的大小等于所述FBG传感单元的数量。
4.根据权利要求1所述的高冗余性FBG传感模块，其中，所述FBG传感单元发生故障点位置为所述传感光纤上。
5.根据权利要求1所述的高冗余性FBG传感模块，其中，所述FBG传感模块所包含的所述FBG传感器的数目由解调技术决定。
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