CN105780571A - 杀虫剂释缓纸基地膜的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种杀虫剂释缓纸基地膜的制备方法,包括以下步骤:将废旧的棉纤维煮浆除杂‑废纸脱墨‑废旧棉纤维和废纸打浆‑抄纸制成薄膜‑农药微胶囊化‑采用浸渍法将农药微胶囊负载与纸基薄膜上制成农药缓释胶囊纸基地膜。本发明的纸基地膜药药效稳定,减少农药的浪费,降低农药的危害,并具有良好的缓释性能,环保可降解,埋入土壤后不污染土壤。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及农业生产应用技术领域,具体涉及杀虫剂释缓纸基地膜的制备方法。
背景技术
常见的杀虫地膜原料为PVC/PE,这些塑料残片在土壤中无法降解,并且会将土壤包裹,使土壤结块,影响作物生长,制备可降解的地膜是未来的发展趋势。我国是棉纺大国,每年废弃的棉纤维废料达到45万吨,另外每年的废纸总含量超过两亿吨,处理困难,废旧的棉纤维和废纸均为天然棉纤维,在土壤中能够完全降解为二氧化碳和水,对土壤不造成伤害,也不影响经济作物。
目前已有专利号CN103289134A公开了可完全生物降解的多功能地膜及其制备方法,其以淀粉类天然生物聚合物为主要原料并添加肥料、杀虫剂、除草剂等物质制成多功能地膜,专利号CN102428852A公开了可降解农用天然驱虫地膜及其制备方法,其将植物纤维和天然植物提取液制成可降解驱虫地膜,未见将废弃的棉纤维和废纸复合使用制成具有杀虫作用的纸基地膜。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于,针对现有技术,提供杀虫剂释缓纸基地膜的制备方法。
为实现上述目的,本发明采取以下技术方案:杀虫剂缓释纸基地膜的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)棉纤维煮浆除杂:向棉纤维中添加棉纤维质量的4~5%的氢氧化钠,5~8%棉纤维质量的H2O2,1~4%棉纤维质量的十二烷基苯磺酸钠,0.01~0.1%棉纤维质量的蒽醌,0.01~0.1%棉纤维质量的乙二胺四乙酸,添加水至固液比为1:5~7,蒸煮120~140min后用蒸馏水洗涤备用;
(2)废纸脱墨:向废纸中添加0.1~0.5%纸质量的脱墨剂,1~2%纸质量的氢氧化钠、5~7%纸质量的的H2O2,2~5%纸质量的硅酸钠,在温度为55~60℃,脱墨30~40min,将脱完墨的浆料用水洗涤备用;
(3)打浆:用打浆机分别对棉纤维和纸浆进行打浆直至纸浆的打浆度为50°SR,棉纤维的打浆度为40°SR;
(4)抄纸:将步骤(3)所得的浆液混合,加入阳离子淀粉、聚丙烯酰胺、增湿强剂、水溶性聚乙烯醇纤维后抄纸成型,再用石蜡做浸渍,压制成25~35g/m2的地膜;
(5)农药微胶囊化:按20~30g:1ml的比例将聚已内酯溶于二氯甲烷中,加入杀虫剂,在室温下搅拌4h得到油相,再按1~2g:100ml的比例将聚乙烯醇加入去离子水中,保持水温20℃润涨0.5~1h,在加热至90℃,搅拌2.5h得到水相,将油相溶于水相,用均质机以5000~6000r/min的转速均质5min后,添加0.01~0.03%液体体积的异戊醇,并置于28℃恒温磁力搅拌器上搅拌3h得到微胶囊悬浮液,用离心机将悬浮液离心、清洗、置于45℃烘箱中干燥3~5h,得到农药微胶囊;
(6)将聚丙烯酸钠作为分散剂将农药微胶囊均匀分散后添加胶黏剂制成微胶囊涂料,将纸基地膜浸渍于微囊涂料中1min,用涂布器将纸上的部分涂料刮掉,控制凃布量为4~5g/m2,晾干。
其中,所述的杀虫剂为氯氰菊酯、氯吡硫磷、吡虫啉、辛硫磷、甲维盐的一种或几种。
其中,所述的棉纤维浆液和纸浆液的混合液比例为:90~100:1。
其中,所述的胶黏剂为丁苯胶乳、聚乙烯醇、聚乙酸乙酯、聚异丁酯、聚丙烯酸酯的一种或几种。
其中,所述的聚己内酯与杀虫剂的质量份数比为1:3。
其中,步骤(6)中,所述的微胶囊涂料中聚丙烯酸钠的用量为农药微胶囊质量的0.1~0.3%,所述的微胶囊涂料中胶黏剂的用量为农药微胶囊质量的0.1~2%。
进一步的,所述的棉纤维抄造的地膜,纤维相互缠绕在一起,形成网状结构,具有一定的强度,但空隙大,棉纤维添加废纸浆抄造的地膜,可以填充棉纤维中的间隙,增加纤维与纤维之间的氢键连接,提高了地膜的强度。
进一步的,棉纤维和废纸中加入水溶性聚乙烯醇纤维以及阳离子淀粉、阳离子聚丙烯酰胺增湿强剂后,纤维之间的孔洞都被助剂和胶剂填充,可形成均匀而且透明度较高的棉质地膜。
进一步的,所述的聚己内酯与杀虫剂的质量份数比为1:3时,聚已内酯与杀虫剂可形成规则圆球形,表面光滑,半透性的微胶囊,杀虫剂可通过聚已内酯的缓释实现农药微胶囊的长久杀虫效果。
进一步的,所述的胶黏剂可将农药微胶囊粘附于纸基纤维上,胶黏剂的粘合作用可在纸基地膜表面形成致密的胶膜,改善纸基地膜的物理性质,同时,胶黏剂中的羧基和纸基地膜的羟基形成氢键,可进一步提高纸基地膜的性能。
本发明的有益效果是:
1、本发明以废旧棉纤维为原料制备纸基地膜既可良好的利用废旧资源,有可解决土壤废旧问题。
2、本发明通过农药微囊化后通过胶黏剂浸渍到废旧棉纤维纸基地膜上,农药药效稳定,相比于直接喷洒和粘合涂布,减少农药的浪费,相比于用杀虫剂与高分子树脂吹塑成膜,杀虫剂分布均匀,降低农药的危害。
3、本发明的地膜具备良好的缓释性能,28d后缓释率达到80%,还具有环保可降解性,埋入土壤后不污染土壤的优点。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例,对本发明进一步的说明。
实施例1
杀虫剂释缓纸基地膜的制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)棉纤维煮浆除杂:向棉纤维中添加棉纤维质量的4%的氢氧化钠,5%棉纤维质量的H2O2,1%棉纤维质量的十二烷基苯磺酸钠,0.01%棉纤维质量的蒽醌,0.01%棉纤维质量的乙二胺四乙酸,添加水至固液比为1:5,蒸煮120min后用蒸馏水洗涤备用;
(2)废纸脱墨:向废纸中添加0.1%纸质量的脱墨剂,1%纸质量的氢氧化钠、5%纸质量的的H2O2,2%纸质量的硅酸钠,在温度为55℃,脱墨30min,将脱完墨的浆料用水洗涤备用;
(3)打浆:用打浆机分别对棉纤维和纸浆进行打浆直至纸浆的打浆度为50°SR,棉纤维的打浆度为40°SR;
(4)抄纸:将步骤(3)所得的浆液混合成棉纤维浆液和纸浆液的比例为:90:1,加入阳离子淀粉、聚丙烯酰胺、增湿强剂、水溶性聚乙烯醇纤维后抄纸成型,再用石蜡做浸渍,压制成25g/m2的地膜;
(5)氯氰菊酯微胶囊化:按20g:1ml的比例将聚已内酯溶于二氯甲烷中,按聚己内酯与氯氰菊酯的质量份数比为1:3加入氯氰菊酯,在室温下搅拌4h得到油相,再按1g:100ml的比例将聚乙烯醇加入去离子水中,保持水温20℃润涨0.5h,在加热至90℃,搅拌2.5h得到水相,将油相溶于水相,用均质机以5000r/min的转速均质5min后,添加0.01%液体体积的异戊醇,并置于28℃恒温磁力搅拌器上搅拌3h得到微胶囊悬浮液,用离心机将悬浮液离心、清洗、置于45℃烘箱中干燥3h,得到氯氰菊酯微胶囊;
(6)将聚丙烯酸钠作为分散剂将氯氰菊酯微胶囊均匀分散后添加胶黏剂制成含有0.1%氯氰菊酯微胶囊质量的聚丙烯酸钠,含有0.1%氯氰菊酯微胶囊质量的胶黏剂的微胶囊涂料,将纸基地膜浸渍于微囊涂料中1min,用涂布器将纸上的部分涂料刮掉,控制凃布量为4g/m2,晾干,其中,胶黏剂为聚乙烯醇和聚乙酸乙酯混合物。
实施例2
杀虫剂释缓纸基地膜的制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)棉纤维煮浆除杂:向棉纤维中添加棉纤维质量的5%的氢氧化钠,8%棉纤维质量的H2O2,4%棉纤维质量的十二烷基苯磺酸钠,0.1%棉纤维质量的蒽醌,0.1%棉纤维质量的乙二胺四乙酸,添加水至固液比为1:7,蒸煮140min后用蒸馏水洗涤备用;
(2)废纸脱墨:向废纸中添加0.5%纸质量的脱墨剂,2%纸质量的氢氧化钠、7%纸质量的的H2O2,5%纸质量的硅酸钠,在温度为60℃,脱墨40min,将脱完墨的浆料用水洗涤备用;
(3)打浆:用打浆机分别对棉纤维和纸浆进行打浆直至纸浆的打浆度为50°SR,棉纤维的打浆度为40°SR;
(4)抄纸:将步骤(3)所得的浆液混合成棉纤维浆液和纸浆液的比例为:100:1,加入阳离子淀粉、聚丙烯酰胺、增湿强剂、水溶性聚乙烯醇纤维后抄纸成型,再用石蜡做浸渍,压制成35g/m2的地膜;
(5)氯吡硫磷微胶囊化:按30g:1ml的比例将聚已内酯溶于二氯甲烷中,按聚己内酯与氯吡硫磷的质量份数比为1:3加入杀虫剂,在室温下搅拌4h得到油相,再按2g:100ml的比例将聚乙烯醇加入去离子水中,保持水温20℃润涨1h,在加热至90℃,搅拌2.5h得到水相,将油相溶于水相,用均质机以6000r/min的转速均质5min后,添加0.03%液体体积的异戊醇,并置于28℃恒温磁力搅拌器上搅拌3h得到微胶囊悬浮液,用离心机将悬浮液离心、清洗、置于45℃烘箱中干燥5h,得到氯吡硫磷微胶囊;
(6)将聚丙烯酸钠作为分散剂将氯吡硫磷微胶囊均匀分散后添加胶黏剂制成含有0.3%氯吡硫磷微胶囊质量的聚丙烯酸钠,含有2%氯吡硫磷微胶囊质量的胶黏剂的微胶囊涂料,将纸基地膜浸渍于微囊涂料中1min,用涂布器将纸上的部分涂料刮掉,控制凃布量为5g/m2,晾干,其中,胶黏剂为丁苯胶乳。
实施例3
杀虫剂释缓纸基地膜的制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)棉纤维煮浆除杂:向棉纤维中添加棉纤维质量的4.5%的氢氧化钠,6%棉纤维质量的H2O2,3%棉纤维质量的十二烷基苯磺酸钠,0.08%棉纤维质量的蒽醌,0.08%棉纤维质量的乙二胺四乙酸,添加水至固液比为1:6,蒸煮130min后用蒸馏水洗涤备用;
(2)废纸脱墨:向废纸中添加0.3%纸质量的脱墨剂,2%纸质量的氢氧化钠、6%纸质量的的H2O2,4%纸质量的硅酸钠,在温度为58℃,脱墨35min,将脱完墨的浆料用水洗涤备用;
(3)打浆:用打浆机分别对棉纤维和纸浆进行打浆直至纸浆的打浆度为50°SR,棉纤维的打浆度为40°SR;
(4)抄纸:将步骤(3)所得的浆液混合成棉纤维浆液和纸浆液的比例为:95:1,加入阳离子淀粉、聚丙烯酰胺、增湿强剂、水溶性聚乙烯醇纤维后抄纸成型,再用石蜡做浸渍,压制成30g/m2的地膜;
(5)农药微胶囊化:按25g:1ml的比例将聚已内酯溶于二氯甲烷中,按聚己内酯与杀虫剂的质量份数比为1:3加入杀虫剂,在室温下搅拌4h得到油相,再按1g:100ml的比例将聚乙烯醇加入去离子水中,保持水温20℃润涨0.8h,在加热至90℃,搅拌2.5h得到水相,将油相溶于水相,用均质机以6000r/min的转速均质5min后,添加0.02%液体体积的异戊醇,并置于28℃恒温磁力搅拌器上搅拌3h得到微胶囊悬浮液,用离心机将悬浮液离心、清洗、置于45℃烘箱中干燥4h,得到农药微胶囊;
(6)将聚丙烯酸钠作为分散剂将农药微胶囊均匀分散后添加胶黏剂制成含有0.2%农药微胶囊质量的聚丙烯酸钠,含有1%农药微胶囊质量的胶黏剂的微胶囊涂料,将纸基地膜浸渍于微囊涂料中1min,用涂布器将纸上的部分涂料刮掉,控制凃布量为5g/m2,晾干。其中,杀虫剂为吡虫啉、辛硫磷、和甲维盐,胶黏剂为聚异丁酯和聚丙烯酸酯的混合物。
Claims (7)
1.杀虫剂释缓纸基地膜的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)棉纤维煮浆除杂:向棉纤维中添加棉纤维质量的4~5%的氢氧化钠,5~8%棉纤维质量的H2O2,1~4%棉纤维质量的十二烷基苯磺酸钠,0.01~0.1%棉纤维质量的蒽醌,0.01~0.1%棉纤维质量的乙二胺四乙酸,添加水至固液比为1:5~7,蒸煮120~140min后用蒸馏水洗涤备用;
(2)废纸脱墨:向废纸中添加0.1~0.5%纸质量的脱墨剂,1~2%纸质量的氢氧化钠、5~7%纸质量的的H2O2,2~5%纸质量的硅酸钠,在温度为55~60℃,脱墨30~40min,将脱完墨的浆料用水洗涤备用;
(3)打浆:用打浆机分别对棉纤维和纸浆进行打浆直至纸浆的打浆度为50°SR,棉纤维的打浆度为40°SR;
(4)抄纸:将步骤(3)所得的浆液混合,加入阳离子淀粉、聚丙烯酰胺、增湿强剂、水溶性聚乙烯醇纤维后抄纸成型,再用石蜡做浸渍,压制成25~35g/m2的地膜;
(5)农药微胶囊化:按20~30g:1ml的比例将聚已内酯溶于二氯甲烷中,加入杀虫剂,在室温下搅拌4h得到油相,再按1~2g:100ml的比例将聚乙烯醇加入去离子水中,保持水温20℃润涨0.5~1h,在加热至90℃,搅拌2.5h得到水相,将油相溶于水相,用均质机以5000~6000r/min的转速均质5min后,添加0.01~0.03%液体体积的异戊醇,并置于28℃恒温磁力搅拌器上搅拌3h得到微胶囊悬浮液,用离心机将悬浮液离心、清洗、置于45℃烘箱中干燥3~5h,得到农药微胶囊;
(6)将聚丙烯酸钠作为分散剂将农药微胶囊均匀分散后添加胶黏剂制成微胶囊涂料,将纸基地膜浸渍于微囊涂料中1min,用涂布器将纸上的部分涂料刮掉,控制凃布量为4~5g/m2,晾干。
2.根据权利要求1所述的杀虫剂释缓纸基地膜的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的杀虫剂为氯氰菊酯、氯吡硫磷、吡虫啉、辛硫磷、甲维盐的一种或几种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的杀虫剂释缓纸基地膜的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的棉纤维浆液和纸浆液的混合液比例为:90~100:1。
4.根据权利要求1所述的杀虫剂释缓纸基地膜的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的胶黏剂为丁苯胶乳、聚乙烯醇、聚乙酸乙酯、聚异丁酯、聚丙烯酸酯的一种或几种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的杀虫剂释缓纸基地膜的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(5)中,所述的聚己内酯与杀虫剂的质量份数比为1:3。
6.根据权利要求1所述的杀虫剂释缓纸基地膜的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(6)中,所述的微胶囊涂料中聚丙烯酸钠的用量为农药微胶囊质量的0.1~0.3%。
7.根据权利要求1或4所述的杀虫剂释缓纸基地膜的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(6)中,所述的微胶囊涂料中胶黏剂的用量为农药微胶囊质量的0.1~2%。
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