CN105778638B - 一种防腐蚀防静电涂料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种防腐蚀防静电涂料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种涂料,特别是一种防腐蚀防静电涂料及其制备方法。其原料包括:成膜物质、纳米金属纤维、化学防锈颜料、填料和助剂;所述纳米金属纤维的金属电位低于钢铁的电位。本发明的有益效果为:采用纳米氧化锌纤维。避免了纳米氧化锌易聚团不仅分散的缺陷。由于导电纤维直径小,长径比大,仅需很少量的导电纤维就能在涂层中形成导电的网络结构,可减小对涂层其它性能的影响。克服了传统观念上的涂层导静电性能与腐蚀防护性能的矛盾性,通过一种油漆同时实现了防腐蚀以及导静电两种功能。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种涂料以及涂料的制备方法,特别是一种防腐蚀防静电涂料及其制备方法。
背景技术
静电是一种自然现象,在我们的日常生活中广泛存在。其产生的方式有多种,如接触、摩擦等。人体自身的动作或与其他物体的接触,分离,摩擦或感应等因素,可以产生几千伏甚至上万伏的静电。静电可能造成的危害主要有:(1)静电放电可产生火花,在易燃易爆品存在的地方可能引发爆炸和火灾;(2)对人体健康造成危害。因此,油罐内壁的防静电处理尤为重要。
随着我国国民经济和石油化工的迅速发展,储油罐的使用量在不断增加,其防腐与安全问题日益受到人们的重视。长期使用的油罐内壁会产生大量疏松的金属氧化皮,对油品造成污染,严重者会导致腐蚀穿孔,从而造成资源浪费、环境污染、甚至导致火灾事故的发生。
早期涂装采用的防腐涂料耐油性、防腐性基本能满足要求,但不具备导电性,容易引起静电积累,从而埋下火灾隐患。但在随后的应用过程中发现,涂层在满足导静电性能的同时,其防腐性能却急剧恶化,因此开发同时具有防腐防静电性能的涂料是目前研究的方向。
抗静电涂料分为添加型和本征型两类,本征型抗静电涂料技术尚不成熟,目前市面上大量使用的抗静电涂料一般为添加型涂料。添加型抗静电涂料是在不导电的基料中添加一定的导电填料实现导静电的功能,只有导电填料的体积分数达到一定的程度才能形成导电网络或通路,体现出导电的性质。常用的导电填料有:碳系材料(炭黑,石墨等)、金属粉末(银粉、铜粉、镍粉等)、半导体金属氧化物(氧化锡、氧化铁、氧化锌)、导电纳米粒子和防静电助剂等。其中金属粉末密度大,形成导电通路需要较大的体积分数。表层易氧化,会降低甚至失去导电性,而且耐腐蚀性差,从而影响涂层的其他性能,因此金属粉末作为导电填料的应用受到一定限制:抗静电剂耐温性、耐水性、耐油性、耐腐蚀性、耐久性差,抗静电性能不稳定。早期抗静电涂料一般采用碳系材料作为导电填料,黑色导电石墨和炭黑分散性差,产品颜色黑,不容易调制为较浅的其它颜色。目前国内采用的导静电填料以价格低廉的石墨为主,而石墨的电位远高于铁,当电解质溶液到达钢铁表面时,容易产生电偶腐蚀。
随着科技的发展,逐渐出现了半导体金属氧化物和纳米导电粉等新型导电填料,并在抗静电导电涂料中得以应用。这类材料颜色浅,易于调色,丰富了抗静电涂料的颜色体系,但这类材料单独使用时添加量大,分散稳定性较差,会影响涂料及其涂层的性能,因此一般与碳系材料配合使用。
发明内容
为克服现有技术的不足,本发明旨在提供一种对人体及周围环境危害小的防腐蚀防静电涂料。本发明解决其技术问题是采取以下技术方案实现的:
一种防腐蚀防静电涂料,其原料包括:成膜物质、纳米金属纤维、化学防锈颜料、填料和助剂;所述纳米金属纤维的金属电位低于钢铁的电位。
在优选方式下,所述纳米金属纤维为纳米氧化锌纤维;所述成膜物质为苯丙乳液;所述化学防锈颜料为酪酸盐颜料和磷酸盐颜料中的一种或两种;所述的填料主要包含导电云母粉、导电二氧化钛或导电氧化锌中的一种或两种以上;所述助剂包括润湿分散助剂、流平剂、消泡剂、PH值调节剂、增稠剂、成膜助剂、防冻剂、偶联剂、表面状态控制助剂中的一种或多种。
本发明还保护制备上述一种防腐蚀防静电涂料的方法,包含下列步骤:
1)防腐蚀防静电浆体的制备,按各原料所占质量百分比为:
纳米氧化金属纤维:0.3-9%;
化学防腐颜料:20-30%;
填料:20-30%;
助剂:0.3-5%;
稀释剂:33-40%;
其中,所述纳米氧化金属纤维为纳米氧化锌纤维;所述化学防腐颜料为磷酸锌;所述填料为导电云母粉和导电氧化锌;所述助剂包含消泡剂、润湿分散助剂、流平剂以及成膜助剂;所述稀释剂为去离子水;
在调速分散机内,依次加入步骤1原料,1000-3000r/min高速分散1小时,研磨10-20分钟,超声波分散搅拌20-30分钟;
2)防腐蚀防静电涂料的制备,按各原料所占质量百分比为:
成膜物质:30-50%;
助剂:0.2-5%;
其中,所述成膜物质为丙烯酸乳液,所述助剂包含消泡剂、流平剂、成膜助剂、增稠剂和pH调节剂;
取步骤1制得的浆体,在300-500r/min慢速搅拌下依次加入步骤2原料搅拌均匀,过滤包装即得成品。
本发明的优点和积极效果是:
(1)采用纳米氧化锌纤维。避免了纳米氧化锌易聚团不易分散的缺陷,且避免了金属粉末密度大,形成导电通路需要较大的体积分数的缺点。纳米氧化锌纤维作为导电填料的抗静电涂料,由于导电纤维直径小,长径比大,可达16:1,仅需很少量的导电纤维就能在涂层中形成导电的网络结构,可减小对涂层其它性能的影响。
(2)通过加入偶联剂、润湿分散助剂提高了涂层的致密性和对基材的附着力。通过加入消泡剂助剂提高涂料的施工性能,减少针孔、凹坑等表面缺陷的发生,通过在底漆中加入化学防腐蚀颜料,进一步赋予涂层钝化缓蚀功能,降低钢铁表面的腐蚀速率。
(3)克服了传统观念上的涂层导静电性能与腐蚀防护性能的矛盾性,通过一种油漆同时实现了防腐蚀以及导静电两种功能。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施例对本发明作进一步详述。以下实施例只是描述性的,不是限定性的,不能以此限定本发明的保护范围。实施例中所述实验方法如无特殊说明,均为常规方法;如无特殊说明,所述试剂和材料,均可从商业途径获得。
实施例1
纳米氧化锌纤维的合成过程如下:
将1mol/L Zn(CH3COO)2溶液作为前驱体放入烧杯中,将NaNO2添加入前驱体中,持续磁力搅拌并缓慢添加NaNO2至终浓度为3mol/L时,停止滴加并将上述溶液转移至聚四氟乙烯内胆的高压釜中,保持其填充度为80%。在190摄氏度恒温反应1小时,在高压下打开阀门卸压,同时切断电源令高压釜自然冷却至室温。抽滤并收集白色沉淀。用去离子水反复冲洗去除多余离子,于90摄氏度烘箱中真空干燥。
通过此方法制得的纳米氧化锌为纤维型,长径比为16:1。
实施例2
一种防腐蚀防静电涂料的各原料组分按质量份为:苯丙乳液25-30%,纳米氧化锌纤维0.2-10%,磷酸锌15-20%,导电云母粉10-15%,导电氧化锌5-10%,涂料助剂2-5%,去离子水15-25%。涂料助剂包含按质量份:NXZ消泡剂0.3-0.5%,乙二醇2-3%,2020流平剂0.3-0.5%以及TEXANOL1321成膜助剂3-4%。
实施例3
热反射隔热防腐蚀涂料的合成:
称取按照实施例1方法制备好的纳米氧化锌纤维1克,加100克去离子水配置成混合液。磁力搅拌状态下依次加入NXZ消泡剂1克、乙二醇7.5克、磷酸锌65克、导电云母粉45克和导电氧化锌20克。1000r/min高速搅拌分散1小时,研磨10-20分钟,超声波分散搅拌20-30分钟,得到颜填料浆料。
取上述浆料210克加入90克苯丙乳液,300-500r/min低速搅拌下依次加入NXZ消泡剂1克、2020流平剂1.5克、TEXANOL1321成膜助剂5克,滴加氨水调节pH值至8-9。均匀搅拌20min后缓慢加入ATE-431增稠剂0.2克调整涂料粘度,经过滤分装后制成成品。
本发明为新型高科技环保纳米材料,无毒无害环保。表面处理后主要技术指标达到下列指标:
Claims (4)
1.一种防腐蚀防静电涂料,其特征在于,其原料包括:成膜物质、纳米金属纤维、化学防锈颜料、填料和助剂;
所述纳米金属纤维为纳米氧化锌纤维;
所述助剂包括润湿分散助剂、流平剂、消泡剂、pH值调节剂、增稠剂、成膜助剂、防冻剂、偶联剂、表面状态控制助剂中的一种或多种;
所述的填料为导电云母粉、导电二氧化钛或导电氧化锌中的一种或两种以上;
纳米氧化锌纤维的合成过程如下:
将1mol/L Zn(CH3COO)2溶液作为前驱体放入烧杯中,将NaNO2添加入前驱体中,持续磁力搅拌并缓慢添加NaNO2至浓度为3mol/L时,停止滴加并将上述溶液转移至聚四氟乙烯内胆的高压釜中,保持其填充度为80%;在190摄氏度恒温反应1小时,在高压下打开阀门卸压,同时切断电源令高压釜自然冷却至室温;抽滤并收集白色沉淀;用去离子水反复冲洗去除多余离子,于90摄氏度烘箱中真空干燥;通过此方法制得的纳米氧化锌为纤维型,长径比为16:1。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种防腐蚀防静电涂料,其特征在于:所述成膜物质为苯丙乳液。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种防腐蚀防静电涂料,其特征在于:所述化学防锈颜料为铬酸盐颜料和磷酸盐颜料中的一种或两种。
4.制备权利要求1所述的一种防腐蚀防静电涂料的方法,其特征在于包含下列步骤:
1)防腐蚀防静电浆体的制备,按原料所占质量百分比为:
纳米金属纤维:0.3-9%;
化学防腐颜料:20-30%;
填料:20-30%;
助剂:0.3-5%;
稀释剂:33-40%;
其中,所述纳米金属纤维为纳米氧化锌纤维;所述化学防腐颜料为磷酸锌;所述填料为导电云母粉和导电氧化锌;所述助剂包含消泡剂、润湿分散助剂、流平剂以及成膜助剂;所述稀释剂为去离子水;
在调速分散机内,依次加入步骤1)原料,高速分散1小时,研磨10-20分钟,超声波分散搅拌20-30分钟;
2)防腐蚀防静电涂料的制备:按原料所占质量百分比为:
成膜物质:30-50%;
助剂:0.2-5%;
其中,所述成膜物质为苯丙乳液,所述助剂包含消泡剂、流平剂、成膜助剂、增稠剂和pH调节剂;
取步骤1)制得的浆体,在300-500r/min慢速搅拌下依次加入步骤2)原料搅拌均匀,过滤包装即得成品;所述涂料中各原料用量之和为100%。
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