CN105777487B - 一种脂肪酸甲酯加氢制备脂肪醇的方法 - Google Patents
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
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- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C29/00—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C29/132—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen containing functional group
- C07C29/136—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen containing functional group of >C=O containing groups, e.g. —COOH
- C07C29/147—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen containing functional group of >C=O containing groups, e.g. —COOH of carboxylic acids or derivatives thereof
- C07C29/149—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen containing functional group of >C=O containing groups, e.g. —COOH of carboxylic acids or derivatives thereof with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/52—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using catalysts, e.g. selective catalysts
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/54—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using solvents, e.g. supercritical solvents or ionic liquids
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种脂肪酸甲酯加氢制备脂肪醇的方法。采用固定床反应器,反应温度为200~250℃,反应压力为6.0~8.0MPa,空速为0.1~3h‑1,氢/油摩尔比为(5~30):1,脂肪酸甲酯与加氢催化剂接触发生加氢反应,生成脂肪醇与甲醇;反应过程中同时通入C7‑C9烷烃。相当于脂肪酸甲酯质量1%~5%的C7‑C9烷烃与脂肪酸甲酯共同进料,可有效消除体系中生成的甲醇对催化剂活性的影响,显著提高催化剂的活性和稳定性,同时降低氢气消耗量。相比超临界工艺,避免了大量溶剂的消耗,降低工艺成本,且所得产品纯度较高。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种脂肪酸甲酯加氢制备脂肪醇的方法。
背景技术
高碳脂肪醇分子中既有疏水基如碳氢链,又有亲水基如羟基,具有两亲的特性,可用于表面活性剂,去污能力强,生物降解快;以生物质为原料制备的脂肪醇由于原料的可再生性,其前景被广泛看好。脂肪醇可以发生脱水反应生成α-烯烃,可用作降烯烃(HDPE和LLDPE)共聚单体,还可用于生产塑料,聚烯烃弹性体,合成润滑油,或作为石油添加剂。
脂肪酸甲酯加氢制备相应的醇多选择铜系催化剂,铜系催化剂表现出较强的反应活性及选择性。
CN101085718A中公开了一种采用超临界工艺的脂肪酸甲酯制备脂肪醇的方法,使用CuCrMnBaSi系催化剂,以二甲醚为超临界溶剂,脂肪酸甲酯、氢气、二甲醚的摩尔比为1:4:9.4,其中二甲醚占反应物料总质量的60%,反应温度为250℃,反应压力6MPa的条件下,脂肪酸甲酯转化率为99%,脂肪醇的选择率为99%。但该工艺中催化剂复杂,特别是二甲醚消耗量较大。
CN101468939A中公开了一种脂肪酸甲酯超临界加氢制备高碳醇的方法,使用CuCr催化剂,以正戊烷、正己烷或其混合物,或重整抽余油为超临界溶剂,添加量占反应物料总质量的80%~90%,降低传质阻力,从而降低氢气消耗量,氢油摩尔比为1.5~2.5:1,反应温度为220~280℃,反应压力5~7MPa的条件下,脂肪酸甲酯转化率为85.3%~85.8%,脂肪醇的选择率为100%。但脂肪酸甲酯转化率较低,且同样存在超临界溶剂消耗量大的问题。
且对于上述超临界工艺,反应器前还需要设有密闭混合器,使超临界溶剂达到其超临界状态;另外,由于超临界溶剂具有优异的溶解性,且使用量较大,造成后续产品分离困难,随着市场对产品纯度要求的提高,分离单元的能耗高,难度大。
另外,本发明的研究发现,加氢产物甲醇容易在催化剂表面吸附,占据了催化剂表面的活性位,降低催化剂的活性和稳定性。
发明内容
针对现有技术不足,本发明提供了一种脂肪酸甲酯加氢制备脂肪醇的方法。
一种脂肪酸甲酯加氢制备脂肪醇的方法,采用固定床反应器,反应温度为200~250℃,反应压力为6.0~8.0MPa,空速为0.1~3h-1,氢/油摩尔比为(5~30):1,脂肪酸甲酯与加氢催化剂接触发生加氢反应,生成脂肪醇与甲醇;反应过程中同时通入C7-C9烷烃。
优选地,
脂肪酸甲酯中预先混合C7-C9烷烃后进料。
C7-C9烷烃的加入量为脂肪酸甲酯质量的1%~5%。
所述C7-C9烷烃为正辛烷或正庚烷。
所述催化剂为铜基催化剂。
所述催化剂为Cu-ZnO/Al2O3催化剂、Cu/SiO2催化剂、Cu-B2O3-CaO/Al2O3催化剂。
工艺原理:脂肪酸甲酯加氢制备脂肪醇过程中产生甲醇,吸附在催化剂表面,占据催化剂活性位,降低催化剂的活性和稳定性,因此,生产过程中需要更多的氢气对催化剂进行吹扫,造成资源浪费;C7-C9烷烃与脂肪酸甲酯共同进料,使产物甲醇与C7-C9烷烃形成共沸,首先,一方面,催化剂对共沸后的甲醇的吸附能能力显著降低;另一方面,C7-C9烷烃促进吸附在催化剂活性位上的甲醇的解吸附,从而有效消除了体系中生成的甲醇对催化剂活性的影响,提高催化剂的稳定性,同时降低了吹扫催化剂用氢气消耗量;其次,甲醇通过共沸被带出反应器,促进反应平衡右移,进一步提高脂肪酸甲酯的转化率。
本发明的有益效果为:脂肪酸甲酯与相当于脂肪酸甲酯质量1%~5%的C7-C9烷烃共同进料,可有效消除体系中生成的甲醇对催化剂活性的影响,同时促进反应平衡右移,提高催化剂的活性(脂肪酸甲酯转化率为99%以上,脂肪醇选择性为100%)和稳定性,同时降低氢气消耗量。
相比超临界工艺,避免了大量溶剂的消耗,降低工艺成本,且所得产品纯度较高。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式对本发明做进一步说明。应该强调的是,下述说明仅仅是示例性的,而不是为了限制本发明的范围及其应用。
以下对比例和实施例中均采用Cu-B2O3-CaO/Al2O3催化剂,其中,以干基氧化铝的质量为基准,还原前催化剂含CuO:15%,B2O3:5%,CaO:30%。
对比例1
固定床管式反应器中,脂肪酸甲酯为原料制备脂肪醇,反应温度230℃,反应压力8.0MPa,原料质量空速为0.5h-1,氢气与脂肪酸甲酯的摩尔比为30:1,连续反应10小时,对反应产物做气相色谱分析,结果如表1。
对比例2
固定床管式反应器中,脂肪酸甲酯为原料制备脂肪醇,反应温度为230℃,反应压力6.0MPa,原料质量空速为0.5h-1,氢气与脂肪酸甲酯的摩尔比为30:1,连续反应10小时,对反应产物做气相色谱分析,结果如表1。
实施例1
固定床管式反应器中,脂肪酸甲酯为原料制备脂肪醇,脂肪酸甲酯中添加2wt%的正辛烷,反应温度为230℃,反应压力6.0MPa,原料质量空速为0.5h-1,氢气与脂肪酸甲酯的摩尔比为30:1,连续反应10小时,对反应产物做气相色谱分析,结果如表1。
实施例2
固定床管式反应器中,脂肪酸甲酯为原料制备脂肪醇,脂肪酸甲酯中添加2wt%的正辛烷,反应温度为230℃,反应压力6.0MPa,原料质量空速为0.5h-1,氢气与脂肪酸甲酯的摩尔比为20:1,连续反应10小时,对反应产物做气相色谱分析,结果如表1。
实施例3
固定床管式反应器中,脂肪酸甲酯为原料制备脂肪醇,脂肪酸甲酯中添加3wt%的正辛烷,反应温度为230℃,反应压力6.0MPa,原料质量空速为0.5h-1,氢气与脂肪酸甲酯的摩尔比为20:1,连续反应10小时,对反应产物做气相色谱分析,结果如表1。
实施例4
固定床管式反应器中,脂肪酸甲酯为原料制备脂肪醇,脂肪酸甲酯中添加4wt%的正辛烷,反应温度为230℃,反应压力6.0MPa,原料质量空速为0.5h-1,氢气与脂肪酸甲酯的摩尔比为20:1,连续反应10小时,对反应产物做气相色谱分析,结果如表1。
实施例5
固定床管式反应器中,脂肪酸甲酯为原料制备脂肪醇,脂肪酸甲酯中添加3wt%的正庚烷,反应温度为230℃,反应压力6.0MPa,原料质量空速为0.5h-1,氢气与脂肪酸甲酯的摩尔比为20:1,连续反应10小时,对反应产物做气相色谱分析,结果如表1。
实施例6
固定床管式反应器中,脂肪酸甲酯为原料制备脂肪醇,脂肪酸甲酯中添加3wt%的正辛烷,反应温度为230℃,反应压力6.0MPa,原料质量空速为0.5h-1,氢气与脂肪酸甲酯的摩尔比为10:1,连续反应10小时,对反应产物做气相色谱分析,结果如表1。
实施例7
固定床管式反应器中,脂肪酸甲酯为原料制备脂肪醇,脂肪酸甲酯中添加3wt%的正辛烷,反应温度为230℃,反应压力6.0MPa,原料质量空速为0.5h-1,氢气与脂肪酸甲酯的摩尔比为6:1,连续反应10小时,对反应产物做气相色谱分析,结果如表1。
实施例8
固定床管式反应器中,脂肪酸甲酯为原料制备脂肪醇,脂肪酸甲酯中添加3wt%的正辛烷,反应温度为230℃,反应压力6.0MPa,原料质量空速为0.5h-1,氢气与脂肪酸甲酯的摩尔比为20:1,连续反应1500小时,对反应产物做气相色谱分析,结果如表2。
表1-表2中,实施例1-8脂肪醇的选择性均为100%。
表1
表2
Claims (5)
1.一种脂肪酸甲酯加氢制备脂肪醇的方法,其特征在于,采用固定床反应器,反应温度为200~250℃,反应压力为6.0~8.0MPa,空速为0.1~3h-1,氢/油摩尔比为(5~30):1,脂肪酸甲酯与加氢催化剂接触发生加氢反应,生成脂肪醇与甲醇;反应过程中同时通入C7-C9烷烃,C7-C9烷烃的加入量为脂肪酸甲酯质量的1%~5%,使产物甲醇与C7-C9烷烃形成共沸,甲醇通过共沸被带出反应器。
2.根据权利要求1所述一种脂肪酸甲酯加氢制备脂肪醇的方法,其特征在于,脂肪酸甲酯中预先混合C7-C9烷烃后进料。
3.根据权利要求1所述一种脂肪酸甲酯加氢制备脂肪醇的方法,其特征在于,所述C7-C9烷烃为正辛烷。
4.根据权利要求1所述一种脂肪酸甲酯加氢制备脂肪醇的方法,其特征在于,所述催化剂为铜基催化剂。
5.根据权利要求4所述一种脂肪酸甲酯加氢制备脂肪醇的方法,其特征在于,所述催化剂为Cu-ZnO/Al2O3催化剂、Cu/SiO2催化剂、Cu-B2O3-CaO/Al2O3催化剂。
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