CN105774138B - 一种饰面竹塑地热地板及其热压加工方法 - Google Patents

一种饰面竹塑地热地板及其热压加工方法 Download PDF

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CN105774138B
CN105774138B CN201610125354.8A CN201610125354A CN105774138B CN 105774138 B CN105774138 B CN 105774138B CN 201610125354 A CN201610125354 A CN 201610125354A CN 105774138 B CN105774138 B CN 105774138B
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郭勇
王莉
朱诗留
陈玉霞
刘盛全
涂道伍
苏娜
张凯婷
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Anhui Agricultural University AHAU
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Abstract

一种饰面竹塑地热地板及其热压加工方法,该地板由竹塑地板基材层、玻璃纤维布层、重竹单板层组合而成。该竹塑地板基材层的材料按质量比组分为,PVC和聚醚嵌段酰胺共混物30‑35%、竹炭粉6‑8%、瓷石粉25‑35%、润滑剂3‑5%、偶联剂2‑3%,余分为竹粉。制造方法中,先将竹材粉碎,经氟化处理后将其与瓷石粉高温混合,再其它组分一起投入高速混和分散机升温至125‑130℃后混合20分钟,然后冷却至45℃;最后经挤出机挤出得到竹塑地板基材;再将竹塑地板基材与玻璃纤维布、重竹单板涂布热熔胶后组坯复合,经热压等工序即得饰面竹塑地热地板。本发明地板具有天然的材料纹理、较高的导热效能、较低的热膨胀系数、较好的力学性能、不易翘曲变形,可广泛的使用在地热地板领域。

Description

一种饰面竹塑地热地板及其热压加工方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种竹塑复合材料,尤其涉及一种饰面竹塑地热地板的制造方法。
背景技术
传统的竹塑复合地板是利用竹粉、热塑性塑料和相关助剂按照一定比例混合、造粒、熔融挤出而成的一种型材。由于具有力学强大、尺寸稳定性好、防潮、防腐、耐老化等优点,现已大量运用于室外地板、栈道等相关领域。室内使用竹塑复合地板由于缺少表面天然纹理、脚感不佳、安装等问题往往不被人们所接受。
近年来随着人们生活水平的提高,地热木质地板逐渐受到人们的喜爱。但是木质地热地板中直接采用竹塑复合材料的还非常少见,这主要是因为地热地板的热源一般为埋设于地板下的热水管、发热电缆等。由于地热地板采暖的特殊性,因此地板必须具备优良的热传导性、热稳定性、抗变形性好的要求。目前市面上所销售的竹塑地板通常是利用竹纤维与热塑性塑料添加相关助剂,熔融共混挤出成型,存在竹质纤维与热塑性塑料界面相容性较差、导热效能低、热膨胀系数高,极易翘曲等问题,只能作为普通的地板来使用,不能满足地热地板的日益扩展的需求。
因此,如果改变传统竹塑复合材料基材特性,并复合天然竹质材料,不仅可以解决竹塑复合地板作为地热地板易变形,热传导性差等问题,而且可以提高竹塑复合地板的天然质感和使用者的舒适性。
发明内容
本发明是以竹粉、陶瓷加工企业中的生坯废料、热塑性塑料(PVC和聚醚嵌段酰胺共混物)为主要原料,通过粉碎、预处理、高混、挤出、养生、竹单板干燥、涂布热熔胶、组坯复合、砂光、油漆、开榫等工序来制造饰面竹塑地热地板。
本发明解决技术问题采用如下方案:
一种饰面竹塑地热地板,其特征在于,所述地板由竹塑地板基材层、玻璃纤维布层、重竹单板层组合而成。
作为优选,所述竹塑地板基材层的材料按质量比由如下组分构成PVC和聚醚嵌段酰胺共混物30-35%、竹炭粉6-8%、瓷石粉25-35%、润滑剂3-5%、偶联剂2-3%,余分为竹粉。
作为优选,竹粉22%、PVC和聚醚嵌段酰胺共混物35%、竹炭粉8%、瓷石粉30%、润滑剂3%、偶联剂2%。
作为优选,所述PVC和聚醚嵌段酰胺共混物按质量比6:4的比例混合而成。
作为优选,所述润滑剂为硬脂酸和乙撑双硬脂酸酰胺的混合物,质量比为1:1;
作为优选,所述偶联剂为异氰酸酯。
作为优选,所述竹塑地板基材层的厚度为6-8mm、所述玻璃纤维布层厚度为1mm;所述重竹单板层厚度为2mm。
一种饰面竹塑地热地板的加工方法,其特点在于,包括如下步骤:
1)将竹材或竹材边角料放入磨粉机中磨粉处理,经过筛分处理后得到300目竹粉颗粒;
2)将竹粉颗粒放入烘箱150℃温度条件下,进行4小时干燥处理;
3)将干燥好的竹粉混合均匀后放入反应釜中,控制竹粉的厚度小于1cm,将氮气通入反应釜中,充分置换釜内空气1-2次后,通入F2/N2混合气体置换反应釜中的氮气,然后在45℃、60℃、75℃各反应1个小时;反应结束后,用氮气置换反应釜中的气体2次,其中氮气置换第一次保持在室温条件下置换1小时,第二次在140℃条件下置换1小时;得氟化处理的竹粉颗粒;
4)将瓷石或瓷石废料破碎后放入磨粉机中进行磨粉处理,经过筛分处理后得250-300目瓷石粉;
5)首先将竹粉与瓷石粉放入高速混和分散机加热混合至90℃,再将PVC和聚醚嵌段酰胺共混物、竹炭粉、润滑剂和偶联剂一起投入高速混和分散机升温至125-130℃后混合20分钟,然后冷却至45℃待用;
6)将混合好的粒料输送至锥型双螺杆挤出机料斗中,温度185℃-195℃、转数25r/min-30r/min、挤出、截断制成竹塑地板基材;
7)将挤出好的竹塑地板基材取出后,放在室温条件下养生48小时;
8)将竹塑地板基材经宽带砂光机定厚砂光后,厚度为6-8mm,长度为92-95cm,密度为1.1-1.2g/cm3
9)通过热熔胶将玻璃纤维布热贴到竹塑地板基材上后,再将2mm厚的重竹锯切单板使用涂布机通过热熔胶热贴到复合玻璃纤维布的竹塑地板基材上;所述的2mm厚重竹单板含水率控制在9-11%,涂布机热贴温度为130℃,涂布机转滚间隙为2mm(转滚间隙代表涂布的胶厚),所用热熔胶为PUR,涂胶量为50-60g/m2,室温控制在15-25℃,湿度为30%-45%;
10)将复合后的竹塑复合地板取出后,放在室温条件下养生48小时;
11)将养生后的竹塑复合地板经砂光、油漆、开榫工序得饰面竹塑地热地板。
与已有技术相比,本发明有益效果体现在:
本发明提出利用竹粉和陶瓷加工企业中的生坯废料,首先通过配方优化设计生产木塑地热基材,再通过复合重竹单板,生产饰面竹塑地热地板。不仅可以节约资源,消除污染,替代大量的木质地板,对可持续发展战略的实施具有重要的意义。
采用本发明方法制备的饰面竹塑地热地板具有天然的材料纹理、较高的导热效率、较低的热膨胀系数、较好的力学性能和环保性、不易翘曲变形,结构简单,生产效率高、生产成本较低,制备的饰面竹塑地热地板可广泛的使用在地热地板领域,具有良好的市场前景。
本发明竹粉采用氟化处理技术可以减少纤维素和半纤维中羟基(OH)的数量。另外,竹粉表面的氢原子可以发生氟取代反应,氟原子F取代竹粉表面的氢原子H后,形成了C-F结构层,这些特征使得竹粉表面具有高的热稳定性和憎水憎油的特性,增强了与PVC和聚醚嵌段酰胺共混物塑料基体的界面相容性,并且氟化处理没有破坏竹纤维的物理结构。
本发明饰面竹塑地热地板塑料基体采用PVC和聚醚嵌段酰胺共混物可以改善PVC基体的热稳定性、抗老化性、抗冲击性能以及与竹粉的界面相容性。
本发明加入纳米级竹炭粉可以填充竹纤维与塑料基体之间的界面间隙,提高饰面竹塑地热地板的力学性能、导热性和热稳定性。加入瓷石粉可以进一步提高饰面竹塑地热地板的导热性和热稳定性。
以下通过具体实施例对本发明技术方案做进一步解释说明。
具体实施方式
本发明实施例中所使用的各组分中,瓷石粉来源于安徽六安市龙穴山瓷石矿,瓷石废料取自陶瓷加工过程中的坯体废料,烧成废料以及陶瓷抛光渣等;PVC(生产厂家:中国石化齐鲁石油化工公司)、聚醚嵌段酰胺(生产厂家:法国阿科玛化工有限公司)、纳米级竹炭粉(生产厂家:衢州现代炭业有限公司)、硬脂酸(生产厂家:广州市启林化工有限公司)和乙撑双硬脂酸酰胺(生产厂家:四川天宇油脂化学有限公司)、异氰酸酯(生产厂家:巴斯夫(中国)有限公司),玻璃纤维布(生产厂家:南京牧龙玻纤制品厂),均为市售商品。
实施例1
一种竹塑地板基材,按质量比由如下组分构成,竹粉25%、PVC和聚醚嵌段酰胺共混物30%、竹炭粉6%、瓷石粉32%、润滑剂5%、偶联剂2%。
其中,PVC和聚醚嵌段酰胺共混物按质量比4:6的比例混合而成。润滑剂为硬脂酸和乙撑双硬脂酸酰胺的混合物,按质量比是2:1;偶联剂为异氰酸酯。
实施例2
一种竹塑地板基材,按质量比由如下组分构成,竹粉20%、PVC和聚醚嵌段酰胺共混物33%、竹炭粉7%、瓷石粉32%、润滑剂5%、偶联剂3%。
其中,PVC和聚醚嵌段酰胺共混物按质量比5:5的比例混合而成。润滑剂为硬脂酸和乙撑双硬脂酸酰胺的混合物,按质量比是1:1;偶联剂为异氰酸酯。
实施例3
一种竹塑地板基材,按质量比由如下组分构成,竹粉22%、PVC和聚醚嵌段酰胺共混物35%、竹炭粉8%、瓷石粉30%、润滑剂3%、偶联剂2%。
其中,PVC和聚醚嵌段酰胺共混物按质量比6:4的比例混合而成。润滑剂为硬脂酸和乙撑双硬脂酸酰胺的混合物,按质量比是1:1;偶联剂为异氰酸酯。
实施例4
一种饰面竹塑地热地板,该地板由竹塑地板基材层、玻璃纤维布层、重竹单板层组合而成。其中竹塑地板基材层由实施例1-3所公开的竹塑地板基材制成。
其中,竹塑地板基材层的厚度为6-8mm、玻璃纤维布层厚度为1mm;重竹单板又称竹丝板,是一种现有市售高密度竹板。重竹单板层厚度为2mm。
实施例5
该实施例为实施例4饰面竹塑地热地板的制造方法,具体步骤如下:
1)将竹材或竹材边角料放入磨粉机中磨粉处理,经过筛分处理后得到300目竹粉颗粒;
2)将竹粉颗粒放入烘箱150℃温度条件下,进行4小时干燥处理;
3)将干燥好的竹粉混合均匀后放入反应釜中,控制竹粉的厚度小于1cm,将氮气通入反应釜中,充分置换釜内空气1-2次后(约3小时),通入F2/N2(混合体积比是3:1)混合气体置换反应釜中的氮气(约2小时),然后分别在45℃、60℃、75℃温度下各反应1个小时;反应结束后,用氮气置换反应釜中的气体2次,其中氮气置换第一次保持在室温条件下置换1小时,第二次在140℃条件下置换1小时;得氟化处理的竹粉颗粒;
4)将瓷石或瓷石废料破碎后放入磨粉机中进行磨粉处理,经过筛分处理后得250-300目瓷石粉;
5)首先将竹粉与瓷石粉放入高速混和分散机加热混合至90℃,再将PVC和聚醚嵌段酰胺共混物、竹炭粉、润滑剂和偶联剂一起投入高速混和分散机升温至125-130℃后混合20分钟,然后冷却至45℃待用;
6)将混合好的粒料输送至锥型双螺杆挤出机料斗中,温度185℃-195℃、转数25r/min-30r/min、挤出、截断制成竹塑地板基材;
7)将挤出好的竹塑地板基材取出后,放在室温条件下养生48小时;
8)将竹塑地板基材经宽带砂光机定厚砂光后,厚度为6-8mm,长度为92-95cm,密度为1.1-1.2g/cm3
9)首先使用涂布机热贴玻璃纤维布到竹塑地板基材上后,再将2mm厚的重竹锯切单板使用涂布机热贴到复合玻璃纤维布的竹塑地板基材上;2mm厚重竹单板含水率控制在9-11%,涂布温度为130℃,涂布机转滚间隙为2mm(转滚间隙代表涂布的胶厚),所用热熔胶为PUR,涂胶量为50-60g/m2,室温控制在15-25℃,湿度为30%-45%;
10)将复合后的竹塑复合地板取出后,放在室温条件下养生48小时;
11)将养生后的竹塑复合地板经砂光、油漆、开榫工艺得饰面竹塑地热地板。
该制备方法中所涉及的砂光、油漆、开榫,均为现有工艺方法,在此不再详述。
表1

Claims (4)

1.一种饰面竹塑地热地板的加工方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
1)将竹材或竹材边角料放入磨粉机中磨粉处理,经过筛分处理后得到300目竹粉颗粒;
2)将竹粉颗粒放入烘箱150℃温度条件下,进行4小时干燥处理;
3)将干燥好的竹粉混合均匀后放入反应釜中,控制竹粉的厚度小于1cm,将氮气通入反应釜中,充分置换釜内空气1-2次后,通入F2/N2混合气体置换反应釜中的氮气,然后在45℃、60℃、75℃各反应1个小时;反应结束后,用氮气置换反应釜中的气体2次,其中氮气置换第一次保持在室温条件下置换1小时,第二次在140℃条件下置换1小时;得氟化处理的竹粉颗粒;
4)将瓷石或瓷石废料破碎后放入磨粉机中进行磨粉处理,经过筛分处理后得250-300目瓷石粉;
5)首先将竹粉与瓷石粉放入高速混和分散机加热混合至90℃,再将PVC和聚醚嵌段酰胺共混物、竹炭粉、润滑剂和偶联剂一起投入高速混和分散机升温至125-130℃后混合20分钟,然后冷却至45℃待用;
6)将混合好的粒料输送至锥型双螺杆挤出机料斗中,温度185℃-195℃、转数25r/min-30r/min、挤出、截断制成竹塑地板基材;
7)将挤出好的竹塑地板基材取出后,放在室温条件下养生48小时;
8)将竹塑地板基材通过宽带砂光机定厚砂光后,厚度为6-8mm,长度为92-95cm,密度为1.1-1.2g/cm3
9)首先使用涂布机通过热熔胶将玻璃纤维布热贴到竹塑地板基材上后,再将2mm厚的重竹锯切单板使用涂布机通过热熔胶热贴到复合玻璃纤维布的竹塑地板基材上;所述的2mm厚重竹单板含水率控制在9-11%,涂布机热贴温度为130℃,涂布机转滚间隙为2mm,所述热熔胶为PUR,涂胶量为50-60g/m2,室温控制在15-25℃,湿度为30%-45%;
10)将复合后的竹塑复合地板取出后,放在室温条件下养生48小时;
11)将养生后的竹塑复合地板经砂光、油漆、开榫加工工序得饰面竹塑地热地板。
2.一种权利要求1所述加工方法加工的饰面竹塑地热地板,其特征在于,所述地板由竹塑地板基材层、玻璃纤维布层、重竹单板层组合而成;
所述竹塑地板基材层的材料按质量比由如下组分构成:PVC和聚醚嵌段酰胺共混物30-35%、竹炭粉6-8%、瓷石粉25-35%、润滑剂3-5%、偶联剂2-3%,余分为竹粉;
所述PVC和聚醚嵌段酰胺共混物按质量比6:4的比例混合而成;
所述润滑剂为硬脂酸和乙撑双硬脂酸酰胺的混合物,按质量比为1:1。
3.如权利要求2所述的饰面竹塑地热地板,其特征在于,竹粉22%、PVC和聚醚嵌段酰胺共混物35%、竹炭粉8%、瓷石粉30%、润滑剂3%、偶联剂2%。
4.如权利要求3所述的一种饰面竹塑地热地板,其特征在于,所述偶联剂为异氰酸酯。
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