CN105771930A - 用于垃圾焚烧烟气处理的吸附组合物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
用于垃圾焚烧烟气处理的吸附组合物及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于垃圾焚烧烟气处理的吸附组合物及其制备方法,包括以下重量份数的原料:改性纳米酸钙8‑12份、明矾5‑10份、沸石分子筛15‑25份、赤泥20‑30份、锰矿尾渣10‑15份、二氧化锆1‑3份、尿素6‑10份、聚丙烯酰胺10‑18份和聚丙烯酸甲酯3‑5份。本发明提供的吸附组合物既可以吸附焚烧垃圾烟气中的重金属,还可以吸附HCl、HF、SO2、二噁英等污染物,简化焚烧垃圾烟气处理的流程,降低焚烧垃圾烟气处理的运营成本。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及空气净化技术领域,具体是一种用于垃圾焚烧烟气处理的吸附组合物及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着人民生活水平的提高以及城镇人口的迅速增加,工业和生活垃圾也越来越多,垃圾对环境污染日益严重,有些城市已经被垃圾包围,成为各地政府的重大难题。目前城市生活垃圾的处理方式主要包括填埋、焚烧和堆肥三种。其中采用焚烧法处理生活垃圾虽然具有减量化、减容化、无害化以及可实现热值回收利用等优点。目前焚烧发电是现在流行和国家比较倡导的,垃圾焚烧发电不但可以处理垃圾,同时也可以缓解能源的紧张。但是垃圾焚烧技术也带了一定的环境问题,由于垃圾成分特殊性,垃圾焚烧同时会产生二次污染物。垃圾中会产生形成 HCl、HF和SO2等酸性气体,这些酸性气体对于人和环境都有很大影响;垃圾中有机物会产生剧毒的二恶英类物质,同时也会产生颗粒物和重金属等对人类健康有很大威胁的物质。尤其是二恶英和酸性气体的环境毒性及其健康危害引起了社会的广泛关注。如果对这些物质不加以处理将会带来很大的环境问题,同时对人民生活健康带来威胁。
目前,国内针对垃圾焚烧烟气污染治理主要采用单一污染物控制组合技术,采用的控制路线主要是“活性炭喷射控制重金属+ 除尘+ 脱硫”,如建设布袋除尘器或静电除尘器用以除尘、建设干法、半干法、湿法脱硫设施用以控制酸性气体、建设活性炭喷射装置用以控制重金属及二噁英等。虽然污染物单独处理方式能有效的控制垃圾焚烧烟气中的HCl、HF、SO2、重金属及二噁英等污染物,但该种处理方式存在工艺复杂、投资运行成本高等问题,阻碍了垃圾焚烧烟气大规模的推广应用。活性炭吸附法由于具有成本相对较低、操作简单等优势而应用于重金属的吸附,但是对其他的污染物的吸附效果很差,还需经过除尘、脱硫等处理。因此,研究一种高效、多功能、低成本的能够一次有效去除焚烧垃圾烟气产生的HCl、HF、SO2、重金属及二噁英等污染物是当今的研究重点。
发明内容
本发明针对现有现有吸附剂存在的问题,提供一种能够一次有效去除焚烧垃圾烟气产生的HCl、HF、SO2、重金属及二噁英等污染物的吸附组合物。该吸附剂具有成本低、吸附效率高、原料来源广泛、制备工艺简单等优点。
为了实现以上目的,本发明采用的技术方案如下:
一种用于垃圾焚烧烟气处理的吸附组合物,包括以下重量份数的原料:改性纳米酸钙8-12份、明矾5-10份、沸石分子筛15-25份、赤泥20-30份、锰矿尾渣10-15份、二氧化锆1-3份、尿素6-10份、聚丙烯酰胺10-18份和聚丙烯酸甲酯3-5份。
优选地,以上所述用于垃圾焚烧烟气处理的吸附组合物,包括以下重量份数的原料:改性纳米酸钙10份、明矾8份、沸石分子筛18份、赤泥28份、锰矿尾渣15份、二氧化锆3份、尿素9份、聚丙烯酰胺18份和聚丙烯酸甲酯4份。
优选地,以上所述改性纳米碳酸钙是在纳米碳酸钙中加入其重量比为2%的改性剂,所述改性剂由重量比为1:3的氢氧化钠和月桂醇聚醚硫酸酯钠组成,然后在温度为65-75℃、转速为300-500r/min下搅拌30-60分钟,再经过滤,干燥,粉碎至150-250目,即可得到改性纳米碳酸钙。
一种用于垃圾焚烧烟气处理的吸附组合物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)按照以上重量份称取明矾、沸石分子筛、赤泥、锰矿尾渣、二氧化锆,将各组分加入球磨机粉碎至100-150目,然后将粉碎后的物料加入马沸炉中,升温至800-900℃,恒温保持30-60分钟,冷却至室温,出料备用;
(2)按照以上比例取改性纳米酸钙、尿素、聚丙烯酰胺和聚丙烯酸甲酯加入搅拌机,加入上述经过焙烧后的物料,然后加入适量水,在转速为200-300r/min下搅拌15-30分钟,得浆状物;
(3)取上述浆状物在温度为60-80℃下烘干,然后加入制粒机,制成粒度为2-4mm的颗粒。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果:
1、本发明提供的吸附组合物既可以吸附焚烧垃圾烟气中的重金属,还可以吸附HCl、HF、SO2、二噁英等污染物,简化焚烧垃圾烟气处理的流程,降低焚烧垃圾烟气处理的运营成本。
2、本发明的配方中加入赤泥和锰铁矿,不仅能实现废弃资源的合理利用,降低吸附剂的成本,还能提高吸附剂的吸附性能。
3、本发明配方中加入聚丙烯酰胺和聚丙烯酸甲酯,可以提高吸附剂对重金属离子的吸附效果。
4、本发明在吸附组合物中加入改性纳米碳酸钙,提供吸附剂对HCl、HF和SO2酸性气体的吸附能力。
5、本发明提供的吸附组合物成本低廉,原料来源广泛,环保无毒,制备工艺简单,其比表面积大,吸附量大,能够有效去除垃圾焚烧烟气中的有害物质。
6、本发明能够一次实现多种污染物的高效去除,其中对HCl、HF和SO2酸性气体的去除率达到97.5%以上,对重金属的去除率在95.0%以上,对二噁英去除率达到96%以上,吸附性能极为优异。
具体实施方式
下面将结合具体实施例对本发明详细说明,但不限于本发明的保护范围。
实施例1
一种用于垃圾焚烧烟气处理的吸附组合物,包括以下重量份数的原料:改性纳米酸钙8份、明矾8份、沸石分子筛15份、赤泥20份、锰矿尾渣12份、二氧化锆1份、尿素6份、聚丙烯酰胺10份和聚丙烯酸甲酯4份。
制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)按照以上重量份称取明矾、沸石分子筛、赤泥、锰矿尾渣、二氧化锆,将各组分加入球磨机粉碎至100目,然后将粉碎后的物料加入马沸炉中,升温至800℃,恒温保持60分钟,冷却至室温,出料备用;
(2)按照以上比例取改性纳米酸钙、尿素、聚丙烯酰胺和聚丙烯酸甲酯加入搅拌机,加入上述经过焙烧后的物料,然后加入100份重量份的水,在转速为200r/min下搅拌20分钟,得浆状物;
(3)取上述浆状物在温度为60℃下烘干,然后加入制粒机,制成粒度为3mm的颗粒。
实施例2
一种用于垃圾焚烧烟气处理的吸附组合物,包括以下重量份数的原料:改性纳米酸钙10份、明矾10份、沸石分子筛20份、赤泥30份、锰矿尾渣10份、二氧化锆2份、尿素8份、聚丙烯酰胺12份和聚丙烯酸甲酯3份。
制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)按照以上重量份称取明矾、沸石分子筛、赤泥、锰矿尾渣、二氧化锆,将各组分加入球磨机粉碎至100目,然后将粉碎后的物料加入马沸炉中,升温至900℃,恒温保持30分钟,冷却至室温,出料备用;
(2)按照以上比例取改性纳米酸钙、尿素、聚丙烯酰胺和聚丙烯酸甲酯加入搅拌机,加入上述经过焙烧后的物料,然后加入100份重量份的水,在转速为300r/min下搅拌15分钟,得浆状物;
(3)取上述浆状物在温度为70℃下烘干,然后加入制粒机,制成粒度为2mm的颗粒。
实施例3
一种用于垃圾焚烧烟气处理的吸附组合物,包括以下重量份数的原料:改性纳米酸钙12份、明矾5份、沸石分子筛25份、赤泥25份、锰矿尾渣13份、二氧化锆3份、尿素10份、聚丙烯酰胺15份和聚丙烯酸甲酯5份。
制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)按照以上重量份称取明矾、沸石分子筛、赤泥、锰矿尾渣、二氧化锆,将各组分加入球磨机粉碎至150目,然后将粉碎后的物料加入马沸炉中,升温至800℃,恒温保持25分钟,冷却至室温,出料备用;
(2)按照以上比例取改性纳米酸钙、尿素、聚丙烯酰胺和聚丙烯酸甲酯加入搅拌机,加入上述经过焙烧后的物料,然后加入120份重量份的水,在转速为200r/min下搅拌30分钟,得浆状物;
(3)取上述浆状物在温度为80℃下烘干,然后加入制粒机,制成粒度为3mm的颗粒。
实施例4
一种用于垃圾焚烧烟气处理的吸附组合物,包括以下重量份数的原料:改性纳米酸钙10份、明矾8份、沸石分子筛18份、赤泥28份、锰矿尾渣15份、二氧化锆3份、尿素9份、聚丙烯酰胺18份和聚丙烯酸甲酯4份。
制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)按照以上重量份称取明矾、沸石分子筛、赤泥、锰矿尾渣、二氧化锆,将各组分加入球磨机粉碎至120目,然后将粉碎后的物料加入马沸炉中,升温至900℃,恒温保持30分钟,冷却至室温,出料备用;
(2)按照以上比例取改性纳米酸钙、尿素、聚丙烯酰胺和聚丙烯酸甲酯加入搅拌机,加入上述经过焙烧后的物料,然后加入120份重量份的水,在转速为300r/min下搅拌30分钟,得浆状物;
(3)取上述浆状物在温度为70℃下烘干,然后加入制粒机,制成粒度为4mm的颗粒。
本发明吸附组合物应用于处理垃圾焚烧烟气的效果
取本发明实施例1-4得到的吸附组合物,将吸附剂装入烟气吸收塔中,使得吸附组合物与烟气混合,混合后吸附去除气体中的酸性气体、重金属和二噁英等有害物质。其中吸附前HF浓度为57.6mg/m3、HCl浓度为1070.4mg/m3、SO2浓度为698.4mg/m3、Hg重金属浓度为5.1mg/m3、二噁英为2.8ng-TEQ/m3,吸附效果见下表:
本发明实施例的吸附剂通过试验表明,该吸附剂能够一次实现多种污染物的高效去除,其中对HCl、HF和SO2酸性气体去除率达到97.5%以上,对Hg重金属的去除率在95.0%以上,对二噁英去除率达到96%以上,吸附性能极为优异。
Claims (4)
1.一种用于垃圾焚烧烟气处理的吸附组合物,其特征在于:包括以下重量份数的原料:改性纳米酸钙8-12份、明矾5-10份、沸石分子筛15-25份、赤泥20-30份、锰矿尾渣10-15份、二氧化锆1-3份、尿素6-10份、聚丙烯酰胺10-18份和聚丙烯酸甲酯3-5份。
2.根据权利要求1所述用于垃圾焚烧烟气处理的吸附组合物,其特征在于:包括以下重量份数的原料:改性纳米酸钙10份、明矾8份、沸石分子筛18份、赤泥28份、锰矿尾渣15份、二氧化锆3份、尿素9份、聚丙烯酰胺18份和聚丙烯酸甲酯4份。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述用于垃圾焚烧烟气处理的吸附组合物,其特征在于:所述改性纳米碳酸钙是在纳米碳酸钙中加入其重量比为2%的改性剂,所述改性剂由重量比为1:3的氢氧化钠和月桂醇聚醚硫酸酯钠组成,然后在温度为65-75℃、转速为300-500r/min下搅拌30-60分钟,再经过滤,干燥,粉碎至150-250目,即可得到改性纳米碳酸钙。
4.如权利要求1所述一种用于垃圾焚烧烟气处理的吸附组合物的制备方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
(1)按照以上重量份称取明矾、沸石分子筛、赤泥、锰矿尾渣、二氧化锆,将各组分加入球磨机粉碎至100-150目,然后将粉碎后的物料加入马沸炉中,升温至800-900℃,恒温保持30-60分钟,冷却至室温,出料备用;
(2)按照以上比例取改性纳米酸钙、尿素、聚丙烯酰胺和聚丙烯酸甲酯加入搅拌机,加入上述经过焙烧后的物料,然后加入适量水,在转速为200-300r/min下搅拌15-30分钟,得浆状物;
(3)取上述浆状物在温度为60-80℃下烘干,然后加入制粒机,制成粒度为2-4mm的颗粒。
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