CN105770704A - 一种治疗痔疮的中药制剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种治疗痔疮的中药制剂,该中药制剂由以下重量份数的原料制成的:槐花8‑15份;仙鹤草10‑20份;枳壳2‑8份;甘草1‑5份;砂仁0.1‑1份;牛黄0.5‑1份;荆芥5‑15份;地榆5‑20份。该中药制剂具有清热解毒、凉血散癖、清肠利湿、消炎、止血止痛、消肿生肌、长皮、活血化瘀以及促进创面愈合的功效,可以内服和外用,见效快、治疗周期短,治疗痔疮标本兼治,对各种痔疮包括内痔、外痔、混合痔、血痔等有显著的治疗效果,使用该药物治疗痔疮,治愈后尚未见有复发的现象。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及中草药制剂技术领域,具体为一种治疗痔疮的中药制剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
痔(俗称痔疮)别称痔疮,痔核 英文名称hemorrhoid;是一种位于肛门部位的常见疾病,任何年龄都可发病,但随着年龄增长,发病率逐渐增高。在我国,痔是最常见的肛肠疾病,素有“十男九痔”、“十女十痔”的说法。在美国,痔的发病率约为5%。常见症状便血,坠胀感,肿胀、疼痛等。
病因关于痔的病因主要有两种学说。首先是静脉曲张学说,认为痔是直肠下段黏膜下和肛管皮肤下的静脉丛淤血、扩张和屈曲所形成的静脉团。然而目前广为接受的理论是Thomson的肛垫下移学说,认为痔原本是肛管部位正常的解剖结构,即血管垫,是齿状线及以上1.5cm的环状海绵样组织带。只有肛垫组织发生异常并合并有症状时,才能称为痔,才需要治疗,治疗目的是解除症状,而非消除痔体。痔的诱发因素很多,其中便秘、长期饮酒、进食大量刺激性食物和久坐久立是主要诱因。
分类痔按发生部位的不同分为内痔、外痔、混合痔。在肛管皮肤与直肠黏膜的连接处有一条锯齿状的可见的线叫肛管齿状线。在齿状线以上的为内痔,是肛垫的支持结构、静脉丛及动静脉吻合支发生病理改变或移位,被覆直肠黏膜,由于内括约肌收缩,肛垫以Y型沟分为左侧、右前侧、右后侧三块,因此内痔常见于左侧、右前侧及右后侧;在齿状线以下为外痔,被覆肛管黏膜,可分为结缔组织性外痔、静脉曲张性外痔、血栓性外痔;兼有内痔和外痔的为混合痔,是内痔通过静脉丛与相应的外痔融合,即上、下静脉丛的吻合,混合痔脱出肛门外,呈梅花状时,称为环形痔,若被括约肌嵌顿,形成嵌顿性痔。
临床表现:
1.主要表现为便血,便血的性质可为无痛、间歇性、便后鲜血,便时滴血或手纸上带血,便秘、饮酒或进食刺激性食物后加重。
2.单纯性内痔无疼痛仅坠胀感,可出血,发展至脱垂,合并血栓形成、嵌顿、感染时才出现疼痛。
3.内痔分为4度。①Ⅰ度 排便时出血,便后出血可自行停止,痔不脱出肛门;②Ⅱ度常有便血;排便时脱出肛门,排便后自动还纳;③Ⅲ度 痔脱出后需手辅助还纳;④Ⅳ度 痔长期在肛门外,不能还纳;其中,Ⅱ度以上的内痔多形成混合痔,表现为内痔和外痔的症状同时存在,可出现疼痛不适、瘙痒,其中瘙痒常由于痔脱出时有粘性分泌物流出。后三度多成混合痔。
4.外痔平时无特殊症状,发生血栓及炎症时可有肿胀、疼痛。
治疗方法:
1.非手术治疗
无症状的痔不需治疗;有症状的痔无需根治;以非手术治疗为主。
(1)一般治疗 适用于绝大部分的痔,包括血栓性和嵌顿性痔的初期。注意饮食,忌酒和辛辣刺激食物,增加纤维性食物,多摄入果蔬、多饮水,改变不良的排便习惯,保持大便通畅,必要时服用缓泻剂,便后清洗肛门。对于脱垂型痔,注意用手轻轻托回痔块,阻止再脱出。避免久坐久立,进行适当运动,睡前温热水(可含高锰酸钾)坐浴等。
(2)局部用药治疗 已被广泛采用,药物包括栓剂、膏剂和洗剂,多数含有中药成分。
(3)口服药物治疗 一般采用治疗静脉曲张的药物。
(4)注射疗法 对Ⅰ、Ⅱ度出血性内痔效果较好;将硬化剂注射于黏膜下层静脉丛周围,使引起炎症反应及纤维化,从而压闭曲张的静脉;1月后可重复治疗,避免将硬化剂注入黏膜层造成坏死。
(5)物理疗法 激光治疗、冷冻疗法、直流电疗法和铜离子电化学疗法、微波热凝疗法、红外线凝固治疗,较少用。
(6)胶圈套扎 套扎痔根部,阻断其血供以使痔脱落坏死;适用于II、III度内痔,对于巨大的内痔及纤维化内痔更适合。
2.手术治疗
(1)手术指征 保守治疗无效,痔脱出严重,较大纤维化内痔、注射等治疗不佳,合并肛裂、肛瘘等;
(2)手术原则 通过手术使脱垂肛垫复位,尽可能保留肛垫的结构,从而术后尽可能少地影响精细控便能力;
(3)术前准备 内痔表面有溃疡、感染时,先行通便、温热水坐浴保守治疗,溃疡愈合后再手术;做肠道准备。
(4)手术方式 ①血栓性外痔剥离术 适用于血栓性外痔保守治疗后疼痛不缓解或肿块不缩小者。②传统痔切除术 即外剥内扎术。③痔环切术(Whitehead术) 教科书上的经典术式,易导致肛门狭窄,目前临床很少应用。④PPH手术 吻合器痔上直肠黏膜环切钉合术。为意大利Longo医生所创,1998年开始推广,主要适用于脱垂型III-IV度混合痔、环形痔,以及部分出血严重的II度内痔。PPH治疗脱垂痔的机理:环形切除直肠下端2~3厘米黏膜和黏膜下组织,恢复正常解剖结构,即肛垫回位;黏膜下组织的切除,阻断了痔上动脉对痔区的血液供应,使术后痔体萎缩。PPH手术与传统痔切除术相比,手术时间短、术后疼痛轻、恢复快、并发症少,但器械的价格较昂贵。
(5)术后处理 观察有无并发症发生,注意饮食,保持大便通畅。
内痔疮的症状是:
1、便血:排便中或便后出血,色鲜红,有时大便表面附有少量血液,或将手纸染红,有时为滴血或射血。2、内痔发作:内痔平时症状轻微,无大痛苦,如有便秘或腹泻,或过于劳累,就会忽然加重,称为内痔发作。在内痔发作时,痔核突然肿胀、突出、灼热,疼痛,有搏动及异物填塞的感觉。3、疼痛:单纯内痔,一般无疼痛,有时仅感觉肛门部坠胀或排便困难。如发炎肿胀者,痔内有血栓形成或嵌顿,则有疼痛;如脱出未及时复位者,则疼痛加重;如发生嵌顿,有溃烂坏死,引起肛缘发炎水肿,则疼痛剧烈,病人坐卧不安。4、脱出:由于痔核体积增大,排便时受到粪便的挤压,使其逐渐与肌层分离而脱出肛外,有时是1--2个痔核同时脱出,有时是全部痔核并带有直肠粘膜一齐脱出。
内痔的危害:
一、缺铁性贫血:内痔便血,长期容易导致缺铁性贫血,带来头晕、消瘦、食欲不振、免疫力下降等问题。二、引发肛门、肛周器官疾病:内痔长期不治,可能引起其他肛门疾病。
1、肛裂:恐惧排便疼痛,故意忍便等引起大便干结,加重痔疮的同时,干燥粪便摩擦肛管,容易形成肛裂。2、直肠脱垂:长期内痔脱出,会引起直肠黏膜下坠而脱离肠肌,从而引起直肠黏膜随着痔疮一起而脱出于肛门外,造成直肠脱垂。因为女性阴道离肛门距离近,分泌物流入阴道,还会造成妇科炎症。三、消化道功能失调:惧怕疼痛而刻意忍便,减少食量。加上贫血引起的食欲不振,长期容易使人厌食,造成脾胃功能的失常以及整个肌体平衡失常以及营养不良,易导致肝肾疾病、慢性结肠炎等。
目前治痔的方法多种多样,肛泰疗法—PPH微创术,是目前国际领先的治痔新技术,是治疗内痔比较理想的一种方法。该技术是建立在肛垫学说基础上,运用吻合器治疗环状脱垂痔的新技术,不破坏肛垫正常生理功能且显著缩短手术时间并极大减轻术后疼痛的痔吻合术。肛泰疗法—PPH微创术的独特治疗优势在于:微创、痛苦小、出血少、恢复快、无需住院、不影响工作和学习,是目前注重效率的白领人群及中重度痔疮患者治疗的好选择之一。
以下是检索到关于治疗痔疮的中药文献:
1.中国专利,一种用于治疗痔疮的中药制剂及其制备方法,申请号:CN200810167504.7申请日:2008.10.09 ,申请(专利权)人:陕西东泰制药有限公司,摘要:本发明涉及一种用于治疗痔疮的中药制剂及其制备方法,它是由薯莨、槐角、决明子、牡蛎(煅)、人参、山豆根、金银花经加工制成的药物活性成分与药物可接受的载体按一定的配比经加工制成的,该药物载体是淀粉。与现有技术相比:本发明提供的制剂用于治疗Ⅰ、Ⅱ期内痔,疗效显著。
2.中国专利,治疗痔疮的中药制剂及其制备方法,申请号:CN201110031866.5 ,申请日: 2011.01.30 申请(专利权)人:黄荣,摘要:本发明涉及一种治疗痔疮的中药洗剂及其制备方法,其原料包括白菖、无花果根、茎、叶或果、地榆、苦参、蛇床子、苍术等,制备方法是将药物原料用水浸泡、煮制和过滤后制成洗剂、栓剂或膏剂产品。本中药制剂具有消积散瘀,清热利湿,收敛消肿,抗炎解毒,标本兼顾,益气活血的功能,临床上用来治疗痔疮有较好的疗效。
3.中国专利,一种治疗痔疮的中药制剂及其制备方法,申请号:CN200910112214.7,申请日:2009.07.21 ,申请(专利权)人:漳州市中草药研究所,摘要:本发明公开了一种治疗痔疮的中药制剂及其制备方法,属于中药技术领域。本发明的中药制剂配料与配比(重量比)为:水石头50%,大肠头50%。本发明的制备方法是:一、按配方的重量比取出水石头洗净凉干,然后粉碎至150~300目的粉剂;二、按配方的重量比取出大肠头洗干净;三、将洗净后的水石头粉剂和大肠头一起放入煎锅,加入1000克干净的水,煎至二分之一的药汤。使用本发明的药汤分二次在早、晚餐后半个小时内给患者口服。由于本发明利用了水石头和猪大肠相结合,具有能起到了舒筋活血,增强身体抵抗力,减缓和抑制痔疮发病期等作用。
4.中国专利,一种无痛治疗痔疮的中药制剂及其制备方法,申请号:CN201510007424.5,申请日:2015.01.07,申请(专利权)人:山东师范大学,摘要:本发明公开了一种无痛治疗痔疮的中药制剂,是由下述重量份的原料药制成的:地榆10-15份,冰片8-12份,黄芩8-12份,防风8-12份,木通6-10份,赤芍6-10份,白芷6-10份,淡竹叶4-8份,凌霄花4-8份,蜘蛛香3-6份。本发明还公开了该中药组合物的制备方法。本发明的中药制剂内用能有效改善人体内血液生化环境,达到清热解毒,活血消瘀,通便凉血,止血消肿的效果;外用能够抑制患处菌群繁殖、溶解痔核内局部血栓,从而达到快速消除痔疮症状,最终痔核因血栓溶解、静脉曲张平复而消失,实现痔疮的无痛治疗。
5. 中国专利,治疗痔疮的中药制剂及其制备方法 申请号: CN03117642.9 申请日: 2003.04.04 ,申请(专利权)人: 贵州富华药业有限责任公司 摘要:本发明是一种治疗痔疮的中药制剂及其制备方法,它是从胭脂花根中取少量胭脂花根、粉碎成中粉,剩余的胭脂花根和地榆、土大黄、黄连利用水提或醇提的方法将其中的有效成份制作成细粉,然后将得到的细粉与中粉混合均匀,再用现有技术制作成需要的制剂,与现有技术相比:本发明提供的药品疗效确切、明显,使用成本比较低,没有毒副作用,服用方便,具有清热燥湿、收敛止血的功效,能够用于湿热蕴结所致的内痔出血、外痔肿痛;本发明提供的制备方法简单易行,由于药材原料易取易得、所以制备成本低廉,解决了现有技术存在的问题,达到了发明的目的。
6.中国专利,一种治疗痔疮的中药制剂及其制备方法,申请号:CN200910112092.1,申请日:2009.06.29 ,申请(专利权)人:林晚生,摘要:本发明公开了一种治疗痔疮的中药制剂及其制备方法,属于中药技术领域。本发明的中药制剂配料与配比(重量比)为:水石头50%,大肠头50%。本发明的制备方法是:一、按配方的重量比取出水石头洗净凉干,然后粉碎至150~300目的粉剂;二、按配方的重量比取出大肠头洗干净;三、将洗净后的水石头粉剂和大肠头一起放入煎锅,加入1000克干净的水,煎至二分之一的药汤。使用本发明的药汤分二次在早、晚餐后半个小时内给患者口服。由于本发明利用了水石头和猪大肠相结合,具有能起到了舒筋活血,增强身体抵抗力,减缓和抑制痔疮发病期等作用。
7.中国专利,一种与按摩椅配合的治疗痔疮的中药制剂及其制备方法,申请号:CN200910111681.8 ,申请日: 2009.05.07 ,申请(专利权)人:胡明勇,摘要:本发明公开了一种与按摩椅配合的治疗痔疮的中药制剂及其制备方法,属中草药技术领域。本发明制剂配料为黑木耳,当归尾,槟榔,熟大黄,黄柏,龙芽草,槐花,薄荷脑,丁香油,薄荷油。把黑木耳、当归尾、槟榔、熟大黄、黄柏、龙芽草、槐花去掉杂质,并冲洗干净、用破碎机破碎至100~200目,后放进锅中加水至药面的35厘米高、浸泡2个小时,然后加热至温度120度煮1~3个小时,后凉至室温,然后经过滤取上药汁后再加上薄荷脑、丁香油、薄荷油3个药方搅拌均匀,最后装进袋或盒封口包装成产品。将本发明的产品直接安装在按摩椅的坐垫上,开动按摩椅进行控温加热,且实施对患者肛门位置带薄荷等香味的薰气治疗。
8.中国专利,治疗痔疮的中药制剂及其生产方法,申请号: CN200510019453.X 申请日: 2005.09.16 ,申请(专利权)人:广西中医学院制药厂,摘要:本发明涉及治疗痔疮的中药制剂及其制备方法,该中药制剂由刺苋、熟大黄、地榆、防风、三七等中药原料制成,可以制成口服固体制剂或口服液体制剂,具有清热凉血,消肿止痛,化瘀止血功效,用于湿热下注,I、II期内痔。临床试验治疗痔疮的效果好、使用方便、安全可靠、无毒副作用。
痔疮的发病率很高,痔疮患者经手术治疗或其他疗法后,复发率亦较高,因此,痔疮成为大多数患者的梦魇。目前,市场上治疗痔疮的药物也较多,其治疗效果也是肯定的,但是大多存在着成本高,治疗过程痛苦,不易治愈、易复发等缺陷,而且见效较慢,治疗周期长。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对上述现有技术不足而提出的一种低成本、见效快、治疗周期短,治疗过程简单,具有活血化瘀、消肿生肌、止血止痛功效、有显著疗效的治疗痔疮的中药制剂及其制备方法, 制成的中药制剂可以内服也可以外用。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
一种治疗痔疮的中药制剂,由以下重量份数的原料制成:
槐花8-15份;仙鹤草10-20份;枳壳2-8份;甘草1-5份;砂仁0.1-1份;
牛黄0.5-1份;荆芥 5-15份;地榆5-20份。
本发明由槐花、仙鹤草、枳壳、甘草、砂仁等中药药材组成,具有清热解毒、凉血散癖、清肠利湿、消炎、消肿、止血止痛、生肌、长皮以及促进创面愈合的功效,见效快、治疗周期短,治疗痔疮标本兼治,对各种痔疮包括内痔、外痔、混合痔、血痔等有显著的治疗效果。
以上所述的治疗痔疮中药制剂中药配方的各药有效成份分析:
槐花,中文学名:槐花,别称:洋槐花、金药树、护房树、豆槐、槐米、槐蕊,英文名:sophora flower,拉丁学名:Sophora japonica Linn,属槐属 Styphnolobium 分布区域原产我国北部,以黄土高原最为常见。日本、朝鲜及越南有分布。性味归经【性味】:味苦;性微寒①《日华子本草》:味苦,平,无毒。②《滇南本草》:味苦涩,性寒。③《纲目》:味苦,气凉。④《本草求原》:苦咸,寒。【归经】:肝;肺;心;大肠经①《本草汇言》:入手阳明、足厥阴经。②《药品化义》:入肺、大肠二经。③《本草经解》:入手太阴肺经、手少阴心经。功能主治 凉血止血,清肝泻火。用于便血,痔血,血痢,崩漏,吐血,衄血,肝热目赤,头痛眩晕。【功效】用槐花凉血止血,以炒荆芥增强止血功能。用于便血、痔疮出血。中医认为其味苦、性微寒,归肝、大肠经;入血敛降,体轻微散;具有凉血止血,清肝泻火的功效;主治肠风便血,痔血,血痢,尿血,血淋,崩漏,吐血,衄血,肝火头痛,目赤肿痛,喉痹,失音,痈疽疮疡。而从西医的角度看,槐花含芦丁(即芸香苷,Rytub)、槲皮素(Quercetin)、鞣质、槐花二醇(sophoradiol)、维生素A等物质(具体可参见下面的含量表)。芦丁能改善毛细血管的功能,保持毛细血管正常的抵抗力,防止因毛细血管脆性过大,渗透性过高引起的出血、高血压、糖尿病,服之可预防出血。
仙鹤草,中药名:仙鹤草;别名:金顶龙牙、龙芽草、狼牙草等。拉丁植物动物矿物名:Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb.为蔷薇科植物龙牙草的干燥地上部分。夏、秋二季茎叶茂盛时采割,除去杂质,干燥。 生于荒地、山坡、路旁、草地。有收敛止血,止痢,杀虫的功效。主咯血;吐血;尿血;便血;赤白痢疾;崩漏带下;劳伤脱力;痈肿;跌打;创伤出血。【性味】 苦辛,平。①《履巉岩本草》:"味辛涩,温,无毒。"②《滇南本草》:"性微温,味苦涩。"③《生草药性备要》:"味甜,性平。"【归经】 入肺、肝、脾经。功能主治 收敛止血,截疟,止痢,解毒。用于咳血、吐血、治流鼻血有特效、疟疾、脱力劳伤、痈肿。
枳壳,别名枳实、铁篱寨、臭橘、枸橘李、枸橘、臭杞。拉丁学名 Poncirustrifoliata (L.) Raf.落叶灌木或小乔木。多栽培于荒地、路旁,或作庭园绿篱。陕西、甘肃、河北、山东、江苏、安徽、浙江、江西、福建、台湾、河南、湖北、湖南、广东、广西、四川、贵州、云南等地均有栽培。广泛栽种作绿篱。果供药用,能破气消积,并治脱肛等症,也可提有机酸;种子可榨油;叶、花及果皮可提芳香油。枳味苦,可作中药,中国《晏子春秋》中有“南橘北枳”的寓言,晏婴以此故事来说明环境的作用。性味归经【性味】 苦辛,凉。①《雷公炮炙论》:"辛苦。"②《开宝本草》:"味苦酸,微寒,无毒。"③《医学启源》:"气寒,味苦。"【归经】 入肺、脾、大肠经。①《雷公炮制药性解》:"入肺、肝、胃、大肠四经。"②《药品化义》:"入肺、脾、胃、大肠四经。"功能主治:疏肝和胃;理气止痛;消积化滞。主胸胁胀满;脘腹胀痛;乳房结块;疝气疼痛;睾丸肿痛;跌打损伤;食积;便秘;子宫脱垂。
甘草,中文名:甘草,别名:甜草根、红甘草、粉甘草;外文名 Radix Glycyrrhizae,拉丁学名 liquorice root;是一种补益中草药。药用部位是根及根茎,药材性状根呈圆柱形,长25~100cm,直径0.6~3.5cm。天然繁殖,茎挺拔直立,气微味甜而特殊。功能主治清热解毒,祛痰止咳、脘腹等。入药部位豆科植物甘草、胀果甘草或光果甘草的干燥根及根茎。性味归经【性味】:甘,平。①《本经》:味甘,平。②《别录》:无毒。③《本草衍义》:微凉。④《珍珠囊》:生甘,平;炙甘,温。【归经】:入脾、胃、肺经。①《汤液本草》:入足厥阴、太阴、少阴经。②《雷公炮制药性解》:入心、脾二经。③《本草通玄》:入脾、胃。④《本草经解》:入手太阴肺经、足太阴脾经。【功能主治】治五脏六腑寒热邪气,坚筋骨,长肌肉,倍气力,解毒,久服轻身延年。生用泻火热,熟用散表寒,去咽痛,除邪热,缓正气,养阴血,补脾胃,润肺。补脾益气,清热解毒,祛痰止咳,缓急止痛,调和诸药。用于脾胃虚弱,倦怠乏力,心悸气短,咳嗽痰多,脘腹、四肢挛急疼痛,痈肿疮毒,缓解药物毒性、烈性。
砂仁,中文名:砂仁 别名:缩沙蜜、缩砂仁、阳春砂、春砂仁、蜜砂仁,分布区域:福建、广东、广西、云南;汉语拼音:sharen英文名:VillousAmomrumFruit,Cocklebur-likeAmomumFruit,,FruitofVillousAmomum,拉丁学名:FructusAmomi,砂仁(FructusAmomi),是热带和亚热带姜科植物的的果实或种子,是中医常用的一味芳香性药材。目前药用的砂仁的基源主要有三种:一种是主要产于中国广东省的春砂,一种是中国海南的壳砂,还有一种叫缩砂密,主产于东南亚国家。砂仁味辛性温,归脾、胃、肾经,可化湿开胃,温脾止泻,理气安胎等。常用于湿浊中阻,脘痞不饥,脾胃虚寒,呕吐泄泻,妊娠恶阻,胎动不安等。尤其对浅表性胃炎、十二指肠溃疡、胃胀胃痛有特效。平时经常食用则有养胃健脾,暖肺养肾的保健作用。性味:味辛,性温。归经:归脾经、胃经、肾经。功能:化湿开胃,温脾止泻,理气安胎。主治:用于湿浊中阻,脘痞不饥,脾胃虚寒,呕吐泄泻,妊娠恶阻,胎动不安。砂仁主要作用于人体的胃、肾和脾,能够行气调味,和胃醒脾。砂仁常与厚朴、枳实、陈皮等配合,治疗胸脘胀满、腹胀食少等病症。
牛黄,中文学名:牛黄,别称:犀黄,分布区域:西北、华北、东北、西南等地区,拉丁学名: Bos taurus domesticus Gmelin,牛黄是脊索动物门哺乳纲牛科动物牛肝脏的胆结石。在胆囊中产生的称“胆黄”或“蛋黄”,在胆管中产生的的称“管黄”,在肝管中产生的称“肝黄”。中医学认为牛黄气清香,味微苦而后甜,性凉,可用于解热、解毒、定惊。内服治高热神志昏迷、癫狂、小儿惊风、抽搐等症,外用治咽喉肿痛、口疮痈肿、尿毒症。天然牛黄很珍贵,国际上的价格要高于黄金,大部分使用的是所谓人工牛黄。牛黄清热解毒,主治咽喉肿痛,口舌生疮,痈疽疔毒。牛黄有一定的镇静作用、明显的抗惊厥作用和解热作用,气芳香,有良好的清热解毒功能,且能凉肝息风定惊,清心豁痰开窍,凡热毒或痰热所致诸疾均可酌情应用。牛黄能清心热、豁痰浊,可收开窍定惊的功效。牛黄为清热解毒要药,对热毒引起的咽喉肿痛、疮痈肿痛及一些外科疾患属于阳症者都可应用,常配合青黛、冰片等治咽喉肿痛;配金银花、 七叶一枝花、甘草等治疮疡。
荆芥,中文学名: 荆芥,别称:香荆荠、线荠、四棱杆蒿、假苏,分布区域:河南、安徽、江苏、浙江、江西、湖北、河北,外文名称:FineleafSchizonepetaHerb,拉丁学名Nepetacataria L. 荆芥是唇形科植物,入药用其干燥茎叶和花穗。鲜嫩芽小儿镇静最佳,荆芥叶黄绿色,茎方形微带紫色,横切面黄白色,穗子稍黑紫黄绿色。能镇痰、怯风、凉血。治流行感冒,头疼寒热发汗,呕吐。味平,性温,无毒,清香气浓。荆芥为发汗,解热药,是中华常用草药之一。荆芥有发汗解表作用,且有祛风功效。主要治疗感冒风寒,发热恶寒、无汗、头痛、身痛等症,常与防风相需为用。但也可配辛凉解表药或清热解毒药治疗感冒风热、发热恶寒、目赤咽痛等症,如薄荷、菊花、桑叶、银花等。荆芥又常用于疮疡初起有表症者,可配伍防风、银花、连翘、赤芍等同用,既退寒热,又消痈肿。荆芥炒炭应用,有入血分而止血的作用,可用于便血、崩漏等症,在临床上常配合其它止血药同用。①《本经》:主寒热,鼠疫,瘰疬生疮,破结聚气,下瘀血,除湿痹。②《药性论》:治恶风贼风,口面喎邪,遍身顽痹,心虚忘事,益力添精。主辟邪毒气,除劳,治丁肿;取一握切,以水五升,煮取二升,冷分二服,主通利血脉,传送五脏不足气,能发汗,除冷风;又捣末和醋封毒肿。
地榆,中文学名:地榆,别称:黄瓜香、玉札、山枣子,分布区域:黑龙江、辽宁、河北、山西、甘肃等地,外文名称:Garden Burnet Root,地榆为蔷薇科植物地榆(拉丁学名Sanguisorba officinalis L. )或长叶地榆Sanguisorba officinalisL.var.longifolia(Bert.)Yu etLi的干燥根,后者习称“绵地榆”。功能主治:地榆根入药,性微寒、味苦。现代医学研究证明:地榆具有止血凉血、清热解毒、收敛止泻及抑制多种致病微生物和肿瘤的作用,可治疗吐血、血痢、烧灼伤、湿疹、上消化道出血、溃疡病大出血、便血、崩漏、结核性脓疡及慢性骨髓炎等疾病。①《纲目》:地榆,除下焦热,治大小便血证。止血,取上截切片炒用,其梢则能行血,不可不知。杨士瀛云:诸疮痛者加地榆,痒者加黄芩。②《本草求真》:地榆,诸书皆言因其苦寒,则能入于下焦血分除热,俾热悉从下解。又言性沉而涩,凡人症患吐衄崩中肠风血痢等症,得此则能涩血不解。按此不无两歧,讵知其热不除,则血不止,其热既清,则血自安,且其性主收敛,既能清降,又能收涩,则清不虑其过泄,涩亦不虑其或滞,实力解热止血药也。地榆,无毒;归肝、肺、肾和大肠经;有凉血止血,清热解毒,培清养阴,消肿敛疮等功效。
以上所述的治疗痔疮的中药制剂为任何一种药剂学上所说的剂型,包括外用水剂、外用贴剂、外用膏剂、内服粉剂、内服胶囊剂、片剂和颗粒剂等剂型。
以上所述的治疗痔疮的中药制剂已经在临床治疗痔疮项目中初步试用,反映良好,无毒副作用。
按相关剂型的常规制剂工艺,加入适量辅料制成相应的剂型,上述中药制剂可以制成外用水剂、外用贴剂、外用膏剂、内服粉剂、内服胶囊剂、片剂和颗粒剂等剂型。
上述各组份药物制成本发明治疗痔疮的中药制剂的几种中药制剂的制备方法:
1、外用水剂的制备方法是:按重量份数将干燥的槐花、仙鹤草、枳壳、甘草、砂仁、牛黄、荆芥和地榆粉碎成lOO目的细粉,将药粉倒入陶缸中浸泡35分钟,加入水量为药物总重量的3-5倍,烧开20-35分钟,待药液温度降至30℃-60℃时,过滤,清液加入适量防腐剂装瓶,得到外用水剂,该外用水剂使用时可以灌肠或涂抹。
2、外用贴剂的制备方法是:按重量份数将干燥的槐花、仙鹤草、枳壳、甘草、砂仁、牛黄、荆芥和地榆粉碎成lOO目的细粉,混合均匀,倒入陶缸中浸泡35分钟,加入水量为药物总重量的3-5倍,烧开20-35分钟,待药液温度降至30℃-60℃时,药液和药渣加入适量淀粉和防腐剂调成糊状,置于医用透气胶带内,制得外用贴剂。
3、外用膏剂的制备方法是:按重量份数将干燥的槐花、仙鹤草、枳壳、甘草、砂仁、牛黄、荆芥和地榆粉碎成lOO目的细粉,混合均匀,倒入陶缸中浸泡35分钟,加入水量为药物总重量的3-5倍,烧开20-35分钟,待药液温度降至30℃-60℃时,过滤,药液加入膏状辅料和适量防腐剂,冷至室温后按常规制剂工艺制成外用膏剂。
4、内服粉剂的制备方法是:按重量份数将干燥的槐花、仙鹤草、枳壳、甘草、砂仁、牛黄、荆芥和地榆粉碎至lOO目以下,然后用塑料袋真空包装得到内服粉剂,置于干燥阴凉的室内保藏,使用时将得到的粉剂在饭前以开水或米汤送服,每次服用3-5克,每天两次。
5、内服胶囊剂、片剂或颗粒剂的制备方法是:按重量份数将干燥的槐花、仙鹤草、甘草、荆芥和地榆加水煎煮,滤过,滤液浓缩至适量浓度,加入乙醇进行沉淀处理,滤过,滤液回收乙醇,减压浓缩成适量浓度的流浸膏,得槐花、仙鹤草、甘草、荆芥和地榆的提取物,按重量份数将枳壳、牛黄和砂仁粉碎成lOO目的细粉,将得到的细粉加入到上述提取物中,混匀,制粒,干燥,加入适当辅料,采用现有技术制成内服胶囊剂、片剂或颗粒剂。
本发明的上述中药,根据不同情况和药厂条件,还可以制成其它制剂。
本发明的有益效果是:
1、本发明的中药制剂有清热解毒、凉血散癖、清肠利湿、消炎、止血、止痛和生肌、长皮、活血化瘀、消肿生肌以及促进创面愈合的功效,见效快、治疗周期短,治疗痔疮标本兼治,对各种痔疮包括内痔、外痔、混合痔、血痔等有显著的治疗效果。
2、本发明的中药制剂直接涂敷于损伤组织并吸收,对局部组织激活,改善局部循环,促进创口愈合,形成微膜保护层,有显著的润滑作用,减轻便秘,减少缸垫和直肠的刺激损伤,该药物清热解毒,收敛止血,消肿生肌、能促进组织细胞的再生,有效防止感染化脓,使用该药物治疗痔疮,治愈后尚未见有复发的现象。
3、本发明的中药制剂可根据需要制成不同的剂型,可内服也可外用,清肠胃肺热,止肠胃血,润肠消痔,去肠风,对人体无毒副作用,使用方便,治疗过程简单,成本低,见效快。
具体实施方式
实施例1:
外用水剂的制备方法是:
按重量份数取干燥的槐花10份;仙鹤草14份;枳壳4份;甘草3份;砂仁0.3份;牛黄0.7份;荆芥 8份和地榆9份粉碎成lOO目的细粉,将药粉倒入陶缸中浸泡35分钟,加入水量为药物总重量的3-5倍,烧开20-35分钟,待药液温度降至30℃-60℃时,过滤,清液加入适量防腐剂装瓶,得到外用水剂。
实施例2:
外用贴剂的制备方法是:
按重量份数取干燥的槐花11份;仙鹤草16份;枳壳6份;甘草4份;砂仁0.5份;牛黄0.8份;荆芥 12份和地榆12份粉碎成lOO目的细粉,混合均匀,倒入陶缸中浸泡35分钟,加入水量为药物总重量的3-5倍,烧开20-35分钟,待药液温度降至30℃-60℃时,药液和药渣加入适量淀粉和防腐剂调成糊状,置于医用透气胶带内,制得外用贴剂。
实施例3:
外用膏剂的制备方法是:
按重量份数取干燥的槐花13份;仙鹤草18份;枳壳7份;甘草3份;砂仁0.7份;牛黄0.9份;荆芥13份和地榆16份粉碎成lOO目的细粉,混合均匀,倒入陶缸中浸泡35分钟,加入水量为药物总重量的3-5倍,烧开20-35分钟,待药液温度降至30℃-60℃时,过滤,药液加入膏状辅料和适量防腐剂,冷至室温后按常规制剂工艺制成外用膏剂。
实施例4:
内服粉剂的制备方法是:
按重量份数取干燥的槐花8份;仙鹤草20份;枳壳2份;甘草5份;砂仁0.1份;牛黄1份;荆芥5份和地榆20份粉碎至lOO目以下,然后用塑料袋真空包装得到内服粉剂,置于干燥阴凉的室内保藏,使用时将得到的粉剂在饭前以开水或米汤送服,每次服用3-5克,每天两次。
实施例5:
内服胶囊剂、片剂或颗粒剂的制备方法是:
按重量份数取干燥的槐花15份;仙鹤草10份;枳壳8份;甘草1份;砂仁1份;牛黄0.5份;荆芥15份和地榆5份加水煎煮,滤过,滤液浓缩至适量浓度,加入乙醇进行沉淀处理,滤过,滤液回收乙醇,减压浓缩成适量浓度的流浸膏,得槐花、仙鹤草、甘草、荆芥和地榆的提取物,按重量份数将枳壳、牛黄和砂仁粉碎成lOO目的细粉,将得到的细粉加入到上述提取物中,混匀,制粒,干燥,加入适当辅料,采用现有技术制成内服胶囊剂、片剂或颗粒剂。
临床治疗效果:
为了表明本发明药物对痔疮的治疗效果,进行了以下临床实验,共治疗痔疮患者528例,年龄16-75岁,痔疮患者的的表现为:肛部疼痛、坐立不安、瘙痒、坠胀、不能正常工作生活,严重患者出现便血、脱肛、掉臀的现象,其中内痔患者150例,外痔患者198例、混合痔152例、血痔28例。
治疗方式:大部分痔疮患者采用实施例中制备得到的外用制剂进行治疗,使用药物前先清洗患处,清洗后,用药物涂抹患处(内痔患者包括混合痔患者可借助外力把药物送到痔疮患处),一日2次,早晚各一次,若在一周内治愈,则停止治疗,治疗期间,禁止食用腥辣食品,严禁喝酒。
疗效判断:1、治愈:便血、脱出症状消失。2、显效:疼痛、肿状减轻,便血脱出症状明显减轻。3、无效:症状未见减轻或加重。
治疗结果:临床对528例患者进行治疗观察,528例患者中治愈482例,占91.3%;显效46例,占8.7%;无效0例,占0%;总有效率100%。
结论:本发明的药物对痔疮具有显著的治疗效果,治疗期间,未发现有不良反应、过敏反应和毒副作用,治疗过程简单,绝大多数患者在接受治疗两三天后症状即有明显减轻,轻度患者一般在治疗一周左右即可康复,而且治愈后未发现有复发的现象发生。
典型病例
病例1:张某,男,16岁,广西桂平市人,患有痔疮,肛门周围痛痒,红肿热痛、水肿、充血明显,有压痛,排便时疼痛加重,并有少量分泌物,疼痛难耐,坐立不安,严重影响了学习和生活,曾去医院治疗,但是治疗效果差,在肛部会产生新的脓包,在家长的帮助下,用本发明的中药制剂(实施例4制备的内服粉剂)进行治疗,使用时将内服粉剂在饭前以开水或米汤送服,每次服用3-5克,
一日2次,早晚各一次,治疗期间,禁止食用腥辣食品,严禁喝酒,治疗2天后症状有明显的改善,7天后治愈,至今未见复发。
病例2:李某,男,31岁,广西桂平市西区白沙镇人,患痔疮3年多,肛门疼痛,大便时常伴有出血现象发生,严重影响工作生活,曾去药店买药膏之类的药物进行治疗,但是效果差,没能解决问题,痔疮症状日益严重,在大便时不仅出血严重,还发现有肿块从肛门脱出的的现象,后用本发明的中药制剂(实施例3制备的膏剂)进行治疗,使用药物前先清洗患处,然后用实施例3制备得到的药物涂抹患处,一日2次,早晚各一次,治疗期间,禁止食用腥辣食品,严禁喝酒,治疗3天后症状有明显的好转,治疗21天后治愈,至今未见复发。
病例3:郭某某,女,42岁,广西桂平市南区麻垌镇人,患痔疮多年,肛门疼痛,坐卧不安,便血,大便时痔块脱出肛门外,多次用药未起效,也曾在医院做手术治疗,但又复发,未能彻底解决问题,后来用本发明的中药制剂(实施例1制备的外用水剂)进行治疗,使用药物前先清洗患处,然后用实施例1制备得到的药物涂抹患处,一日2次,早晚各一次,治疗期间,禁止食用腥辣食品,严禁喝酒,治疗一周后症状有明显的改善,坚持治疗27天后治愈,至今未见复发。
病例4:张某,男,53岁,广西桂平市北区南木镇人,患内痔疮,大便时常伴有出血现象发生,曾进行治疗,但是效果差,未能治愈,后用本发明的中药制剂进行治疗,用实施例5制备得到的胶囊剂进行内服,每日两次,每次2粒,同时用实施例1中制备得到的外用水剂,涂抹患处,一日1次,每天睡前涂抹,治疗期间,禁止食用腥辣食品,严禁喝酒,治疗3天后症状有明显的好转,治疗18天后治愈,至今未见复发。
病例5:周某某,女,47岁,广西桂平市西区白沙镇人,患痔疮4多年,肛门疼痛,坐卧不安,便血,去医院治疗后又复发,未能彻底治愈,后用本发明的中药制剂进行治疗,用实施例5制备得到的片剂进行内服,每日两次,每次2片,同时每天睡前用实施例2中制备得到的外用贴剂,贴在患处20-30分钟,治疗期间,禁止食用腥辣食品,严禁喝酒,治疗4天后症状有明显的好转,治疗24天后治愈,至今未见复发。
Claims (6)
1.一种治疗痔疮的中药制剂,其特征在于,是由以下重量份数的原料制成:
槐花8-15份;仙鹤草10-20份;枳壳2-8份;甘草1-5份;砂仁0.1-1份;
牛黄0.5-1份;荆芥 5-15份;地榆5-20份;
所述的治疗痔疮的中药制剂为任何一种药剂学上所说的剂型,包括外用水剂、外用贴剂、外用膏剂、内服粉剂、内服胶囊剂、片剂和颗粒剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的治疗痔疮的中药制剂,其特征在于:所述外用水剂的制备方法是:按重量份数将干燥的槐花、仙鹤草、枳壳、甘草、砂仁、牛黄、荆芥和地榆粉碎成l00目的细粉,将药粉倒入陶缸中浸泡35分钟,加入水量为药物总重量的3-5倍,烧开20-35分钟,待药液温度降至30℃-60℃时,过滤,清液加入适量防腐剂装瓶,得到外用水剂。
3.根据权利要求1所述的治疗痔疮的中药制剂,其特征在于:所述外用贴剂的制备方法是:按重量份数将干燥的槐花、仙鹤草、枳壳、甘草、砂仁、牛黄、荆芥和地榆粉碎成l00目的细粉,混合均匀,倒入陶缸中浸泡35分钟,加入水量为药物总重量的3-5倍,烧开20-35分钟,待药液温度降至30℃-60℃时,药液和药渣加入适量淀粉和防腐剂调成糊状,置于医用透气胶带内,制得外用贴剂。
4.根据权利要求1所述的治疗痔疮的中药制剂,其特征在于:所述外用膏剂的制备方法是:按重量份数将干燥的槐花、仙鹤草、枳壳、甘草、砂仁、牛黄、荆芥和地榆粉碎成l00目的细粉,混合均匀,倒入陶缸中浸泡35分钟,加入水量为药物总重量的3-5倍,烧开20-35分钟,待药液温度降至30℃-60℃时,过滤,药液加入膏状辅料和适量防腐剂,冷至室温后按常规制剂工艺制成外用膏剂。
5.根据权利要求1所述的治疗痔疮的中药制剂,其特征在于:所述内服粉剂的制备方法是:按重量份数将干燥的槐花、仙鹤草、枳壳、甘草、砂仁、牛黄、荆芥和地榆粉碎至l00目以下,然后用塑料袋真空包装得到内服粉剂。
6.根据权利要求1所述的治疗痔疮的中药制剂的制备方法,其特征在于:按重量份数将干燥的槐花、仙鹤草、甘草、荆芥和地榆加水煎煮,滤过,滤液浓缩至适量浓度,加入乙醇进行沉淀处理,滤过,滤液回收乙醇,减压浓缩成适量浓度的流浸膏,得槐花、仙鹤草、甘草、荆芥和地榆的提取物,按重量份数将枳壳、牛黄和砂仁粉碎成l00目的细粉,将得到的细粉加入到上述提取物中,混匀,制粒,干燥,加入适当辅料,采用现有技术制成内服胶囊剂、片剂或颗粒剂。
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