CN105770265A - 一种用于食道癌的药物制剂及其用途 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于治疗食道癌的药物制剂及其用途,药物制剂含有:生牡蛎、半夏、全蝎、仙鹤草、白术、牛蒡子、鸡内金、土鳖虫、白花蛇舌草、川楝子、半枝莲、紫草、甘草、青黛、荆芥、广木香、瓜蒌、盐蛇干、北沙参、昆布。本发明采用不同药性的中药材,进行了科学配伍,诸药联合具固本去标、复正除邪之功效,君臣佐使俱全,阴阳均衡,同时注重肾、心、肝、脾等脏腑的机能协调,具有降气化痰活瘀,清热解毒散结,抑瘤生长之功能,诸药配合配伍更加合理,注重中医理论,阴阳均衡,主要治疗食管癌,诸药相互搭配达到改善血液循环,使药效和功能更为全面而标本兼治。本发明中药体内、外实验具有良好的抗食管癌作用,且毒性小,制备方法比较简单,适合工业化大生产。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及用于治疗食道癌的药物及其用途,特别涉及一种用于治疗食道癌的药物制剂及其用途,属于医药领域。
背景技术
食管癌是(esophagealcarcinoma)人类常见的恶性肿瘤,占食管肿瘤的90%以上,在全部恶性肿瘤死亡回顾调查中仅次于胃癌而居第2位。据估计全世界每年大约有20万人死于食管癌,是对人民的生命和健康危害极大的最常见的恶性肿瘤之一。我国是世界上食管癌发病率和病死率最高的国家,河南省北部林州、辉县等地是世界上食管癌发病率和病死率最高的地区。
中医认为食道癌的发病原因为“凡噎膈证不出胃脘干槁四字。”由此可知,阴虚是食道癌发生发展的重要病机,特别是食道癌后期,由于肿瘤热毒对机体阴血的消耗,又不能通过饮食及时补充,阴血亏虚更加严重,并成为肿瘤后期的主要矛盾。阴血亏虚,血脉失润涩滞,可导致气血不通。同时,气机失调也是癌肿发生机制之一,肿瘤形成后气机阻滞更为明显,因其为有形之邪,可以进一步阻碍气血流通;气机郁滞日久,又可化热成毒,灼伤阴血,如此气滞、热毒、阴血亏虚成为恶性循环,病程不断进展。
对于癌症的治疗最好能考虑进行综合性的治疗,如手术、化疗、放疗以及中药的调理,手术治疗:手术是治疗食管癌首选方法。若全身情况良好、有较好的心肺功能储备、无明显远处转移征象者,可考虑手术治疗;放射疗法:①放射和手术综合治疗,可增加手术切除率,也能提高远期生存率。术前放疗后,休息3~4周再做手术较为合适。对术中切除不完全的残留癌组织处做金属标记,一般在术后3~6周开始术后放疗。②单纯放射疗法,多用于颈段、胸上段食管癌,这类患者的手术常常难度大,并发症多,疗效不满意;也可用于有手术禁忌证而病变时间不长,患者尚可耐受放疗者。也有化学治疗:采用化疗与手术治疗相结合或与放疗、中医中药相结合的综合治疗,有时可提高疗效,或使食管癌患者症状缓解,存活期延长。但要定期检查血象和肝肾功能,并注意药物反应。
中药的使用也必须得先进行辨证,中药对于癌症的治疗主要是起一定的调理作用,与化疗药物配合可以缓解化疗药物的副作用,提高身体素质。但单纯依靠中药来根治癌症目前还不太可能。
发明内容
针对现有技术的缺陷,本发明是针对目前治疗之现状,提供一种用于治疗食道癌的药物制剂,无毒副作用,效果好。
具体而言,本发明的具体方案是这样实现的:
首先,发明人根据中药配伍经验提供了一种用于治疗食道癌的药物制剂,处方中含有的中药成分为:生牡蛎、半夏、全蝎、仙鹤草、白术、牛蒡子、鸡内金、土鳖虫、白花蛇舌草、川楝子、半枝莲、紫草、甘草、青黛、荆芥、广木香、瓜蒌、盐蛇干、北沙参、昆布。
进一步,发明人根据中药配伍经验提供了一种用于治疗食道癌的药物制剂,处方的各原料用量在本发明的重量份范围都具有较好的疗效,所述的配方以及重量份为:生牡蛎3-11份、半夏2-10份、全蝎1-3份、仙鹤草2-8份、白术5-14份、牛蒡子10-25份、鸡内金5-14份、土鳖虫2-7份、白花蛇舌草10-18份、川楝子7-14份、半枝莲8-17份、紫草7-19份、甘草8-14份、青黛10-25份、荆芥8-17份、广木香8-15份、瓜蒌5-10份、盐蛇干3-7份、北沙参14-26份、昆布3-10份。
更进一步地,对上述的重量份的配方进行优选,达到更好的技术效果,优选的配方为:生牡蛎7份、半夏6份、全蝎2份、仙鹤草5份、白术9.5份、牛蒡子17.5份、鸡内金9.5份、土鳖虫4.5份、白花蛇舌草14份、川楝子10.5份、半枝莲12.5份、紫草13份、甘草11份、青黛17.5份、荆芥12.5份、广木香11.5份、瓜蒌7.5份、盐蛇干5份、北沙参20份、昆布6.5份。
或者:
生牡蛎8份、半夏6.5份、全蝎2.5份、仙鹤草6份、白术10.5份、牛蒡子18.5份、鸡内金10.5份、土鳖虫5.5份、白花蛇舌草15份、川楝子11.5份、半枝莲13.5份、紫草14份、甘草11.5份、青黛18.5份、荆芥13.5份、广木香12.5份、瓜蒌8.5份、盐蛇干5.5份、北沙参21份、昆布7份。
上述所述的药物制剂中,所使用的中药均使用其常用入药部位入药,所使用的中药剂量合理,诸药合用后对于治疗食道癌具有较好的治疗的效果。
本发明的治疗食道癌的药物制剂中所使用的各味中药材的功用如下:
半夏:味辛,性温。
归经:归脾、胃、肺经。
功能主治:燥湿化痰,降逆止呕,消痞散结。用于痰多咳喘,痰饮眩悸,风痰眩晕,痰厥头痛,呕吐反胃,胸脘痞闷,梅核气;生用外治痈肿痰核。姜半夏多用于降逆止呕。
全蝎:味辛,性平。
归经:归肝经。
功能主治:息风镇痉,攻毒散结,通络止痛,用于小儿惊风,抽搐痉挛,中风口歪,半身不遂,偏正头痛,疮疡,瘰疬。
仙鹤草:味苦、涩,性平。
归经:归心、肝经。
功能主治:收敛止血,截疟,止痢,解毒。用于咳血,吐血,崩漏下血,疟疾,血痢,脱力劳伤,痈肿疮毒,阴痒带下。
白术:味苦,性温。
归经:归脾、胃经。
功能主治:健脾益气,燥湿利水,止汗,安胎。用于脾虚食少,腹胀泄泻,痰饮眩悸,水肿,自汗,胎动不安。
牛蒡子:味辛、苦,性寒。
归经:归肺、胃经。
功能主治:疏散风热,宣肺透疹,解毒利咽。用于风热感冒,咳嗽痰多,麻疹,风疹,咽喉肿痛,痄腮丹毒,痈肿疮毒。
鸡内金:味甘,性平。
归经:归脾、胃、小肠、膀胱经。
功能主治:健胃消食,涩精止遗,用于食积不消,呕吐泻痢,小儿疳积。
土鳖虫:味咸,性寒
归经:归肝经。
功能主治:破瘀血,续筋骨,用于筋骨折伤,瘀血经闭,症瘕痞块
白花蛇舌草:味苦、甘,性寒。
归经:入心、肝、脾经。
功能主治:清热解毒,祛湿消肿,活血止痛,治癌肿恶瘤。
临床应用:本品广泛应用于治疗各种肿瘤,尤多用于治疗消化道肿瘤,如食道癌、胃癌等,对热毒壅盛、痰湿瘀滞者最为适宜。
川楝子:味苦,性寒。
归经:归肝、小肠、膀胱经。
功能主治:舒肝行气止痛,驱虫。用于胸胁、脘腹胀痛,疝痛,虫积腹痛。
半枝莲:味辛,微苦,性凉,入肝、胃、大肠经。
功效:能清热解毒,恶疮痈疔,利水消肿,有抗癌的功效。
临床应用:本品为抗癌常用药,可用于各种癌症,尤多用于消化道肿瘤,以证见湿热蕴结者为宜,亦广泛用于肿瘤伴出血之症,能起到止血而不留瘀之效果。
紫草:味甘、咸,寒。
归经:归心、肝经。
功能主治:凉血,活血,解毒透疹。用于血热毒盛,斑疹紫黑,麻疹不透,疮疡,湿疹,水火烫伤
甘草:味甘,性平。
归经:入脾、胃、心、肺经。
功能主治:补中益气,清热解毒,祛痰止咳,缓急止痛。
青黛:味咸,性寒。
归经:归肝经。
功能主治:清热解毒,凉血,定惊。用于温毒发斑,血热吐衄,胸痛咳血,口疮,痄腮,喉痹,小儿惊痫。丹毒,痈肿疮毒。
荆芥:味辛,性温。
归经:归肺、肝经。
功能主治:解表散风,透疹。用于感冒,头痛,麻疹,风疹,疮疡初起。炒炭治便血,崩漏,产后血晕。
广木香:味甘,性温。
归经:归脾、胃、大肠、胆经。
功能主治:能通神气,和胃气,行肝气,散滞气,破结气,止心疼,逐冷气,安霍乱吐泻,呕逆翻胃,除痞癖症块、脐腹胀痛,安胎散毒,治痢必需,且辟疫气瘴。
瓜蒌:味甘、微苦、寒。
归经:归肺、胃、大肠经。
功能主治:清热涤痰,宽胸散结,润燥滑肠。用于肺热咳嗽,痰浊黄稠,胸痹心痛,结胸痞满,乳痈,肺痈,肠痈肿痛,大便秘结。
昆布:味咸,寒。
归经:归肝、胃、肾经。
功能主治:软坚散结,消痰,利水。用于瘿瘤,瘰疬,睾丸肿痛,痰饮水肿。
生牡蛎:味咸,微寒。
归经:归肝、胆、肾经。
功能主治:重镇安神,潜阳补阴,软坚散结。用于惊悸失眠,眩晕耳鸣,瘰疬痰核,症瘕痞块。煅牡蛎收敛固涩。用于自汗盗汗,遗精崩带,胃痛吞酸。
北沙参:味甘,性温,归肺,胃经。
功效:治肺热燥咳,虚痨久咳,阴伤咽干益胃生津。
临床应用:本品用于具有养阴清肺,益胃生津,多用于胃癌、食道癌等消化系统疾病的出血现象。
盐蛇干:味咸,性寒。
归经:归心、肝经。
功能与主治:祛风,定惊,散结,解毒。用于风痰惊痫,中风瘫痪,关节风痛,痰火瘰疬,恶疮;近有用于神经衰弱,食道癌,子宫颈癌,小儿高热惊厥,淋巴结结核,肺结核,骨结核,关节结核。
本发明所述的药物剂型选自颗粒剂、胶囊剂、片剂、注射剂、酊剂、栓剂、丸剂、糖浆剂、合剂、散剂、洗剂、膜剂、滴丸中的一种。进一步优选为颗粒剂。
本发明对以上的处方经过认真的研究,根据中医用药的合理性,发明人提出了具体的一种治疗食道癌的药物制剂的制备方法,具体步骤为:
(1)取仙鹤草、白花蛇舌草、紫草、北沙参、荆芥和瓜蒌加水浸泡1-2小时,用挥发油提取器提取挥发油,再用无水硫酸钠干燥取得挥发油,再用β-环糊精包合,制得包合物,包合物及药渣备用;
(2)取白术、牛蒡子、青黛、广木香和昆布加70%乙醇提取2次,每次1-2小时,合并药液,静置24小时,备用;
(3)取半夏、全蝎、半枝莲、甘草、鸡内金、土鳖虫、川楝子、盐蛇干和生牡蛎碎成细粉和步骤(1)中药渣混合后用适量75%乙醇提取2次,每次1-2小时,收集提取液,静置24小时,备用;
(4)取第(2)和(3)步骤中制得的上清液,减压回收乙醇,浓缩至60℃-70℃,密度为1.03~1.09的浸膏,干燥后备用;
(5)向浸膏中加入第(1)步骤中制得的β-环糊精包合物,测定其重量,加入其重量5-15%的乳糖和糊精的混合物,其中乳糖和糊精的混合物中乳糖和糊精的重量比为1-2:1;搅拌均匀加热至80~90℃,过100目筛,用喷雾干燥机制得提取物粉末,分装即得颗粒剂。
本发明所述的制备方法中,步骤(5)中的颗粒剂每包重20g。
与现有技术相比,本发明治疗食道癌药物制剂具有以下优点:
本发明中药是基于食管癌病机,在整理和筛选古今治疗食管癌验方及实验室研究基础上此研发而成,本发明采用不同药性的中药材,进行了科学配伍,诸药联合具固本去标、复正除邪之功效,君臣佐使俱全,阴阳均衡,同时注重肾、心、肝、脾等脏腑的机能协调,具有降气化痰活瘀,清热解毒散结,抑瘤生长之功能,诸药配合配伍更加合理,注重中医理论,阴阳均衡,主要治疗食管癌,诸药相互搭配达到改善血液循环,使药效和功能更为全面而标本兼治。本发明中药体内、外实验具有良好的抗食管癌作用,且毒性小,制备方法比较简单,适合工业化大生产。
具体实施例
对于本领域技术人员而言,显然本发明实施例的细节,而且在不背离本发明的精神或基本特征的情况下,能够以其他的具体形式实现本发明。均应将实施例看作是示范性的,而且是非限制性的,因此旨在将落在权利要求的等同要件的含义和范围内的所有变化囊括在本发明内。
实施例1:动物模型试验
5-FU胸苷酸合成酶抑制药,是尿嘧啶5位上的氢被氟取代的衍生物。5-FU在细胞内转变为5-氟尿嘧啶脱氧核苷酸(5F-dUMP),而抑制脱氧胸苷酸合成酶,阻止脱氧尿苷酸(dUMP)甲基化转变为脱氧胸苷酸(dTMP),从而影响DNA的合成。此外,5-FU在体内可转化为5-氟尿嘧啶核苷,以伪代谢产物形式掺入RNA中干扰蛋白质的合成,故对其他各期细胞也有作用。适合治疗各种消化系癌,比如胃癌、结肠癌、肝癌、胰腺癌、食管癌。本发明选择为阳性对照试验。
体外复苏、培养人食管癌细胞株Eca9706细胞,在细胞的指数生长期收集细胞,1000转/分离心,无血清DMEM培养基洗涤2次,计数,用不含血清的DMEM培养基,稀释至稀释至1.5×106细胞/ml,以0.2ml/鼠,右腋下皮下接种。
1.1、模型建立以及给药
60只裸小鼠,随机取10只为空白组,其余50只造模,造模裸小鼠随机分为5组,每组10只。5组分别为:模型组、阳性对照组、中药高剂量组、中剂量组、低剂量两组,中药各剂量组服用本发明实施例5的颗粒剂,根据生药和成品的比率、成人一天所用生药量及体外半数抑制率确定动物用药剂量,所有处理自造模后第二天开始:中药高剂量组灌胃给药4g/kg,中药中剂量组灌胃给药2g/kg,中药低剂量组灌胃给药1g/kg,其中中药来源为实施例5的颗粒剂。阳性对照组灌胃给药50mg/kg,每日一次,每只0.2ml,自肿瘤长出之日起,每10天称体重,测量肿瘤大小,以上处理连续进行40天后,脱颈椎处死裸小鼠,剥离肿块。
1.2、测定指标
肿瘤大小和药物抑制率:自肿瘤肉眼可见之日起,每10天用游标卡尺测量肿瘤的最长径L(mm)和垂直方向的最大横径W(mm),按李氏法:V(mm3)=L×W2/2计算肿瘤体积,计算抑瘤率=(1-给药组平均瘤体积/对照组平均瘤体积)×100%。
1.3、结果
表1各组对Eca9706移植瘤荷瘤裸鼠体重的影响
15天的体重(g) | 30天的体重(g) | 40天的体重(g) | |
空白组 | 20.22±1.23 | 21.09±2.23 | 22.05±1.33 |
模型组 | 18.98±2.21 | 18.07±2.05## | 17.01±2.09## |
阳性对照组 | 18.77±1.02 | 18.85±1.99 | 19.01±3.05 |
中药高剂量 | 20.03±1.29 | 20.99±1.68 | 21.85±2.57▲ |
中药中剂量 | 19.74±2.03 | 20.23±2.58 | 21.11±2.49▲ |
中药低剂量 | 18.85±1.59 | 19.08±2.69 | 20.55±2.60 |
注:
与正常对照组比较,##P<0.01;
与模型对照组比较,P<0.05,P<0.01;
与阳性对照组相比,▲P<0.05,▲▲P<0.01。
表1可以看出:
(1)模型组与空白组的Eca9706移植瘤荷瘤裸鼠体重相比,在第30天时,具有显著性差异,本发明小鼠造模成功。
(2)在40天时,中药高剂量组、中药中剂量组、中药低剂量组和阳性对照组均有明显的治疗效果,与模型组相比,具有显著性差异(P<0.05,P<0.01)但是本发明的药物的中药高剂量组、中药中剂量组治疗效果优于即阳性对照组。
1.4、动物急性毒性试验
受试药物制剂:本发明实施例3-6所制造的颗粒剂,按1:2加纯化水,制成溶液,备用。
试验动物:普通级昆明小鼠,体重20g±5g,雌雄各半,雌性小鼠均无孕。
小鼠灌胃本发明中药颗粒剂配制的溶液,当灌胃剂量达到735.5g生药/kg剂量时,给药后小鼠出现轻微活动减少,1小时左右恢复正常,给药后连续观察7天,无一动物死亡,其全身状况、饮食、摄水、小便和体重增长均正常。
1.4.2试验结果表明:小鼠灌胃实施例3-6所制造的颗粒剂的最大给药量为735.5g生药/kg/d(LD50>735.5g生药/kg)。本发明的中药粉每日临床用药总量最大为0.15g生药/kg/d;按体重计,小鼠灌胃水煎剂的耐受量为临床病人的4903.3倍。提示该药急性毒性极低,临床用药安全。
1.5、动物长期毒性试验
受试药物制剂:本发明实施例3-6所得中药颗粒剂,按1:2加纯化水,制成溶液,备用。
试验动物:普通级SD大鼠,体重210g±14g,雌雄各半,雌性大鼠均无孕。
1.5.1、方法与结果:
4种药物制剂:均分为高、中、低三个剂量组,单位体重给药量分别为患者服用量的180、60、20倍;将实验鼠随机分成13组,其中12组分别灌胃3种三个剂量的颗粒剂溶液,剩余1组灌胃生理盐水(患者服用量的40倍);所有13组均连续灌胃180天,观察动物全身毒性反应及严重程度,处死后按操作规程检查各部位,并进行血液学,ALT、BUN及心、肝、脾、肺、肾、胃等主要脏器的病理学检查;经过长期喂食,13组大鼠均未出现毒性反应。发育良好。肉眼外观及主要脏器未见异常。外周血象及血清ALT、BUN与对照组比较无病理性改变。病理报告心、肝、脾、肺、肾、胃等均未有意义的改变,因此,认为经病理证实,3种中药水煎剂对动物无慢性毒性表现。
通过以上两个毒性实验,证明本发明按实施例3-6制作的颗粒剂是安全的,无毒副作用,可以被患者服用。
1.6、本发明药物制剂对Eca9706移植瘤增殖的抑制效果
自接种至成瘤大约需要8天时间,瘤体在接种初期生长缓慢,接种32天左右时,瘤体快速生长,中药组高、中、低剂量组都有一定抑制肿瘤生长的作用,且具有一定剂量依赖性(见表3)。
表2观察第20和40天的肿瘤体积和药物抑制情况((mm3,))
注:
与模型对照组比较,P<0.05,P<0.01;
与阳性对照组相比,▲P<0.05,▲▲P<0.01。
表2可以看出:
(1)在20天时,中药剂量各组和阳性对照组与模型组比较,具有显著性差异,在中药高剂量组与阳性对照组之间也具有显著性差异,具有统计学意义。
(2)在40天时,中药高剂量组、中药中剂量组、中药低剂量组和阳性对照组均有明显的治疗效果,与模型组相比,具有显著性差异(P<0.05,P<0.01)但是本发明的药物的中药高效果优于即阳性对照组。
(3)由中药剂量各组之间对比可以发现治疗效果与剂量呈依赖关系,对于进一步临床应用具有显著意义。
实施例2:临床试验
2.1、一般资料
患者按照符合本病诊断标准,早期患者40名,中期患者60名,晚期患者40名,总共160名。强160名患者随机分为两组,治疗组和观察组,两组之间病情、年龄、性别无显著性差异(P>0.05)。
2.2、诊断标准
所观察患者参照卫生部颁布的《中药新药临床指导原则》诊断标准确诊:
早期症状:进食时胸骨后、心窝部有烧灼感或针刺样不适感,食管内异物感,或进食时食物停滞感,或有呃逆,或吞咽疼痛,或梗噎感;
中期症状:持续性进行性吞咽困难,逐渐加重,即开始进普通食物受阻,以后进半流质饮食,流质饮食咽下困难,严重时滴水不进,流涎,胸痛,消瘦;
晚期症状:食管穿孔,若致纵膈炎可有持续高热,咳嗽,胸痛,脉数,穿入气管则进食时呛咳出食物,穿入大血管可大量呕血,声嘶,便血。
排除病例标准:
(1)年龄在18岁以下或65岁以上,妊娠或哺乳期妇女,过敏休质或对本药过敏者;
(2)合并有心血管、脑血管、肝、肾和造血系统等严重原发性疾病,精神病患者;
(3)不符合纳入标准,未按规定用药,无法判断疗效,或资料不全等影响疗效或安全性判断者。
2.3、疗效判定标准
参照卫生部颁布的《中药新药临床指导原则》疗效判定标准:
经各种检查测量肿瘤,以其最大直径及最大垂直直径的乘积表示肿瘤治疗前后的变化和疗效,根据吸收程度可分为:
完全缓解:肿瘤病灶完全消失;
部分缓解:肿瘤两径乘积缩小≥50%;
稳定:病灶两径乘积缩小﹤50%或增大﹤25%;
无效:瘤灶两径乘积增大≥25%。
有效率:(完全缓解+部分缓解)/本组个体。
2.4、给药以及给药方式
治疗组:服用本发明实施例5的颗粒剂,早晚一次,每包20g,每次一包。
观察组:服用中药消癌胶囊,按照说明书服用。
2.5、治疗结果
2.5.1、治疗后的生存期
对治疗组和观察组的160例患者的生存期进行观测,统计结果如表3
表3治疗后的生存期
6个月 | 12个月 | 24个月 | 36个月 | 48个月 | 60个月以上 | |
治疗组 | 1 | 4 | 6 | 10 | 29 | 20 |
观察组 | 5 | 9 | 39 | 18 | 4 | 5 |
从表3可以看出:治疗组生存6个月的为1人,12个月的为4人,24个月的为6人,36个月的为10人,48个月为29人,60个月的为20人;观察组生存6个月的为5人,12个月的为9人,24个月的为39人,36个月的为18人,48个月为4人,60个月的为5人。
2.5.2检测的肿瘤重量测定
经各种检查测量肿瘤,以其最大直径及最大垂直直径的乘积表示肿瘤治疗前后的变化和疗效如表4。
表4肿瘤重量的比较
完全缓解 | 部分缓解 | 稳定 | 无效 | 有效率(%) | |
治疗组 | 55 | 20 | 5 | 0 | 93.75 |
观察组 | 5 | 47 | 15 | 13 | 65.00 |
从表4可以看出,治疗组完全缓解55例,部分缓解20例,稳定5例,无效0例,总有效率93.75%;观察组完全缓解5例,部分缓解47例,稳定15例,无效13例,总有效率65.00%;
2.6、典型病例
病例1:花某,女,63岁,山东东营人,2014年来我院检查,咽喉有异物不爽,时轻时重后有时感觉刺痛,饮食时食道发噎,吞咽困难,疼痛,反复呕吐,头晕目眩、全身乏力,服用本发明中实施例5的颗粒剂,20天后证状减轻,继续服药40天,经查没有发现癌细胞,食欲正常,身体状况良好。恢复正常工作生活,1年之后电话回访,至今未复发。
病例2:仲某,男,58岁,江苏苏州人,2015来体检中检查食道部有肿块,经过治疗有所缓解,但近期患者在进食时胸骨后、心窝部有烧灼感,食管内异物感,进食时食物停滞感,并有发热现象,服用本发明中实施例5的颗粒剂,20天后证状减轻,继续服药40天,经查没有发现癌细胞,食欲正常,身体状况良好。恢复正常工作生活,1年之后电话回访,至今未复发。
2.7、人体毒性试验
随机抽取就诊的食道癌患者100例,年龄25~60岁,平均41.5岁,其中男109例,女104例;病程2月~13年,平均病程2.47年,进行毒性评价。
2.7.2、毒性评价
用药前和服用药物持续一个月之后各作一次体检,体检项目:
(1)一般体检项目:体温、脉搏、呼吸;
(2)血、尿、大便常规检查,治疗前后各作一次;
(3)肝功能AST、ALT;肾功能BUN、CR及血糖;心功能CPK、LDH、EKG;凝血功能及血小板。
2.7.3、对毒性评价分级,标准如下:
0级:无毒性症状表现;
l级:轻度毒性症状表现;
2级:中度毒性症状表现;
3级:严重毒性症状表现;
4级:危及生命毒性症状表现;
根据体检结果分析得出,100例食道癌患者中,0级89人,1级11人,3级0人,4级0人。
从疗效及毒性评价上可以看出,本发明药物制剂可以有效地控制食道癌患者的病变进程,而且毒副作用较小。
观察的100例患者中,服用本发明中药后仅有3例轻度腹泻,出现副反应的几率小。
实施例3:一种用于治疗食道癌的药物制剂,含有下列重量克:
生牡蛎3克、半夏2克、全蝎1克、仙鹤草2克、白术5克、牛蒡子10克、鸡内金5克、土鳖虫2克、白花蛇舌草10克、川楝子7克、半枝莲8克、紫草7克、甘草8克、青黛10克、荆芥8克、广木香8克、瓜蒌5克、盐蛇干3克、北沙参14克、昆布3克。
制备方法为:
(1)取仙鹤草、白花蛇舌草、紫草、北沙参、荆芥和瓜蒌加水浸泡1小时,用挥发油提取器提取挥发油,再用无水硫酸钠干燥取得挥发油,再用β-环糊精包合,制得包合物,包合物及药渣备用;
(2)取白术、牛蒡子、青黛、广木香和昆布加70%乙醇提取2次,每次1小时,合并药液,静置24小时,备用;
(3)取半夏、全蝎、半枝莲、甘草、鸡内金、土鳖虫、川楝子、盐蛇干和生牡蛎碎成细粉和步骤(1)中药渣混合后用适量75%乙醇提取2次,每次1小时,收集提取液,静置24小时,备用;
(4)取第(2)和(3)步骤中制得的上清液,减压回收乙醇,浓缩至60℃,密度为1.03的浸膏,干燥后备用;
(5)向浸膏中加入第(1)步骤中制得的β-环糊精包合物,测定其重量,加入其重量5-15%的乳糖和糊精的混合物,其中乳糖和糊精的混合物中乳糖和糊精的重量比为1:1;搅拌均匀加热至80~90℃,过100目筛,用喷雾干燥机制得提取物粉末,分装即得颗粒剂,每包20g。
实施例4:一种用于治疗食道癌的药物制剂,含有下列重量克:
生牡蛎11克、半夏10克、全蝎3克、仙鹤草8克、白术14克、牛蒡子25克、鸡内金14克、土鳖虫7克、白花蛇舌草18克、川楝子14克、半枝莲17克、紫草19克、甘草14克、青黛25克、荆芥17克、广木香15克、瓜蒌10克、盐蛇干7克、北沙参26克、昆布10克。
制备方法为:
(1)取仙鹤草、白花蛇舌草、紫草、北沙参、荆芥和瓜蒌加水浸泡2小时,用挥发油提取器提取挥发油,再用无水硫酸钠干燥取得挥发油,再用β-环糊精包合,制得包合物,包合物及药渣备用;
(2)取白术、牛蒡子、青黛、广木香和昆布加70%乙醇提取2次,每次2小时,合并药液,静置24小时,备用;
(3)取半夏、全蝎、半枝莲、甘草、鸡内金、土鳖虫、川楝子、盐蛇干和生牡蛎碎成细粉和步骤(1)中药渣混合后用适量75%乙醇提取2次,每次2小时,收集提取液,静置24小时,备用;
(4)取第(2)和(3)步骤中制得的上清液,减压回收乙醇,浓缩至70℃,密度为1.09的浸膏,干燥后备用;
(5)向浸膏中加入第(1)步骤中制得的β-环糊精包合物,测定其重量,加入其重量5-15%的乳糖和糊精的混合物,其中乳糖和糊精的混合物中乳糖和糊精的重量比为2:1;搅拌均匀加热至80~90℃,过100目筛,用喷雾干燥机制得提取物粉末,分装即得颗粒剂,每包20g。
实施例5:一种用于治疗食道癌的药物制剂,含有下列重量克:
生牡蛎7克、半夏6克、全蝎2克、仙鹤草5克、白术9.5克、牛蒡子17.5克、鸡内金9.5克、土鳖虫4.5克、白花蛇舌草14克、川楝子10.5克、半枝莲12.5克、紫草13克、甘草11克、青黛17.5克、荆芥12.5克、广木香11.5克、瓜蒌7.5克、盐蛇干5克、北沙参20克、昆布6.5克。
制备方法为:
(1)取仙鹤草、白花蛇舌草、紫草、北沙参、荆芥和瓜蒌加水浸泡1.5小时,用挥发油提取器提取挥发油,再用无水硫酸钠干燥取得挥发油,再用β-环糊精包合,制得包合物,包合物及药渣备用;
(2)取白术、牛蒡子、青黛、广木香和昆布加70%乙醇提取2次,每次1.5小时,合并药液,静置24小时,备用;
(3)取半夏、全蝎、半枝莲、甘草、鸡内金、土鳖虫、川楝子、盐蛇干和生牡蛎碎成细粉和步骤(1)中药渣混合后用适量75%乙醇提取2次,每次1.5小时,收集提取液,静置24小时,备用;
(4)取第(2)和(3)步骤中制得的上清液,减压回收乙醇,浓缩至65℃,密度为1.06的浸膏,干燥后备用;
(5)向浸膏中加入第(1)步骤中制得的β-环糊精包合物,测定其重量,加入其重量5-15%的乳糖和糊精的混合物,其中乳糖和糊精的混合物中乳糖和糊精的重量比为1.5:1;搅拌均匀加热至85℃,过100目筛,用喷雾干燥机制得提取物粉末,分装即得颗粒剂,颗粒剂每包重20g。
实施例6:一种用于治疗食道癌的药物制剂,含有下列重量克:
生牡蛎8克、半夏6.5克、全蝎2.5克、仙鹤草6克、白术10.5克、牛蒡子18.5克、鸡内金10.5克、土鳖虫5.5克、白花蛇舌草15克、川楝子11.5克、半枝莲13.5克、紫草14克、甘草11.5克、青黛18.5克、荆芥13.5克、广木香12.5克、瓜蒌8.5克、盐蛇干5.5克、北沙参21克、昆布7克。
制备方法同实施例5。
Claims (9)
1.一种用于治疗食道癌的药物制剂,其特征在于:所述的药物制剂包括以下中药材:生牡蛎、半夏、全蝎、仙鹤草、白术、牛蒡子、鸡内金、土鳖虫、白花蛇舌草、川楝子、半枝莲、紫草、甘草、青黛、荆芥、广木香、瓜蒌、盐蛇干、北沙参、昆布。
2.根据权利要求1所述的药物制剂,其特征在于,所述的药物制剂包括以下重量份中药材:生牡蛎3-11份、半夏2-10份、全蝎1-3份、仙鹤草2-8份、白术5-14份、牛蒡子10-25份、鸡内金5-14份、土鳖虫2-7份、白花蛇舌草10-18份、川楝子7-14份、半枝莲8-17份、紫草7-19份、甘草8-14份、青黛10-25份、荆芥8-17份、广木香8-15份、瓜蒌5-10份、盐蛇干3-7份、北沙参14-26份、昆布3-10份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的药物制剂,其特征在于,所述的药物制剂包括以下重量份中药材:生牡蛎7份、半夏6份、全蝎2份、仙鹤草5份、白术9.5份、牛蒡子17.5份、鸡内金9.5份、土鳖虫4.5份、白花蛇舌草14份、川楝子10.5份、半枝莲12.5份、紫草13份、甘草11份、青黛17.5份、荆芥12.5份、广木香11.5份、瓜蒌7.5份、盐蛇干5份、北沙参20份、昆布6.5份。
4.根据权利要求1所述的药物制剂,其特征在于,所述的药物制剂包括以下重量份中药材:生牡蛎8份、半夏6.5份、全蝎2.5份、仙鹤草6份、白术10.5份、牛蒡子18.5份、鸡内金10.5份、土鳖虫5.5份、白花蛇舌草15份、川楝子11.5份、半枝莲13.5份、紫草14份、甘草11.5份、青黛18.5份、荆芥13.5份、广木香12.5份、瓜蒌8.5份、盐蛇干5.5份、北沙参21份、昆布7份。
5.根据权利要求1所述的药物制剂,其特征在于:所述的药物剂型选自颗粒剂、胶囊剂、片剂、注射剂、酊剂、栓剂、丸剂、糖浆剂、合剂、散剂、洗剂、膜剂、滴丸中的一种。
6.根据权利要求5所述的药物制剂,其特征在于:所述的药物剂型选自颗粒剂,颗粒剂每包的重量为20g。
7.一种权利要求1-6所述的药物制剂的制备方法,其特征在于,具体的步骤包含为:
(1)取仙鹤草、白花蛇舌草、紫草、北沙参、荆芥和瓜蒌加水浸泡1-2小时,用挥发油提取器提取挥发油,再用无水硫酸钠干燥取得挥发油,再用β-环糊精包合,制得包合物,包合物及药渣备用;
(2)取白术、牛蒡子、青黛、广木香和昆布加70%乙醇提取2次,每次1-2小时,合并药液,静置24小时,备用;
(3)取半夏、全蝎、半枝莲、甘草、鸡内金、土鳖虫、川楝子、盐蛇干和生牡蛎碎成细粉和步骤(1)中药渣混合后用适量75%乙醇提取2次,每次1-2小时,收集提取液,静置24小时,备用;
(4)取第(2)和(3)步骤中制得的上清液,减压回收乙醇,浓缩至60℃-70℃,密度为1.03~1.09的浸膏,干燥后加入熟三七备用;
(5)向浸膏中加入第(1)步骤中制得的β-环糊精包合物,测定其重量,加入其重量5-15%的乳糖和糊精的混合物,其中乳糖和糊精的混合物中乳糖和糊精的重量比为1-2:1;搅拌均匀加热至80~90℃,过100目筛,用喷雾干燥机制得提取物粉末,分装即得颗粒剂。
8.一种权利要求1所述的药物制剂的制备方法,其特征在于,具体的步骤包含为:
(1)取仙鹤草、白花蛇舌草、紫草、北沙参、荆芥和瓜蒌加水浸泡1.5小时,用挥发油提取器提取挥发油,再用无水硫酸钠干燥取得挥发油,再用β-环糊精包合,制得包合物,包合物及药渣备用;
(2)取白术、牛蒡子、青黛、广木香和昆布加70%乙醇提取2次,每次1.5小时,合并药液,静置24小时,备用;
(3)取半夏、全蝎、半枝莲、甘草、鸡内金、土鳖虫、川楝子、盐蛇干和生牡蛎碎成细粉和步骤(1)中药渣混合后用适量75%乙醇提取2次,每次1.5小时,收集提取液,静置24小时,备用;
(4)取第(2)和(3)步骤中制得的上清液,减压回收乙醇,浓缩至65℃,密度为1.06的浸膏,干燥后备用;
(5)向浸膏中加入第(1)步骤中制得的β-环糊精包合物,测定其重量,加入其重量10%的乳糖和糊精的混合物,其中乳糖和糊精的混合物中乳糖和糊精的重量比为1.5:1;搅拌均匀加热至85℃,过100目筛,用喷雾干燥机制得提取物粉末,分装即得颗粒剂。
9.根据权利要求1所述的药物制剂,其特征在于:所述的药物制剂在在制备治疗食道癌的药物中的用途。
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