CN105767015A - Method for preventing and treating rice planthoppers through beauveria bassiana - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for preventing and treating rice planthoppers through beauveria bassiana.The method comprises the steps that fermentation and reproduction are performed on beauveria bassiana in a room, high-concentration beauveria bassiana high sporopollen is obtained, and a bacteria solution with the spore concentration being 0.1-0.3 billion/ml is manufactured to be sprayed to rice, wherein the effective material for killing rice planthoppers of the bacteria solution is viable spores of beauveria bassiana; after the spores make contact with rice planthoppers, germination is performed on the proper temperature condition, hyphae grow and invade the rice planthoppers, a large number of hyphae and secretions are generated, rice planthoppers are sick and dead about 4-5 days later.The dead rice planthoppers are white and stiff and full of hyphae and white powdery spores on the surface, the spores can continue to be spread by means of wind, insects and the like, and other rice planthoppers are infected.

Description

A kind of method utilizing muscardine preventing and treating planthopper

Technical field

The present invention relates to Biological control insect field, especially relate to a kind of method utilizing muscardine preventing and treating planthopper.

Background technology

Organic agriculture refers in agricultural production, follow ecological law, substantially the artificial composite articles such as chemical fertilizer, pesticide, chemical agent is not used, and using fertilizer and the organic feeds such as excrement of animals, green manure, straw-returning as far as possible, various biologies on probation and physical measure carry out the mode of agriculture of prevention and elimination of disease and pests.20 century 70s; organic agriculture is surging forward in developed country; organic agriculture is pollution-free, be conducive to ecological environmental protection and features good taste, safe and high quality; thus in the world, more than 100 country obtains rapidly popularization and application; the organic agriculture of China is started in the nineties in 20th century; based on plant product, the Oryza sativa L. of one of staple food crop that the world is main is exactly one of them.Organic paddy rice, on the ground such as Heilungkiang, Fujian, all obtains the plantation of larger area, 2011, and the cultivated area of China's organic paddy rice has just reached 11.9 ten thousand hm2.

Plantation organic paddy rice is significant to China, and China is large agricultural country.For a long time, the mode of production of traditional agriculture uses the compounds such as chemical fertilizer, herbicide, additive in a large number, and ecological environment and bio-diversity are all brought harmful effect.And the plantation of organic paddy rice, the national requirement to high-grade rice product can be met on the one hand, improve the safety of food, greenness.On the other hand, also help and reduce the agricultural pollution that excrement of animals, pesticide etc. cause, additionally, also help the multiformity that protection China is ecological, promote the sustainable development of agricultural.There are significant economy, society and ecological benefits.

But owing to organic rice yield is low, it is impossible to meet the demand of most consumers.Therefore, some do not use the non-organic Oryza sativa L. of high-quality of pesticide to occupy very big market, are accomplished by seeking the additive method pest and disease damage to Oryza sativa L. when not using chemical pesticide and prevent and treat.

Summary information, it has been found that no matter be organic paddy rice or high-quality non-organic Oryza sativa L., for not using the pest and disease damage of chemical pesticide control Oryza sativa L. all to have very big market.

Summary of the invention

Problem to be solved by this invention is, for above-mentioned shortcoming of the prior art, it is proposed to innovation scheme, especially a kind of utilization utilizes the method for muscardine preventing and treating planthopper.

For solving the problems referred to above, the scheme that the present invention adopts is as follows: a kind of method utilizing muscardine preventing and treating planthopper, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:

(1) preparing before fermentation: before starting fermentation, sterilize with 5% bleaching powder in fermentation flooring, to fermenting, the utensil that uses goes out scouring with 0.5% new clean youngster, uses 5ml/m by airtight for fermenting cellar³Formalin fumigation 12h；

(2) fermentation of white muscardine fungi separates: the culture medium of muscardine solid fermentation includes rice husk, Semen Maydis powder, analysis for soybean powder, tray solid fermentation is carried out in 25m3 fermentation tank, the initial moisture content of culture medium is 60% ~ 65%, aeration condition is: front 12h stuffiness, 12 ~ 48h ventilation is the ventilation of 1:2,48 ~ 144h is 1:1, and temperature controls at 20-25 degree Celsius in 12 ~ 48 ± 8h, it is easily separated after fermentation 144h, obtains muscardine height cryptogam；

(3) muscardine height cryptogam uses: muscardine height cryptogam is configured to concentration is 100,000,000 3 hundred million spores/ml bacterium solution, bacterium solution is uniformly sprayed on polypide and branch and leaf with aerosol apparatus.

Further, the method utilizing muscardine preventing and treating planthopper according to above-mentioned design, it is characterised in that in described step (2), each constituent mass percentage ratio of culture medium is 90% rice husk, 5% Semen Maydis powder, 5% analysis for soybean powder.

As the control of preferred muscardine height cryptogam it is: the average spore 85～12,000,000,000/g that lives, spore germination rate more than 95%, moisture less than 3%.Normal temperature drying can maintain the spore rate alive of muscardine to greatest extent.

The technique effect of the present invention is as follows: a kind of utilization utilizes the method for muscardine preventing and treating planthopper, first muscardine is allowed to carry out fermentating breeding in indoor, obtain the muscardine height cryptogam of high concentration, and make the bacterium solution that concentration is 100,000,000 3 hundred million spores/ml, being sprayed on Oryza sativa L., it kills the spore alive that planthopper active substance is muscardine.After spore contact planthopper, sprouting under suitable temperature conditions, mycelia invades in planthopper body in growth, produces a large amount of mycelia and secretions, makes planthopper sick, about dead after 4-5 days.The dead white stiff shape of planthopper, body surface covers with mycelia and white powder spore.Spore can borrow wind, insecticide etc. to continue diffusion, infects other planthoppers.

Muscardine needs suitable humiture (24～28 DEG C, relative humidity about 90%, soil moisture content more than 5%) just can make insect cause a disease.Insect infects the dead speed of muscardine slowly, just dead after 4～6 days.Muscardine is mixed with low dosage chemical pesticide (25% parathion microcapsule, 48% Le Siben etc.) obvious potentiation.

Mainly through insect cuticle contact infection, secondly also can through digestive tract and respiratory tract infection.The approach infected is different because of the difference of the kind of insecticide, worm state, environmental condition etc..

Scanning electron microscope or Fluorescent Staining Observation find, namely the of short duration growth on cotton bollworm larvae body wall of beauveria bassiana height toxic bacterial strain forms invasion structure, and low toxic bacterial strain produces elongated stolon on larva body wall, these mycelia from insect body absorption nutrition, can ultimately result in insect death.

Having two ways when contaminating rice green leafhopper, first is infected by skin.The conidium sprouted goes out germ tube the coria director that polypide body wall chitin is relatively thin, and molten chitinase is secreted in germ tube top makes chitin be dissolved into an aperture, sprouts

Send out pipe and enter polypide.At this moment probably infect 24 hours.The effect of enzyme borrowed by the germ tube sprouted, constantly dissolve body wall chitin to extend forward, until the mycelia that body wall epithelial cell just generates is also into body wall, then haemolymphoid tissue is invaded, mycelia, originally along cell membrane development growth, is then passed through cell membrane and enters in cell, then protoplasm and nucleus inactivation, nutriment is depleted, disappearance of disintegrating in a large number.The destruction of a large amount of hypodermal cell layers is the result infected due to mycelia in body cavity, and now mycelia is subject to the encirclement of insecticide, internal hemocyte, and cavity occurs in hemocyte, and tinting strength, tinting power reduces.Mycelia produces many blastopores simultaneously.Blastopore produces new mycelia, repeatedly constantly breeds with this after sprouting, and breaks through hemocyte barrier and enters body cavity.Breed in the mode such as blastopore, conidium again in body cavity, be diffused into polypide institute in a organized way. such as digestive tract, Malpighian tube, fat-body etc., at this moment about infect 48～72 hours.After infecting 96 hours, insect tissue organ major part is destroyed, and mycelia bunchy passes body surface, forms aerial hyphae, and initially forms conidiophore and conidium.Infecting 120～118 hours, polypide table grows a large amount of aerial hyphae, conidiophore and conidium and discharges, and now except part body wall place, its hetero-organization is all destroyed, and nutriment is also depleted.

Fungus spore germination, its germ tube enters after polypide free floating in haemocoele, increases gradually and becomes mycelia, and these mycelia are by absorbing moisture in polypide and nutrient, constantly elongation, branch, propagation, and invade organ sites, make whole polypide be full of mycelium.In this process, thalline can produce calcium oxalate crystal, reduces the acidity of hemolymph, makes organism metabolism get muddled.

Detailed description of the invention

Embodiment: a kind of method utilizing muscardine preventing and treating planthopper, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:

1, preparing before fermentation: before starting fermentation, sterilize with 5% bleaching powder in fermentation flooring, to fermenting, the utensil that uses goes out scouring with 0.5% new clean youngster, uses 5ml/m by airtight for fermenting cellar³Formalin fumigation 12h；

2, fermentation of white muscardine fungi separates: the culture medium of muscardine solid fermentation includes rice husk, Semen Maydis powder, analysis for soybean powder, tray solid fermentation is carried out in 25m3 fermentation tank, the initial moisture content of culture medium is 60% ~ 65%, aeration condition is: front 12h stuffiness, 12 ~ 48h ventilation is the ventilation of 1:2,48 ~ 144h is 1:1, and temperature controls at 20-25 degree Celsius in 12 ~ 48 ± 8h, it is easily separated after fermentation 144h, obtains muscardine height cryptogam；

Muscardine height cryptogam uses: muscardine height cryptogam is configured to concentration is 100,000,000 3 hundred million spores/ml bacterium solution, bacterium solution is uniformly sprayed on polypide and branch and leaf with aerosol apparatus.

Claims (2)

1. the method utilizing muscardine preventing and treating planthopper, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:

Preparing before fermentation: before starting fermentation, sterilize with 5% bleaching powder in fermentation flooring, to fermenting, the utensil that uses goes out scouring with 0.5% new clean youngster, uses 5ml/m by airtight for fermenting cellar³Formalin fumigation 12h；

Fermentation of white muscardine fungi separates: the culture medium of muscardine solid fermentation includes rice husk, Semen Maydis powder, analysis for soybean powder, tray solid fermentation is carried out in 25m3 fermentation tank, the initial moisture content of culture medium is 60% ~ 65%, aeration condition is: front 12h stuffiness, 12 ~ 48h ventilation is the ventilation of 1:2,48 ~ 144h is 1:1, and temperature controls at 20-25 degree Celsius in 12 ~ 48 ± 8h, it is easily separated after fermentation 144h, obtains muscardine height cryptogam；

Muscardine height cryptogam uses: muscardine height cryptogam is configured to concentration is 100,000,000 3 hundred million spores/ml bacterium solution, bacterium solution is uniformly sprayed on polypide and branch and leaf with aerosol apparatus.

2. the method utilizing muscardine preventing and treating planthopper according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in described step (2), each constituent mass percentage ratio of culture medium is 90% rice husk, 5% Semen Maydis powder, 5% analysis for soybean powder.