CN105766294A - Method for preventing drought damage, freezing damage and dry hot wind of winter wheat - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for preventing drought damage, freezing damage and dry hot wind of winter wheat, and relates to the technical field of crop protection.Seed dressing liquid is prepared for drought damage protection, wheat freezing damage is avoided by watering for preventing freeze and covering a wheat field, and damage of dry hot wind to the wheat is avoided by watering at suitable time and spraying foliar fertilizer and a plant growth regulator.The method is reasonable, convenient to implement, good in protection effect and capable of facilitating yield increasing.

Description

A kind of means of defence of winter wheat drought injury, freeze injury and hot dry wind

Technical field

The invention belongs to crops disaster prevention technical field, be specifically related to the means of defence of a kind of winter wheat drought injury, freeze injury and hot dry wind.

Background technology

Due to abnormal weather factor impacts such as temperature, moisture, wind between wheat growth stage, Semen Tritici aestivi fertility is made seriously to be subject to or dead, thus reducing yield and quality.The meteorological disaster of Gansu Province Dong Maiqu mainly has drought injury, freeze injury and xeothermic windburn etc..

If water deficient in Semen Tritici aestivi growing process, growth promoter will be suppressed, and also can cause dead Seedling, blue or green withered or affect solid during serious water shortage, even has no harvest thus reducing yield.Between wheat date of seeding, drought impact is emerged, though or can emerge but seedling is thin and delicate, root system development is poor, and tiller is few.The volt autumn drought of Winter Wheat Area, the north also can increase the weight of freeze injury.The jointing of Semen Tritici aestivi to boot stage is critical period of water need, is also that Semen Tritici aestivi needs water peak period all one's life, and this phase arid can make the percentage of earbearing tiller and setting percentage reduce, and yield effect is maximum；Heading is to ripe, and particularly milk stage, the water requirement of Semen Tritici aestivi is also relatively big, and now arid can affect kernel grouting, causes mass of 1000 kernel to decline.Do farmland capital construction well, put aside rainy season precipitation, expand high yields irrespective of drought or water logging field area, promote drought resisting and water saving cultivation technique, be the key of High-Yield Cultivation of Wheat.

Hot dry wind is a kind of high temperature low humidity the atmospheric drought phenomenon with certain wind-force, is the major weather disaster of Semen Tritici aestivi milk stage, and the masses are referred to as " windburn ", " drought wind " and " hot blast " etc..The index of hot dry wind generally with " three thirds " represent, i.e. daily maximum temperature >=30 DEG C, day minimum relative humidity≤30%, wind speed >=3 meter per second.Hot dry wind weather often occur in May to June, Semen Tritici aestivi milk stage at a time when this, temperature is high, humidity is little, evaporation capacity Wheat And Barley leaf water content reduces, improving activity of root system reduces, cause plant water stress, cell leakage is destroyed, and photosynthesis is obstructed, and often will cause disaster in the short time.Be injured the stem stalk of plant and the wheat head withered and yellow, grain husk shell is greyish white, and awns is blown, and seed is shrivelled, and mass of 1000 kernel declines, gently the then underproduction about 10%, and weight is the underproduction more than 30% then.Farmer's proverb has the saying of " wheat is afraid of April (lunar calendar) wind, and wind is excessively futile ", reflects the weight of hot dry wind harm.

Freeze injury generally divides Wintering Period freeze injury and Spring cold injury.Winter wheat survives the winter period poor growth or substantially stop growing, and cold hardiness is relatively strong, even if being the winter variety that cold hardiness is strong, is also subject to freeze injury as extreme minimum temperature in winter drops to less than-20 DEG C；Weak winter variety is typically in less than-16 DEG C and will be injured.If additionally, sowing too early, over growth before the winter, or the weak Seedling of late sowing, or sowed shallow tillering node when overhead crossing near, freeze injury all can be made to increase the weight of.After spring wheat is turned green, particularly after jointing, the cold hardiness of plant declines.As met-9 DEG C of low temperature in after jointing 1～7 day, the low temperature meeting-6～-7 DEG C in 7～14 days, the low temperature meeting-2～-3 DEG C in 14～20 days, meet the low temperature of-1 DEG C after 20 days, all can endure cold, gently then setting percentage reduces, heavy then cause dead Seedling.Spring frost is generally in this freeze injury.Reasonable zoning is planted, select that the strong wheat breed of winter resistance, proper seeding, seed level are suitable, cultivate the winter before strong sprout, be the main path preventing wheat freeze injury.The cultivation steps such as before Late frost arrives, employing is poured water, suppression, all can prevent or alleviate frost damage.

Wheatland is because of excessive rainfall, and level of ground water is high, and the soil texture glues and weighs and impeded drainage, makes the soil moisture long period be in saturation (field capacity more than 80%), anoxia in soil；Or because unbroken wet weather, soil and air humidity are big, add that sunshine is few, Semen Tritici aestivi all can be made to suffer wet injury.Such as wet injury during sowing, will be unable to carry out seeding operation；If seedling stage meets wet injury, anoxia in soil, growth of seedling is bad, can rotten dead Seedling time serious；Such as wet injury after jointing, making root system senilism, stem and leaf is early withered；The unbroken wet weather of full heading time, is conducive to head blight, leaf blight etc. to spread, and endangers even more serious；Excessive rainfall during results, also can cause Spike sprouting.

Summary of the invention

The technical problem to be solved is in that to provide the means of defence that a kind of method is reasonable, implement convenient, protection effect is good a kind of Semen Tritici aestivi meteorological disaster.

The present invention realizes especially by techniques below scheme:

The means of defence of a kind of winter wheat drought injury, mainly comprises the steps that

1) suitable concentration: select the fluid,matching of boron fertilizer of 6% calcium superphosphate and 0.1%；

2) compound method: select the good calcium superphosphate 6kg of quality, pulverizes caking, shows in container, and add water 100kg, being sufficiently stirred for, its effective ingredient short dissolves, and then quiet puts, after thick slag avales, clear water liquid above is poured into another container, then adds boron fertilizer by this liquid measure, obtain phosphorus boron liquid；

3) seed dressing method: the ratio of phosphorus boron liquid and seed is 1:10, weighs up solution by seed dressing quantum count, first spills on seed by half, spray limit, limit is mixed, and makes every seed be stained with solution equably, then stacks 1-2 hour, when seed coat is dry, make white grain seed be stained with solution equably, then stack 1-2 hour, when seed coat is dry, then by remaining solution, first mix on seed, mix at twice, to avoid solution to run off, after seed dressing 3-4 hour, seed grain can be sowed when dissipating；

4) Film dropping in hill technology is sowed.

In step (2), boron fertilizer adding method is that 100kg calcium superphosphate adds boron fertilizer 0.1kg, then adds 0.2kg with Borax.

The means of defence of a kind of winter wheat freeze injury, mainly comprises the steps that

1) water antifreeze: according to weather forecast first frost and arrive before 1-2 days assault pouring；

2) wheatland covers: before in forecast, the presence of the polar current, and every mu of wheatland wheat bran 250 kilograms, or decomposed manure 2500-3000kg are uniformly spread on wheat rhizosphere and are covered around.

The means of defence of a kind of winter wheat hot dry wind, mainly comprises the steps that

1) optimum period, waters: grouting water waters at initial bloom stage, and wheat yellow fluid carried out in milk stage to dough stage, and the water yield is advisable with drenched topsoil；

2) spraying foliage fertilizer: use ten thousand treasured, clear water is diluted 500～600 times, each every mu of spray diluent 45～600 times, each every mu of spray diluent 45～50 kilograms, boot stage and pustulation period respectively spray once；Use spraying conerete, respectively spray once wheat booting poplar bloassom and pustulation period, be watered 1000 times, spray after when fine day afternoon four, every mu of each spray diluent 60 kilograms；Use potassium dihydrogen phosphate, at wheat booting to florescence, carry out foliage-spray twice with the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of concentration 0.3%～0.4%, every time spray solution 50～60 kilograms；Using plant ash, spray plant ash aqueous solution 2-3 time during Semen Tritici aestivi jointing to booting, add the ratio of 50 kilograms of clear water in every mu every time with high-quality Radix Glycyrrhizae wood ash 5 kilograms, after soaking diel, clarification sprays after removing slag；

3) spray plant growth regulator: use triacontanol, spray one of percentage concentration liquid twice at wheat booting to early flowering season；Using sodium naphthenate, at wheat flower to pustulation period, with the water preparation of 40%, be watered 2500～3000 times, once, each every mu sprays diluent 70 kilograms in each spray.

The invention have the benefit that above-mentioned steps very simple, clear, and the Costco Wholesale of the material such as fertilizer is non-normally low, is also general material, is suitable for professional or non-professional plant personnel and uses.The inventive method is rationally, enforcement is convenient, protection effect is good.

Detailed description of the invention

Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described further, the following stated, it is only to presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, the present invention not does the restriction of other forms, and any those skilled in the art are changed to the equal Equivalent embodiments changed possibly also with the technology contents of the disclosure above.Every without departing from the present invention program content, any simple modification following example done according to the technical spirit of the present invention or equivalent variations, all fall within protection scope of the present invention.

Embodiment 1

The prevention of drought injury

The seed dressing of winter wheat seed phosphorus boron can promote Semen Tritici aestivi early to emerge, and goes out and strong sprout enhancing drought resistance of wheat, raising yield is had good effect, mu volume increase Semen Tritici aestivi 21～36kg.

Method is as follows:

1. suitable concentration: conventional solution formula is the fluid,matching of boron fertilizer of 6% calcium superphosphate and 0.1%.

2. compound method: select the good calcium superphosphate 6kg of quality, pulverize caking, showing in container, add water 100kg, is sufficiently stirred for, its effective ingredient short dissolves, then quiet put, after thick slag avales, clear water liquid above is poured into another container, boron fertilizer 0.1kg (namely 100kg calcium superphosphate adds boron fertilizer 0.1kg) is added again, as then added 0.2kg. with Borax by this liquid measure

3. seed dressing method: the ratio of phosphorus boron liquid and seed is 1:10, weighs up solution by seed dressing quantum count, first spills on seed by half, spray limit, limit is mixed, and makes every seed be stained with solution equably, then stacks 1-2 hour, when seed coat is dry, make white grain seed be stained with solution equably, then stack 1-2 hour, when seed coat is dry, then by remaining solution, first mix on seed, mix at twice, solution can be avoided to run off, and after seed dressing 3-4 hour, seed grain can be sowed when dissipating.

4. widely popularize dry farming Film dropping in hill technology.

Embodiment 2

The defence of freeze injury

1. water antifreeze: the defence most effective measure of Early spring freezing injury is to pay close attention to Changes in weather, notes watching and listen radio and television weather forecast, pours water before cooling.Because the heat Capacity Ratio air of water and soil are big, watering before early spring, the presence of the polar current to make surface layer water in air vapour increase, and when occurring to condense, releases latent heat, to reduce the change of surface temperature.Meanwhile, after pouring water, soil moisture increases, and thermal conduction of soil ability strengthens, and makes the soil moisture increase.Therefore, there is the area of irrigation conditions, water before cold wave comes, it is possible to adjustably surface layer miniclimate, defence Early spring freezing injury is had good effect.According to investigations, pour water before frost and can improve wheatland near-earth temperature 2-4 DEG C, there is the effect alleviating frost.Therefore, defence freeze injury can according to weather forecast assault pouring in 1-2 days before first frost and arrival.Low-lying land be should first water, then sandy ground, Gao Gangdi watered, good can not the watering of soil moisture content.But when frost arrives, be sure not to water, in order to avoid aggravation freeze injury.

2. wheatland covers: before in forecast, the presence of the polar current, and every mu of wheatland wheat bran 250 kilograms, or decomposed manure 2500-3000kg are uniformly spread on wheat rhizosphere and are covered around.According to investigations, covering 5 centimetres of ground temperature than not covering and improve 0.5 DEG C, water content is high by 1.2%, and tiller increases by 0.7, and secondary root increases by 2.1, freezes leaf rate and declines more than 30%.

Embodiment 3

The prevention of hot dry wind

Hot dry wind is the major casualty of Winter Wheat Area Semen Tritici aestivi late growth stage, has the generation that degree is different every year.Sustainable development and late-maturing wheat breed area recently as damage caused by a drought constantly expand, and the occurrence injury of hot dry wind is in adding to trend year by year.Due to spring has set in continuous drought, strong wind sky is many, and it is serious that wheatland loses business, as prevented hot dry wind not in time, wheat yield 1-2 generally can be caused to become, more than even can causing 3 one-tenth, should take following technical measures in time, control or alleviate harm.

1. optimum period, waters: optimum period waters grouting water and wheat yellow fluid, not only can reduce field humidity.Increase temperature between soil and Semen Tritici aestivi strain, effectively regulate field microclimate, it it is the key controlling or alleviating hot dry wind, but also create conditions for summer sowing after cornfield interplanting and wheat, grouting water should water at initial bloom stage, and wheat yellow fluid to carry out in milk stage to dough stage, and the water yield is advisable with drenched topsoil, the basis watered carries out, otherwise easily causes the rotten underproduction.

2. spraying foliage fertilizer, spray following foliage fertilizer has good result in good time；

What (1) the ten thousand Jia Bao Chinese Academy of Sciences succeeded in developing a kind of integrates drought resisting, disease-resistant, the multi-functional compound leave fertilizer of one that encourages, increase income, clear water is diluted 500～600 times, each every mu of spray diluent 45～600 times, each every mu of spray diluent 45～50 kilograms, boot stage and pustulation period respectively spray once, generally can increase production more than 10%.

(2) spraying conerete respectively sprays once wheat booting poplar bloassom and pustulation period, is watered 1000 times, sprays after when fine day afternoon four, every mu of each spray diluent 60 kilograms.

(3) potassium dihydrogen phosphate is at wheat booting to florescence, carries out foliage-spray twice with the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of concentration 0.3%～0.4%, and spray solution 50～60 kilograms, can increase production 12.9% every time；

(4) plant ash sprays plant ash aqueous solution 2-3 time during Semen Tritici aestivi jointing to booting, to prevention Wheat lodging, prevention Dry-hot winds is respond well, also has the effect specially controlling wheat aphid, more than 10% can be increased production, add the ratio of 50 kilograms of clear water with high-quality Radix Glycyrrhizae wood ash 5 kilograms in every mu, after soaking diel, clarification sprays after removing slag every time.

3. spray plant growth regulator

(1) triacontanol.It it is a kind of type plant modifying agent, one of percentage concentration (namely 10 milliliters of Emulsions are watered 100 kilograms) liquid is sprayed twice at wheat booting to early flowering season, there is promotion plant metabolism, strengthen moisture and Nutrient Absorption, improve leaf urea content, reduce coefficient, alleviate the effects such as hot dry wind harm, generally can increase production more than 5%.

(2) sodium naphthenate, also known as Petro-deried growthaids, to person poultry harmless.At wheat flower to pustulation period, with the water preparation of 40%, being watered 2500～3000 times, once, each every mu sprays diluent 70 kilograms, can increase chlorophyll content, improve rate of photosynthisis, strengthen hot-dry wind tolerance ability, increase mass of 1000 kernel, increases production about 10% in each spray.

Claims (4)

1. the means of defence of a winter wheat drought injury, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:

1) suitable concentration: select the fluid,matching of boron fertilizer of 6% calcium superphosphate and 0.1%；

2) compound method: select the good calcium superphosphate 6kg of quality, pulverizes caking, shows in container, and add water 100kg, being sufficiently stirred for, its effective ingredient short dissolves, and then quiet puts, after thick slag avales, clear water liquid above is poured into another container, then adds boron fertilizer by this liquid measure, obtain phosphorus boron liquid；

3) seed dressing method: the ratio of phosphorus boron liquid and seed is 1:10, weighs up solution by seed dressing quantum count, first spills on seed by half, spray limit, limit is mixed, and makes every seed be stained with solution equably, then stacks 1-2 hour, when seed coat is dry, make white grain seed be stained with solution equably, then stack 1-2 hour, when seed coat is dry, then by remaining solution, first mix on seed, mix at twice, to avoid solution to run off, after seed dressing 3-4 hour, seed grain can be sowed when dissipating；

4) Film dropping in hill technology is sowed.

2. the means of defence of a kind of winter wheat drought injury according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step (2), boron fertilizer adding method is that 100kg calcium superphosphate adds boron fertilizer 0.1kg, then adds 0.2kg with Borax.

3. the means of defence of a winter wheat freeze injury, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:

1) water antifreeze: according to weather forecast first frost and arrive before 1-2 days assault pouring；

2) wheatland covers: before in forecast, the presence of the polar current, and every mu of wheatland wheat bran 250 kilograms, or decomposed manure 2500-3000kg are uniformly spread on wheat rhizosphere and are covered around.

4. the means of defence of a winter wheat hot dry wind, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:

1) optimum period, waters: grouting water waters at initial bloom stage, and wheat yellow fluid carried out in milk stage to dough stage, and the water yield is advisable with drenched topsoil；

2) spraying foliage fertilizer: use ten thousand treasured, clear water is diluted 500～600 times, each every mu of spray diluent 45～600 times, each every mu of spray diluent 45～50 kilograms, boot stage and pustulation period respectively spray once；Use spraying conerete, respectively spray once wheat booting poplar bloassom and pustulation period, be watered 1000 times, spray after when fine day afternoon four, every mu of each spray diluent 60 kilograms；Use potassium dihydrogen phosphate, at wheat booting to florescence, carry out foliage-spray twice with the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of concentration 0.3%～0.4%, every time spray solution 50～60 kilograms；Using plant ash, spray plant ash aqueous solution 2-3 time during Semen Tritici aestivi jointing to booting, add the ratio of 50 kilograms of clear water in every mu every time with high-quality Radix Glycyrrhizae wood ash 5 kilograms, after soaking diel, clarification sprays after removing slag；

3) spray plant growth regulator: use triacontanol, spray one of percentage concentration liquid twice at wheat booting to early flowering season；Using sodium naphthenate, at wheat flower to pustulation period, with the water preparation of 40%, be watered 2500～3000 times, once, each every mu sprays diluent 70 kilograms in each spray.