CN105764671B - 具有用于螺纹连接的紧固区域的构件以及成形件和紧固件 - Google Patents

具有用于螺纹连接的紧固区域的构件以及成形件和紧固件 Download PDF

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CN105764671B
CN105764671B CN201480056576.8A CN201480056576A CN105764671B CN 105764671 B CN105764671 B CN 105764671B CN 201480056576 A CN201480056576 A CN 201480056576A CN 105764671 B CN105764671 B CN 105764671B
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fibrous material
fastening
component
drip molding
fastening opening
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CN105764671A (zh
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O.安布罗斯
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Baier und Michels GmbH and Co KG
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Abstract

具有用于螺纹连接的紧固区域（2）的构件（1），其中，所述构件具有一表面（3），该表面具有在至少一个层中埋入并结合到基体（4）中的纤维材料（5），其中，所述纤维材料具有基本上平行于所述表面的纤维走向，其中，所述表面具有紧固开口（6），所述紧固开口具有相对于所述表面布置成一角度的中轴线（7），并且其中，所述紧固开口被设置用于内螺纹（8）。在紧固开口的区域中，由所述表面出发以如下方式进行平行于所述表面的纤维材料的转向：纤维材料的纤维走向在转向之后与所述表面成一角度，该角度接近中轴线的方向。此外，利用被转向的纤维材料构成了管（9）。另一主题是用于这种构件的成形件和紧固件。

Description

具有用于螺纹连接的紧固区域的构件以及成形件和紧固件
技术领域
本发明涉及一种具有用于螺纹连接的紧固区域的构件，其中，所述构件具有表面，所述表面具有在至少一个层中埋入并结合到由粘合剂构成的基体或者说基质（Matrix）中的纤维材料，其中，所述纤维材料具有基本上平行于所述表面的纤维走向，其中，所述表面具有紧固开口，所述紧固开口具有相对于所述表面布置成一角度的中轴线，并且其中，所述紧固开口被设置用于内螺纹。
此外，本发明涉及一种用于螺纹连接的成形件，该成形件由纤维材料制成，所述纤维材料例如是连续纤维增强的未硬化的热固性材料或是纺织物、针织物或编织物，所述纤维材料能够结合到基体中。
本发明还有另一主题是由成形件构成的构件或用于构件的紧固件。
背景技术
在拧入过程中，设有产生螺纹的外螺纹的构件、例如螺栓使螺纹插入到螺母材料的紧固开口中，直接拧接、即拧入过程在一种构件——该构件具有如下这样的表面，该表面具有在至少一个层中埋入并结合到由粘合剂构成的基体中的纤维材料——情况下导致：外螺纹的啮合到紧固开口中的螺纹轮廓侧面在侧向进入到纤维材料中并且纤维材料的这些纤维沿着拧入方向上看彼此脱开。
这尤其是在事后在CFK-板或碳成形件中例如通过钻孔或喷水切割开设孔时是该情况，在那里在直接拧接期间由于进入纤维之间的螺纹牙顶的楔形作用在螺纹轮廓侧面上出现单个纤维与结合的基体之间的分层，这在负载情况下会导致连接被破坏。因为一般涉及的是非常薄壁的构件，所以拧入深度仅是非常少的并且仅能实现小的拉出力或过拧力矩。
由DE 10 2004 046 559 A1已知一种紧固器件，该紧固器件用于将构件紧固在承载元件上，例如片材、塑料件或压铸件上，其中，承载元件具有无螺纹的简单的贯穿部（Durchzug），在该贯穿部中地，具有自攻丝螺纹或自攻螺纹的双线螺纹螺栓在拧入时在贯穿部中产生为了紧固而所需的螺纹。这类外螺纹在拧入到紧固孔中时产生相应的配对螺纹。
由DE 20 2011 103 246 U1已知：在塑料构件情况下为了建立螺纹连接，将具有内螺纹的金属衬套以塑料圆顶注塑包封或压入到一圆顶中。为此，将衬套放入到注塑模具中。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于：在如下构件——该构件具有一表面，该表面具有在至少一个层中埋入且结合到由粘合剂构成的基体中的纤维材料和一紧固开口——中，能够实现下述拧接：构件的纤维材料既没有由于直接拧接时的螺纹产生而彼此分开，也没有在负载情况下由于拉出力而彼此分开。
此外应当提供一种经预制的、但尚未通过基体来加固的、由纤维材料制成的成形件，其中，所述成形件在基体硬化之后随着最终强度的建立适用于针对直接拧接的螺纹产生或适用于切削加工式的螺纹产生，并且其中，此外，硬化的成形件中的纤维材料在负载情况下不会由于拉出力而彼此分开。
最后，在使用一成形件的情况下应当提供一种构件或一种用于构件的紧固件，其适用于针对拧接的螺纹产生，并且此外其纤维材料在负载情况下不会由于拉出力而彼此分开。
具有用于螺纹连接的紧固区域的根据本发明的构件具有一表面，该表面具有在至少一个层中埋入并结合到由粘合剂构成的基体中的纤维材料，其中，所述纤维材料具有基本上平行于所述表面的纤维走向。在所述表面中布置有一紧固开口，该紧固开口具有相对于所述表面布置成一角度的中轴线，其中，所述紧固开口被设置用于螺纹连接的内螺纹。在紧固开口的区域中，由所述表面出发以如下方式进行平行于所述表面的纤维材料的转向：纤维材料的纤维走向在转向之后与所述表面成一角度，该角度接近中轴线的方向。此外利用被转向的纤维材料来构成管。
该管例如可以按照敞开的贯穿部形式构造为突起部或可以构造为具有纤维材料的成型件、尤其是构造为盲孔。
通过所述构件的该设计方案，在构件的紧固区域中提供了具有增大了的拧入深度的拧入点，并且由于纤维材料的特别取向的走向可以承受较高的转矩和预紧力，而不必出现明显的重量增加。
通过纤维走向的转向，在内螺纹通过螺栓而负载时，不再在纤维材料的纤维层之间使纤维材料的纤维复合结构（Faserverbund）负载，而是在最佳情况下仅正交于纤维材料的纤维的纤维走向而负载。这抵抗构件的分层并且因此能够实现较耐用的螺纹连接并且在薄壁的构件中能够实现较大的拧入深度。
根据一种改进方案，螺纹连接可以是直接拧接，其中，连接元件同时是用于在紧固开口中成形螺纹的工具，或者所述紧固开口可以具有预制的内螺纹。所述紧固开口的中轴线可以沿有待提供的螺纹连接的方向取向。
通过纤维走向的转向，在拧入过程期间通过螺栓攻入螺纹时，不再在纤维之间使纤维材料的纤维复合结构分开，而是在最佳情况下仅正交于纤维材料的纤维的纤维走向而分开。这已经在引入内螺纹时抵抗构件的分层。
就引入到所述构件中的、预制的内螺纹而言，也改善了螺纹连接的可负载性，这是因为通过使纤维走向一方面取向到所述管的中轴线上以及另一方面取向到螺纹连接的中轴线上，基本上仅必须承受平行于所述纤维走向的力。
有利地，所述纤维材料可以在所述至少一个层中构造为纺织物、针织物或编织物，其中，尤其设置有多个层，这些层彼此连接。
纤维材料的该构造方案有利于提供具有一表面的构件。通过布置多个层可以根据需要调整所述构件的材料厚度。
有利地，在所述紧固开口的区域中引入附加的纤维材料，该附加的纤维材料不仅与所述表面连接，而且与所述管连接。由此可以有针对性地在螺纹连接的区域中提供对所述构件的加强，而整个构件不必具有较大的材料厚度。
根据本发明的成形件由能结合到基体中的纤维材料，如连续纤维增强的未硬化的热固性材料或纺织物、针织物或编织物制成，所述根据本发明的成形件具有平面的连接区域，该连接区域具有平行于连接区域而延伸的纤维材料，通过该平面的连接区域可以建立与周围的构件的连接。此外，所述成形件具有带中轴线的紧固开口，其中，所述纤维材料在紧固开口的区域中从连接区域出发转向。通过该转向，所述纤维材料转向之后的纤维走向相对于连接区域成一角度，其中，该角度接近中轴线的方向。利用被转向的纤维材料构成了管。
成形件本身还没有硬化并且因此还不具有用于螺纹连接所需的最终强度。这类成形件例如可以由预浸料、即预浸渍的纤维制成，这些纤维可以在未固化的状态下连同地被加入到还未固化的构件中并且然后与该构件一起例如通过基体中的粘合剂的硬化被置于最终强度。但是也同样可以考虑，成形件作为纯纤维编织物或针织物，它们在稍后的时间点，即在引入到构件结构中之后以粘合剂浸湿并且然后该粘合剂被固化。
有利地，管的中轴线可以沿有待提供的螺纹连接的方向取向。这例如可以通过以下方式来实现：从编织物的平面的连接区域出发编织具有相应取向的中轴线的管。
有利地，成形件可以在基体硬化之后提供具有紧固开口的管，该紧固开口适用于直接拧接或者所述紧固开口可以设有内螺纹。
根据本发明的构件具有这类的成形件，该成形件通过所述连接区域集成到构件中。
通过成形件集成到构件中而提供了：虽然构件的壁厚较小，但仍可以实现如下这样的耐用的紧固点，该紧固点具有相应大的拧入深度以及拧接的较大的可获得的拧紧扭矩。此外，因此不受限制地有助于沿拧接方向而转向的纤维走向的优点。
根据本发明的紧固件具有如上述那样的结合到硬化的基体中的成形件，其中，硬化的连接区域不仅可以用于通过粘接或层压或者说多层复合（Laminieren）来建立连接，而且可以用作针对待拧接的另一构件的支承区域（Auflagebereich）。
这类紧固件可以构造为螺纹连接的独立部件。
有利地可以在连接区域上或管上存在有力作用面。
另一种根据本发明的构件通过粘接或层压持久地与前面提到的紧固件的连接区域相连接。
在这里，所述紧固件可以用于在已经预制的构件中建立螺纹连接，该构件本身没有被构造用于接纳螺纹连接。
根据所有根据本发明的主题的有利的改进方案，所述纤维材料可以至少50%由碳纤维制成。这类纤维材料被使用在轻质结构中并且在薄的壁厚度的情况下具有高的强度。
根据所有根据本发明的主题的有利的改进方案，紧固开口可以构造为通孔或盲孔。
在盲孔的情况下可以提供紧密的螺纹连接，而在通孔的情况下，螺纹连接的长度则不产生影响。
附图说明
根据本发明的构件借助附图来阐释。其中：
图1示出了具有紧固开口的且具有形式为管的紧固区域的多层平面式构件；
图2在截面图中示出了具有紧固开口的、来自图1的构件的细节；
图3A示出了具有引入的公制内螺纹的、来自图2的紧固开口；
图3B示出了具有直接拧接的引入的螺栓的、来自图2的紧固开口；
图4示出了具有附加的纤维材料的紧固开口，该纤维材料具有转向的纤维；
图5A在部分截面图中示出了由纺织物、针织物或编织物制成的成形件；
图5B在部分截面图中示出了由纺织物、针织物或编织物制成的成形件；
图6A和图6B示出了插入到构件中之前的紧固件。
具体实施方式
在图1中示出了具有用于螺纹连接的紧固区域2的构件1，其中，示例性用于提供螺纹连接的螺栓与紧固区域2间隔开地虚线示出。但是有利地，拧接在通常情况下沿相反方向进行。
构件1具有沿x-y平面延伸的表面3，该表面具有在至少一层中埋入并借助于粘合剂结合到基体4中的纤维材料5，其中，所述纤维材料5具有基本上平行于表面3的纤维走向，这与表面3是否弯曲无关。
所述表面3具有紧固开口6，该紧固开口具有相对于表面3布置成角度α（图2）的中轴线7，其中，紧固开口6在所示的例子中设有内螺纹8，但是该内螺纹不是必须强制存在的。在紧固开口6的紧固区域中，由所述表面3出发以如下方式进行平行于所述表面3的纤维材料5的转向：纤维材料5的纤维走向在转向之后与所述表面3成一角度β（图2），该角度接近中轴线7的方向。在此，利用转向的纤维材料5构造了管9，该管伸出表面3。
紧固开口6的中轴线7沿利用螺栓10有待提供的螺纹连接的方向取向，确切地说如下情况时也是如此，紧固开口6与所示出的情况不同地不具有预制的内螺纹8，而是直接拧接，在该直接拧接情况下，连接元件同时是用于在紧固开口6中成形螺纹的工具。
如在图2中的构件1的截面中所示出的那样，纤维材料5构造在多个层11、12、13等中并且在紧固区域2中围绕紧固开口6发生纤维材料5从表面3转向到管9中，这以新的附图标记5'来表示转向的纤维材料。紧固开口6的中轴线7在当前的情况下垂直于表面3，但是也可以设置用于螺纹连接的其他角度。具有转向的纤维材料5'的管9与表面3呈一角度β，其中，该角度β基本上相应于角度α，也就是偏差小于30°。
在图3A中示出了来自图2的管9，该管具有引入到紧固开口6中的公制内螺纹8，其中，螺纹由于管9相对于表面3倾斜了角度β而没有完全构造到所述管9的整个高度上。
能够识别出，在螺纹牙底中引入的内螺纹8虽然进入到纤维材料5'内，但是所述纤维材料5'在负载情况下主要沿纤维走向的方向受负载。
这在图3B中变得还要更清楚，在该图中，具有用于直接拧接的螺纹的螺栓10插入到所述紧固开口6中。螺栓10的螺纹牙顶已埋入到管9的、相对于表面3中的纤维材料5转向的纤维材料5'中，在此没有使纤维复合结构分裂，因为螺纹牙顶的进入基本上垂直于管9中的多个层11-13的纤维走向而进行。
在图4中示出了作为通孔的紧固开口6，其中，设置有附加的纤维材料15，该附加的纤维材料从紧固区域2延伸到管9中并且该附加的纤维材料不仅与表面3连接，而且与管9连接。该附加的纤维材料15允许延长所述管9，而没有通过在构件1内存在于表面3中的纤维材料5来限界。
在图5A、5B中，以部分截面图示出了成形件20，该成形件由纤维材料21、21'、如连续纤维增强的未硬化的热固性材料制成，该纤维材料也被称作预浸料或纺织物、针织物或编织物，其能够在稍后的加工步骤中结合到基体中。通过具有平行于连接区域22而延伸的纤维材料21的平面的连接区域22建立了与周围的构件23、24的连接，其方式是，如在图5A的构件23的情况下那样，连接区域22的纤维材料21在一侧结合到构件23的纤维材料中，与之相反地，在图5B的构件24的情况下，连接区域22的纤维材料21在两侧结合到构件24的纤维材料中。这与待引入到构件中的力的作用方向相关。成形件20对于周围的构件24而言形成用于螺纹连接的紧固点。在根据图5A的实施例中，这些力优先作为拉力被引入到紧固点中。在根据图5B的实施例中，这些力可以不仅作为拉力，但也可以作为压力或推力通过紧固点被引入到构件中。
所述成形件具有带中轴线7的紧固开口6并且纤维材料21在紧固开口6的区域中从连接区域22出发转向，从而使得纤维材料21的纤维走向在转向之后与连接区域22呈角度β，该角度接近中轴线7的方向，该中轴线相对于连接区域22具有角度α，并且利用转向的纤维材料构成了管25。紧固开口6的中轴线7沿有待提供的螺纹连接的方向取向并且可以构造为通孔或封闭的盲孔。
所述成形件在连接区域22的基体硬化之后提供了紧固开口6，该紧固开口适用于直接拧接，其中，连接元件同时是用于在紧固开口6中成形螺纹的工具，或者该紧固开口可以设有内螺纹。
图6A示出了在插入到具有紧固区域41的构件40中之前的、具有紧固开口33的紧固件30，所述紧固区域用于沿着中轴线7稍后待建立的螺纹连接。根据需要的不同，不仅可以通过类似图5A、5B的多层式层压来插入到所述构件结构中，但也可以通过连接区域32、32'的顶面或底面与构件40的粘接来插入到所述构件结构中。
紧固件30具有结合到硬化的基体中的成形件，该成形件具有连接区域，其中，硬化的连接区域32不仅被构造用于通过粘接或层压而建立与构件40的连接，而且被构造为支承到构件40上的支承区域。
在图6B中示出了连接区域32上或管35上存在的力作用面36、37，其中，如果将紧固件30'插入到所述构件40'中，则管35上的力作用面37与紧固区域41的相应的对应接触面共同作用。
无问题地展示出了，构件可以与紧固件的连接区域通过粘接或层压持久地连接。
原则上，可以将沿着中轴线7的两个方向设想为用于螺纹连接的方向。但是，在从上向下进行螺纹连接时，紧固件可从下方与构件40连接。但是，设计人员被给予了所有自由度，将紧固开口也构造为通孔或盲孔。

Claims (24)

1.具有用于螺纹连接的紧固区域（2）的第一构件（1），其中，所述第一构件（1）具有一表面（3），该表面具有在至少一个层中埋入到基体（4）中的第一纤维材料（5），其中，所述第一纤维材料（5）具有基本上平行于所述表面（3）的纤维走向，其中，所述表面（3）在所述紧固区域（2）中具有紧固开口（6），所述紧固开口具有相对于所述表面（3）布置成一角度α的中轴线（7），其中，所述紧固开口（6）被设置用于内螺纹（8），其特征在于，在所述紧固开口（6）的区域中，由所述表面（3）出发以如下方式进行平行于所述表面（3）的第一纤维材料（5）在所述紧固区域（2）中的转向：所述第一纤维材料（5）的纤维走向在转向之后与所述表面（3）成一角度β，该角度接近所述中轴线（7）的方向，并且利用被转向的第一纤维材料（5'）来构成第一管（9）。
2.根据权利要求1所述的第一构件，其特征在于，所述螺纹连接是利用连接元件（10）而进行的直接拧接，其中，所述连接元件（10）同时是用于在所述第一管（9）上的紧固开口（6）中成形螺纹的工具，或者所述第一管（9）具有预制的内螺纹（8），并且所述第一管（9）的中轴线（7）沿有待提供的螺纹连接的方向取向。
3.根据权利要求1至2中任一项所述的第一构件，其特征在于，所述第一纤维材料（5）在所述至少一个层中构造为纺织物、针织物或编织物。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的第一构件，其特征在于，在所述紧固开口（6）的紧固区域（2）中引入附加的第二纤维材料（15），该附加的第二纤维材料不仅与所述表面（3）连接，而且与所述第一管（9）连接。
5.根据权利要求3所述的第一构件，其特征在于，设置有多个层（11-13），这些层彼此连接。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的第一构件，其特征在于，所述第一纤维材料（5）至少50%由碳纤维制成。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的第一构件，其特征在于，所述紧固开口（6；33）构造为通孔或以封闭的方式来构造。
8.成形件（20），所述成形件由第三纤维材料（21）制成，该第三纤维材料能够结合到基体中，其特征在于，存在平面的连接区域（22），其具有平行于该连接区域（22）而延伸的第一纤维材料（5），通过该第一纤维材料能够建立与周围的第二构件（23、24）的连接，所述成形件（20）具有带中轴线（7）的紧固开口（6），并且所述第三纤维材料（21）在所述紧固开口（6）的区域中从所述连接区域（22）出发转向到第一管（9）中，从而使得所述第三纤维材料（21）的纤维走向在转向之后相对于所述连接区域（22）成一角度β，该角度接近所述中轴线（7）的方向，并且利用被转向的第三纤维材料（21'）来构成第二管（25）。
9.根据权利要求8所述的成形件（20），其特征在于，所述第二管（25）的中轴线（7）沿有待提供的螺纹连接的方向取向。
10.根据权利要求9所述的成形件，其特征在于，所述成形件在基体硬化之后提供了具有紧固开口（6）的第二管（25），该紧固开口适用于直接拧接，其中，连接元件（10）同时是用于在紧固开口（6）中成形螺纹的工具，或者所述紧固开口（6）能够设有内螺纹（8）。
11.根据权利要求8所述的成形件，其特征在于，所述成形件由连续纤维增强的未硬化的热固性材料制成。
12.根据权利要求8所述的成形件，其特征在于，所述成形件由纺织物、针织物或编织物制成。
13.根据权利要求8所述的成形件，其特征在于，所述第三纤维材料（21）至少50%由碳纤维制成。
14.根据权利要求8所述的成形件，其特征在于，所述紧固开口（6；33）构造为通孔或以封闭的方式来构造。
15.具有用于螺纹连接的紧固区域（2）的第二构件（23、24），其特征在于根据权利要求8至12中任一项所述的成形件（20），其中，所述成形件（20）通过所述连接区域完全集成到所述第二构件（23、24）中。
16.根据权利要求15所述的第二构件（23、24），其特征在于，所述第三纤维材料（21）至少50%由碳纤维制成。
17.根据权利要求15所述的第二构件（23、24），其特征在于，所述紧固开口（6；33）构造为通孔或以封闭的方式来构造。
18.紧固件，其特征在于根据权利要求8至12中任一项所述的、结合到硬化的基体中的成形件，其中，硬化的连接区域（32）不仅被构造用于通过粘接或层压建立连接，而且被构造为支承区域。
19.根据权利要求18所述的紧固件，其特征在于，在所述连接区域（32）上或在所述紧固件的第三管（35）上存在力作用面（36、37）。
20.根据权利要求18所述的紧固件，其特征在于，所述第三纤维材料（21）至少50%由碳纤维制成。
21.根据权利要求18所述的紧固件，其特征在于，所述紧固开口（6；33）构造为通孔或以封闭的方式来构造。
22.具有按照权利要求18或19所述的紧固件（30）的第三构件（40），其特征在于，所述第三构件（40）通过粘接或层压持久地与所述紧固件（30）的连接区域（32）连接。
23.根据权利要求22所述的第三构件，其特征在于，所述第三纤维材料（21）至少50%由碳纤维制成。
24.根据权利要求22所述的第三构件，其特征在于，所述紧固开口（6；33）构造为通孔或以封闭的方式来构造。
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