CN105753599A - Total-alga biological mulching film and method for preparing same - Google Patents
Total-alga biological mulching film and method for preparing same Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a total-alga biological mulching film and a method for preparing the same.The method is characterized by comprising steps of soaking brown alga in water; sufficiently thoroughly washing the brown alga; smashing the brown alga; adding water with the weight of 1-200 times the weight of the brown alga into the brown alga; adding alkaline sodium salt into the brown alga; carrying out reaction at the temperature ranging from the room temperature to 180 DEG C for 0-100 hours; cooling reaction products; adding humectants and nutrition ingredients into the reaction products; stirring the humectants, the nutrition ingredients and the reaction products to obtain mixtures; spreading a film; immersing the film in acid solution and carrying out cross-linking for 2-120 minutes; draining the film; immersing the film in metal ion salt solution with order higher than 2 and carrying out cross-linking for 2-60 minutes; flushing and drying the film to obtain the total-alga biological mulching film.The total-alga biological mulching film and the method have the advantages that the total-alga biological mulching film is directly prepared from the brown alga; effects of conserving soil moisture and water and killing weed can be realized by the total-alga biological mulching film, the total-alga biological mulching film can be completely degraded by microorganisms of soil in the period ranging from 6 months to 12 months, degradation products are excellent biological fertilizers, and positive effects of remedying the soil can be realized; the service cost is approximately 116.7 yuan per mu, accordingly, the total-alga biological mulching film and the method are easy to popularize and industrially scale up, and mass production, popularization and utilization can be facilitated.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to mulch film preparing technical field, be specifically related to a kind of dry mulch film of Sargassum, be i.e. a kind of full seaweed bio mulch film and preparation method thereof。
Background technology
Agricultural plastic ground membrane soverlay technique is since 1979, agricultural production obtains rapid popularization at home, drastically increases China's crop yield such as vegetable, Fructus Fragariae Ananssae, coffee, Nicotiana tabacum L., melon, fruit tree, Cotton Gossypii, Semen arachidis hypogaeae, Radix Betae, Oryza sativa L., Semen Tritici aestivi, Semen Maydis etc..Drought and water shortage is that restriction Chinese agriculture produces and the key issue in environmental improvement, and film-mulching technique is the effective important technique measure solving drought and water shortage.There is the effects such as moisturizing, insulation, pest-resistant, diseases prevention, suppression weed growth due to agricultural mulching, soil moisture can be kept, improve efficiency of water application, alleviate Arid&semi-arid area soil water shortage problem, improve crop growth environment simultaneously, be conducive to crop growth, improve crop yield and agricultural benefit, become the third-largest means of agricultural production after chemical fertilizer, pesticide.At present, domestic covering with ground sheeting area is at 26,000,000 hm2Above, 1.49 hundred million mu of fruit tree, in soil, mulch film residual quantity is typically in 60-90kg/hm2, it is up to 165kg/hm2, make Semen Maydis underproduction 11%-23%, wheat yield 9%-16%, Semen sojae atricolor underproduction 5.5%-9%, vegetable underproduction 14.6%-59.2%.
China's agricultural mulching with annual 10% speed increase, consumption now more than 2,300,000 tons, its area coverage and consumption all row the first in the world.But owing to plastic sheeting is polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride composition, degradation time was up to 200 or three hundred years, and plastic film is relatively thin, with rear broken in farmland and be mingled with substantial amounts of sandy soil, it is difficult to recycle, uses year after year and cause that broken film accumulates on soil plough horizon year by year, cause soil compaction, permeability to be deteriorated, root growth is obstructed, the succession crop underproduction, the person who has rendered outstanding service of " White Revolution " fades to the chief culprit of " white pollution ", and this situation worsens further.Japan, the U.S., Italy,FranceWith the prosperity such as German, CanadianCountryIn in succession setting about research degradable mulch at the end of last century, main Types has: Biodegradable mulch, photodegradation film, light/Biodegradable mulch and utilize the degradable mulch etc. that Plant fiber makes.Biodegradable mulch can be divided into the polymer-based mulch film of chemosynthesis, the big class of natural polymer base film two, but only contained starch component can be degraded, and plastic components can not be degraded.Photodegradation film is divided into addition type photodegradation film and the big class of synthetic photodegradative mulch film two, and photodegradation film degradation speed is fast, is difficult to control, and this mulch film only could be degraded under light, and therefore its use is very restricted；Light/bio-degradable mulch film can become little granule Plastic-film disintegration, in a short time plant growth is not had too significantly negative effect, but the prolongation along with the time of use, in soil, plastic grain is gradually increased, it is difficult to clean off, it is likely to bring the pollution more serious than using plastic film, is unfavorable for the sustainable development of agricultural；The prosperities such as Japan of the U.S.CountryEtc. also studied with plant fiber-based mulch film, due to its cracky, not easily mechanization plastic film mulch, simultaneously expensive, it is difficult to large-scale popularization is applied.The research institution of China and relevant enterprise research are concentrated mainly in PE and add starch or modified starch, except biodegradable mulch film can be degraded except interpolation starch, remain a large amount of PE or polyester still remaining and can not complete biodegradable, also environment secondary pollution be can be caused, soil and grain security had a strong impact on.
Research team of the present invention is the defect changing plastic film, within 2013, successfully have developed " a kind of dry mulch film of seaweed bio " technology of complete biodegradable, application number is 201310496202.5, and obtain mandate, but it is the polysaccharide-sodium alginate extracted in Sargassum owing to preparing the raw material of mulch film, price is up to 6.5 ten thousand yuans/ton, the mulch film cost of preparation is that every square meter is about 1.0 yuans, every mu of mulch film cost put into is added up to be about about 466.9 yuan, relatively costly, the difficulty of practice and extension is bigger in a short time.
This technology full seaweed bio mulch film can solve the problem that the deficiency of above-mentioned all technology; not only act as soil moisture conservation, water conservation and the effect of cutting weeds; and can be degradable by soil microorganism; catabolite is organic; or a kind of good bio-feritlizer, soil protection conditions warrant grain security is significant.Another feature of this technical products is exactly that cost is low, every square meter about 0.25 yuan, every mu of field crop presses 70% area coverage, the mulch film cost about 116.7 yuans put into, it is the 1/4 of the Sargassum mulch film cost prepared with sodium alginate, close to existing plastic film cost 70～80 yuan/mu, so being easier to promote industrialization.China land for growing field crops nurse crop 26,000,000 hectares, the mulch film output value reaches 65,000,000,000 yuans, and 1.49 hundred million mu of fruit tree, the mulch film output value reaches 24,800,000,000 yuans, wide market.
This technical products not only has feature and the effect of mulch film, and also possess marine organisms functional characteristics, in product containing trace element, organic matter etc., to improvement soil, increase soil fertility, increase crop yield, Crop Improvement quality, strengthen that crop is degeneration-resistant, radioprotective, the function such as antibacterial, have broad application prospects.Technical products meetsCountryThe rational distribution of resources and the requirement effectively utilized, meetCountryIndustrial policy, meets environmental protection and the requirement of economy, social sustainable development, meetsCountry" 13 " planning industrial policy.The relevant report directly preparing the dry mulch film of Sargassum with Brown algae is there is no at present both at home and abroad through consulting.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of full seaweed bio mulch film, not only can alleviate Arid&semi-arid area soil water shortage problem, improve crops and fruit tree growth environment, improve crop and fruit yield, and world's multi-form agriculture " white pollution " problem can be solved, greatly improve soil environment, reduce agriculture production cost, be effectively improved crop quality, improve dining table safety.
The full seaweed bio mulch film of the present invention, prepares with the following method, is first soaked in water by Brown algae, fully washing is clean, pulverizes, and adds the water of 1～200 times of dry Brown algae weight, add alkaline sodium salt, react 0～100 hour in room temperature～180 DEG C, cooling, add wetting agent and nutritional labeling, stirring, plastic film mulch, it is then immersed in acid solution and cross-links 2～120 minutes, dewatering, then it is immersed in the above metal ion salt solution crosslinking of divalent 2～60 minutes, obtain full seaweed bio mulch film through rinsing to dry.
Above-mentioned Brown algae includes the kelps such as Japan Thallus Laminariae (Thallus Eckloniae), the North Sea, pole algae, Laminaria digitata, Alga Sgrgassi Enerves, Thallus Laminariae, Macrocystis pyrifera (L.) Ag., yellow tang, goose ZHANGZAO, Scytosiphon lomentarius (Lyngh.)J. Ag..
Above-mentioned alkaline sodium salt mass percent in aqueous is 0.01～40%, it is preferable that Disodium oxalate., sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium hydroxide, sodium phosphate or sodium citrate.
Above-mentioned wetting agent percent in aqueous is 0.01～80%, it is preferable that chitosan, gellan gum, Konjac glucomannan, agar, carrageenan, pectin, locust bean gum, karaya, xanthan gum, guar gum,Gelatin, glycerol, cupu oil, vaseline, cholesterol, triglyceride, Palmic acid, myristic acid and stearic acid or animal raw fat.
Above-mentioned nutritional labeling is 0.01～50% at the mass percent of aqueous solution, it is preferable that N P and K, amino-acid trace element, glucose, auximone.
Above-mentioned acid solution refers to hydrochloric acid, boric acid, sulphuric acid, oxalic acid, phosphoric acid, citric acid, lactic acid, and its mass percent in aqueous is 0.001～60%.
The above metal cation salt of above-mentioned divalent mass percent in the solution is 0.01～30%, it is preferable that calcium chloride, calcium citrate, calcium gluconate, calcium lactate, zinc sulfate, zinc chloride, zinc lactate, zinc gluconate, zinc acetate, aluminum chloride, aluminum sulfate, Alumen.
The present invention directly prepares a kind of full seaweed bio mulch film with Brown algae for raw material, saves all of nutritional labeling in Brown algae, and expansion rate of water absorption is less than 120%, and biological degradation rate is more than 99.0%, and light transmittance is less than 50%.Not only act as soil moisture conservation, water conservation and the effect of cutting weeds, and can be degradable by soil microorganism, catabolite is organic, or a kind of good bio-feritlizer, in Brown algae containing trace element, protein, fatty acid, Sargassum enzyme, phenols and note class material isoreactivity composition to improvement soil, increase soil fertility, increase crop yield, improve good crop quality, strengthen that crop is degeneration-resistant, radioprotective, antibacterial etc. have positive role, have broad application prospects.This technical products belongs to environmentally friendly; soil reach degradable between 6～12 months; soil is had active remediation effect; preparation cost is that sodium alginate prepares the 1/4 of Sargassum mulch film cost; it is easy to large-scale production and promotes the use of; to solve current " white pollution ", benefit future generations offspring.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, a kind of full seaweed bio mulch film of the present invention is described in detail.
The direct full seaweed bio mulch film prepared with Brown algae of the present invention, is that just Brown algae is soaked in water, and fully washing is clean, pulverize, add the water of 1～200 times of dry Brown algae weight, add alkaline sodium salt, react 0～100 hour in room temperature～180 DEG C, cooling, add wetting agent and nutritional labeling, stirring, plastic film mulch, is then immersed in acid solution and cross-links 2～120 minutes, dewatering, it is immersed in the above metal ion salt solution of divalent again to cross-link 2～60 minutes, obtains full seaweed bio mulch film through rinsing to dry.
Described Brown algae can be alternatively fresh Brown algae for dry Brown algae, and dry Brown algae must be soaked, it is simple to is cleaned by the sand on Brown algae surface, also allows for being ground into muddy, and fresh Brown algae is without soaking.Because the Algin in Brown algae is cross-linked to form gel film with acid or the above slaine of divalent, so adopting Brown algae；Described washing is to be washed off by the sand on Brown algae surface, it is to avoid trachoma occur when preparing mulch film；Described pulverizing is to adopt pulverizer that wet Brown algae is broken into into muddy, it is possible to adopts ball mill that wet Brown algae is worn into muddy, makes water-insoluble Brown algae fiber block granularity become more tiny, it is to avoid broken hole occurs in the dry mulch film surface of Sargassum of preparation；Described addition alkaline sodium salt is to by the above slaine of alginic acid divalent non-water-soluble in Brown algae, be changed into water miscible sodium alginate, forming liquid of vicidity, in order to plastic film mulch；Described wetting agent is to increase the water-retaining property of the dry mulch film of Sargassum and flexibility, it is simple to field operates；Described nutritional labeling is to add the nutritional labelings such as N P and K, amino-acid trace element, glucose, auximone in mulch film, makes Sargassum dry mulch film be increased the fertility in soil after soil microbial degradation；Described acid solution includes mineral acid and organic acid, makes sodium alginate be changed into alginic acid Weak Gels, to increase the toughness of the dry mulch film of Sargassum, neutralizes the alkaline sodium salt of addition simultaneously；The above metal cation salt of described divalent include inorganic combination and and organically combine, make sodium alginate be changed into the strong gel of the above slaine of alginic acid divalent, increase Sargassum dry ground film strength.Above to acid solution and divalent metal cation salt can also be mixed, make the sodium alginate of formation concurrently form alginic acid Weak Gels and the strong gel of alginate, to increase toughness and the intensity of the dry mulch film of Sargassum.Described plastic film mulch refers to uniform for Brown algae viscous solution scraper plate to 0.01～1.0mm thickness.
The full seaweed bio mulch film Organic substance that this technology obtains is more than 90%, and moisture is less than 18%, and expansion rate of water absorption is less than 120%, and light transmittance is less than 50%, and hot strength is more than 100Mpa, and the soil microbial degradation cycle is 6～12 months.Dry film hot strength is 100MPa ~ 150MPa, and dry film percentage elongation is 2.0% ~ 5.0%, and water solublity is 0.05%5 ~ 0.1%, and moisture content is 15% ~ 20%.
Embodiment 1
nullWeigh 5 kilograms of dry Thallus Laminariae (Thallus Eckloniae) and add 50 kilograms of tap waters immersions 24 hours，Fully washing is clean，Obtain about 40 kilograms of Mare Humorum bands，Mare Humorum band pulverizer is ground into muddy，Add 65 kilograms of tap waters and 0.075Kg sodium carbonate，React 3 hours under 70 DEG C of conditions，Obtain comparing the muddy liquid of thickness，It is cooled to 30 DEG C～40 DEG C，Add 0.01 kilogram of gellan gum、0.05 kilogram of carrageenan、0.5 kilogram of glycerol、0.025 kilogram of chitosan stirring，Then in the upper plastic film mulch of corrosion resistant plate (or poly (methyl methacrylate) plate)，Then film is immersed in the solution that hydrochloric acid mass percent is 2.0%，Cross-link 10 minutes，Dewatering，Again film is immersed in the solution that calcium chloride mass percent is 2% and cross-links 15 minutes，Then through tap water，80 DEG C dry 1.5 hours，Obtain full seaweed bio mulch film 4.76 kilograms.
Embodiment 2
nullWeigh dry Alga Sgrgassi Enerves 5 kilograms and add 50 kilograms of tap waters immersions 24 hours，Fully washing is clean，Obtain about 40 kilograms of wet Alga Sgrgassi Enervess，Wet Alga Sgrgassi Enerves pulverizer is ground into muddy，Add 65 kilograms of tap waters and 0.1Kg Disodium oxalate.，React 2.5 hours under 90 DEG C of conditions，Obtain comparing the muddy liquid of thickness，It is cooled to 30 DEG C～40 DEG C，Add 0.01 kilogram of chitosan、0.5 kilogram of glycerol、0.005 kilogram of Konjac glucomannan，Stirring，Then in the upper plastic film mulch of corrosion resistant plate (or poly (methyl methacrylate) plate)，Then film immerses sulphuric acid acid mass percent is 1.0%、Zinc chloride mass percent be 2% mixed solution in crosslinking 15～20 minutes，Then through tap water，120 DEG C dry 30 minutes，Obtain the dry mulch film of degradable fully bio-degradable Sargassum 4.63 kilograms.
The dry Plastic-film disintegration effect of Sargassum prepared by embodiment 3 present invention
With vinyon mulch film for comparison, full seaweed bio mulch film is experimental group.Full seaweed bio mulch film is cut into 8cm and is multiplied by the square of 8cm, spread warp layer cloth in the top and bottom of mulch film, be embedded in 10cm place, underground, regularly take out and be measured.
Along with the increase of degradation time, full seaweed bio mulch film weight-loss ratio is gradually increased, and matched group polyethylene ground film then terminates all to degrade from starting to testing, and weight-loss ratio maintains 0% always, it is seen that plastic film is difficult to degrade in soil.In the process of degraded, full seaweed bio mulch film is relatively slower degraded in first 90 days, and when being degraded to 70 days, the weight-loss ratio of film only has 16.43%.Along with the continuation of degradation time increases, full Sargassum mulch film is degraded rapidly, and from 90 days to 180 days, the weight-loss ratio of full seaweed bio mulch film was increased to 76.26% by 16.43%, and the dry mulch film of Sargassum now is almost all degraded.(Fig. 1It is Sargassum Plastic-film disintegration 30 days,Fig. 2It is Sargassum Plastic-film disintegration 60 days,Fig. 3It is Sargassum Plastic-film disintegration 90 days,Fig. 4It is Sargassum Plastic-film disintegration 120 days,Fig. 5It is Sargassum Plastic-film disintegration 150 days,Fig. 6It is Sargassum Plastic-film disintegration 180 days).Follow the tracks of the degraded situation of the full seaweed bio mulch film of the present invention and plastic film in soil; finding that mulch film early stage of the present invention is slowly by soil microbial degradation, reaches degradable by about 180 days, the composition of its degraded is algin oligosaccharide; it is a kind of good vegetable fertilizer, can soil protection environment.And, product of the present invention is the 1/4 of the Sargassum mulch film cost prepared with sodium alginate, because eliminating all programs preparing sodium alginate from Brown algae, so manufacturing cost is greatly reduced.Every mu of field crop presses 70% area coverage, the mulch film cost of input about 116.7 yuans, close to existing plastic film cost 70～80 yuan/mu, promotes and industrialization so being easier to hold.
Concrete condition is shown in descriptionAccompanying drawing,Fig. 1It is 30 days,Fig. 2It is 60 days,Fig. 3It is 90 days,Fig. 4It is 120 days,Fig. 5It is 150 days,Fig. 6It it is 180 days。
Claims (8)
1. full seaweed bio mulch film and preparation method thereof, is characterized in that being soaked in water Brown algae, and fully washing is clean, pulverize, add the water of 1～200 times of dry Brown algae weight, add alkaline sodium salt, react 0～100 hour in room temperature～180 DEG C, cooling, add wetting agent and nutritional labeling, stirring, plastic film mulch, is then immersed in acid solution and cross-links 2～120 minutes, dewatering, immerse the above metal ion salt solution of divalent again to cross-link 2～60 minutes, through rinsing the dry full seaweed bio mulch film obtaining the present invention.
2. Brown algae as claimed in claim 1 is the kelps such as Japan Thallus Laminariae (Thallus Eckloniae), the North Sea, pole algae, Laminaria digitata, Alga Sgrgassi Enerves, Thallus Laminariae, Macrocystis pyrifera (L.) Ag., yellow tang, goose ZHANGZAO, Scytosiphon lomentarius (Lyngh.)J. Ag..
3. the preferred Disodium oxalate. of alkaline sodium salt as claimed in claim 1, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium hydroxide, sodium phosphate or sodium citrate, its in aqueous mass percent be 0.01～40%.
4. the preferred chitosan of wetting agent as claimed in claim 1, gellan gum, Konjac glucomannan, agar, carrageenan, pectin, locust bean gum, karaya, xanthan gum, guar gum, gelatin, glycerol, cupu oil, vaseline, cholesterol, triglyceride, Palmic acid, myristic acid and stearic acid or animal raw fat, its percent in aqueous is 0.01～80%.
5. the preferred N P and K of nutritional labeling, amino-acid trace element, glucose, auximone as claimed in claim 1, it is 0.01～50% at the mass percent of aqueous solution.
6. acid as claimed in claim 1 preferably hydrochloric acid, boric acid, sulphuric acid, oxalic acid, phosphoric acid, citric acid, lactic acid, its mass percent in aqueous is 0.001～60%.
7. the above metal cation salt preferably calcium chloride of divalent, calcium citrate, calcium gluconate, calcium lactate, zinc sulfate, zinc chloride, zinc lactate, zinc gluconate, zinc acetate, aluminum chloride, aluminum sulfate, Alumen as claimed in claim 1, its mass percent in the solution is 0.01～30%.
8. full seaweed bio mulch film described in claim 1 and preparation method thereof, its preparation is characterized by being soaked in water Brown algae, washing, pulverizes, and adds alkaline sodium salt reaction, cooling, add wetting agent and nutritional labeling, stirring, plastic film mulch, then in the above metal ion salt solution crosslinking of acid solution and divalent, then through rinsing the dry full seaweed bio mulch film obtaining the present invention.
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Cited By (8)
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| CN107820970A (en) * | 2017-12-21 | 2018-03-23 | 苏州星火丰盈环保包装有限公司 | A kind of biodegradable mulch film |
| CN108395332A (en) * | 2018-05-07 | 2018-08-14 | 山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | A kind of culture medium of edible fungus and preparation method thereof |
| CN110272316A (en) * | 2019-07-22 | 2019-09-24 | 陕西科技大学 | A kind of paper base microelement accumulation type slow-release fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN110615908A (en) * | 2018-10-30 | 2019-12-27 | 中国海洋大学 | Dry mulching film prepared from enteromorpha |
| CN110615902A (en) * | 2018-10-30 | 2019-12-27 | 中国海洋大学 | Dry mulching film prepared from enteromorpha and kelp and preparation method thereof |
| CN110724286A (en) * | 2018-07-16 | 2020-01-24 | 中国海洋大学 | Method for preparing dry mulching film by using seaweed waste residues generated in sodium alginate production |
| CN112209773A (en) * | 2020-10-12 | 2021-01-12 | 张大庆 | Chitosan biological liquid nutrient mulching film and preparation method thereof |
| CN113549236A (en) * | 2021-09-22 | 2021-10-26 | 汇泰渤海水产有限责任公司 | Degradable seaweed film, preparation method thereof and packaging product |
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Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107820970A (en) * | 2017-12-21 | 2018-03-23 | 苏州星火丰盈环保包装有限公司 | A kind of biodegradable mulch film |
| CN108395332A (en) * | 2018-05-07 | 2018-08-14 | 山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | A kind of culture medium of edible fungus and preparation method thereof |
| CN110724286A (en) * | 2018-07-16 | 2020-01-24 | 中国海洋大学 | Method for preparing dry mulching film by using seaweed waste residues generated in sodium alginate production |
| CN110615908A (en) * | 2018-10-30 | 2019-12-27 | 中国海洋大学 | Dry mulching film prepared from enteromorpha |
| CN110615902A (en) * | 2018-10-30 | 2019-12-27 | 中国海洋大学 | Dry mulching film prepared from enteromorpha and kelp and preparation method thereof |
| CN110272316A (en) * | 2019-07-22 | 2019-09-24 | 陕西科技大学 | A kind of paper base microelement accumulation type slow-release fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN110272316B (en) * | 2019-07-22 | 2021-11-30 | 陕西科技大学 | Paper-based trace element aggregation type slow release fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN112209773A (en) * | 2020-10-12 | 2021-01-12 | 张大庆 | Chitosan biological liquid nutrient mulching film and preparation method thereof |
| CN113549236A (en) * | 2021-09-22 | 2021-10-26 | 汇泰渤海水产有限责任公司 | Degradable seaweed film, preparation method thereof and packaging product |
| CN113549236B (en) * | 2021-09-22 | 2021-12-31 | 汇泰渤海水产有限责任公司 | Degradable seaweed film, preparation method thereof and packaging product |
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Application publication date: 20160713 |